Chapter XXII: Part 22

Fu*see" (?), n. [See 2d Fusil, and cf. Fuse, n.] 1. A flintlock gun. See 2d Fusil. [Obs.]

2. A fuse. See Fuse, n.

3. A kind of match for lighting a pipe or cigar.

Fu*see", n. [Etymol. uncertain.] The track of a buck. Ainsworth.

Fu*see", n. [F. fusÈe a spindleful, fusee, LL. fusata, fr. fusare to use a spindle, L. fusus spindle.] (a) The cone or conical wheel of a watch or clock, designed to equalize the power of the mainspring by having the chain from the barrel which contains the spring wind in a spiral groove on the surface of the cone in such a manner that the diameter of the cone at the point where the chain acts may correspond with the degree of tension of the spring. (b) A similar wheel used in other machinery.

Fu"sel (?), n., Fu"sel oil. [G. fusel bad liquor.] (Chem.) A hot, acrid, oily liquid, accompanying many alcoholic liquors (as potato whisky, corn whisky, etc.), as an undesirable ingredient, and consisting of several of the higher alcohols and compound ethers, but particularly of amyl alcohol; hence, specifically applied to amyl alcohol.

Fu"si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. fusibilitÈ.] The quality of being fusible.

Fu"si*ble (?), a. [F. fusible. See Fuse, v. t.] CapabIe of being melted or liquefied.

Fusible metal, any alloy of different metals capable of being easily fused, especially an alloy of five parts of bismuth, three of lead, and two of tin, which melts at a temperature below that of boiling water. Ure. -- Fusible plug (Steam Boiler), a piece of easily fusible alloy, placed in one of the sheets and intended to melt and blow off the steam in case of low water.

Fu"si*form (?), a. [L. fusus spindle + -form: cf. F. fusiforme.] Shaped like a spindle; tapering at each end; as, a fusiform root; a fusiform cell.

Fu"sil (?), a. [L. fusilis molten, fluid, fr. fundere, fusum, to pour, cast. See Fuse, v. t.] 1. Capable of being melted or rendered fluid by heat; fusible. [R.] "A kind of fusil marble" Woodward.

2. Running or flowing, as a liquid. [R.] "A fusil sea." J. Philips.

3. Formed by melting and pouring into a mold; cast; founded. [Obs.] Milton.

Fu"sil (?), n. [F. fusil, LL. fosile a steel for kindling fire, from L. focus hearth, fireplace, in LL. fire. See Focus, and cf. Fusee a firelock.] A light kind of flintlock musket, formerly in use.

Fu"sil, n. [See 3d Fusee.] (Her.) A bearing of a rhomboidal figure; -- named from its shape, which resembles that of a spindle.

It differs from a lozenge in being longer in proportion to its width.

Fu"sile (?), a. Same as Fusil, a.

{ Fu"sil*eer", Fu"sil*ier" } (?), n. [F. fusilier, fr. fusil.] (Mil.) (a) Formerly, a soldier armed with a fusil. Hence, in the plural: (b) A title now borne by some regiments and companies; as, "The Royal Fusiliers," etc.

Fu"sil*lade" (?), n. [F. fusillade, cf. It. fucilata. See Fusil a firelock.] (Mil.) A simultaneous discharge of firearms.

Fu"sil*lade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fusillader; p. pr. & vb. n. Fusillading.] To shoot down of shoot at by a simultaneous discharge of firearms.

Fu"sion (?), n. [L. fusio, fr. fundere, fusum to pour, melt: cf. F. fusion. See Fuse, v. t., and cf. Foison.] 1. The act or operation of melting or rendering fluid by heat; the act of melting together; as, the fusion of metals.

2. The state of being melted or dissolved by heat; a state of fluidity or flowing in consequence of heat; as, metals in fusion.

3. The union or blending together of things, as, melted together.

The universal fusion of races, languages, and customs . . . had
produced a corresponding fusion of creeds.

C. Kingsley.

Watery fusion (Chem.) the melting of certain crystals by heat in their own water of crystallization.

4. (Biol.) The union, or binding together, of adjacent parts or tissues.

Fu"some (?), a. [AS. f&?;san to hasten, fr. f&?;s ready, prompt, quick; akin to OS. f&?;s, OHG. funs, Icel. fuss willing; prob. from the root of E. find.] Handy; reat; handsome; notable. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Fuss (?), n. [Cf. Fusome.] 1. A tumult; a bustle; unnecessary or annoying ado about trifles. Byron.

Zealously, assiduously, and with a minimum of fuss or noise

Carlyle.

2. One who is unduly anxious about trifles. [R.]

I am a fuss and I don't deny it.

W. D. Howell.

Fuss, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fussed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fussing.] To be overbusy or unduly anxious about trifles; to make a bustle or ado. Sir W. Scott.

Fuss"i*ly (?), adv. In a fussy manner. Byron.

Fuss"i*ness, n. The quality of being fussy.

Fuss"y (?), a. [Compar. Fussier (?); superl Fussiest.] Making a fuss; disposed to make an unnecessary ado about trifles; overnice; fidgety.

Not at all fussy about his personal appearance.

R. G. White.

Fust (fst), n. [OF. fust, F. f˚t, fr. L. fustis stick staff.] (Arch.) The shaft of a column, or trunk of a pilaster. Gwilt.

Fust, n. [OF. fust cask, F. f˚t cask, taste or smell of the cask, fustiness, cf. sentir le f˚t to taste of the cask. See 1st Fust.] A strong, musty smell; mustiness.

Fust, v. i. To become moldy; to smell ill. [Obs.]

Fust"ed, a. Moldy; ill- smelling. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Fus"ter*ic (?), n. The coloring matter of fustet. Ure.

Fus"tet (?), n. [F. fustet (cf. Sp. & Pg. fustete), LL. fustetus, fr. L. fustis stick, in LL., tree, See 1st Fust, and cf. Fustic.] The wood of the Rhus Cotinus or Venice sumach, a shrub of Southern Europe, which yields a fine orange color, which, however, is not durable without a mordant. Ure.

Fus"tian (?), n. [OE. fustan, fustian, OF. fustaine, F. futaine, It. fustagno, fr. LL. fustaneum, fustanum; cf. Pr. fustani, Sp. fustan. So called from Fustt, i. e., Cairo, where it was made.] 1. A kind of coarse twilled cotton or cotton and linen stuff, including corduroy, velveteen, etc.

2. An inflated style of writing; a kind of writing in which high-sounding words are used, above the dignity of the thoughts or subject; bombast.

