Chapter XXXIII: Part 33

Gram, Gramme (?), n. [F. gramme, from Gr. ? that which is written, a letter, a small weight, fr. ? to write. See Graphic.] The unit of weight in the metric system. It was intended to be exactly, and is very nearly, equivalent to the weight in a vacuum of one cubic centimeter of pure water at its maximum density. It is equal to 15.432 grains. See Grain, n., 4.

Gram degree, or Gramme degree (Physics), a unit of heat, being the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of pure water one degree centigrade. -- Gram equivalent (Electrolysis), that quantity of the metal which will replace one gram of hydrogen.

Gra"ma grass` (?). [Sp. grama a sort of grass.] (Bot.) The name of several kinds of pasture grasses found in the Western United States, esp. the Bouteloua oligostachya.

Gram"a*rye (?), n. [OE. gramer, grameri, gramori, grammar, magic, OF. gramaire, F. grammaire. See Grammar.] Necromancy; magic. Sir W. Scott.

Gra*mash"es (?), n. pl. [See Gamashes.] Gaiters reaching to the knee; leggings.

Strong gramashes, or leggings of thick gray cloth.

Sir W. Scott.

Grame (?), n. [See Gram, a.] 1. Anger; wrath; scorn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Sorrow; grief; misery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gra*mer"cy (?), interj. [F. grand- merci. See Grand, and Mercy.] A word formerly used to express thankfulness, with surprise; many thanks.

Gramercy, Mammon, said the gentle knight.

Spenser.

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Gram"i*na"ceous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass.] Pertaining to, or resembling, the grasses; gramineous; as, graminaceous plants.

Gra*min"e*al (?), a. Gramineous.

Gra*min"e*ous (?), a. [L. gramineus, fr. gramen, graminis, grass.] (Bot.) Like, Or pertaining to, grass. See Grass, n., 2.

Gram"i*ni*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass + folium leaf.] (Bot.) Bearing leaves resembling those of grass.

Gram"i*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass + vorare to eat greedily.] Feeding or subsisting on grass, and the like food; -- said of horses, cattle, and other animals.

Gram"ma*logue (grm"m*lg), n. [Gr. gra`mma letter + lo`gos word. Cf. Logogram.] (Phonography) Literally, a letter word; a word represented by a logogram; as, it, represented by |, that is, t. Pitman.

Gram"mar (?), n. [OE. gramere, OF. gramaire, F. grammaire Prob. fr. L. gramatica Gr &?;, fem. of &?; skilled in grammar, fr. &?; letter. See Gramme, Graphic, and cf. Grammatical, Gramarye.] 1. The science which treats of the principles of language; the study of forms of speech, and their relations to one another; the art concerned with the right use and application of the rules of a language, in speaking or writing.

The whole fabric of grammar rests upon the classifying of words according to their function in the sentence. Bain.

2. The art of speaking or writing with correctness or according to established usage; speech considered with regard to the rules of a grammar.

The original bad grammar and bad spelling.

Macaulay.

3. A treatise on the principles of language; a book containing the principles and rules for correctness in speaking or writing.

4. treatise on the elements or principles of any science; as, a grammar of geography.

Comparative grammar, the science which determines the relations of kindred languages by examining and comparing their grammatical forms. -- Grammar school. (a) A school, usually endowed, in which Latin and Greek grammar are taught, as also other studies preparatory to colleges or universities; as, the famous Rugby Grammar School. This use of the word is more common in England than in the United States.

When any town shall increase to the number of a hundred families or
householders, they shall set up a grammar school, the master
thereof being able to instruct youth so far as they may be fitted
for the University.

Mass. Records (1647).

(b) In the American system of graded common schools an intermediate grade between the primary school and the high school, in which the principles of English grammar are taught.

Gram"mar, v. i. To discourse according to the rules of grammar; to use grammar. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Gram*ma"ri*an (?), n. [Cf. F. grammairien.] 1. One versed in grammar, or the construction of languages; a philologist.

"The term was used by the classic ancients as a term of honorable distinction for all who were considered learned in any art or faculty whatever." Brande & C.

2. One who writes on, or teaches, grammar.

Gram*ma"ri*an*ism (?), n. The principles, practices, or peculiarities of grammarians. [R.]

Gram"mar*less (?), a. Without grammar.

Gram"mates (?), n. pl. [From Gr. &?; letters, written rules.] Rudiments; first principles, as of grammar. [Obs.] Ford.

Gram*mat"ic (?), a. Grammatical.

Gram*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. grammaticus, grammaticalis; Gr. &?; skilled in grammar, knowing one's letters, from &?; a letter: cf. F. grammatical. See Grammar.] 1. Of or pertaining to grammar; of the nature of grammar; as, a grammatical rule.

2. According to the rules of grammar; grammatically correct; as, the sentence is not grammatical; the construction is not grammatical.

--Gram*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Gram*mat"ic*al*ness, n.

Gram*mat"icas"ter (?), n. [LL.] A petty grammarian; a grammatical pedant or pretender.

My noble Neophite, my little grammaticaster.

B. Jonson.

Gram*mat"i*ca"tion (?), n. A principle of grammar; a grammatical rule. [Obs.] Dalgarno.

Gram*mat"i*cism (?), n. A point or principle of grammar. Abp. Leighton.

Gram*mat"i*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grammaticized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grammaticizing (?).] To render grammatical. Fuller.

Gram"ma*tist (?), n. [L. grammatista schoolmaster, Gr. &?;, from &?; to teach the letters, to be a scribe: cf. F. grammatiste. See Grammatical.] A petty grammarian. [R] Tooke.

Gramme (?), n. Same as Gram the weight.

Gramme" ma*chine" (?). (Elec.) A kind of dynamo-electric machine; -- so named from its French inventor, M. Gramme. Knight.

Gram"pus (?), n.; pl. Grampuses (#). [Probably corrupted from It. gran pesce great fish, or Sp. gran pez, or Pg. gran peixe, all fr. L. grandis piscis. See Grand, and Fish. the animal.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A toothed delphinoid cetacean, of the genus Grampus, esp. G. griseus of Europe and America, which is valued for its oil. It grows to be fifteen to twenty feet long; its color is gray with white streaks. Called also cowfish. The California grampus is G. Stearnsii.

2. A kind of tongs used in a bloomery. [U.S.]

{ Gra*nade" (?), Gra*na"do (?), } n. See Grenade.

||Gran`a*dil"la (?), n. [Sp., dim. of granada pomegranate. See Grenade, ||Garnet.] (Bot.) The fruit of certain species of passion flower (esp. ||Passiflora quadrangularis) found in Brazil and the West Indies. It is ||as large as a child's head, and is a good dessert fruit. The fruit of ||Passiflora edulis is used for flavoring ices.

Gran"a*ry (?), n.; pl. Granaries (#). [L. granarium, fr. granum grain. See Garner.] A storehouse or repository for grain, esp. after it is thrashed or husked; a cornhouse; also (Fig.), a region fertile in grain.

