Chapter XXI: Part 21

Full is placed before adjectives and adverbs to heighten or strengthen their signification. "Full sad." Milton. "Master of a full poor cell." Shak. "Full many a gem of purest ray serene." T. Gray.

Full is also prefixed to participles to express utmost extent or degree; as, full-bloomed, full-blown, full-crammed full-grown, full-laden, full-stuffed, etc. Such compounds, for the most part, are self-defining.

Full, v. i. To become full or wholly illuminated; as, the moon fulls at midnight.

Full, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fulling.] [OE. fullen, OF. fuler, fouler, F. fouler, LL. fullare, fr. L. fullo fuller, cloth fuller, cf. Gr. &?; shining, white, AS. fullian to whiten as a fuller, to baptize, fullere a fuller. Cf. Defile to foul, Foil to frustrate, Fuller. n. ] To thicken by moistening, heating, and pressing, as cloth; to mill; to make compact; to scour, cleanse, and thicken in a mill.

Full, v. i. To become fulled or thickened; as, this material fulls well.

Full"age (?), n. The money or price paid for fulling or cleansing cloth. Johnson.

Ful"lam (?), n. A false die. See Fulham.

Full"-blood`ed (?), a. 1. Having a full supply of blood.

2. Of pure blood; thoroughbred; as, a full-blooded horse.

Full"-bloomed` (?), a. Like a perfect blossom. "Full-bloomed lips." Crashaw.

Full"-blown` (?), a. 1. Fully expanded, as a blossom; as, a full-bloun rose. Denham.

2. Fully distended with wind, as a sail. Dryden.

Full"-bot"tomed (?), a. 1. Full and large at the bottom, as wigs worn by certain civil officers in Great Britain.

2. (Naut.) Of great capacity below the water line.

Full"-butt" (?), adv. With direct and violent opposition; with sudden collision. [Colloq.] L'Estrange.

Full`-drive" (?), adv. With full speed. [Colloq.]

Full"er (?), n. [AS. fullere, fr. L. fullo. See Full, v. t.] One whose occupation is to full cloth.

Fuller's earth, a variety of clay, used in scouring and cleansing cloth, to imbibe grease. -- Fuller's herb (Bot.), the soapwort (Saponaria officinalis), formerly used to remove stains from cloth. -- Fuller's thistle or weed (Bot.), the teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) whose burs are used by fullers in dressing cloth. See Teasel.

Full"er, n. [From Full, a.] (Blacksmith's Work) A die; a half- round set hammer, used for forming grooves and spreading iron; -- called also a creaser.

Full"er, v. t. To form a groove or channel in, by a fuller or set hammer; as, to fuller a bayonet.

Full"er*y (?), n.; pl. Fulleries (&?;). The place or the works where the fulling of cloth is carried on.

Full"-formed` (?), a. Full in form or shape; rounded out with flesh.

The full-formed maids of Afric.

Thomson.

Full"-grown` (?), a. Having reached the limits of growth; mature. "Full-grown wings." Lowell.

Full"-heart`ed (?), a. Full of courage or confidence. Shak.

Full"-hot` (?), a. Very fiery. Shak.

Full"ing, n. The process of cleansing, shrinking, and thickening cloth by moisture, heat, and pressure.

Fulling mill, a mill for fulling cloth as by means of pesties or stampers, which alternately fall into and rise from troughs where the cloth is placed with hot water and fuller's earth, or other cleansing materials.

Full"-manned` (?), a. Completely furnished wiith men, as a ship.

Full"mart" (?), n. See Foumart. B. Jonson.

Full"ness, n. The state of being full, or of abounding; abundance; completeness. [Written also fulness.]

"In thy presence is fullness of joy."

Ps. xvi. 11.

Ful*lon"i*cal (?), a. [L. fullonicus, from fullo a cloth fuller.] Pertaining to a fuller of cloth. [Obs.] Blount.

Full"-orbed` (&?;), a. Having the orb or disk complete or fully illuminated; like the full moon.

Full"-sailed` (?), a. Having all its sails set,; hence, without restriction or reservation. Massinger.

Full"-winged` (?), a. 1. Having large and strong or complete wings. Shak.

2. Ready for flight; eager. [Archaic] Beau. & Fl.

Ful"ly (?), adv. In a full manner or degree; completely; entirely; without lack or defect; adequately; satisfactorily; as, to be fully persuaded of the truth of a proposition.

Fully committed (Law), committed to prison for trial, in distinction from being detained for examination.

Syn. -- Completely; entirely; maturely; plentifully; abundantly; plenteously; copiously; largely; amply; sufficiently; clearly; distinctly; perfectly.

Ful"mar (flm‰r), n. [Icel. flmr. See foul, and Man a gull.] (Zoˆl.) One of several species of sea birds, of the family ProcellariidÊ, allied to the albatrosses and petrels. Among the well-known species are the arctic fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) (called also fulmar petrel, malduck, and mollemock), and the giant fulmar (Ossifraga gigantea).

Ful"mi*nant (?), a. [L. fulminans, p. pr. of fulminare to lighten: cf. F. fulminant.] Thundering; fulminating. [R.] Bailey.

Ful"mi*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fulminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fulminating.] [L. fulminatus, p. p. of fulminare to lighten, strike with lightning, fr. fulmen thunderbolt, fr. fulgere to shine. See Fulgent, and cf. Fulmine.] 1. To thunder; hence, to make a loud, sudden noise; to detonate; to explode with a violent report.

2. To issue or send forth decrees or censures with the assumption of supreme authority; to thunder forth menaces.

Ful"mi*nate, v. t. 1. To cause to explode. Sprat.

2. To utter or send out with denunciations or censures; -- said especially of menaces or censures uttered by ecclesiastical authority.

They fulminated the most hostile of all decrees.

De Quincey.

Ful"mi*nate (?), n. [Cf. P. fulminate. See Fulminate, v. i.] (Chem.) (a) A salt of fulminic acid. See under Fulminic. (b) A fulminating powder.

Fulminate of gold, an explosive compound of gold; -- called also fulminating gold, and aurum fulminans.

Ful"mi*na"ting (?), a. 1. Thundering; exploding in a peculiarly sudden or violent manner.

2. Hurling denunciations, menaces, or censures.

Fulminating oil, nitroglycerin. -- Fulminating powder (Chem.) any violently explosive powder, but especially one of the fulminates, as mercuric fulminate.

Ful"mi*na`tion (?), n. [L. fulminatio a darting of lightning: cf. F. fulmination.] 1. The act of fulminating or exploding; detonation.

2. The act of thundering forth threats or censures, as with authority.

3. That which is fulminated or thundered forth; vehement menace or censure.

The fulminations from the Vatican were turned into ridicule.

Ayliffe.

Ful"mi*na*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. fulminatoire.] Thundering; striking terror. Cotgrave.

Ful"mine (?), v. i. [F. fulminer. See Fulminate, v.] To thunder. [Obs.] Spenser. Milton.