Claudius . . . has run his description into the most wretched
fustian.

Addison.

Fus"tian, a. 1. Made of fustian.

2. Pompous; ridiculously tumid; inflated; bombastic; as, fustian history. Walpole.

Fus"tian*ist, n. A writer of fustian. [R.] Milton.

Fus"tic (?), n. [F. fustoc, Sp. fustoc. Cf. Fustet.] The wood of the Maclura tinctoria, a tree growing in the West Indies, used in dyeing yellow; -- called also old fustic. [Written also fustoc.]

Other kinds of yellow wood are often called fustic; as that of species of Xanthoxylum, and especially the Rhus Cotinus, which is sometimes called young fustic to distinguish it from the Maclura. See Fustet.

Fus"ti*gate (?), v. t. [L. fustigare, fr. fustis stick. See 1st Fust.] To cudgel. [R.] Bailey.

Fus"ti*ga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. fustigation.] A punishment by beating with a stick or club; cudgeling.

This satire, composed of actual fustigation.

Motley.

Fus"ti*la"ri*an (?), n. [From Fusty.] A low fellow; a stinkard; a scoundrel. [Obs.] Shak.

{ Fus"ti*lug` (&?;), Fus"ti*lugs` (?) }, n. [Fusty + lug something heavy, to be drawn or carried.] A gross, fat, unwieldy person. [Obs.] F. Junius.

Fust"i*ness (?), n. A fusty state or quality; moldiness; mustiness; an ill smell from moldiness.

Fusty (?), a. [Compar. Fustier (#); superl Fustiest.] [See 2d Fust.] 1. Moldy; musty; ill-smelling; rank. "A fusty nut." "Fusty plebeians." Shak.

2. Moping. [Archaic]

A melancholy, fusty humor.

Pepys.

Fu"sure (?), n. [L. fusura, fr. fundere, fusum. See Fuse, v. t.] Act of fusing; fusion. [R.]

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Futch"el (?), n. The jaws between which the hinder end of a carriage tongue is inserted. Knight.

Fu"tile (?; 277), a. [L. futilis that easily pours out, that easily lets loose, vain, worthless, from the root of fundere to pour out: cf. F. futile. See Fuse, v. t.]

1. Talkative; loquacious; tattling. [Obs.]

Talkers and futile persons.

Bacon.

2. Of no importance; answering no useful end; useless; vain; worthless. "Futile theories." I. Taylor.

His reasoning . . . was singularly futile.

Macaulay.

Fu"tile*ly, adv. In a futile manner.

Fu"til`i*ty (?), n. [L. futilitas: cf. F. futilitÈ.] 1. The quality of being talkative; talkativeness; loquaciousness; loquacity. [Obs.]

2. The quality of producing no valuable effect, or of coming to nothing; uselessness.

The futility of this mode of philosophizing.

Whewell.

Fu"til*ous (?), a. Futile; trifling. [Obs.]

Fu"ttock (?), n. [Prob. corrupted fr. foothook.] (Naut.) One of the crooked timbers which are scarfed together to form the lower part of the compound rib of a vessel; one of the crooked transverse timbers passing across and over the keel.

Futtock plates (Naut.), plates of iron to which the dead-eyes of the topmast rigging are secured. -- Futtock shrouds, short iron shrouds leading from the upper part of the lower mast or of the main shrouds to the edge of the top, or through it, and connecting the topmast rigging with the lower mast. Totten.

Fu"tur*a*ble (?; 135), a. Capable of being future; possible to occur. [R.]

Not only to things future, but futurable.

Fuller.

Fu"ture (?; 135), a. [F. futur, L. futurus, used as fut. p. of esse to be, but from the same root as E. be. See Be, v. i.] That is to be or come hereafter; that will exist at any time after the present; as, the next moment is future, to the present.

Future tense (Gram.), the tense or modification of a verb which expresses a future act or event.

Fu"ture (?), n. [Cf. F. futur. See Future, a.]

1. Time to come; time subsequent to the present (as, the future shall be as the present); collectively, events that are to happen in time to come. "Lay the future open." Shak.

2. The possibilities of the future; -- used especially of prospective success or advancement; as, he had great future before him.

3. (Gram.) A future tense.

To deal in futures, to speculate on the future values of merchandise or stocks. [Brokers' cant]

Fu"ture*less, a. Without prospect of betterment in the future. W. D. Howells.

Fu"ture*ly, adv. In time to come. [Obs.] Raleigh.

Fu"tur*ist, n. 1. One whose chief interests are in what is to come; one who anxiously, eagerly, or confidently looks forward to the future; an expectant.

2. (Theol.) One who believes or maintains that the fulfillment of the prophecies of the Bible is to be in the future.

Fu`tu*ri"tial (?; 135), a. Relating to what is to come; pertaining to futurity; future. [R.]

Fu`tu*ri"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. futurition.] The state of being future; futurity. [R.]

Nothing . . . can have this imagined futurition, but as it is
decreed.

Coleridge.

Fu*tu"ri*ty (?), n.; pl. Futurities (&?;).

1. State of being that is yet to come; future state.

2. Future time; time to come; the future.

3. Event to come; a future event.

All futurities are naked before the All-seeing Eye.

South.

Fuze (?), n. A tube, filled with combustible matter, for exploding a shell, etc. See Fuse, n.

Chemical fuze, a fuze in which substances separated until required for action are then brought into contact, and uniting chemically, produce explosion. -- Concussion fuze, a fuze ignited by the striking of the projectile. -- Electric fuze, a fuze which is ignited by heat or a spark produced by an electric current. - - Friction fuze, a fuze which is ignited by the heat evolved by friction. -- Percussion fuze, a fuze in which the ignition is produced by a blow on some fulminating compound. -- Time fuze, a fuze adapted, either by its length or by the character of its composition, to burn a certain time before producing an explosion.

Fuzz (?), v. t. To make drunk. [Obs.] Wood.

Fuzz, n. [Cf. Prov. E. fuzzy that ravels (of silk or cotton), D. voos spongy, fungous, G. faser filament. E. feaze to untwist.] Fine, light particles or fibers; loose, volatile matter.

Fuzz ball, a kind of fungus or mushroom, which, when pressed, bursts and scatters a fine dust; a puffball.

Fuzz, v. i. To fly off in minute particles.

Fuz"zle (?), v. t. [Cf. LG. fuseln to drink common liquor, fr. fusel bad liquor.] To make drunk; to intoxicate; to fuddle. [Obs.] Burton.