The exhaustless granary of a world.

Thomson.

Gran"ate (?), n. See Garnet.

Gra*na"tin (?), n. [L. granatum the pomegranate.] (Chem.) Mannite; -- so called because found in the pomegranate.

Gran"a*tite (?), n. See Staurolite.

Grand (?), a. [Compar. Grander (?); superl. Grandest.] [OE. grant, grount, OF. grant, F. grand, fr. L. grandis; perh. akin to gravis heavy, E. grave, a. Cf. Grandee.] 1. Of large size or extent; great; extensive; hence, relatively great; greatest; chief; principal; as, a grand mountain; a grand army; a grand mistake. "Our grand foe, Satan." Milton.

Making so bold . . . to unseal Their grand commission.

Shak.

2. Great in size, and fine or imposing in appearance or impression; illustrious, dignifled, or noble (said of persons); majestic, splendid, magnificent, or sublime (said of things); as, a grand monarch; a grand lord; a grand general; a grand view; a grand conception.

They are the highest models of expression, the unapproached masters
of the grand style.

M. Arnold.

3. Having higher rank or more dignity, size, or importance than other persons or things of the same name; as, a grand lodge; a grand vizier; a grand piano, etc.

4. Standing in the second or some more remote degree of parentage or descent; -- generalIy used in composition; as, grandfather, grandson, grandchild, etc.

What cause Mov'd our grand parents, in that happy state, Favor'd of
Heaven so highly, to fall off From their Creator.

Milton.

Grand action, a pianoforte action, used in grand pianos, in which special devices are employed to obtain perfect action of the hammer in striking and leaving the string. -- Grand Army of the Republic, an organized voluntary association of men who served in the Union army or navy during the civil war in the United States. The order has chapters, called Posts, throughout the country. -- Grand cross. (a) The highest rank of knighthood in the Order of the Bath. (b) A knight grand cross. -- Grand cordon, the cordon or broad ribbon, identified with the highest grade in certain honorary orders; hence, a person who holds that grade. -- Grand days (Eng. Law), certain days in the terms which are observed as holidays in the inns of court and chancery (Candlemas, Ascension, St. John Baptist's, and All Saints' Days); called also Dies non juridici. -- Grand duchess. (a) The wife or widow of a grand duke. (b) A lady having the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right. (c) In Russia, a daughter of the Czar. -- Grand duke. (a) A sovereign duke, inferior in rank to a king; as, the Grand Duke of Tuscany. (b) In Russia, a son of the Czar. (c) (Zoˆl.) The European great horned owl or eagle owl (Bubo maximas). -- Grand- guard, or Grandegarde, a piece of plate armor used in tournaments as an extra protection for the left shoulder and breast. -- Grand juror, a member of a grand jury. -- Grand jury (Law), a jury of not less than twelve men, and not more than twenty-three, whose duty it is, in private session, to examine into accusations against persons charged with crime, and if they see just cause, then to find bills of indictment against them, to be presented to the court; -- called also grand inquest. -- Grand juryman, a grand juror. -- Grand larceny. (Law) See under Larceny. -- Grand lodge, the chief lodge, or governing body, among Freemasons and other secret orders. -- Grand master. (a) The head of one of the military orders of knighthood, as the Templars, Hospitallers, etc. (b) The head of the order of Freemasons or of Good Templars, etc. -- Grand paunch, a glutton or gourmand. [Obs.] Holland. -- Grand pensionary. See under Pensionary. -- Grand piano (Mus.), a large piano, usually harp-shaped, in which the wires or strings are generally triplicated, increasing the power, and all the mechanism is introduced in the most effective manner, regardless of the size of the instrument. -- Grand relief (Sculp.), alto relievo. -- Grand Seignior. See under Seignior. -- Grand stand, the principal stand, or erection for spectators, at a, race course, etc. -- Grand vicar (Eccl.), a principal vicar; an ecclesiastical delegate in France. -- Grand vizier. See under Vizier.

Syn. -- Magnificent; sublime; majestic; dignified; elevated; stately; august; pompous; lofty; eralted; noble. -- Grand, Magnificent, Sublime. Grand, in reference to objects of taste, is applied to that which expands the mind by a sense of vastness and majesty; magnificent is applied to anything which is imposing from its splendor; sublime describes that which is awful and elevating. A cataract is grand; a rich and varied landscape is magnificent; an overhanging precipice is sublime. "Grandeur admits of degrees and modifications; but magnificence is that which has already reached the highest degree of superiority naturally belonging to the object in question." Crabb.

Gran"dam (?), n. [F. grande, fem. of grand + dame. See Grand, and Dame.] An old woman; specifically, a grandmother. Shak.

Grand"aunt" (?), n. [Cf. F. grand'tante.] The aunt of one's father or mother.

Grand"child" (?), n. A son's or daughter's child; a child in the second degree of descent.

Grand"daugh"ter (?), n. The daughter of one's son or daughter.

Grand"-du"cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a grand duke. H. James.

Gran*dee" (?), n. [Sp. grande. See Grand.] A man of elevated rank or station; a nobleman. In Spain, a nobleman of the first rank, who may be covered in the king's presence.

Gran*dee"ship, n. The rank or estate of a grandee; lordship. H. Swinburne.

Gran"deur (?), n. [F., fr. grand. See Grand.] The state or quality of being grand; vastness; greatness; splendor; magnificence; stateliness; sublimity; dignity; elevation of thought or expression; nobility of action.

Nor doth this grandeur and majestic show Of luxury . . . allure
mine eye.

Milton.

Syn. -- Sublimity; majesty; stateliness; augustness; loftiness. See Sublimity.

Gran*dev"i*ty (?), n. [L. grandaevitas.] Great age; long life. [Obs.] Glanvill.

Gran*de"vous (?), a. [L. grandaevus; grandig grand+ aevum lifetime, age.] Of great age; aged; longlived. [R.] Bailey.

Grand"fa"ther (?), n. A father's or mother's father; an ancestor in the next degree above the father or mother in lineal ascent.

Grandfather longlegs. (Zoˆl.) See Daddy longlegs.

Grand"fa"ther*ly, a. Like a grandfather in age or manner; kind; benignant; indulgent.

He was a grandfatherly sort of personage.

Hawthorne.

Gran*dif"ic (?), a. [L. grandificus; grandis grand + facere to make.] Making great. [R.] Bailey.

Gran*dil"o*quence (?), n. The use of lofty words or phrases; bombast; -- usually in a bad sense.

The sin of grandiloquence or tall talking.

Thackeray,

Gran*dil"o*quent (?), a. [L. grandis grand + logui to speak.] Speaking in a lofty style; pompous; bombastic.

Gran*dil"o*quous (?), a. [L. grandiloquus; grandis grand + loqui to apeak.] Grandiloquent.