Ful"mine, v. t. To shoot; to dart like lightning; to fulminate; to utter with authority or vehemence.

She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique.

Tennyson.

Ful*min"e*ous (?), a. [L. fulmen thunder.] Of, or concerning thunder.

Ful*min"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. fulminique.] Pertaining to fulmination; detonating; specifically (Chem.), pertaining to, derived from, or denoting, an acid, so called; as, fulminic acid.

Fulminic acid (Chem.), a complex acid, H2C2N2O2, isomeric with cyanic and cyanuric acids, and not known in the free state, but forming a large class of highly explosive salts, the fulminates. Of these, mercuric fulminate, the most common, is used, mixed with niter, to fill percussion caps, charge cartridges, etc. Fulminic acid is made by the action of nitric acid on alcohol.

Ful"mi*nu"ric (?), a. [Fulminic + cyanuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to fulminic and cyanuric acids, and designating an acid so called.

Fulminuric acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline, explosive substance, H3C3N3O3, forming well known salts, and obtained from the fulminates. It is isomeric with cyanuric acid, and hence is also called isocyanuric acid.

Ful"ness (?), n. See Fullness.

Ful*sam"ic (?), a. [See Fulsome.] Fulsome. [Obs.]

Ful"some (?), a. [Full, a. + -some.] 1. Full; abundant; plenteous; not shriveled. [Obs.]

His lean, pale, hoar, and withered corpse grew fulsome, fair, and
fresh.

Golding.

2. Offending or disgusting by overfullness, excess, or grossness; cloying; gross; nauseous; esp., offensive from excess of praise; as, fulsome flattery.

And lest the fulsome artifice should fail Themselves will hide its
coarseness with a veil.

Cowper.

3. Lustful; wanton; obscene; also, tending to obscenity. [Obs.] "Fulsome ewes." Shak.

-- Ful"some*ly, adv. -- Ful"some*ness, n. Dryden.

Ful"vid (?), a. [LL. fulvidus, fr. L. fulvus.] Fulvous. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Ful"vous (?), a. [L. fulvus.] Tawny; dull yellow, with a mixture of gray and brown. Lindley.

Fum (?), v. i. To play upon a fiddle. [Obs.]

Follow me, and fum as you go.

B. Jonson.

Fu*ma"cious (?), a. [From Fume.] Smoky; hence, fond of smoking; addicted to smoking tobacco.

Fu*made" (?), Fu*ma"do (&?;), n.; pl. Fumades (#), Fumadoes (#). [Sp. fumodo smoked, p. p. of fumar to smoke, fr. L. fumare. See Fume, v. i.] A salted and smoked fish, as the pilchard.

Fu"mage (?), n. [OF. fumage, fumaige, fr. L. fumus smoke.] Hearth money.

Fumage, or fuage, vulgarly called smoke farthings.

Blackstone.

Fu"ma*rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of fumaric acid.

Fu*mar"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, fumitory (Fumaria officinalis).

Fumaric acid (Chem.), a widely occurring organic acid, extracted from fumitory as a white crystallline substance, C2H2(CO2H)2, and produced artificially in many ways, as by the distillation of malic acid; boletic acid. It is found also in the lichen, Iceland moss, and hence was also called lichenic acid.

Fu"ma*rine (?), n. [L. fumus smoke, fume.] (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from fumitory, as a white crystalline substance.

Fu"ma*role (?), n. [It. fumaruola, fr. fumo smoke, L. fumus: cf. F. fumerolle, fumarolle.] A hole or spot in a volcanic or other region, from which fumes issue.

Fu"ma*to*ry (?), n. See Fumitory. [Obs.]

Fum"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fumbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fumbling (?).] [Akin to D. fommelen to crumple, fumble, Sw. fumla to fusuble, famla to grope, Dan. famle to grope, fumble, Icel. falme, AS. folm palm of the hand. See Feel, and cf. Fanble, Palm.] 1. To feel or grope about; to make awkward attempts to do or find something.

Adams now began to fumble in his pockets.

Fielding.

2. To grope about in perplexity; to seek awkwardly; as, to fumble for an excuse. Dryden.

My understanding flutters and my memory fumbles.

Chesterfield.

Alas! how he fumbles about the domains.

Wordsworth.

3. To handle much; to play childishly; to turn over and over.

I saw him fumble with the sheets, and play with flowers.

Shak.

Fum"ble, v. t. To handle or manage awkwardly; to crowd or tumble together. Shak.

Fum"bler (?), n. One who fumbles.

Fum"bling*ly (?), adv. In the manner of one who fumbles.

Fume (fm), n. [L. fumus; akin to Skr. dhma smoke, dh to shake, fan a flame, cf. Gr. qy`ein to sacrifice, storm, rage, qy`mon, qy`mos, thyme, and perh. to E. dust: cf. OF. fum smoke, F. fumÈe. Cf. Dust, n., Femerell, Thyme.] 1. Exhalation; volatile matter (esp. noxious vapor or smoke) ascending in a dense body; smoke; vapor; reek; as, the fumes of tobacco.

The fumes of new shorn hay.

T. Warton.

The fumes of undigested wine.

Dryden.

2. Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control; as, the fumes of passion. South.

3. Anything vaporlike, unsubstantial, or airy; idle conceit; vain imagination.

A show of fumes and fancies.

Bacon.

4. The incense of praise; inordinate flattery.

To smother him with fumes and eulogies.

Burton.

In a fume, in ill temper, esp. from impatience.

Fume, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fuming.] [Cf. F. fumer, L. fumare to smoke. See Fume, n.] 1. To smoke; to throw off fumes, as in combustion or chemical action; to rise up, as vapor.

Where the golden altar fumed.

Milton.

Silenus lay, Whose constant cups lay fuming to his brain.

Roscommon.

2. To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied.

Keep his brain fuming.

Shak.

3. To pass off in fumes or vapors.

Their parts are kept from fuming away by their fixity.

Cheyne.

4. To be in a rage; to be hot with anger.

He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.

Dryden.

While her mother did fret, and her father did fume.

Sir W. Scott.

To fume away, to give way to excitement and displeasure; to storm; also, to pass off in fumes.

Fume, v. t. 1. To expose to the action of fumes; to treat with vapors, smoke, etc.; as, to bleach straw by fuming it with sulphur; to fill with fumes, vapors, odors, etc., as a room.

She fumed the temple with an odorous flame.

Dryden.

2. To praise inordinately; to flatter.

They demi-deify and fume him so.

Cowper.

3. To throw off in vapor, or as in the form of vapor.

The heat will fume away most of the scent.

Montimer.

How vicious hearts fume frenzy to the brain!

Young.

Fume"less, a. Free from fumes.

Fum"er (?), n. 1. One that fumes.

2. One who makes or uses perfumes. [Obs.]

Embroiderers, feather makers, fumers.

Beau. & Fl.

Fu"mer*ell (?), n. (Arch.) See Femerell.

