Chapter LIV: Part 54

Hy`dro*bro"mide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrobromic acid with a base; -- distinguished from a bromide, in which only the bromine unites with the base.

Hy`dro*car"bon (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + carbon.] (Chem.) A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon, as methane, benzene, etc.; also, by extension, any of their derivatives.

Hydrocarbon burner, furnace, stove, a burner, furnace, or stove with which liquid fuel, as petroleum, is used.

Hy`dro*car`bo*na"ceous (?), a. Of the nature, or containing, hydrocarbons.

Hy`dro*car"bon*ate (?), n. (a) (Old Chem.) A hydrocarbon. [Obs.] (b) (Chem.) A hydrous carbonate, as malachite.

Hy`dro*car`bo*sty"ril (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + carbostyril.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous hydrocarbon, C9H9NO, obtained from certain derivatives of cinnamic acid and closely related to quinoline and carbostyril.

Hy`dro*car"bu*ret (?), n. [Hydro- , 2 + carburet.] (Chem.) Carbureted hydrogen; also, a hydrocarbon. [Obs.]

Hy`dro*cau"lus (?), n.; pl. Hydrocauli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + &?; a stalk.] (Zoˆl.) The hollow stem of a hydroid, either simple or branched. See Illust. of Gymnoblastea and Hydroidea.

Hy`dro*cele (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; "y`dwr water + &?; tumor.] (Med.) A collection of serous fluid in the areolar texture of the scrotum or in the coverings, especially in the serous sac, investing the testicle or the spermatic cord; dropsy of the testicle.

Hy`dro*ce*phal"ic (?), a. Relating to, or connected with, hydrocephalus, or dropsy of the brain.

Hy`dro*ceph"a*loid (?), a. [Hydrocephalus + -oid.] (Med.) Resembling hydrocephalus.

Hydrocephaloid affection (Med.), the group of symptoms which follow exhausting diarrhea in young children, resembling those of acute hydrocephalus, or tubercular meningitis.

Hy`dro*ceph"a*lous (?), a. Having hydrocephalus. "Hydrocephalous offspring." G. Eliot.

Hy`dro*ceph"a*lus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; hydrocephalus; "y`dwr water + &?; head.] (Med.) An accumulation of liquid within the cavity of the cranium, especially within the ventricles of the brain; dropsy of the brain. It is due usually to tubercular meningitis. When it occurs in infancy, it often enlarges the head enormously.

Hy`dro*chlo"rate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Hydrochloride.

Hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + chloric: cf. F. hydrochlorique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or compounded of, chlorine and hydrogen gas; as, hydrochloric acid; chlorhydric.

Hydrochloric acid (Chem.), hydrogen chloride; a colorless, corrosive gas, HCl, of pungent, suffocating odor. It is made in great quantities in the soda process, by the action of sulphuric acid on common salt. It has a great affinity for water, and the commercial article is a strong solution of the gas in water. It is a typical acid, and is an indispensable agent in commercial and general chemical work. Called also muriatic, ∧ chlorhydric, acid.

Hy`dro*chlo"ride (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrochloric acid with a base; -- distinguished from a chloride, where only chlorine unites with the base.

||Hy`dro*co*ral"li*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hydra, and Coral.] (Zoˆl.) A ||division of Hydroidea, including those genera that secrete a stony ||coral, as Millepora and Stylaster. Two forms of zooids in life ||project from small pores in the coral and resemble those of other ||hydroids. See Millepora.

Hy`dro*cy"a*nate (?), n. (Chem.) See Hydrocyanide.

Hy`dro*cy*an"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + anic: cf. F. hydrocyanique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from the combination of, hydrogen and cyanogen.

Hydrocyanic acid (Chem.), a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HCN, having a characteristic peach-blossom odor. It is one of the most deadly poisons. It is made by the action of sulphuric acid on yellow prussiate of potassium (potassium ferrocyanide), and chemically resembles hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids. Called also prussic acid, hydrogen cyanide, etc.

Hy`dro*cy"a*nide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrocyanic acid with a base; -- distinguished from a cyanide, in which only the cyanogen so combines.

{ Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic (?), Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic*al (?), } a. [Hydro-, 1 + dynamic, - ical: cf. F. hydrodynamique.] Pertaining to, or derived from, the dynamical action of water of a liquid; of or pertaining to water power.

Hydrodynamic friction, friction produced by the viscosity of a liquid in motion.

Hy`dro*dy*nam"ics (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + dynamics: cf. F. hydrodynamique.] That branch of the science of mechanics which relates to fluids, or, as usually limited, which treats of the laws of motion and action of nonelastic fluids, whether as investigated mathematically, or by observation and experiment; the principles of dynamics, as applied to water and other fluids.