Gran"di*nous (?), a. [L. grandinosus, fr. qrando, grandinis, hail.] Consisting of hail; abounding in hail. [R.] Bailey.

Gran"di*ose" (?), a. [F. grandiose, It. grandioso. See Grand.] 1. Impressive or elevating in effect; imposing; splendid; striking; -- in a good sense.

The tone of the parts was to be perpetually kept down in order not
to impair the grandiose effect of the whole.

M. Arnold.

The grandiose red tulips which grow wild.

C. Kingsley.

2. Characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor; flaunting; turgid; bombastic; -- in a bad sense; as, a grandiose style.

Gran"di*os"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. grandiositÈ, It. grandiosit‡.] The state or quality of being grandiose,

Grand"i*ty (?), n. [L. granditas: cf. OF. granitÈ. See Grand.] Grandness. [Obs.] Camden.

Grand"ly, adv. In a grand manner.

{ Grand"ma" (?), Grand"mam*ma" (?), } n. A grandmother.

Grand" mer"cy (?). See Gramercy. [Obs.]

Grand"moth"er (?), n. The mother of one's father or mother.

Grand"moth"er*ly, a. Like a grandmother in age or manner; kind; indulgent.

Grand"neph"ew (?), n. The grandson of one's brother or sister.

Grand"ness, n. Grandeur. Wollaston.

Grand"niece" (?), n. The granddaughter of one's brother or sister.

{ Grand"pa" (?), Grand"pa*pa" (?), } n. A grandfather.

Grand"sire" (?), n. [OF. grantsire. See Grand, and Sire.] Specifically, a grandfather; more generally, any ancestor.

Grand"son" (?), n. A son's or daughter's son.

Grand"un"cle (?), n. [Cf. F. grand- oncle.] A father's or mother's uncle.

Grane (?), v. & n. See Groan. [Obs.]

Grange (?), n. [F. grange barn, LL. granea, from L. granum grain. See Grain a kernel.] 1. A building for storing grain; a granary. [Obs.] Milton.

2. A farmhouse, with the barns and other buildings for farming purposes.

And eke an officer out for to ride, To see her granges and her
bernes wide.

Chaucer.

Nor burnt the grange, nor bussed the milking maid.

Tennyson.

3. A farmhouse of a monastery, where the rents and tithes, paid in grain, were deposited. [Obs.]

4. A farm; generally, a farm with a house at a distance from neighbors.

5. An association of farmers, designed to further their interests, and particularly to bring producers and consumers, farmers and manufacturers, into direct commercial relations, without intervention of middlemen or traders. The first grange was organized in 1867. [U. S.]

Gran"ger (?), n. 1. A farm steward. [Obs.]

2. A member of a grange. [U. S.]

Gran"ger*ism (?), n. [So called from the Rev. James Granger, whose "Biographical History of England" (1769) was a favorite book for illustration in this manner.] The practice of illustrating a particular book by engravings collected from other books.

Gran"ger*ite (?), n. One who collects illustrations from various books for the decoration of one book.

Gran"ger*ize (?), v. t. & i. To collect (illustrations from books) for decoration of other books. G. A. Sala.

Gra*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. qranifer; granum grain + ferre to bear: cf. F. granifËre.] Bearing grain, or seeds like grain. Humble.

Gran"i*form (?), a. [L. granum grain + -form; cf. F. graniforme.] Formed like of corn.

||Gra*nil"la (?), n. [Sp., small seed.] Small grains or dust of ||cochineal or the coccus insect.

Gran"ite (?), n. [It. granito granite, adj., grainy, p. p. of granire to make grainy, fr. L. granum grain; cf. F. granit. See Grain.] (Geol.) A crystalline, granular rock, consisting of quartz, feldspar, and mica, and usually of a whitish, grayish, or flesh-red color. It differs from gneiss in not having the mica in planes, and therefore in being destitute of a schistose structure.

Varieties containing hornblende are common. See also the Note under Mica.

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Gneissoid granite, granite in which the mica has traces of a regular arrangement. -- Graphic granite, granite consisting of quartz and feldspar without mica, and having the quartz crystals so arranged in the transverse section like oriental characters. -- Porphyritic granite, granite containing feldspar in distinct crystals. -- Hornblende granite, or Syenitic granite, granite containing hornblende as well as mica, or, according to some authorities hornblende replacing the mica. -- Granite ware. (a) A kind of stoneware. (b) A Kind of ironware, coated with an enamel resembling granite.

Gran"ite State. New Hampshire; -- a nickname alluding to its mountains, which are chiefly of granite. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Gra*nit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. granitique.] 1. Like granite in composition, color, etc.; having the nature of granite; as, granitic texture.

2. Consisting of granite; as, granitic mountains.

Gra*nit"ic*al (?), a. Granitic.

Gra*nit`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Granite + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See - fy.] The act or the process of forming into granite. Humble.

Gra*nit"i*form (?), a. [Granite + -form.] (Geol.) Resembling granite in structure or shape.

Gran"i*toid (?), a. [Granite + -oid: cf. F. granitoÔde.] Resembling granite in granular appearance; as, granitoid gneiss; a granitoid pavement.

Gra*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. granum grain + vorare to devour: cf. F. granivore.] Eating grain; feeding or subsisting on seeds; as, granivorous birds. Gay.

Gran"nam (?), n. A grandam. [Colloq.]

Gran"ny (?), n. A grandmother; a grandam; familiarly, an old woman.

Granny's bend, or Granny's knot (Naut.), a kind of insecure knot or hitch; a reef knot crossed the wrong way.

Gran`o*lith"ic (?), n. [L. granum a grain (or E. granite) + -lith + -ic.] A kind of hard artificial stone, used for pavements.

Grant (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Granted; p. pr. & vb. n. Granting.] [OE. graunten, granten, OF. graanter, craanter, creanter, to promise, yield, LL. creantare to promise, assure, for (assumed LL.) credentare to make believe, fr. L. credens, p. pr. of credere to believe. See Creed, Credit.] 1. To give over; to make conveyance of; to give the possession or title of; to convey; -- usually in answer to petition.

Grant me the place of this threshing floor.

1 Chrcn. xxi. 22.

2. To bestow or confer, with or without compensation, particularly in answer to prayer or request; to give.

Wherefore did God grant me my request.

Milton.

3. To admit as true what is not yet satisfactorily proved; to yield belief to; to allow; to yield; to concede.

Grant that the Fates have firmed by their decree.

Dryden.

Syn.-- To give; confer; bestow; convey; transfer; admit; allow; concede. See Give.

Grant, v. i. To assent; to consent. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Grant, n. [OE. grant, graunt, OF. graant, creant, promise, assurance. See Grant, v. t.] 1. The act of granting; a bestowing or conferring; concession; allowance; permission.