Fu"met (?), n. [Cf. F. fumier dung, OF. femier, fr. L. fimus dung.] The dung of deer. B. Jonson.

{ Fu"met (?) ||Fu*mette" (?), } n. [F. fumet odor, fume of wine or meat, fr. L. fumus smoke. See Fume, n.] The stench or high flavor of game or other meat when kept long. Swift.

Fu"me*tere" (?), n. Fumitory. [Obs.]

Fu"mid (?), a. [L. fumidus, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume.] Smoky; vaporous. Sir T. Broune.

{ Fu*mid"i*ty (?), Fu"mid*ness (?) } n. The state of being fumid; smokiness.

Fu*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. fumifer; fumus smoke + ferre to bear.] Producing smoke.

Fu*mif"u*gist (?), n. [L. fumus smoke + fugare to put to flight, fugere to flee.] One who, or that which, drives away smoke or fumes.

Fu"mi*fy (?), v. t. [Fume + - fy.] To subject to the action of smoke. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Fu"mi*gant (?), a. [L. fumigans, p. pr. of fumigare. See Fumigate.] Fuming. [R.]

Fu"mi*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fumigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fumigating (?).] [L. fumigate, p. p. of fumigare to fumigate, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume, n.] 1. To apply smoke to; to expose to smoke or vapor; to purify, or free from infection, by the use of smoke or vapors.

2. To smoke; to perfume. Dryden.

Fum`iga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. fumigation.]

1. The act of fumigating, or applying smoke or vapor, as for disinfection.

2. Vapor raised in the process of fumigating.

Fu"mi*ga`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, fumigates; an apparattus for fumigating.

Fu"mi*ga*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. fumigatoire.] Having the quality of purifying by smoke. [R.]

<! p. 603 !>

Fum"i*ly (?), adv. Smokily; with fume.

Fum"ing, a. Producing fumes, or vapors.

Cadet's fuming liquid (Chem.), alkarsin. -- Fuming liquor of Libavius (Old Chem.), stannic chloride; the chloride of tin, SnCl4, forming a colorless, mobile liquid which fumes in the air. Mixed with water it solidifies to the so-called butter of tin. -- Fuming sulphuric acid. (Chem.) Same as Disulphuric acid, uder Disulphuric.

Fum"ing*ly, adv. In a fuming manner; angrily. "They answer fumingly." Hooker.

Fum"ish, a. Smoky; hot; choleric.

Fum"ish*ness, n. Choler; fretfulness; passion.

Fu"mi*ter` (?), n. (Bot.) Fumitory. [Obs.]

Fu"mi*to*ry (?), n. [OE. fumetere, F. fumeterre, prop., smoke of the ground, fr. L. fumus smoke + terra earth. See Fume, and Terrace.] (Bot.) The common uame of several species of the genus Fumaria, annual herbs of the Old World, with finely dissected leaves and small flowers in dense racemes or spikes. F. officinalis is a common species, and was formerly used as an antiscorbutic.

Climbing fumitory (Bot.), the Alleghany vine (Adlumia cirrhosa); a biennial climbing plant with elegant feathery leaves and large clusters of pretty white or pinkish flowers looking like grains of rice.

Fum"mel (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A hinny.

Fu*mos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. OF. fumositÈ.] The fumes of drink. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fum"ous (?), a. [L. fumosus, fr. fumus smoke: cf. F. fumeux.] 1. Producing smoke; smoky.

2. Producing fumes; full of fumes.

Garlic, onions, mustard, and such-like fumous things.

Barough (1625).

Fum"y (?), a. Producing fumes; fumous. "Drowned in fumy wine." H. Brooke.

Fun (?), n. [Perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. fonn pleasure.] Sport; merriment; frolicsome amusement. "Oddity, frolic, and fun." Goldsmith.

To make fun of, to hold up to, or turn into, ridicule.

Fu*nam"bu*late (?), v. i. [See Funambulo.] To walk or to dance on a rope.

Fu*nam"bu*la`tion (?), n. Ropedancing.

Fu*nam"bu*la`to*ry (?), a. 1. Performing like a ropedancer. Chambers.

2. Narrow, like the walk of a ropedancer.

This funambulatory track.

Sir T. Browne.

Fu*nam"bu*list (?), n. A ropewalker or ropedancer.

{ ||Fu*nam"bu*lo (?), ||Fu*nam"bu*lus (?) } n. [Sp. funambulo, or It. funambolo, fr. L. funambulus; funis rope (perh. akin to E. bind) + ambulare to walk. See Amble, and cf. Funambulist.] A ropewalker or ropedancer. [Obs.] Bacon.

Func"tion (?), n. [L. functio, fr. fungi to perform, execute, akin to Skr. bhuj to enjoy, have the use of: cf. F. fonction. Cf. Defunct.] 1. The act of executing or performing any duty, office, or calling; performance. "In the function of his public calling." Swift.

2. (Physiol.) The appropriate action of any special organ or part of an animal or vegetable organism; as, the function of the heart or the limbs; the function of leaves, sap, roots, etc.; life is the sum of the functions of the various organs and parts of the body.

3. The natural or assigned action of any power or faculty, as of the soul, or of the intellect; the exertion of an energy of some determinate kind.

As the mind opens, and its functions spread.

Pope.

4. The course of action which peculiarly pertains to any public officer in church or state; the activity appropriate to any business or profession.

Tradesmen . . . going about their functions.

Shak.

The malady which made him incapable of performing his regal
functions.

Macaulay.

5. (Math.) A quantity so connected with another quantity, that if any alteration be made in the latter there will be a consequent alteration in the former. Each quantity is said to be a function of the other. Thus, the circumference of a circle is a function of the diameter. If x be a symbol to which different numerical values can be assigned, such expressions as x2, 3x, Log. x, and Sin. x, are all functions of x.