Fuzz"y (?), a. [See Fuzz, n.] 1. Not firmly woven; that ravels. [Written also fozy.] [Prov. Eng.]

2. Furnished with fuzz; having fuzz; like fuzz; as, the fuzzy skin of a peach.

-fy (?). [Through French verbs in -fier, L. - ficare, akin to facere to do, make. See Fact.] A suffix signifying to make, to form into, etc.; as, acetify, amplify, dandify, Frenchify, etc.

Fy (?), interj. [See Fie, interj.] A word which expresses blame, dislike, disapprobation, abhorrence, or contempt. See Fie.

Fyke (?), n. [D. fuik a bow net.] A long bag net distended by hoops, into which fish can pass easily, without being able to return; -- called also fyke net. Cozzens.

Fyl"lot (?), n. [Prov. fr. AS. fy&?;erf&?;te, fierf&?;te, feÛwerf&?;te. See Four, and Foot, n.] A rebated cross, formerly used as a secret emblem, and a common ornament. It is also called gammadion, and swastika.

Fyrd (?), Fyr"dung (&?;), n. [AS.; akin to E. fare, v. i.] (Old. Eng. Hist.) The military force of the whole nation, consisting of all men able to bear arms.

The national fyrd or militia.

J. R. Green.

Fytte (?), n. See Fit a song. [Archaic]

G.

G (j) 1. G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It has two sounds; one simple, as in gave, go, gull; the other compound (like that of j), as in gem, gin, dingy. See Guide to Pronunciation, ßß 231-6, 155, 176, 178, 179, 196, 211, 246.

The form of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which it first appeared as a modified form of C. The name is also from the Latin, and probably comes to us through the French. Etymologically it is most closely related to a c hard, k y, and w; as in corn, grain, kernel; kin L. genus, Gr. &?;; E. garden, yard; drag, draw; also to ch and h; as in get, prehensile; guest, host (an army); gall, choler; gust, choose. See C.

2. (Mus.) G is the name of the fifth tone of the natural or model scale; -- called also sol by the Italians and French. It was also originally used as the treble clef, and has gradually changed into the character represented in the margin. See Clef. G (G sharp) is a tone intermediate between G and A.

Gab (?), n. [Cf. Gaff.] (Steam Engine) The hook on the end of an eccentric rod opposite the strap. See. Illust. of Eccentric.

Gab, n. [OE. gabbe gabble, mocking, fr. Icel. gabb mocking, mockery, or OF. gab, gabe; perh. akin to E. gape, or gob. Cf. Gab, v. i., Gibber.] The mouth; hence, idle prate; chatter; unmeaning talk; loquaciousness. [Colloq.]

Gift of gab, facility of expression. [Colloq.]

Gab, v. i. [OE. gabben to jest, lie, mock, deceive, fr. Icel. gabba to mock, or OF. gaber. See 2d Gab, and cf. Gabble.] 1. To deceive; to lie. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To talk idly; to prate; to chatter. Holinshed.

Gab"ar*age (?), n. A kind of coarse cloth for packing goods. [Obs.]

Gab`ar*dine", Gab`er*dine" (&?;), n. [Sp. gabardina; cf. It. gavardina, OF. galvardine, calvardine, gavardine, galeverdine; perh. akin to Sp. & OF. gaban a sort of cloak or coat for rainy weather, F. caban great coat with a hood and sleeves, It. gabbano and perh. to E. cabin.] A coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly worn by Jews; a mean dress. Shak.

Gab"ber (?), n. 1. A liar; a deceiver. [Obs.]

2. One addicted to idle talk.

Gab"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gabbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gabbling (?).] [Freq. of gab. See Gab, v. i.] 1. To talk fast, or to talk without meaning; to prate; to jabber. Shak.

2. To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity; as, gabbling fowls. Dryden.

Gab"ble, n. 1. Loud or rapid talk without meaning.

Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud Among the builders.

Milton.

2. Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered; as of fowls.

Gab"bler (?), n. One who gabbles; a prater.

Gab"bro (?), n. [It.] (Geol.) A name originally given by the Italians to a kind of serpentine, later to the rock called euphotide, and now generally used for a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock consisting of lamellar pyroxene (diallage) and labradorite, with sometimes chrysolite (olivine gabbro).

Ga"bel (?), n. [F. gabelle, LL. gabella, gabulum, gablum; of uncertain origin. Cf.Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law) A rent, service, tribute, custom, tax, impost, or duty; an excise. Burrill.

He enables St. Peter to pay his gabel by the ministry of a fish.

Jer. Taylor.

Ga"bel*er (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) A collector of gabels or taxes.

||Ga`belle" (?), n. [F. See Gabel.] A tax, especially on salt. [France] ||Brande & C.

Ga*belle"man (?), n. A gabeler. Carlyle.

Gab`er*dine" (?), n. See Gabardine.

Gab"er-lun`zie (?), n. [Gael. gabair talker + lunndair idler.] A beggar with a wallet; a licensed beggar. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Gab"ert (?), n. [Cf.F. gabare, Arm. kobar, gobar.] A lighter, or vessel for inland navigation. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Ga"bi*on (?), n.[F., from It. gabbione a large cage, gabion, from gabbia cage, L. cavea. See Cage.] 1. (Fort.) A hollow cylinder of wickerwork, like a basket without a bottom. Gabions are made of various sizes, and filled with earth in building fieldworks to shelter men from an enemy's fire.

2. (Hydraul. Engin.) An openwork frame, as of poles, filled with stones and sunk, to assist in forming a bar dyke, etc., as in harbor improvement.

Ga`bi*on*ade" (?), n. [F. gabionnade.] 1. (Fort.) A traverse made with gabions between guns or on their flanks, protecting them from enfilading fire.

2. A structure of gabions sunk in lines, as a core for a sand bar in harbor improvements.

Ga"bi*on*age (?), n. [F. gabionnage.] (Mil.) The part of a fortification built of gabions.

Ga"bi*oned (?), p. a. Furnished with gabions.

||Ga`bion`nade" (?), n. See Gabionade.

Ga"ble (?), n. A cable. [Archaic] Chapman.

Ga"ble, n. [OE. gable, gabil, F. gable, fr. LL. gabalum front of a building, prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. OHG. gibil, G. giebel gable, Icel. gafl, Goth. gibla pinnacle; perh. akin to Gr. &?; head, and E. cephalic, or to G. gabel fork, AS. geafl, E. gaffle, L. gabalus a kind of gallows.] (Arch.) (a) The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. Also, a similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof and the like. Hence: (b) The end wall of a building, as distinguished from the front or rear side. (c) A decorative member having the shape of a triangular gable, such as that above a Gothic arch in a doorway.