2. The yielding or admission of something in dispute.

3. The thing or property granted; a gift; a boon.

4. (Law) A transfer of property by deed or writing; especially, au appropriation or conveyance made by the government; as, a grant of land or of money; also, the deed or writing by which the transfer is made.

Formerly, in English law, the term was specifically applied to transfrrs of incorporeal hereditaments, expectant estates, and letters patent from government and such is its present application in some of the United States. But now, in England the usual mode of transferring realty is by grant; and so, in some of the United States, the term grant is applied to conveyances of every kind of real property. Bouvier. Burrill.

Grant"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being granted.

Gran*tee" (?), n. (Law) The person to whom a grant or conveyance is made.

His grace will not survive the poor grantee he despises.

Burke.

Grant"er (?), n. One who grants.

Grant"or (?), n. (Law) The person by whom a grant or conveyance is made.

Gran"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. granulaire. See Granule.] Consisting of, or resembling, grains; as, a granular substance.

Granular limestone, crystalline limestone, or marble, having a granular structure.

Gran"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In a granular form.

Gran"u*la*ry (?), a. Granular.

Gran"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Granulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Granulating (?).] [See Granule.] 1. To form into grains or small masses; as, to granulate powder, sugar, or metal.

2. To raise in granules or small asperities; to make rough on the surface.

Gran"u*late, v. i. To collect or be formed into grains; as, cane juice granulates into sugar.

{ Gran"u*late (?), Gran"u*la`ted (?), } a. 1. Consisting of, or resembling, grains; crystallized in grains; granular; as, granulated sugar.

2. Having numerous small elevations, as shagreen.

Granulated steel, a variety of steel made by a particular process beginning with the granulation of pig iron.

Gran`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. granulation.] 1. The act or process of forming or crystallizing into grains; as, the granulation of powder and sugar.

2. The state of being granulated.

3. (Med.) (a) One of the small, red, grainlike prominences which form on a raw surface (that of wounds or ulcers), and are the efficient agents in the process of healing. (b) The act or process of the formation of such prominences.

Gran"ule (?), n. [L. granulum, dim. of granum grain: cf. F. granule. See Grain a kernel.] A little grain a small particle; a pellet.

Gran`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Granule + -ferous.] Full of granulations.

Gra*nu"li*form (?), a. [Granule + -form.] (Min.) Having a granular structure; granular; as, granuliform limestone.

Gran"u*lite (?), n. [From Granule.] (Geol.) A whitish, granular rock, consisting of feldspar and quartz intimately mixed; -- sometimes called whitestone, and leptynite.

Gran"u*lose` (?), n. [From Granule.] (Physiol. Chem.) The main constituent of the starch grain or granule, in distinction from the framework of cellulose. Unlike cellulose, it is colored blue by iodine, and is converted into dextrin and sugar by boiling acids and amylolytic ferments.

Gran"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. granuleux.] Full of grains; abounding with granular substances; granular.

Grape (?), n. [OF. grape, crape, bunch or cluster of grapes, F. grappe, akin to F. grappin grapnel, hook; fr. OHG. chrapfo hook, G. krapfen, akin to E. cramp. The sense seems to have come from the idea of clutching. Cf. Agraffe, Cramp, Grapnel, Grapple.] 1. (Bot.) A well-known edible berry growing in pendent clusters or bunches on the grapevine. The berries are smooth-skinned, have a juicy pulp, and are cultivated in great quantities for table use and for making wine and raisins.

2. (Bot.) The plant which bears this fruit; the grapevine.

3. (Man.) A mangy tumor on the leg of a horse.

4. (Mil.) Grapeshot.

Grape borer. (Zoˆl.) See Vine borer. -- Grape curculio (Zoˆl.), a minute black weevil (Craponius inÊqualis) which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes. -- Grape flower, or Grape hyacinth (Bot.), a liliaceous plant (Muscari racemosum) with small blue globular flowers in a dense raceme. -- Grape fungus (Bot.), a fungus (Oidium Tuckeri) on grapevines; vine mildew. -- Grape hopper (Zoˆl.), a small yellow and red hemipterous insect, often very injurious to the leaves of the grapevine. -- Grape moth (Zoˆl.), a small moth (Eudemis botrana), which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes, and often binds them together with silk. -- Grape of a cannon, the cascabel or knob at the breech. -- Grape sugar. See Glucose. -- Grape worm (Zoˆl.), the larva of the grape moth. -- Sour grapes, things which persons affect to despise because they can not possess them; -- in allusion to ∆sop's fable of the fox and the grapes.

Grape" fruit`. The shaddock.

Grape"less, a. Wanting grapes or the flavor of grapes.

Grap"er*y (?), n. A building or inclosure used for the cultivation of grapes.

Grape"shot` (?), n. (Mil.) A cluster, usually nine in number, of small iron balls, put together by means of cast-iron circular plates at top and bottom, with two rings, and a central connecting rod, in order to be used as a charge for a cannon. Formerly grapeshot were inclosed in canvas bags.

Grape"stone` (?), n. A seed of the grape.

Grape"vine` (?), n. (Bot.) A vine or climbing shrub, of the genus Vitis, having small green flowers and lobed leaves, and bearing the fruit called grapes.

The common grapevine of the Old World is Vitis vinifera, and is a native of Central Asia. Another variety is that yielding small seedless grapes commonly called Zante currants. The northern Fox grape of the United States is the V. Labrusca, from which, by cultivation, has come the Isabella variety. The southern Fox grape, or Muscadine, is the V. vulpina. The Frost grape is V. cordifolia, which has very fragrant flowers, and ripens after the early frosts.

-graph (-grf) [From Gr. gra`fein to write. See Graphic.] A suffix signifying something written, a writing; also, a writer; as autograph, crystograph, telegraph, photograph.

{ Graph"ic (grf"k), Graph"ic*al (-*kal) }, a. [L. graphicus, Gr. grafiko`s, fr. gra`fein to write; cf. F. graphique. See Graft.] 1. Of or pertaining to the arts of painting and drawing.

2. Of or pertaining to the art of writing.

3. Written or engraved; formed of letters or lines.

The finger of God hath left an inscription upon all his works, not
graphical, or composed of letters.

Sir T. Browne.

4. Well delineated; clearly and vividly described.

5. Having the faculty of, or characterized by, clear and impressive description; vivid; as, a graphic writer.

Graphic algebra, a branch of algebra in which, the properties of equations are treated by the use of curves and straight lines. -- Graphic arts, a name given to those fine arts which pertain to the representation on a flat surface of natural objects; as distinguished from music, etc., and also from sculpture. -- Graphic formula. (Chem.) See under Formula. -- Graphic granite. See under Granite. -- Graphic method, the method of scientific analysis or investigation, in which the relations or laws involved in tabular numbers are represented to the eye by means of curves or other figures; as the daily changes of weather by means of curves, the abscissas of which represent the hours of the day, and the ordinates the corresponding degrees of temperature. -- Graphical statics (Math.), a branch of statics, in which the magnitude, direction, and position of forces are represented by straight lines -- Graphic tellurium. See Sylvanite.>

Graph"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a graphic manner; vividly.