Algebraic function, a quantity whose connection with the variable is expressed by an equation that involves only the algebraic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to a given power, and extracting a given root; -- opposed to transcendental function. -- Arbitrary function. See under Arbitrary. -- Calculus of functions. See under Calculus. -- Carnot's function (Thermo-dynamics), a relation between the amount of heat given off by a source of heat, and the work which can be done by it. It is approximately equal to the mechanical equivalent of the thermal unit divided by the number expressing the temperature in degrees of the air thermometer, reckoned from its zero of expansion. -- Circular functions. See Inverse trigonometrical functions (below). -- Continuous function, a quantity that has no interruption in the continuity of its real values, as the variable changes between any specified limits. -- Discontinuous function. See under Discontinuous. -- Elliptic functions, a large and important class of functions, so called because one of the forms expresses the relation of the arc of an ellipse to the straight lines connected therewith. -- Explicit function, a quantity directly expressed in terms of the independently varying quantity; thus, in the equations y = 6x2, y = 10 - x3, the quantity y is an explicit function of x. -- Implicit function, a quantity whose relation to the variable is expressed indirectly by an equation; thus, y in the equation x2 + y2 = 100 is an implicit function of x. -- Inverse trigonometrical functions, or Circular function, the lengths of arcs relative to the sines, tangents, etc. Thus, AB is the arc whose sine is BD, and (if the length of BD is x) is written sin -1x, and so of the other lines. See Trigonometrical function (below). Other transcendental functions are the exponential functions, the elliptic functions, the gamma functions, the theta functions, etc. -- One- valued function, a quantity that has one, and only one, value for each value of the variable. -- Transcendental functions, a quantity whose connection with the variable cannot be expressed by algebraic operations; thus, y in the equation y = 10x is a transcendental function of x. See Algebraic function (above). -- Trigonometrical function, a quantity whose relation to the variable is the same as that of a certain straight line drawn in a circle whose radius is unity, to the length of a corresponding are of the circle. Let AB be an arc in a circle, whose radius OA is unity let AC be a quadrant, and let OC, DB, and AF be drawnpependicular to OA, and EB and CG parallel to OA, and let OB be produced to G and F. E Then BD is the sine of the arc AB; OD or EB is the cosine, AF is the tangent, CG is the cotangent, OF is the secant OG is the cosecant, AD is the versed sine, and CE is the coversed sine of the are AB. If the length of AB be represented by x (OA being unity) then the lengths of Functions. these lines (OA being unity) are the trigonometrical functions of x, and are written sin x, cos x, tan x (or tang x), cot x, sec x, cosec x, versin x, coversin x. These quantities are also considered as functions of the angle BOA.

{ Func"tion (?), Func"tion*ate (?), } v. i. To execute or perform a function; to transact one's regular or appointed business.

Func"tion*al (?), a. 1. Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or duty; official.

2. (Physiol.) Pertaining to the function of an organ or part, or to the functions in general.

Functional disease (Med.), a disease of which the symptoms cannot be referred to any appreciable lesion or change of structure; the derangement of an organ arising from a cause, often unknown, external to itself opposed to organic disease, in which the organ itself is affected.

Func"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. To assign to some function or office. [R.]

Func"tion*al*ly, adv. In a functional manner; as regards normal or appropriate activity.

The organ is said to be functionally disordered.

Lawrence.

Func"tion*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Functionaries (#). [Cf. F. fonctionnaire.] One charged with the performance of a function or office; as, a public functionary; secular functionaries.

Func"tion*less, a. Destitute of function, or of an appropriate organ. Darwin.

Fund (?), n. [OF. font, fond, nom. fonz, bottom, ground, F. fond bottom, foundation, fonds fund, fr. L. fundus bottom, ground, foundation, piece of land. See Found to establish.] 1. An aggregation or deposit of resources from which supplies are or may be drawn for carrying on any work, or for maintaining existence.

2. A stock or capital; a sum of money appropriated as the foundation of some commercial or other operation undertaken with a view to profit; that reserve by means of which expenses and credit are supported; as, the fund of a bank, commercial house, manufacturing corporation, etc.

3. pl. The stock of a national debt; public securities; evidences (stocks or bonds) of money lent to government, for which interest is paid at prescribed intervals; -- called also public funds.

4. An invested sum, whose income is devoted to a specific object; as, the fund of an ecclesiastical society; a fund for the maintenance of lectures or poor students; also, money systematically collected to meet the expenses of some permanent object.

5. A store laid up, from which one may draw at pleasure; a supply; a full provision of resources; as, a fund of wisdom or good sense.

An inexhaustible fund of stories.

Macaulay.

Sinking fund, the aggregate of sums of money set apart and invested, usually at fixed intervals, for the extinguishment of the debt of a government, or of a corporation, by the accumulation of interest.

Fund, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Funded; p. pr. & vb. n. Funding.] 1. To provide and appropriate a fund or permanent revenue for the payment of the interest of; to make permanent provision of resources (as by a pledge of revenue from customs) for discharging the interest of or principal of; as, to fund government notes.

2. To place in a fund, as money.

3. To put into the form of bonds or stocks bearing regular interest; as, to fund the floating debt.

Fund"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being funded, or converted into a fund; convertible into bonds.

Fun"da*ment (?), n. [OE. fundament, fundement, fondement, OF. fundement, fondement, F. fondement, fr. L. fundamentum foundation, fr. fundare to lay the bottom, to found, fr. fundus bottom. See Fund.] 1. Foundation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. The part of the body on which one sits; the buttocks; specifically (Anat.), the anus. Hume.

Fun`da*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. fondamental.] Pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation. Hence: Essential, as an element, principle, or law; important; original; elementary; as, a fundamental truth; a fundamental axiom.

The fundamental reasons of this war.

Shak.

Some fundamental antithesis in nature.

Whewell.

Fundamental bass (Mus.), the root note of a chord; a bass formed of the roots or fundamental tones of the chords. -- Fundamental chord (Mus.), a chord, the lowest tone of which is its root. -- Fundamental colors, red, green, and violet-blue. See Primary colors, under Color.

Fun"da*men`tal, n. A leading or primary principle, rule, law, or article, which serves as the groundwork of a system; essential part, as, the fundamentals of the Christian faith.

Fun`da*men"tal*ly, adv. Primarily; originally; essentially; radically; at the foundation; in origin or constituents. "Fundamentally defective." Burke.

Fund"ed (?), a. 1. Existing in the form of bonds bearing regular interest; as, funded debt.

2. Invested in public funds; as, funded money.

Fund"hold"er (?), a. One who has money invested in the public funds. J. S. Mill.

Fund"ing, a. 1. Providing a fund for the payment of the interest or principal of a debt.

2. Investing in the public funds.

Funding system, a system or scheme of finance or revenue by which provision is made for paying the interest or principal of a public debt.

Fund"less, a. Destitute of funds.

||Fun"dus (fn"ds), n. [L., bottom.] (Anat.) The bottom or base of any ||hollow organ; as, the fundus of the bladder; the fundus of the eye.

Fu*ne"bri*al (f*n"br*al), a. [L. funebris belonging to a funeral, fr. funus funeral.] Pertaining to a funeral or funerals; funeral; funereal. [Obs.] [Written also funebral.] Sir T. Browne.

Fu*ne"bri*ous (?), a. Funebrial. [Obs.]

Fu"ner*al (f"nr*al), n. [LL. funeralia, prop. neut. pl. of funeralis of a funeral, fr. L. funus, funeris, funeral: cf. F. funÈrailles.] 1. The solemn rites used in the disposition of a dead human body, whether such disposition be by interment, burning, or otherwise; esp., the ceremony or solemnization of interment; obsequies; burial; -- formerly used in the plural.

King James his funerals were performed very solemnly in the
collegiate church at Westminster.

Euller.

2. The procession attending the burial of the dead; the show and accompaniments of an interment. "The long funerals." Pope.

3. A funeral sermon; -- usually in the plural. [Obs.]

Mr. Giles Lawrence preached his funerals.

South.

Fu"ner*al, a. [LL. funeralis. See Funeral, n.] Per. taining to a funeral; used at the interment of the dead; as, funeral rites, honors, or ceremonies. Shak.