Bell gable. See under Bell. -- Gable roof, a double sloping roof which forms a gable at each end. -- Gable wall. Same as Gable (b). -- Gable window, a window in a gable.

Ga"blet (?), n. (Arch.) A small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed over a tabernacle, niche, etc.

Gab"lock (?), n. [See Gavelock.] A false spur or gaff, fitted on the heel of a gamecock. Wright.

Ga"by (?), n. [Icel. gapi a rash, reckless man. Cf. Gafe.] A simpleton; a dunce; a lout. [Colloq.]

Gad (?), n. [OE. gad, Icel. gaddr goad, sting; akin to Sw. gadd sting, Goth. gazds, G. gerte switch. See Yard a measure.] 1. The point of a spear, or an arrowhead.

2. A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal, as a steel wedge used in mining, etc.

I will go get a leaf of brass, And with a gad of steel will write
these words.

Shak.

3. A sharp-pointed rod; a goad.

4. A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling. Fairholt.

5. A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel. [Obs.]

Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in gads.

Moxon.

6. A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring rod, or a rod used to drive cattle with. [Prov. Eng. Local, U.S.] Halliwell. Bartlett.

Upon the gad, upon the spur of the moment; hastily. [Obs.] "All this done upon the gad!" Shak.

Gad, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gadded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gadding.] [Prob. fr. gad, n., and orig. meaning to drive about.] To walk about; to rove or go about, without purpose; hence, to run wild; to be uncontrolled. "The gadding vine." Milton.

Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy way?

Jer. ii. 36.

Gad"a*bout` (?), n. A gadder [Colloq.]

Gad"bee` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The gadfly.

Gad"der (?), n. One who roves about idly, a rambling gossip.

Gad"ding, a. & n. Going about much, needlessly or without purpose.

Envy is a gadding passion, and walketh the streets.

Bacon.

The good nuns would check her gadding tongue.

Tennyson.

Gadding car, in quarrying, a car which carries a drilling machine so arranged as to drill a line of holes.

Gad"ding*ly (?), adv. In a roving, idle manner.

Gad"dish (?), a. Disposed to gad. -- Gad"dish*nes, n. "Gaddishness and folly." Abp. Leighton.

Gade (?), n. [Cf. Cod the fish.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A small British fish (Motella argenteola) of the Cod family. (b) A pike, so called at Moray Firth; -- called also gead. [Prov. Eng.]

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Gad"er*e (?), Gad"re (&?;), v. t. & i. To gather. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gad"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gadflies (#). [Gad + fly.] (Zoˆl.) Any dipterous insect of the genus Oestrus, and allied genera of botflies.

The sheep gadfly (Oestrus ovis) deposits its young in the nostrils of sheep, and the larvÊ develop in the frontal sinuses. The common species which infests cattle (Hypoderma bovis) deposits its eggs upon or in the skin where the larvÊ or bots live and produce sores called wormels. The gadflies of the horse produce the intestinal parasites called bots. See Botfly, and Bots. The true horseflies are often erroneously called gadflies, and the true gadflies are sometimes incorrectly called breeze flies.

Gadfly petrel (Zoˆl.), one of several small petrels of the genus Oestrelata.

Gadhel"ic (gl"k), a. [See Gaelic.] Of or pertaining to that division of the Celtic languages, which includes the Irish, Gaelic, and Manx. J. Peile.

Gad"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the cod (Gadus); -- applied to an acid obtained from cod-liver oil, viz., gadic acid.

Gad`i*ta`ni*an (?), a. [L. Gaditanus, fr. Gades Cadiz.] Of or relating to Cadiz, in Spain. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Cadiz.

Gad"ling (?), n. [Gad, n. + - ling.] (MediÊval Armor) [R.] See Gad, n., 4.

Gad"ling, a. [See Gad, v. i.] Gadding about. [Obs.]

Gad"ling, n. A roving vagabond. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Gadman (?), n. A gadsman.

Ga"doid (?; 277), a. [NL. gadus cod + -oid: cf. F. gadoÔde gadoid, Gr. &?; a sort of fish, F. gade.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the family of fishes (GadidÊ) which includes the cod, haddock, and hake. -- n. One of the GadidÊ. [Written also gadid.]

Gad`o*lin"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A rare earth, regarded by some as an oxide of the supposed element gadolinium, by others as only a mixture of the oxides of yttrium, erbium, ytterbium, etc.

Gad`o*lin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to or containing gadolinium.

Gad"o*lin*ite (?), n. [Named after Gadolin, a Russian chemist.] (Min.) A mineral of a nearly black color and vitreous luster, and consisting principally of the silicates of yttrium, cerium, and iron.

Gad`o*lin"i*um (?), n. [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A supposed rare metallic element, with a characteristic spectrum, found associated with yttrium and other rare metals. Its individuality and properties have not yet been determined.

Gads"man (?), n. One who uses a gad or goad in driving.

Gad"u*in (?), n.[NL. gadus codfish.] (Chem.) A yellow or brown amorphous substance, of indifferent nature, found in cod-liver oil.

Gad"wall (?), n. [Gad to walk about + well.] (Zoˆl.) A large duck (Anas strepera), valued as a game bird, found in the northern parts of Europe and America; -- called also gray duck. [Written also gaddwell.]

Gael (?), n.sing. & pl. [See Gaelic.] (Ethnol.) A Celt or the Celts of the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now esp., a Scotch Highlander of Celtic origin.

Gael"ic (?; 277), a. [Gael. G‡idhealach, Gaelach, from G‡idheal, Gael, a Scotch Highlander.] (Ethnol.) Of or pertaining to the Gael, esp. to the Celtic Highlanders of Scotland; as, the Gaelic language.

Gael"ic (?), n. [Gael. Gaelig, G‡ilig.] The language of the Gaels, esp. of the Highlanders of Scotland. It is a branch of the Celtic.

Gaff (?), n. [OE. gaffe, F. gaffe an iron hook with which seamen pull great fishes into their ships; cf. Ir. gaf, gafa hook; perh. akin to G. gabel fork, Skr. gabhasti. Cf. Gaffle, Gable.] 1. A barbed spear or a hook with a handle, used by fishermen in securing heavy fish.