{ Graph"ic*ness, Graph"ic*al*ness, } n. The quality or state of being graphic.

Graph"ics (?), n. The art or the science of drawing; esp. of drawing according to mathematical rules, as in perspective, projection, and the like.

Graph"i*scope (?), n. See Graphoscope.

Graph"ite (?), n. [Gr. gra`fein to write: cf. F. graphite. See Graphic.] (Min.) Native carbon in hexagonal crystals, also foliated or granular massive, of black color and metallic luster, and so soft as to leave a trace on paper. It is used for pencils (improperly called lead pencils), for crucibles, and as a lubricator, etc. Often called plumbago or black lead.

Graphite battery (Elec.), a voltaic battery consisting of zinc and carbon in sulphuric acid, or other exciting liquid.

Gra*phit"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, containing, derived from, or resembling, graphite.

Graphitic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, so called because obtained by the oxidation of graphite; -- usually called mellitic acid. -- Graphitic carbon, in iron or steel, that portion of the carbon which is present as graphite. Raymond.

{ Graph"i*toid (?), Graph"i*toid"al (?), } a. Resembling graphite or plumbago.

Graph"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. gra`fein to write + -lite: cf. F. grapholithe.] Any species of slate suitable to be written on.

Gra*phol"o*gy (gr*fl"*j), n. [Gr. gra`fein to write + - logy: cf. F. graphologie.] The art of judging of a person's character, disposition, and aptitude from his handwriting.

Graph"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. gra`fein to write + -scope.] An optical instrument for magnifying engravings, photographs, etc., usually having one large lens and two smaller ones.

Graph"o*type (?), n. [Gr. gra`fein to write + -type.] (Engraving) A process for producing a design upon a surface in relief so that it can be printed from. Prepared chalk or oxide of zinc is pressed upon a smooth plate by a hydraulic press, and the design is drawn upon this in a peculiar ink which hardens the surface wherever it is applied. The surface is then carefully rubbed or brushed, leaving the lines in relief.

-gra*phy (?). [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; write. See Graphic.] A suffix denoting the art of writing or describing; also, the writing or description itself; a treatise; as, calligraphy, biography, geography.

Grap"nel (?), n. [OE. grapenel, dim. fr. F. grappin the grapple of a ship; of German origin. See Grape.] (Naut.) A small anchor, with four or five flukes or claws, used to hold boats or small vessels; hence, any instrument designed to grapple or hold; a grappling iron; a grab; -- written also grapline, and crapnel.

Grap"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grappled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grappling (?).] [F. grappiller, OF. graypil the grapple of a ship, fr. graper to pluck, prop., to seize, clutch; of German origin. See Grape.] 1. To seize; to lay fast hold of; to attack at close quarters: as, to grapple an antagonist.

2. To fasten, as with a grapple; to fix; to join indissolubly.

The gallies were grappled to the Centurion.

Hakluyt.

Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel.

Shak.

Grap"ple, v. i. To use a grapple; to contend in close fight; to attach one's self as if by a grapple, as in wrestling; to close; to seize one another.

To grapple with, to enter into contest with, resolutely and courageously.

And in my standard bear the arms of York, To grapple with the house
of Lancaster.

Shak.

Grap"ple, n. [See Grapple, v. t., and cf. Crapple.] 1. A seizing or seizure; close hug in contest; the wrestler's hold. Milton.

2. (a) An instrument, usually with hinged claws, for seizing and holding fast to an object; a grab. (b) (Naut.) A grappling iron.

The iron hooks and grapples keen.

Spenser.

Grapple plant (Bot.), a South African herb (Herpagophytum leptocarpum) having the woody fruits armed with long hooked or barbed thorns by which they adhere to cattle, causing intense annoyance. -- Grapple shot (Life-saving Service), a projectile, to which are attached hinged claws to catch in a ship's rigging or to hold in the ground; - - called also anchor shot.

Grapple*ment (?), n. A grappling; close fight or embrace. [Obs.] Spenser.

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Grap"pling (?), n. 1. A laying fast ho1d of; also, that by which anything is seized and held, a grapnel.

2. A grapple; a struggle. A match for yards in fight, in grappling for the bear. Dryden.

Grappling iron, a hooked iron used for grappling and holding fast a vessel or other object. -- Grappling tongs, broad-mouthed tongs for gathering oysters.

Grap"soid (?), a. [NL. Grapsus + - oid.] (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the genus Grapsus or the family GrapsidÊ. -- n. A grapsoid crab.

Grap"to*lite (?), n. [NL, Graptolithus, from Gr. &?; is engraved, written (gra`fein to write) + &?; stone.] (Paleon.) One of numerous species of slender and delicate fossils, of the genus Graptolites and allied genera, found in the Silurian rocks. They belong to an extinct group (Graptolithina) supposed to be hydroids.

Grap"to*lit`ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to graptolites; containing graptolites; as, a graptolitic slate.

Grap"y (?), a. Composed of, or resembling, grapes.

The grapy clusters.

Addison.

Grasp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grasper (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Qraspine.] [OE. graspen; prob. akin to LG. grupsen, or to E. grope. Cf. Grab, Grope.] 1. To seize and hold by clasping or embracing with the fingers or arms; to catch to take possession of.

Thy hand is made to grasp a palmer's staff.

Shak.

2. To lay hold of with the mind; to become thoroughly acquainted or conversant with; to comprehend.

Grasp, v. i. To effect a grasp; to make the motion of grasping; to clutch; to struggle; to strive.

As one that grasped And tugged for life and was by strength
subdued.

Shak.

To grasp at, to catch at; to try to seize; as, Alexander grasped at universal empire,

Grasp, n. 1. A gripe or seizure of the hand; a seizure by embrace, or infolding in the arms. "The grasps of love." Shak.

2. Reach of the arms; hence, the power of seizing and holding; as, it was beyond his grasp.

3. Forcible possession; hold.

The whole space that's in the tyrant's grasp.

Shak.

4. Wide-reaching power of intellect to comprehend subjects and hold them under survey.

The foremost minds of the next . . . era were not, in power of
grasp, equal to their predecessors.

Z. Taylor.

5. The handle of a sword or of an oar.

Grasp"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being grasped.

Grasp"er (?), n. One who grasps or seizes; one who catches or holds.

Grasp"ing, a. 1. Seizing; embracing; catching.

2. Avaricious; greedy of gain; covetous; close; miserly; as, he is a grasping man. -- Grasp"ing*ly, adv. -- Grasp"ing*ness, n.

Grasp"less, a. Without a grasp; relaxed.

From my graspless hand Drop friendship's precious pearls.

Coleridge.