Funeral pile, a structure of combustible material, upon which a dead body is placed to be reduced to ashes, as part of a funeral rite; a pyre.

-- Fu"ner*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Fu"ner*ate (?), v. t. [L. funeratus, p. p. of funerare to funerate, fr. funus. See Funeral.] To bury with funeral rites. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Fu`ner*a"tion (?), n. [L. funeratio.] The act of burying with funeral rites. [Obs.] Knatchbull.

Fu*ne"re*al (?), a. [L. funereus, fr. fentus a funeral.] Suiting a funeral; pertaining to burial; solemn. Hence: Dark; dismal; mournful. Jer. Taylor.

What seem to us but sad funereal tapers May be heaven's distant
lamps.

Longfellow.

-- Fu*ne"re*al*ly, adv.

Fu*nest" (?), a. [L. funestus, fr. funus a funeral, destruction: cf. F. funeste.] Lamentable; doleful. [R.] "Funest and direful deaths." Coleridge.

A forerunner of something very funest.

Evelyn.

Fun"gal (?), a. Of or pertaining to fungi.

Fun"gate (?), n. [Cf. F. fongate.] (Chem.) A salt of fungic acid. [Formerly written also fungiate.]

Funge (?), n. [L. fungus mushroom, dolt.] A blockhead; a dolt; a fool. [Obs.] Burton.

Fun"gi (?), n. pl. (Bot.) See Fungus.

||Fun"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. fongie.] ||(Zoˆl.) A genus of simple, stony corals; -- so called because they ||are usually flat and circular, with radiating plates, like the gills ||of a mushroom. Some of them are eighteen inches in diameter.

Fun"gi*an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the FungidÊ, a family of stony corals. -- n. One of the FungidÊ.

Fun"gi*bles (?), n. pl. [LL. (res) fungibiles, probably fr. L. fungi to discharge. "A barbarous term, supposed to have originated in the use of the words functionem recipere in the Digeste." Bouvier. "Called fungibiles, quia una alterius vice fungitur." John Taylor (1755). Cf. Function.] 1. (Civ. Law) Things which may be furnished or restored in kind, as distinguished from specific things; -- called also fungible things. Burrill.

2. (Scots Law) Movable goods which may be valued by weight or measure, in contradistinction from those which must be judged of individually. Jamieson.

Fun"gic (?), a. [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. fungique, fongique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, mushrooms; as, fungic acid.

Fun"gi*cide` (?), n. [Fungi + -cide, fr. L. caedere to kill.] Anything that kills fungi. -- Fun`gi*ci"dal (#), n.

Fun"gi*form (?), a. [Eungus + -form: cf. F. fongiforme.] Shaped like a fungus or mushroom.

Fungiform papillÊ (Anat.), numerous small, rounded eminences on the upper surface of the tongue.

Fun*gil"li*form (?), a. Shaped like a small fungus.

Fun"gin (?), n. [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F, fongine, fungine.] (Chem.) A name formerly given to cellulose found in certain fungi and mushrooms.

Fun"gite (?), n. [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. pongite.] (Paleon.) A fossil coral resembling Fungia.

Fun*giv"o*rous (?), a. [L. fungus + vorare to eat greedily: cf. F. fongivore.] (Zoˆl.) Eating fungi; -- said of certain insects and snails.

Fun"goid (?), a. [Fungus + - oil: cf. F. fongoÔde.] Like a fungus; fungous; spongy.

Fun*gol"o*gist (?), n. A mycologist.

Fun*gol"o*gy (?), n. [Fungus + -logy.] Mycology.

Fun*gos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. fungositÈ, fongositÈ.] The quality of that which is fungous; fungous excrescence. Dunglison.

Fun"gous (?), a. [L. fungosus: cf. F. fungueux.] 1. Of the nature of fungi; spongy.

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2. Growing suddenly, but not substantial or durable.

Fun"gus (?), n.; pl. L. Fungi (#), E. Funguses (#). [L., a mushroom; perh. akin to a doubtful Gr. &?; sponge, for &?;; if so, cf. E. sponge.] 1. (Bot.) Any one of the Fungi, a large and very complex group of thallophytes of low organization, -- the molds, mildews, rusts, smuts, mushrooms, toadstools, puff balls, and the allies of each.

The fungi are all destitute of chorophyll, and, therefore, to be supplied with elaborated nourishment, must live as saprophytes or parasites. They range in size from single microscopic cells to systems of entangled threads many feet in extent, which develop reproductive bodies as large as a man's head. The vegetative system consists of septate or rarely unseptate filaments called hyphÊ; the aggregation of hyphÊ into structures of more or less definite form is known as the mycelium. See Fungi, in the Supplement.

2. (Med.) A spongy, morbid growth or granulation in animal bodies, as the proud flesh of wounds. Hoblyn.

Fu"nic (?), a. (Anat.) Funicular.

Fu"ni*cle (?), n. [L. funiculus, dim. of funis cord, rope: cf. F. funicule funicle (in sense 2). Cf. Funambulo.] (Bot.) 1. A small cord, ligature, or fiber.

2. (Bot.) The little stalk that attaches a seed to the placenta.

Fu*nic"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. funiculaire.]

1. Consisting of a small cord or fiber.

2. Dependent on the tension of a cord.

3. (Anat.) Pertaining to a funiculus; made up of, or resembling, a funiculus, or funiculi; as, a funicular ligament.

Funicular action (Mech.), the force or action exerted by a rope in drawing together the supports to which its ends are Fastened, when acted upon by forces applied in a direction transverse to the rope, as in the archer's bow. -- Funicular curve. Same as Catenary. -- Funicular machine (Mech.), an apparatus for illustrating certain principles in statics, consisting of a cord or chain attached at one end to a fixed point, and having the other passed over a pulley and sustaining a weight, while one or more other weights are suspended from the cord at points between the fixed support and the pulley. -- Funicular polygon (Mech.), the polygonal figure assumed by a cord fastened at its extremities, and sustaining weights at different points.

Fu*nic"u*late (?), a. Forming a narrow ridge.

||Fu*nic"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Funiculi (#). [L., a little cord. See ||Funicle.] 1. (Anat.) A cord, baud, or bundle of fibers; esp., one of ||the small bundles of fibers, of which large nerves are made up; ||applied also to different bands of white matter in the brain and ||spinal cord.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) A short cord which connects the embryo of some myriapods with the amnion. (b) In Bryozoa, an organ extending back from the stomach. See Bryozoa, and Phylactolema.

Fu*nil"i*form (?), a. [L. funis rope + -form.] (Bot.) Resembling a cord in toughness and flexibility, as the roots of some endogenous trees.

||Fu"nis (?), n. [L., a rope. ] A cord; specifically, the umbilical ||cord or navel string.

Funk (?), n. [OE. funke a little fire; akin to Prov. E. funk touchwood, G. funke spark, and perh. to Goth. f&?;n fire.] An offensive smell; a stench. [Low]

Funk, v. t. To envelop with an offensive smell or smoke. [Obs.] King.