2. (Naut.) The spar upon which the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail is extended.

3. Same as Gaffle, 1. Wright.

Gaff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaffing.] To strike with a gaff or barbed spear; to secure by means of a gaff; as, to gaff a salmon.

Gaf"fer (?), n. [Possibly contr. fr. godfather; but prob. fr. gramfer for grandfather. Cf. Gammer.] 1. An old fellow; an aged rustic.

Go to each gaffer and each goody.

Fawkes.

Gaffer was originally a respectful title, now degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt when addressed to an aged man in humble life.

2. A foreman or overseer of a gang of laborers. [Prov. Eng.]

Gaf"fle (?), n. [Cf. AS. geafl fork, LG., D., Sw., & Dan. gaffel, G. gabel, W. gafl, Ir. & Gael. gabhal. Cf. Gaff.] 1. An artificial spur or gaff for gamecocks.

2. A lever to bend crossbows.

Gaff`-top"sail (?), n. (Naut.) A small triangular sail having its foot extended upon the gaff and its luff upon the topmast.

Gag (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gagging (?).] [Prob. fr. W. cegio to choke or strangle, fr. ceg mouth, opening, entrance.] 1. To stop the mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to hinder speaking; hence, to silence by authority or by violence; not to allow freedom of speech to. Marvell.

The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be gagged, and
reason to be hood winked.

Maccaulay.

2. To pry or hold open by means of a gag.

Mouths gagged to such a wideness.

Fortescue (Transl.).

3. To cause to heave with nausea.

Gag, v. i. 1. To heave with nausea; to retch.

2. To introduce gags or interpolations. See Gag, n., 3. [Slang] Cornill Mag.

Gag, n. 1. Something thrust into the mouth or throat to hinder speaking.

2. A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking bit; as, a gag of mutton fat. Lamb.

3. A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by an actor on the stage in his part as written, usually consisting of some seasonable or local allusion. [Slang]

Gag rein (Harness), a rein for drawing the bit upward in the horse's mouth. -- Gag runner (Harness), a loop on the throat latch guiding the gag rein.

Gag"ate (?; 48), n. [L. gagates. See Jet a black mineral.] Agate. [Obs.] Fuller.

Gage (?), n. [F. gage, LL. gadium, wadium; of German origin; cf. Goth. wadi, OHG. wetti, weti, akin to E. wed. See Wed, and cf. Wage, n.] 1. A pledge or pawn; something laid down or given as a security for the performance of some act by the person depositing it, and forfeited by nonperformance; security.

Nor without gages to the needy lend.

Sandys.

2. A glove, cap, or the like, cast on the ground as a challenge to combat, and to be taken up by the accepter of the challenge; a challenge; a defiance. "There I throw my gage." Shak.

Gage (?), n. [So called because an English family named Gage imported the greengage from France, in the last century.] A variety of plum; as, the greengage; also, the blue gage, frost gage, golden gage, etc., having more or less likeness to the greengage. See Greengage.

Gage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaged (?); p. pr & vb. n. Gaging (?).] [Cf. F. gager. See Gage, n., a pledge.] 1. To give or deposit as a pledge or security for some act; to wage or wager; to pawn or pledge. [Obs.]

A moiety competent Was gaged by our king.

Shak.

2. To bind by pledge, or security; to engage.

Great debts Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal, Hath left me
gaged.

Shak.

Gage, n. A measure or standard. See Gauge, n.

Gage, v. t. To measure. See Gauge, v. t.

You shall not gage me By what we do to-night.

Shak.

Ga"ger (?), n. A measurer. See Gauger.

Gag"ger (?), n. 1. One who gags.

2. (Founding) A piece of iron imbedded in the sand of a mold to keep the sand in place.

Gag"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaggling (?).] [Of imitative origin; cf. D. gaggelen, gagelen, G. gackeln, gackern, MHG. g&?;gen, E. giggle, cackle.] To make a noise like a goose; to cackle. Bacon.

Gag"gle, n. [Cf. Gaggle v. i.] (Zoˆl.) A flock of wild geese. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Gag"tooth` (?), n.; pl. Gagteeth (&?;). A projecting tooth. [Obs.]

Gag"-toothed" (?), a. Having gagteeth. [Obs.]

Gahn"ite (?), n. [Named after Gahn, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.) Zinc spinel; automolite.

Ga*id"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; earth.] (Chem.) Pertaining to hypogeic acid; -- applied to an acid obtained from hypogeic acid.

Gai"e*ty (?), n. Same as Gayety.

Gail"er (?), n. A jailer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Gail`lard" (?), a. [F. See Galliard.] Gay; brisk; merry; galliard. ||Chaucer.

||Gail*liarde" (?), n. [See Galliard a dance.] A lively French and ||Italian dance.

Gai"ly (?), adv. [From Gay.] Merrily; showily. See gaily.

Gain (gn), n. [Cf. W. gan a mortise.] (Arch.) A square or beveled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam.

Gain, a. [OE. gein, gain, good, near, quick; cf. Icel. gegn ready, serviceable, and gegn, adv., against, opposite. Cf. Ahain.] Convenient; suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy; profitable; cheap; respectable. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Gain (gn), n. [OE. gain, gein, gahen, gain, advantage, Icel. gagn; akin to Sw. gagn, Dan. gavn, cf. Goth. gageigan to gain. The word was prob. influenced by F. gain gain, OF. gaain. Cf. Gain, v. t.] 1. That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as increase, profit, advantage, or benefit; -- opposed to loss.

But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ.

Phil. iii. 7.

Godliness with contentment is great gain.

1 Tim. vi. 6.

Every one shall share in the gains.

Shak.

2. The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable possessions; acquisition; accumulation. "The lust of gain." Tennyson.

Gain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gained (gnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaining.] [From gain, n. but. prob. influenced by F. gagner to earn, gain, OF. gaaignier to cultivate, OHG. weidinn, weidinen to pasture, hunt, fr. weida pasturage, G. weide, akin to Icel. veir hunting, AS. wu, cf. L. venari to hunt, E. venison. See Gain, n., profit.]

1. To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or acquire by effort or labor; as, to gain a good living.

What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose
his own soul?

Matt. xvi. 26.

To gain dominion, or to keep it gained.

Milton.

For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease.

Pope.

2. To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition; as, to gain a battle; to gain a case at law; to gain a prize.

3. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to conciliate.

If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother.

Matt. xviii. 15.

To gratify the queen, and gained the court.

Dryden.

4. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to gain the top of a mountain; to gain a good harbor.