Grass (?), n. [OE. gras, gres, gers, AS, grÊs, gÊrs; akin to OFries. gres, gers, OS., D., G., Icel., & Goth. gras, Dan. grÊs, Sw. gr‰s, and prob. to E. green, grow. Cf. Graze.] 1. Popularly: Herbage; the plants which constitute the food of cattle and other beasts; pasture.

2. (Bot.) An endogenous plant having simple leaves, a stem generally jointed and tubular, the husks or glumes in pairs, and the seed single.

This definition includes wheat, rye, oats, barley, etc., and excludes clover and some other plants which are commonly called by the name of grass. The grasses form a numerous family of plants.

3. The season of fresh grass; spring. [Colloq.]

Two years old next grass.

Latham.

4. Metaphorically used for what is transitory.

Surely the people is grass.

Is. xl. 7.

The following list includes most of the grasses of the United States of special interest, except cereals. Many of these terms will be found with definitions in the Vocabulary. See Illustrations in Appendix.

Barnyard grass, for hay. South. Panicum Grus- galli.

Bent, pasture and hay. Agrostis, several species.

Bermuda grass, pasture. South. Cynodon Dactylon.

Black bent. Same as Switch grass (below).

Blue bent, hay. North and West. Andropogon provincialis.

Blue grass, pasture. Poa compressa.

Blue joint, hay. Northwest. Aqropyrum glaucum.

Buffalo grass, grazing. Rocky Mts., etc. (a) BuchloÎ dectyloides. (b) Same as Grama grass (below).

Bunch grass, grazing. Far West. Eriocoma, Festuca, Stips, etc.

Chess, or Cheat, a weed. Bromus secalinus, etc.

Couch grass. Same as Quick grass (below).

Crab grass, (a) Hay, in South. A weed, in North. Panicum sanguinale. (b) Pasture and hay. South. Eleusine Indica.

Darnel (a) Bearded, a noxious weed. Lolium temulentum. (b) Common. Same as Rye grass (below).

Drop seed, fair for forage and hay. Muhlenbergia, several species.

English grass. Same as Redtop (below).

Fowl meadow grass. (a) Pasture and hay. Poa serotina. (b) Hay, on moist land. Gryceria nervata.

Gama grass, cut fodder. South. Tripsacum dactyloides.

Grama grass, grazing. West and Pacific slope. Bouteloua oligostachya, etc.

Great bunch grass, pasture and hay. Far West. Festuca scabrella.

Guinea grass, hay. South. Panicum jumentorum.

Herd's grass, in New England Timothy, in Pennsylvania and South Redtop.

Indian grass. Same as Wood grass (below).

Italian rye grass, forage and hay. Lolium Italicum.

Johnson grass, grazing and hay. South and Southwest. Sorghum Halepense.

Kentucky blue grass, pasture. Poa pratensis.

Lyme grass, coarse hay. South. Elymus, several species.

Manna grass, pasture and hay. Glyceria, several species.

Meadow fescue, pasture and hay. Festuca elatior.

Meadow foxtail, pasture, hay, lawn. North. Alopecurus pratensis.

Meadow grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Poa, several species.

Mesquite, or Muskit grass. Same as Grama grass (above).

Nimble Will, a kind of drop seed. Muhlenbergia diffsa.

Orchard grass, pasture and hay. Dactylis glomerata.

Porcupine grass, troublesome to sheep. Northwest. Stipa spartea.

Quaking grass, ornamental. Briza media and maxima.

Quitch, or Quick, grass, etc., a weed. Agropyrum repens.

Ray grass. Same as Rye grass (below).

Redtop, pasture and hay. Agrostis vulgaris.

Red-topped buffalo grass, forage. Northwest. Poa tenuifolia.

Reed canary grass, of slight value. Phalaris arundinacea.

Reed meadow grass, hay. North. Glyceria aquatica.

Ribbon grass, a striped leaved form of Reed canary grass.

Rye grass, pasture, hay. Lolium perenne, var.

Seneca grass, fragrant basket work, etc. North. Hierochloa borealis.

Sesame grass. Same as Gama grass (above).

Sheep's fescue, sheep pasture, native in Northern Europe and Asia. Festuca ovina.

Small reed grass, meadow pasture and hay. North. Deyeuxia Canadensis.

Spear grass, Same as Meadow grass (above).

Squirrel-tail grass, troublesome to animals. Seacoast and Northwest. Hordeum jubatum.

Switch grass, hay, cut young. Panicum virgatum.

Timothy, cut young, the best of hay. North. Phleum pratense.

Velvet grass, hay on poor soil. South. Holcus lanatus.

Vernal grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Anthoxanthum odoratum.

Wire grass, valuable in pastures. Poa compressa.

Wood grass, Indian grass, hay. Chrysopogon nutans.

Many plants are popularly called grasses which are not true grasses botanically considered, such as black grass, goose grass, star grass, etc.

Black grass, a kind of small rush (Juncus Gerardi), growing in salt marshes, used for making salt hay. -- Grass of the Andes, an oat grass, the Arrhenatherum avenaceum of Europe.-- Grass of Parnassus, a plant of the genus Parnassia growing in wet ground. The European species is P. palustris; in the United States there are several species. -- Grass bass (Zoˆl.), the calico bass. -- Grass bird, the dunlin. -- Grass cloth, a cloth woven from the tough fibers of the grass-cloth plant. -- Grass-cloth plant, a perennial herb of the Nettle family (Búhmeria nivea or Urtica nivea), which grows in Sumatra, China, and Assam, whose inner bark has fine and strong fibers suited for textile purposes. -- Grass finch. (Zoˆl.) (a) A common American sparrow (PoˆcÊtes gramineus); -- called also vesper sparrow and bay-winged bunting. (b) Any Australian finch, of the genus PoÎphila, of which several species are known. -- Grass lamb, a lamb suckled by a dam running on pasture land and giving rich milk.-- Grass land, land kept in grass and not tilled. -- Grass moth (Zoˆl.), one of many small moths of the genus Crambus, found in grass. -- Grass oil, a fragrant essential volatile oil, obtained in India from grasses of the genus Andropogon, etc.; -- used in perfumery under the name of citronella, ginger grass oil, lemon grass oil, essence of verbena etc. -- Grass owl (Zoˆl.), a South African owl (Strix Capensis). -- Grass parrakeet (Zoˆl.), any of several species of Australian parrots, of the genus Euphemia; -- also applied to the zebra parrakeet. -- Grass plover (Zoˆl.), the upland or field plover. -- Grass poly (Bot.), a species of willowwort (Lythrum Hyssopifolia). Johnson. -- Crass quit (Zoˆl.), one of several tropical American finches of the genus Euetheia. The males have most of the head and chest black and often marked with yellow. -- Grass snake. (Zoˆl.) (a) The common English, or ringed, snake (Tropidonotus natrix). (b) The common green snake of the Northern United States. See Green snake, under Green. -- Grass snipe (Zoˆl.), the pectoral sandpiper (Tringa maculata); -- called also jacksnipe in America. -- Grass spider (Zoˆl.), a common spider (Agelena nÊvia), which spins flat webs on grass, conspicuous when covered with dew. -- Grass sponge (Zoˆl.), an inferior kind of commercial sponge from Florida and the Bahamas. -- Grass table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth. -- Grass vetch (Bot.), a vetch (Lathyrus Nissolia), with narrow grasslike leaves. -- Grass widow. [Cf. Prov. R. an unmarried mother, G. strohwittwe a mock widow, Sw. gr‰senka a grass widow.] (a) An unmarried woman who is a mother. [Obs.] (b) A woman separated from her husband by abandonment or prolonged absence; a woman living apart from her husband. [Slang.] -- Grass wrack (Bot.) eelgrass. -- To bring to grass (Mining.), to raise, as ore, to the surface of the ground. -- To put to grass, To put out to grass, to put out to graze a season, as cattle.