Funk, v. i. 1. To emit an offensive smell; to stink.

2. To be frightened, and shrink back; to flinch; as, to funk at the edge of a precipice. [Colloq.] C. Kingsley.

To funk out, to back out in a cowardly fashion. [Colloq.]

To funk right out o' political strife.

Lowell (Biglow Papers).

{ Funk, Funk"ing, } n. A shrinking back through fear. [Colloq.] "The horrid panic, or funk (as the men of Eton call it)." De Quincey.

Funk"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, great fear, or funking. [Colloq. Eng.]

Fun"nel (?), n. [OE. funel, fonel, prob. through OF. fr, L. fundibulum, infundibulum, funnel, fr. infundere to pour in; in in + fundere to pour; cf. Armor. founil funnel, W. ffynel air hole, chimney. See Fuse, v. t.] 1. A vessel of the shape of an inverted hollow cone, terminating below in a pipe, and used for conveying liquids into a close vessel; a tunnel.

2. A passage or avenue for a fluid or flowing substance; specifically, a smoke flue or pipe; the iron chimney of a steamship or the like.

Funnel box (Mining), an apparatus for collecting finely crushed ore from water. Knight. -- Funnel stay (Naut.), one of the ropes or rods steadying a steamer's funnel.

Fun"nel*form` (?), a. (Bot.) Having the form of a funnel, or tunnel; that is, expanding gradually from the bottom upward, as the corolla of some flowers; infundibuliform.

Fun"ny (?), a. [Compar. Funnier (?); superl. Funniest.] [From Fun.] Droll; comical; amusing; laughable.

Funny bone. See crazy bone, under Crazy.

Fun"ny, n.; pl. Funnies (&?;). A clinkerbuit, narrow boat for sculling. [Eng.]

Fur (f˚r), n. [OE. furre, OF. forre, fuerre, sheath, case, of German origin; cf. OHG. fuotar lining, case, G. futter; akin to Icel. fr lining, Goth. fdr, scabbard; cf. Skr. ptra vessel, dish. The German and Icel. words also have the sense, fodder, but this was probably a different word originally. Cf. Fodder food, Fother, v. t., Forel, n.] 1. The short, fine, soft hair of certain animals, growing thick on the skin, and distinguished from the hair, which is longer and coarser.

2. The skins of certain wild animals with the fur; peltry; as, a cargo of furs.

3. Strips of dressed skins with fur, used on garments for warmth or for ornament.

4. pl. Articles of clothing made of fur; as, a set of furs for a lady (a collar, tippet, or cape, muff, etc.).

Wrapped up in my furs.

Lady M. W. Montagu.

5. Any coating considered as resembling fur; as: (a) A coat of morbid matter collected on the tongue in persons affected with fever. (b) The soft, downy covering on the skin of a peach. (c) The deposit formed on the interior of boilers and other vessels by hard water.

6. (Her.) One of several patterns or diapers used as tinctures. There are nine in all, or, according to some writers, only six. See Tincture.

Fur (?), a. Of or pertaining to furs; bearing or made of fur; as, a fur cap; the fur trade.

Fur seal (Zoˆl.) one of several species of seals of the genera Callorhinus and Arclocephalus, inhabiting the North Pacific and the Antarctic oceans. They have a coat of fine and soft fur which is highly prized. The northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) breeds in vast numbers on the Prybilov Islands, off the coast of Alaska; -- called also sea bear.

Fur, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furring.] 1. To line, face, or cover with fur; as, furred robes. "You fur your gloves with reason." Shak.

2. To cover with morbid matter, as the tongue.

3. (Arch.) To nail small strips of board or larger scantling upon, in order to make a level surface for lathing or boarding, or to provide for a space or interval back of the plastered or boarded surface, as inside an outer wall, by way of protection against damp. Gwill.

Fu*ra"cious (?), a. [L. furax, -racis thievish, from fur thief.] Given to theft; thievish. [Obs.]

Fu*rac"i*ty (?), n. [L. furacitas.] Addictedness to theft; thievishness. [Obs.]

Fur"be*low (?), n. [Prov. F. farbala, equiv. to F. falbala, It. falbal‡.] A plaited or gathered flounce on a woman's garment.

Fur"be*low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furbelowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furbelowing.] To put a furbelow on; to ornament.

Fur"bish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furbished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furbishing.] [OE. forbischen, OF. forbir, furbir, fourbir, F. fourbir, fr. OHG. furban to clean. See -ish.] To rub or scour to brightness; to clean; to burnish; as, to furbish a sword or spear. Shak.

Furbish new the name of John a Gaunt.

Shak.

Fur"bish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being furbished.

Fur"bish*er (?), n. [Cf. F. fourbisseur.] One who furbishes; esp., a sword cutler, who finishes sword blades and similar weapons.

{ Fur"cate (?), Fur"ca*ted (?), } a. [L. furca fork. See Fork.] Forked; branching like a fork; as, furcate twigs.

Fur*ca"tion (?), n. A branching like a fork.

Fur*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L. furcifer yoke bearer, scoundrel; furca fork, yoke, fork-shaped instrument of punishment + ferre to bear.] Rascally; scandalous. [R.] "Furciferous knaves." De Quincey.

||Fur"cu*la (?), n. [L., a forked prop, dim. of furca a fork.] (Anat.) ||A forked process; the wishbone or furculum.

Fur"cu*lar (?), a. Shaped like a fork; furcate.

||Fur"cu*lum (?), n. [NL., dim. of L. furca a fork.] (Anat.) The ||wishbone or merrythought of birds, formed by the united clavicles.

Fur"dle (?), v. t. [See Fardel, and cf. Furl.] To draw up into a bundle; to roll up. [Ods.]

||Fur"fur (?), n. [L.] Scurf; dandruff.

Fur"fu*ra"ceous (?), a. [L. furfuraceus.] Made of bran; like bran; scurfy.

Fur"fu*ran (?), n. [L. furfur bran.] (Chem.) A colorless, oily substance, C4H4O, obtained by distilling certain organic substances, as pine wood, salts of pyromucic acid, etc.; -- called also tetraphenol.

Fur"fu*ra"tion (?), n. [L. furfur bran, scurf.] Falling of scurf from the head; desquamation.

Fur"fu*rine (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline base, obtained indirectly from furfurol.

Fur"fu*rol (?), n. [L. furfur bran + oleum oil.] (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid, C4H3O.CHO, of a pleasant odor, obtained by the distillation of bran, sugar, etc., and regarded as an aldehyde derivative of furfuran; -- called also furfural.

Fur"fu*rous (?), a. Made of bran; furfuraceous. [R.] "Furfurous bread." Sydney Smith.

Fu"ri*al (?), a. [L. furialis: cf. OF. furial.] Furious; raging; tormenting. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fu`ri*bun"dal (?), a. [L. furibundus, fr. furere to rage.] Full of rage. [Obs.] G. Harvey.