Forded Usk and gained the wood.

Tennyson.

5. To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or damage. [Obs. or Ironical]

Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this
harm and loss.

Acts xxvii. 21.

Gained day, the calendar day gained in sailing eastward around the earth. -- To gain ground, to make progress; to advance in any undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent. -- To gain over, to draw to one's party or interest; to win over. -- To gain the wind (Naut.), to reach the windward side of another ship.

Syn. -- To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain; achieve. See Obtain. -- To Gain, Win. Gain implies only that we get something by exertion; win, that we do it in competition with others. A person gains knowledge, or gains a prize, simply by striving for it; he wins a victory, or wins a prize, by taking it in a struggle with others.

Gain (?), v. i. To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress; as, the sick man gains daily.

Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by extortion.

Ezek. xxii. 12.

Gaining twist, in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves, which increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle. To gain on or upon. (a) To encroach on; as, the ocean gains on the land. (b) To obtain influence with. (c) To win ground upon; to move faster than, as in a race or contest. (d) To get the better of; to have the advantage of.

The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant,
but have their cloth in Venice itself.

Addison.

My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor, that I began to
conceive hopes of liberty.

Swift.

Gain"a*ble (?), a. [CF. F. gagnable. See Gain, v. t.] Capable of being obtained or reached. Sherwood.

Gain"age (?, 48), n. [OF. gaignage pasturage, crop, F. gaignage pasturage. See Gain, v. t.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The horses, oxen, plows, wains or wagons and implements for carrying on tillage. (b) The profit made by tillage; also, the land itself. Bouvier.

Gain"er (?), n. One who gains. Shak.

Gain"ful (?), a. Profitable; advantageous; lucrative. "A gainful speculation." Macaulay. -- Gain"ful*ly, adv. -- Gain"ful*ness, n.

Gain"giv`ing (?), n. [See Again, and Give.] A misgiving. [Obs.]

Gain"less, a. Not producing gain; unprofitable. Hammond. -- Gain"less/ness, n.

Gain"ly, adv. [See Gain, a.] Handily; readily; dexterously; advantageously. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Gain"pain` (?), n.[F. gagner to gain + pain bread.] Bread-gainer; -- a term applied in the Middle Ages to the sword of a hired soldier.

Gain`say" (? or ?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainsaid (? or ?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gainsaying.] [OE. geinseien, ageinseien. See Again, and Say to utter.] To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to dispute; to forbid.

I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your adversaries shall
not be able to gainsay nor resist.

Luke xxi. 15.

The just gods gainsay That any drop thou borrow'dst from thy
mother, My sacred aunt, should by my mortal sword Be drained.

Shak.

Gain`say"er (?), n. One who gainsays, contradicts, or denies. "To convince the gainsayers." Tit. i. 9.

Gain"some (?), a. 1. Gainful.

2. Prepossessing; well-favored. [Obs.] Massinger.

'Gainst (?), prep. A contraction of Against.

Gain"stand` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainstood; p. pr. & vb. n. gainstanding.] [See Again, and Stand.] To withstand; to resist. [Obs.]

Durst . . . gainstand the force of so many enraged desires.

Sir P. Sidney.

Gain"strive` (?), v. t. & i. [See Again, and Strive.] To strive or struggle against; to withstand. [Obs.] Spenser.

Gair"fowl` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Garefowl.

Gair"ish (?), a., Gair"ish*ly, adv., Gair"ish/ness, n. Same as Garish, Garishly, Garishness.

Gait (?), n. [See Gate a way.] 1. A going; a walk; a march; a way.

Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor folks pass.

Shak.

2. Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while moving.

'T is Cinna; I do know him by his gait.

Shak.

Gait"ed (?), a. Having (such) a gait; -- used in composition; as, slow-gaited; heavy- gaited.

Gait"er (?), n. [F. guÍtre, cf. Armor. gweltren; or perh. of German origin, and akin to E. wear, v.] 1. A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and instep, or for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the shoe.

<! p. 608 !>

2. A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and covering the ankle.

Gai"ter (?), v. t. To dress with gaiters.

Gai"tre, Gay"tre (&?;), n. [OE. Cf. Gatten tree.] The dogwood tree. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ga"la (?), n. [F. gala show, pomp, fr. It. gala finery, gala; of German origin. See Gallant.] Pomp, show, or festivity. Macaulay.

Gala day, a day of mirth and festivity; a holiday.

Ga*lac"ta-gogue (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk + &?; to lead.] (Med.) An agent exciting secretion of milk.

Ga*lac"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; milky, fr. &?;, &?;, milk. See Galaxy, and cf. Lactic.] 1. Of or pertaining to milk; got from milk; as, galactic acid.

2. Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky Way.

Galactic circle (Astron.), the great circle of the heavens, to which the course of the galaxy most nearly conforms. Herschel. -- Galactic poles, the poles of the galactic circle.

Ga*lac"tin (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk. Cf. Lactin.] (Chem.) (a) An amorphous, gelatinous substance containing nitrogen, found in milk and other animal fluids. It resembles peptone, and is variously regarded as a coagulating or emulsifying agent. (b) A white waxy substance found in the sap of the South American cow tree (Galactodendron). (c) An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate resembling gelose, found in the seeds of leguminous plants, and yielding on decomposition several sugars, including galactose.

Ga*lac`to*den*sim"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?; + E. densimeter.] Same as Galactometer.

Gal`ac*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk + -meter: cf. F. galactomËtre. Cf. Lactometer.] An instrument for ascertaining the quality of milk (i.e., its richness in cream) by determining its specific gravity; a lactometer.

Gal`ac*toph"a*gist (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk + &?; to eat: cf. &?; to live on milk.] One who eats, or subsists on, milk.

Gal`ac*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. galactophade.] Feeding on milk.

Gal`ac*toph"o*rous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, milk + &?; to bear: cf. F. galactophore. Cf. Lactiferous.] (Anat.) Milk-carrying; lactiferous; -- applied to the ducts of mammary glands.

Ga*lac`to*poi*et"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk + &?; capable of making; fr. &?; to make.] (Med.) Increasing the flow of milk; milk-producing. -- n. A galactopoietic substance.

Ga*lac"tose (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline sugar, C6H12O6, isomeric with dextrose, obtained by the decomposition of milk sugar, and also from certain gums. When oxidized it forms mucic acid. Called also lactose (though it is not lactose proper).

Ga*lage" (?), n. (Obs.) See Galoche. Spenser.