Grass (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grassing.] 1. To cover with grass or with turf.

2. To expose, as flax, on the grass for bleaching, etc.

3. To bring to the grass or ground; to land; as, to grass a fish. [Colloq.]

Grass (?), v. i. To produce grass. [R.] Tusser.

Gras*sa"tion (?), n. [L. grassatio, from grassari to go about.] A wandering about with evil intentions; a rioting. [Obs. & R.] Feltham.

Grass"-green` (?), a. 1. Green with grass.

2. Of the color of grass; clear and vivid green.

Grass"-grown` (?), a. Overgrown with grass; as, a grass-grown road.

Grass"hop`per (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) Any jumping, orthopterous insect, of the families AcrididÊ and LocustidÊ. The species and genera are very numerous. The former family includes the Western grasshopper or locust (Caloptenus spretus), noted for the great extent of its ravages in the region beyond the Mississippi. In the Eastern United States the red-legged (Caloptenus femurrubrum and C. atlanis) are closely related species, but their ravages are less important. They are closely related to the migratory locusts of the Old World. See Locust.

The meadow or green grasshoppers belong to the LocustidÊ. They have long antennÊ, large ovipositors, and stridulating organs at the base of the wings in the male. The European great green grasshopper (Locusta viridissima) belongs to this family. The common American green species mostly belong to Xiphidium, Orchelimum, and Conocephalus.

2. In ordinary square or upright pianos of London make, the escapement lever or jack, so made that it can be taken out and replaced with the key; -- called also the hopper. Grove.

Grasshopper engine, a steam engine having a working beam with its fulcrum at one end, the steam cylinder at the other end, and the connecting rod at an intermediate point. -- Grasshopper lobster (Zoˆl.) a young lobster. [Local, U. S.] -- Grasshopper warbler (Zoˆl.), cricket bird.

Grass"i*ness (?), n. [From Grassy.] The state of abounding with grass; a grassy state.

Grass"less, a. Destitute of grass.

Grass"plot` (?), n. A plot or space covered with grass; a lawn. "Here on this grassplot." Shak.

Grass" tree" (?). (Bot.) (a) An Australian plant of the genus Xanthorrhúa, having a thick trunk crowned with a dense tuft of pendulous, grasslike leaves, from the center of which arises a long stem, bearing at its summit a dense flower spike looking somewhat like a large cat-tail. These plants are often called "blackboys" from the large trunks denuded and blackened by fire. They yield two kinds of fragrant resin, called Botany-bay gum, and Gum Acaroides. (b) A similar Australian plant (Kingia australis).

Grass"y (?) a. 1. Covered with grass; abounding with grass; as, a grassy lawn. Spenser.

2. Resembling grass; green.

Grate (?), a. [L. gratus agreeable, grateful: cf. It. & Sp. grato. See Grace, and cf. Agree.] Serving to gratify; agreeable. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

Grate, n. [LL. grata, fr. L. crates hurdle; or It. grata, of the same origin. Sae Crate, Hurdle.] 1. A structure or frame containing parallel or crosed bars, with interstices; a kind of latticework, such as is used ia the windows of prisons and cloisters. "A secret grate of iron bars." Shak.

2. A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars, for holding fuel while burning.

Grate surface (Steam, Boiler) the area of the surface of the grate upon which the fuel lies in the furnace.

Grate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grated; p. pr. &. vb. n. Grating.] To furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars; as, to grate a window.

Grate, v. t. [OF grater to scrape, scratch, F. gratter, LL. gratare, cratare; of German origin; cf. OHG. chrazzn G. kratzen, D. krassen, Sw. Kratta, and perh. E. scratch.] 1. To rub roughly or harshly, as one body against another, causing a harsh sound; as, to grate the teeth; to produce (a harsh sound) by rubbing.

On their hinges grate Harsh thunder.

Milton.

2. To reduce to small particles by rubbing with anything rough or indented; as, to grate a nutmeg.

3. To fret; to irritate; to offend.

News, my good lord Rome . . . grates me.

Shak.

Grate, v. i. 1. To make a harsh sound by friction.

I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned, Or a dry wheel grate on
the exletree.

Shak.

2. To produce the effect of rubbing with a hard rough material; to cause wearing, tearing, or bruising. Hence; To produce exasperation, soreness, or grief; to offend by oppression or importunity.

This grated harder upon the hearts of men.

South.

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Grat"ed (?), a. [From 2d Grate.] Furnished with a grate or grating; as, grated windows.

Grate"ful (?), a. [Grate, a. + full; cf. F. grÈ thanks, good will, fr. L. gratum, neut. of gratus agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a.] 1. Having a due sense of benefits received; kindly disposed toward one from whom a favor has been received; willing to acknowledge and repay, or give thanks for, benefits; as, a grateful heart.

A grateful mind By owing, owes not, but still pays.

Milton.

2. Affording pleasure; pleasing to the senses; gratifying; delicious; as, a grateful present; food grateful to the palate; grateful sleep.

Now golden fruits on loaded branches shine, And grateful clusters
swell.

Pope.

Syn. -- Thankful; pleasing; acceptable; gratifying; agreeable; welcome; delightful; delicious.

-- Grate"ful*ly, adv. -- Grate"ful*ness, n.

Grat"er (?), a. [From Qrate, v.] One who, or that which, grates; especially, an instrument or utensil with a rough, indented surface, for rubbing off small particles of any substance; as a grater for nutmegs.

Gra*tic"u*la"tion (?), n. [F. graticulation, craticulation, fr. graticuler, craticuler, to square, fr. graticule, craticule, graticule, L. craticula, dim. of crates wickerwork. See 2d Grate.] The division of a design or draught into squares, in order the more easily to reproduce it in larger or smaller dimensions.

Grat"i*cule (?), n. [F. See Graticulation.] A design or draught which has been divided into squares, in order to reproduce it in other dimensions.