Fu"ries (?), n. pl. See Fury, 3.

Fu"rile (?), n. [Furfurol + benzile.] (Chem.) A yellow, crystalline substance, (C4H3O)2.C2O2, obtained by the oxidation of furoin. [Written also furil.]

Fu*ril"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, furile; as, furilic acid.

||Fu"ri*o"so (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) With great force or vigor; ||vehemently.

Fu"ri*ous (?), a. [L. furiosus, fr. furia rage, fury: cf. F. furieux. See Fury.] 1. Transported with passion or fury; raging; violent; as, a furious animal.

2. Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence; as, a furious stream; a furious wind or storm.

Syn. -- Impetuous; vehement; boisterous; fierce; turbulent; tumultuous; angry; mad; frantic; frenzied.

-- Fu"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Fu"ri*ous*ness, n.

Furl (f˚rl), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furled (f˚rl); p. pr. & vb. n. Furling.] [Contr. fr. furdle, fr. fardel bundle: cf. F. ferler to furl, OF. fardeler to pack. See Furdle, Fardel, and cf. Farl.] To draw up or gather into close compass; to wrap or roll, as a sail, close to the yard, stay, or mast, or, as a flag, close to or around its staff, securing it there by a gasket or line. Totten.

Fur"long (?), n. [OE. furlong, furlang, AS. furlang, furlung, prop., the length of a furrow; furh furrow + lang long. See Furrow, and Long, a.] A measure of length; the eighth part of a mile; forty rods; two hundred and twenty yards.

Fur"lough (?), n. [Prob. fr. D. verlof, fr. a prefix akin to E. for + the root of E. lief, and akin to Dan. forlov, Sw. fˆrlof, G. verlaub permission. See Life, a.] (Mil.) Leave of absence; especially, leave given to an officer or soldier to be absent from service for a certain time; also, the document granting leave of absence.

Fur"lough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furloughed (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Furloughing.] (Mil.) To furnish with a furlough; to grant leave of absence to, as to an officer or soldier.

{ Fur"mon*ty (?), Fur"mi*ty (?) } n. Same as Frumenty.

Fur"nace (?), n. [OE. fornais, forneis, OF. fornaise, F. fournaise, from L. fornax; akin to furnus oven, and prob. to E. forceps.] 1. An inclosed place in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals, for warming a house, for baking pottery, etc.; as, an iron furnace; a hot-air furnace; a glass furnace; a boiler furnace, etc.

Furnaces are classified as wind or air. furnaces when the fire is urged only by the natural draught; as blast furnaces, when the fire is urged by the injection artificially of a forcible current of air; and as reverberatory furnaces, when the flame, in passing to the chimney, is thrown down by a low arched roof upon the materials operated upon.

2. A place or time of punishment, affiction, or great trial; severe experience or discipline. Deut. iv. 20.

Bustamente furnace, a shaft furnace for roasting quicksilver ores. -- Furnace bridge, Same as Bridge wall. See Bridge, n., 5. -- Furnace cadmiam or cadmia, the oxide of zinc which accumulates in the chimneys of furnaces smelting zinciferous ores. Raymond. -- Furnace hoist (Iron Manuf.), a lift for raising ore, coal, etc., to the mouth of a blast furnace.

Fur"nace, n. 1. To throw out, or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a furnace. [Obs. or R.]

He furnaces The thick sighs from him.

Shak.

Fur"ni*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. fourniment. See Furnish.] Furniture. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fur"nish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furnished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furnishing.] [OF. furnir, fornir, to furnish, finish, F. fournir; akin to Pr. formir, furmir, fromir, to accomplish, satisfy, fr. OHG. frumjan to further, execute, do, akin to E. frame. See Frame, v. t., and - ish.] 1. To supply with anything necessary, useful, or appropriate; to provide; to equip; to fit out, or fit up; to adorn; as, to furnish a family with provisions; to furnish one with arms for defense; to furnish a Cable; to furnish the mind with ideas; to furnish one with knowledge or principles; to furnish an expedition or enterprise, a room or a house.

That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all
good works.

2 Tim. iii. 17,

2. To offer for use; to provide (something); to give (something); to afford; as, to furnish food to the hungry: to furnish arms for defense.

Ye are they . . . that furnish the drink offering unto that number.

Is. lxv. 11.

His writings and his life furnish abundant proofs that he was not a
man of strong sense.

Macaulay.

Fur"nish, n. That which is furnished as a specimen; a sample; a supply. [Obs.] Greene.

Fur"nish*er (?), n. One who supplies or fits out.

Fur"nish*ment (?), n. The act of furnishing, or of supplying furniture; also, furniture. [Obs.] Daniel.

Fur"ni*ture (?), n. [F. fourniture. See Furnish, v. t.] 1. That with which anything is furnished or supplied; supplies; outfit; equipment.

The form and all the furniture of the earth.

Tillotson.

The thoughts which make the furniture of their minds.

M. Arnold.

2. Articles used for convenience or decoration in a house or apartment, as tables, chairs, bedsteads, sofas, carpets, curtains, pictures, vases, etc.

3. The necessary appendages to anything, as to a machine, a carriage, a ship, etc. (a) (Naut.) The masts and rigging of a ship. (b) (Mil.) The mountings of a gun. (c) Builders' hardware such as locks, door and window trimmings. (d) (Print) Pieces of wood or metal of a lesser height than the type, placed around the pages or other matter in a form, and, with the quoins, serving to secure the form in its place in the chase.

4. (Mus.) A mixed or compound stop in an organ; -- sometimes called mixture.

Fu"ro*in (?), n. [See Furfurol.] (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline substance, C10H8O4, from furfurol.

Fu*ro"re (?), n. [It.] Excitement; commotion; enthusiasm.

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Fur"ri*er (?), n. [Cf. F. fourreur.] A dealer in furs; one who makes or sells fur goods.

Fur"ri*er*y (?), n. 1. Furs, in general. Tooke.

2. The business of a furrier; trade in furs.

Fur"ring (?), n. 1. (Carp.) (a) The leveling of a surface, or the preparing of an air space, by means of strips of board or of larger pieces. See Fur, v. t., 3. (b) The strips thus laid on.

2. (Shipbuilding) Double planking of a ship's side.

3. A deposit from water, as on the inside of a boiler; also, the operation of cleaning away this deposit.

Fur"row (?), n. [OE. forow, forgh, furgh, AS. furh; akin to D. voor, OHG. furuh, G. furche, Dan. fure, Sw. f&?;ra, Icel. for drain, L. porca ridge between two furrows.] 1. A trench in the earth made by, or as by, a plow.

2. Any trench, channel, or groove, as in wood or metal; a wrinkle on the face; as, the furrows of age.

Farrow weed a weed which grows on plowed land. Shak. -- To draw a straight furrow, to live correctly; not to deviate from the right line of duty. Lowell.