Ga*la"go (?), n.; pl. Galagos (#). [Native name.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of African lemurs, including numerous species.

The grand galago (Galago crassicaudata) is about the size of a cat; the mouse galago (G. murinus)is about the size of a mouse.

{ Ga*lan"ga (?), Ga*lan"gal (?) }, n.[OE. galingale, OF. galingal, garingal, F. galanga (cf. Sp. galanga), prob. fr. Ar. khalanj&?;n. ] The pungent aromatic rhizome or tuber of certain East Indian or Chinese species of Alpinia (A. Galanga and A. officinarum) and of the KÊmpferia Galanga), -- all of the Ginger family.

Gal"an*tine (? or ?), n. [F. galantine.] A dish of veal, chickens, or other white meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold. Smart.

Gal"a*pee` tree" (?), (Bot.) The West Indian Sciadophyllum Brownei, a tree with very large digitate leaves.

Ga*la"tian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants. -- A native or inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of the Gauls who settled in Asia Minor.

Gal"ax*y (?), n.; pl. Galaxies (#). [F. galaxie, L. galaxias, fr. Gr. &?; (sc. &?; circle), fr. &?;, &?;, milk; akin to L. lac. Cf. Lacteal.]

1. (Astron.) The Milky Way; that luminous tract, or belt, which is seen at night stretching across the heavens, and which is composed of innumerable stars, so distant and blended as to be distinguishable only with the telescope. The term has recently been used for remote clusters of stars. Nichol.

2. A splendid assemblage of persons or things.

{ Gal"ban, Gal"ba*num (?), } n. [L. galbanum, Gr. &?;, prob. from Heb. klekb'n&?;h: cf. F. galbanum.] A gum resin exuding from the stems of certain Asiatic umbelliferous plants, mostly species of Ferula. The Bubon Galbanum of South Africa furnishes an inferior kind of galbanum. It has an acrid, bitter taste, a strong, unpleasant smell, and is used for medical purposes, also in the arts, as in the manufacture of varnish.

Gale (gl), n. [Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. gal furious, Icel. galinn, cf. Icel. gala to sing, AS. galan to sing, Icel. galdr song, witchcraft, AS. galdor charm, sorcery, E. nightingale; also, Icel. gjla gust of wind, gola breeze. Cf. Yell.] 1. A strong current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane. The most violent gales are called tempests.

Gales have a velocity of from about eighteen ("moderate") to about eighty ("very heavy") miles an our. Sir. W. S. Harris.

2. A moderate current of air; a breeze.

A little gale will soon disperse that cloud.

Shak.

And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odors fanned From their soft
wings.

Milton.

3. A state of excitement, passion, or hilarity.

The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into what, in New
England, is sometimes called a gale.

Brooke (Eastford).

Topgallant gale (Naut.), one in which a ship may carry her topgallant sails.

Gale (?), v. i. (Naut.) To sale, or sail fast.

Gale, n. [OE. gal. See Gale wind.] A song or story. [Obs.] Toone.

Gale, v. i. [AS. galan. See 1st Gale.] To sing. [Obs.] "Can he cry and gale." Court of Love.

Gale, n. [AS. gagel, akin to D. gagel.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Myrica, growing in wet places, and strongly resembling the bayberry. The sweet gale (Myrica Gale) is found both in Europe and in America.

Gale, n. [Cf. Gabel.] The payment of a rent or annuity. [Eng.] Mozley & W.

Gale day, the day on which rent or interest is due.

||Ga"le*a (?), n. [L., a helmet.] 1. (Bot.) The upper lip or ||helmet-shaped part of a labiate flower.

2. (Surg.) A kind of bandage for the head.

3. (Pathol.) Headache extending all over the head.

4. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil echini, having a vaulted, helmet-shaped shell.

5. (Zoˆl.) The anterior, outer process of the second joint of the maxillae in certain insects.

Gal"e*as (?), n. See Galleass.

{ Ga"le*ate (?), Ga"le*a`ted (?), } a. [L. galeatus, p. p. of galeare helmet.] 1. Wearing a helmet; protected by a helmet; covered, as with a helmet.

2. (Biol.) Helmeted; having a helmetlike part, as a crest, a flower, etc.; helmet-shaped.

||Ga"le*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Galeus, name of one genus, fr. Gr. &?; ||a kind of shark.] (Zoˆl.) That division of elasmobranch fishes which ||includes the sharks.

Ga*le"na (?), n.[L. galena lead ore, dross that remains after melting lead: cf. F. galËne sulphide of lead ore, antidote to poison, stillness of the sea, calm, tranquility.]

1. (Med.) A remedy or antidote for poison; theriaca. [Obs.] Parr.

2. (Min.) Lead sulphide; the principal ore of lead. It is of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, and is cubic in crystallization and cleavage.

False galena. See Blende.

Ga*len"ic (?), Ga*len"ic*al (&?;), a. Pertaining to, or containing, galena.

Ga*len"ic, Ga*len"ic*al, a. [From Galen, the physician.] Relating to Galen or to his principles and method of treating diseases. Dunglison.

Galenic pharmacy, that branch of pharmacy which relates to the preparation of medicines by infusion, decoction, etc., as distinguished from those which are chemically prepared.

Ga"len*ism (?), n. The doctrines of Galen.

Ga*len*ist, n. A follower of Galen.

Ga*le"nite (?), n. (Min.) Galena; lead ore.

||Ga`le*o*pi*the"cus (g`l**p*th"ks), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gale`h a weasel + ||pi`qhkos an ape.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of flying Insectivora, formerly ||called flying lemurs. See Colugo.

Gal`er*ic"u*late (?), a. [L. galericulum, dim. of galerum a hat or cap, fr. galea helmet.] Covered as with a hat or cap. Smart.

Gal"er*ite (?), n. [L. galerum a hat, cap: cf. F. galÈrite.] (Paleon.) A cretaceous fossil sea urchin of the genus Galerites.

Ga*li"cian (?), a. [Cf. Sp. Galiciano, Gallego, fr. L. Gallaecus, Gallaicus, fr. Gallaeci a people in Western Spain.] Of or pertaining to Galicia, in Spain, or to Galicia, the kingdom of Austrian Poland. -- n. A native of Galicia in Spain; -- called also Gallegan.

Gal`i*le"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean telescope. See Telescope.

Gal`i*le"an (?), a. [L. Galilaeus, fr. Galilaea Galilee, Gr. &?;: cf. F. galilÈen.] Of or relating to Galilee.