Grat"i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. gratificatio: cf. F. gratification.] 1. The act of gratifying, or pleasing, either the mind, the taste, or the appetite; as, the gratification of the palate, of the appetites, of the senses, of the desires, of the heart.

2. That which affords pleasure; satisfaction; enjoyment; fruition: delight.

3. A reward; a recompense; a gratuity. Bp. Morton.

Grat"i*fied (?), a. Pleased; indulged according to desire.

Syn. -- Glad; pleased. See Glad.

Grat"i*fi"er (?), n. One who gratifies or pleases.

Grat"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gratified (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Gratifying (#).] [F. gratifier, L. gratificari; gratus pleasing + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See - fy.] 1. To please; to give pleasure to; to satisfy; to soothe; to indulge; as, to gratify the taste, the appetite, the senses, the desires, the mind, etc.

For who would die to gratify a foe?

Dryden.

2. To requite; to recompense. [Obs.]

It remains . . . To gratify his noble service.

Shak.

Syn. -- To indulge; humor please; delight; requite; recompense. -- To Gratify, Indulge, Humor. Gratify, is the generic term, and has reference simply to the pleasure communicated. To indulge a person implies that we concede something to his wishes or his weaknesses which he could not claim, and which had better, perhaps, be spared. To humor is to adapt ourselves to the varying moods, and, perhaps, caprices, of others. We gratify a child by showing him the sights of a large city; we indulge him in some extra expense on such an occasion; we humor him when he is tired and exacting.

Grat"ing (?), n. [See 2d Grate.] 1. A partition, covering, or frame of parallel or cross bars; a latticework resembling a window grate; as, the grating of a prison or convent.

2. (Optics) A system of close equidistant and parallel lines lines or bars, especially lines ruled on a polished surface, used for producing spectra by diffraction; -- called also diffraction grating.

3. pl. (Naut.) The strong wooden lattice used to cover a hatch, admitting light and air; also, a movable Lattice used for the flooring of boats. [1913 Webster]

Grat"ing, a. [See Grate to rub harshy.] That grates; making a harsh sound; harsh. -- Grat"ing*ly, adv.

Grat"ing, n. A harsh sound caused by attrition.

Gra*ti"o*lin (?), n. (Chem.) One of the essential principles of the hedge hyssop (Gratiola officinalis).

Gra"tis (?), adv. [L., contr. fr. gratiis out of favor or kindness, without recompense, for nothing, fr. gratia favor. See Grace.] For nothing; without fee or recompense; freely; gratuitously.

Grat"i*tude (?), n. [F. gratitude, LL. gratitudo, from gratus agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a.] The state of being grateful; warm and friendly feeling toward a benefactor; kindness awakened by a favor received; thankfulness.

The debt immense of endless gratitude.

Milton.

Gra*tu"i*tous (?) a. [L. gratuitus, from gratus pleasing. See Grate, a., Gratis.] 1. Given without an equivalent or recompense; conferred without valuable consideration; granted without pay, or without claim or merit; not required by justice.

We mistake the gratuitous blessings of Heaven for the fruits of our
own industry.

L'Estrange.

2. Not called for by the circumstances; without reason, cause, or proof; adopted or asserted without any good ground; as, a gratuitous assumption.

Acts of gratuitous self- humiliation.

De Quincye.

-- Gra*tu"i*tous*ly, adv. -- Gra*tu"i*tous*ness, n.

Gra*tu"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Gratuities (#). [F. gratuitÈ, or LL. gratuitas.] 1. Something given freely or without recompense; a free gift; a present. Swift.

2. Something voluntarily given in return for a favor or service, as a recompense or acknowledgment.

Grat"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grqatulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gratulating (?).] [L. gratulatus, p. p. of gratulari to congratulate, fr. gratus pleasing, agreeable. See Grate, a.] To salute with declaration of joy; to congratulate. [R.] Shak.

Grat"u*late (?), a. Worthy of gratulation. [Obs.]

There's more behind that is more gratulate.

Shak.

Grat"u*la"tion (?), n. [L. gratulatio.] The act of gratulating or felicitating; congratulation.

I shall turn my wishes into gratulations.

South.

Grat"u*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. gratulatorius.] Expressing gratulation or joy; congratulatory.

The usual groundwork of such gratulatory odes.

Bp. Horsley.

Graunt (?), v. & n. [Obs.] See Grant. Chaucer.

||Grau"wack*e (?), n. [G.] Graywacke.

||Gra*va"men (?), n.; pl. L. Gravamina (#), E. Gravamens (#). [L., fr. ||gravare to load, burden, fr. gravis heavy, weighty. See Grave, a.] ||(Law) The grievance complained of; the substantial cause of the ||action; also, in general, the ground or essence of a complaint. ||Bouvier.

-grave (?). A final syllable signifying a ruler, as in landgrave, margrave. See Margrave.

Grave (?), v. t. (Naut.) To clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc., and pay it over with pitch; -- so called because graves or greaves was formerly used for this purpose.

Grave, a. [Compar. Graver (grv"r); superl. Gravest.] [F., fr. L. gravis heavy; cf. It. & Sp. grave heavy, grave. See Grief.] 1. Of great weight; heavy; ponderous. [Obs.]

His shield grave and great.

Chapman.

2. Of importance; momentous; weighty; influential; sedate; serious; -- said of character, relations, etc.; as, grave deportment, character, influence, etc.

Most potent, grave, and reverend seigniors.

Shak.

A grave and prudent law, full of moral equity.

Milton.

3. Not light or gay; solemn; sober; plain; as, a grave color; a grave face.

4. (Mus.) (a) Not acute or sharp; low; deep; -- said of sound; as, a grave note or key.

The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is the note or tone.

Moore (Encyc. of Music).

(b) Slow and solemn in movement.

Grave accent. (Pron.) See the Note under Accent, n., 2.

Syn. -- Solemn; sober; serious; sage; staid; demure; thoughtful; sedate; weighty; momentous; important. -- Grave, Sober, Serious, Solemn. Sober supposes the absence of all exhilaration of spirits, and is opposed to gay or flighty; as, sober thought. Serious implies considerateness or reflection, and is opposed to jocose or sportive; as, serious and important concerns. Grave denotes a state of mind, appearance, etc., which results from the pressure of weighty interests, and is opposed to hilarity of feeling or vivacity of manner; as, a qrave remark; qrave attire. Solemn is applied to a case in which gravity is carried to its highest point; as, a solemn admonition; a solemn promise.

Grave, v. t. [imp. Graved (grvd); p. p. Graven (grv"'n) or Graved; p. pr. & vb. n. Graving.] [AS. grafan to dig, grave, engrave; akin to OFries. greva, D. graven, G. graben, OHG. & Goth. graban, Dan. grabe, Sw. gr‰fva, Icel. grafa, but prob. not to Gr. gra`fein to write, E. graphic. Cf. Grave, n., Grove, n.]

1. To dig. [Obs.] Chaucer.

He hath graven and digged up a pit.