Fur"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furrowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furrowing.] [From Furrow, n.; cf. AS. fyrian.] 1. To cut a furrow in; to make furrows in; to plow; as, to furrow the ground or sea. Shak.

2. To mark with channels or with wrinkles.

Thou canst help time to furrow me with age.

Shak.

Fair cheeks were furrowed with hot tears.

Byron.

Fur"row*y (?), a. Furrowed. [R.] Tennyson.

Fur"ry (?), a. [From Fur.] 1. Covered with fur; dressed in fur. "Furry nations." Thomson.

2. Consisting of fur; as, furry spoils. Dryden.

3. Resembling fur.

Fur"ther (?), adv. [A comparative of forth; OE. further, forther, AS. fur&?;or, far&?;ur; akin to G. f¸rder. See Forth, adv.] To a greater distance; in addition; moreover. See Farther.

Carries us, I know not how much further, into familiar company.

M. Arnold.

They sdvanced us far as Eleusis and Thria; but no further.

Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Further off, not so near; apart by a greater distance.

Fur"ther, a. compar. [Positive wanting; superl. Furthest.] 1. More remote; at a greater distance; more in advance; farther; as, the further end of the field. See Farther.

2. Beyond; additional; as, a further reason for this opinion; nothing further to suggest.

The forms further and farther are in general not differentiated by writers, but further is preferred by many when application to quantity or degree is implied.

Fur"ther", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furthered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furthering.] [OE. furthren, forthren, AS. fyrran, fyrrian. See Further, adv.] To help forward; to promote; to advance; to forward; to help or assist.

This binds thee, then, to further my design.

Dryden.

I should nothing further the weal public.

Robynsom (More's Utopia).

Fur"ther*ance (?), n. The act of furthering or helping forward; promotion; advancement; progress.

I know that I shall abide and continue with you all for your
furthersnce and joy of faith.

Phil. i. 25.

Built of furtherance and pursuing, Not of spent deeds, but of
doing.

Emerson.

Fur"ther*er (?), n. One who furthers. or helps to advance; a promoter. Shak.

Fur"ther*more" (?), adv. or conj. Moreover; besides; in addition to what has been said.

Fur"ther*most" (?), a. Most remote; furthest.

Fur"ther*some (?), a. Tending to further, advance, or promote; helpful; advantageous. [R.]

You will not find it furthersome.

Carlyle.

Fur"thest (?), a. superl. Most remote; most in advance; farthest. See Further, a.

Fur"thest, adv. At the greatest distance; farthest.

Fur"tive (?), a. [L. furtivus, fr. furtum theft, fr. fur thief, akin to ferre to bear: cf. F. furtif. See Fertile.] Stolen; obtained or characterized by stealth; sly; secret; stealthy; as, a furtive look. Prior.

A hasty and furtive ceremony.

Hallam.

Fur"tive*ly, adv. Stealthily by theft. Lover.

Fu"run*cle (?), n. [L. furunculus a petty thief, a boil, dim. of fur thief: cf. F. furoncle.] (Med.) A superficial, inflammatory tumor, suppurating with a central core; a boil.

Fu*run"cu*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to a furuncle; marked by the presence of furuncles.

Fu"ry (?), n. [L. fur.] A thief. [Obs.]

Have an eye to your plate, for there be furies.

J. Fleteher.

Fu"ry, n.; pl. Furies (#). [L. furia, fr. furere to rage: cf. F. furie. Cf. Furor.] 1. Violent or extreme excitement; overmastering agitation or enthusiasm.

Her wit began to be with a divine fury inspired.

Sir P. Sidney.

2. Violent anger; extreme wrath; rage; -- sometimes applied to inanimate things, as the wind or storms; impetuosity; violence. "Fury of the wind." Shak.

I do oppose my patience to his fury.

Shak.

3. pl. (Greek Myth.) The avenging deities, Tisiphone, Alecto, and MegÊra; the Erinyes or Eumenides.

The Furies, they said, are attendants on justice, and if the sun in
heaven should transgress his path would punish him.

Emerson.

4. One of the ParcÊ, or Fates, esp. Atropos. [R.]

Comes the blind Fury with the abhorred shears, And slits the
thin-spun life.

Milton.

5. A stormy, turbulent violent woman; a hag; a vixen; a virago; a termagant.

Syn. -- Anger; indignation; resentment; wrath; ire; rage; vehemence; violence; fierceness; turbulence; madness; frenzy. See Anger.

Furze (?), n. [OE. firs, As. fyrs.] (Bot.) A thorny evergreen shrub (Ulex EuropÊus), with beautiful yellow flowers, very common upon the plains and hills of Great Britain; -- called also gorse, and whin. The dwarf furze is Ulex nanus.

Furze"chat" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The whinchat; -- called also furzechuck.

Furze"ling (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An English warbler (Melizophilus provincialis); -- called also furze wren, and Dartford warbler.

Furz"en (?), a. Furzy; gorsy. [Obs.] Holland.

Furz"y (?), a. Abounding in, or overgrown with, furze; characterized by furze. Gay.

||Fu"sain" (?), n. [F., the spindle tree; also, charcoal made from it.] ||(Fine Arts) (a) Fine charcoal of willow wood, used as a drawing ||implement. (b) A drawing made with it. See Charcoal, n. 2, and ||Charcoal drawing, under Charcoal.

Fu"sa*role (?), n. [F. fusarolle, fr. It. fusaruolo, fr. fuso spindle, shaft of a column. See Fusee a conical wheel.] (Arch.) A molding generally placed under the echinus or quarter round of capitals in the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders of architecture.

Fus*ca"tion (?), n. [L. fuscare, fuscatum, to make dark, fr. fuscus dark.] A darkening; obscurity; obfuscation. [R.] Blount.

Fus"cin (?), n. [L. fuscus dark- colored, tawny.] (Physiol. Chem.) A brown, nitrogenous pigment contained in the retinal epithelium; a variety of melanin.

Fus"cine (?), n. (Chem.) A dark-colored substance obtained from empyreumatic animal oil. [R.]

Fus"cous (?), a. [L. fuscus.] Brown or grayish black; darkish.

Sad and fuscous colors, as black or brown, or deep purple and the
like.

Burke.

Fuse (fz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fused (fzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Fusing.] [L. fusus, p. p. of fundere to pour, melt, cast. See Foundo to cast, and cf. Futile.] 1. To liquefy by heat; to render fluid; to dissolve; to melt.

2. To unite or blend, as if melted together.

Whose fancy fuses old and new.

Tennyson.

Fuse, v. i. 1. To be reduced from a solid to a fluid state by heat; to be melted; to melt.

2. To be blended, as if melted together.

Fusing point, the degree of temperature at which a substance melts; the point of fusion.

Fuse, n. [For fusee, fusil. See 2d Fusil.] (Gunnery, Mining, etc.) A tube or casing filled with combustible matter, by means of which a charge of powder is ignited, as in blasting; -- called also fuzee. See Fuze.

Fuse hole, the hole in a shell prepared for the reception of the fuse. Farrow.