Gal`i*le"an, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of Palestine under the Romans.

2. (Jewish Hist.) One of the party among the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans; -- called also Gaulonite.

3. A Christian in general; -- used as a term of reproach by Mohammedans and Pagans. Byron.

Gal"i*lee (?), n. [Supposed to have been so termed in allusion to the scriptural "Galilee of the Gentiles." cf. OF. galilÈe.] (Arch.) A porch or waiting room, usually at the west end of an abbey church, where the monks collected on returning from processions, where bodies were laid previous to interment, and where women were allowed to see the monks to whom they were related, or to hear divine service. Also, frequently applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham cathedrals. Gwilt.

Gal`i*ma"tias (?), n. [F.] Nonsense; gibberish; confused and unmeaning talk; confused mixture.

Her dress, like her talk, is a galimatias of several countries.

Walpole.

Gal"in*gale (?), n. [See Galangal.] (Bot.) A plant of the Sedge family (Cyperus longus) having aromatic roots; also, any plant of the same genus. Chaucer.

Meadow, set with slender galingale.

Tennyson.

Gal"i*ot (?), n. [OE. galiote, F. galiote. See Galley.] (Naut.) (a) A small galley, formerly used in the Mediterranean, built mainly for speed. It was moved both by sails and oars, having one mast, and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers. (b) A strong, light-draft, Dutch merchant vessel, carrying a mainmast and a mizzenmast, and a large gaff mainsail.

Gal"i*pot (?), n. [F. galipot; cf. OF. garipot the wild pine or pitch tree.] An impure resin of turpentine, hardened on the outside of pine trees by the spontaneous evaporation of its essential oil. When purified, it is called yellow pitch, white pitch, or Burgundy pitch.

Gall (gl), n.[OE. galle, gal, AS. gealla; akin to D. gal, OS. & OHG. galla, Icel. gall, SW. galla, Dan. galde, L. fel, Gr. &?;, and prob. to E. yellow. &radic;49. See Yellow, and cf. Choler] 1. (Physiol.) The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder.

2. The gall bladder.

3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor.

He hath . . . compassed me with gall and travail.

Lam. iii. 5.

Comedy diverted without gall.

Dryden.

4. Impudence; brazen assurance. [Slang]

Gall bladder (Anat.), the membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus. -- Gall duct, a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic duct. -- Gall sickness, a remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands. Dunglison. -- Gall of the earth (Bot.), an herbaceous composite plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the Prenanthes serpentaria.

Gall (?), n. [F. galle, noix de galle, fr. L. galla.] (Zoˆl.) An excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc. See Gallnut.

The galls, or gallnuts, of commerce are produced by insects of the genus Cynips, chiefly on an oak (Quercus infectoria or Lusitanica) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine.

Gall insect (Zoˆl.), any insect that produces galls. -- Gall midge (Zoˆl.), any small dipterous insect that produces galls. -- Gall oak, the oak (Quercus infectoria) which yields the galls of commerce. -- Gall of glass, the neutral salt skimmed off from the surface of melted crown glass; -- called also glass gall and sandiver. Ure. -- Gall wasp. (Zoˆl.) See Gallfly.

Gall, v. t. (Dyeing) To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts. Ure.

Gall, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Galling.] [OE. gallen; cf. F. galer to scratch, rub, gale scurf, scab, G. galle a disease in horses' feet, an excrescence under the tongue of horses; of uncertain origin. Cf. Gall gallnut.] 1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable.

I am loth to gall a new-healed wound.

Shak.

2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm.

They that are most galled with my folly, They most must laugh.

Shak.

3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled by the shot of the enemy.

In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with
our longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their
arrows.

Addison.

Gall, v. i. To scoff; to jeer. [R.] Shak.

Gall, n. A wound in the skin made by rubbing.

Gal"lant (?), a. [F. gallant, prop. p. pr. of OF. galer to rejoice, akin to OF. gale amusement, It. gala ornament; of German origin; cf. OHG. geil merry, luxuriant, wanton, G. geil lascivious, akin to AS. g&?;l wanton, wicked, OS. g&?;l merry, Goth. gailjan to make to rejoice, or perh. akin to E. weal. See Gala, Galloon.]

1. Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; well- dressed.

The town is built in a very gallant place.

Evelyn.

Our royal, good and gallant ship.

Shak.

2. Noble in bearing or spirit; brave; high- spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; as, a gallant youth; a gallant officer.

That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds.

Shak.

The gay, the wise, the gallant, and the grave.

Waller.

Syn. -- Gallant, Courageous, Brave. Courageous is generic, denoting an inward spirit which rises above fear; brave is more outward, marking a spirit which braves or defies danger; gallant rises still higher, denoting bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure. A courageous man is ready for battle; a brave man courts it; a gallant man dashes into the midst of the conflict.

Gal*lant" (?; 277), a. Polite and attentive to ladies; courteous to women; chivalrous.

Gal*lant" (?; 277), n. 1. A man of mettle or spirit; a gay, fashionable man; a young blood. Shak.

2. One fond of paying attention to ladies.

3. One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad sense, a seducer. Addison.

In the first sense it is by some orthoÎpists (as in Shakespeare) accented on the first syllable.

Gal*lant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallanting.] 1. To attend or wait on, as a lady; as, to gallant ladies to the play.

2. To handle with grace or in a modish manner; as, to gallant a fan. [Obs.] Addison.

Gal*lant"ly (?), adv. In a polite or courtly manner; like a gallant or wooer.

Gal"lant*ly (?), adv. In a gallant manner.

Gal"lant*ness (?), n. The quality of being gallant.

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Gal"lant*ry (?), n.; pl. Gallantries (#). [F. galanterie.] 1. Splendor of appearance; ostentatious finery. [Archaic]

Guess the gallantry of our church by this . . . when the desk
whereon the priest read was inlaid with plates of silver.

Fuller.

2. Bravery; intrepidity; as, the troops behaved with great gallantry.

3. Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bad sense, attention or courtesy designed to win criminal favors from a female; freedom of principle or practice with respect to female virtue; intrigue.

4. Gallant persons, collectively. [R.]

Helenus, Antenor, and all the gallantry of Troy.

Shak.

Syn. -- See Courage, and Heroism.

Gal"late (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. gallate. See Gall gallnut.] (Chem.) A salt of gallic acid.

Gal"la*ture (?; 135), n. [From L. gallus a cock.] (Zoˆl.) The tread, treadle, or chalasa of an egg.