The word is sometimes used as a general term, including both hydrostatics and hydraulics, together with pneumatics and acoustics. See Hydraulics.

Hy`dro*dy`na*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + dynamometer.] An instrument to measure the velocity of a liquid current by the force of its impact.

Hy`dro-e*lec"tric (?), a. [Hydro- , 1 + electric.] Pertaining to, employed in, or produced by, the evolution of electricity by means of a battery in which water or steam is used.

Hydro-electric machine (Physics), an apparatus invented by Sir William Armstrong of England for generating electricity by the escape of high-pressure steam from a series of jets connected with a strong boiler, in which the steam is produced.

Hy`dro-ex*tract"or (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + extractor.] An apparatus for drying anything, as yarn, cloth, sugar, etc., by centrifugal force; a centrifugal.

Hy`dro*fer`ri*cy*an"ic (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + ferricyanic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferric iron, and cyanogen; as, hydroferricyanic acid. See Ferricyanic.

Hy`dro*fer`ro*cy*an"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + ferrocyanic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferrous iron, and cyanogen; as, hydroferrocyanic acid. See Ferrocyanic.

Hy`dro*flu"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A supposed compound of hydrofluoris acid and a base; a fluoride. [Archaic]

Hy`dro*flu*or"ic (?), a. [Hydro- , 2 + fluoric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen and fluorine; fluohydric; as, hydrofluoric acid.

Hydrofluoric acid (Chem.), a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HF, very corrosive in its action, and having a strong, pungent, suffocating odor. It is produced by the action of sulphuric acid on fluorite, and is usually collected as a solution in water. It attacks all silicates, as glass or porcelain, is the agent employed in etching glass, and is preserved only in vessels of platinum, lead, caoutchouc, or gutta-percha.

<! p. 717 !>

Hy`dro*flu`o*sil"i*cate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hydrofluosilic acid; a silicofluoride. See Silicofluoride.

Hy`dro*flu`o*si*lic"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + fluorine + silicic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or denoting, a compound consisting of a double fluoride of hydrogen and silicon; silicofluoric. See Silicofluoric.

Hy`dro*gal*van"ic (?), a. [Hydro- , 1 + galvanic.] Pertaining to, produced by, or consisting of, electricity evolved by the action or use of fluids; as, hydrogalvanic currents. [R.]

Hy"dro*gen (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -gen: cf. F. hydrogËne. So called because water is generated by its combustion. See Hydra.] (Chem.) A gaseous element, colorless, tasteless, and odorless, the lightest known substance, being fourteen and a half times lighter than air (hence its use in filling balloons), and over eleven thousand times lighter than water. It is very abundant, being an ingredient of water and of many other substances, especially those of animal or vegetable origin. It may by produced in many ways, but is chiefly obtained by the action of acids (as sulphuric) on metals, as zinc, iron, etc. It is very inflammable, and is an ingredient of coal gas and water gas. It is standard of chemical equivalents or combining weights, and also of valence, being the typical monad. Symbol H. Atomic weight 1.

Although a gas, hydrogen is chemically similar to the metals in its nature, having the properties of a weak base. It is, in all acids, the base which is replaced by metals and basic radicals to form salts. Like all other gases, it is condensed by great cold and pressure to a liquid which freezes and solidifies by its own evaporation. It is absorbed in large quantities by certain metals (esp. palladium), forming alloy-like compounds; hence, in view of quasi-metallic nature, it is sometimes called hydrogenium. It is the typical reducing agent, as opposed to oxidizers, as oxygen, chlorine, etc.

Bicarbureted hydrogen, an old name for ethylene. -- Carbureted hydrogen gas. See under Carbureted. -- Hydrogen dioxide, a thick, colorless liquid, H2O2, resembling water, but having a bitter, sour taste, produced by the action of acids on barium peroxide. It decomposes into water and oxygen, and is manufactured in large quantities for an oxidizing and bleaching agent. Called also oxygenated water. -- Hydrogen oxide, a chemical name for water, H&?;O. -- Hydrogen sulphide, a colorless inflammable gas, H2S, having the characteristic odor of bad eggs, and found in many mineral springs. It is produced by the action of acids on metallic sulphides, and is an important chemical reagent. Called also sulphureted hydrogen.

Hy"dro*gen*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrogenated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrogenating (?).] (Chem.) To hydrogenize.

Hy`dro*gen*a"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act of combining with hydrogen, or the state of being so combined.

Hy"dro*gen*ide (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound containing hydrogen; a hydride. [R.] See Hydride.

Hy`dro*ge"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Hydrogen.] (Chem.) Hydrogen; -- called also in view of its supposed metallic nature. Graham.

Hy"dro*gen*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrogenized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrogenizing (?).] (Chem.) To combine with hydrogen; to treat with, or subject to the action of, hydrogen; to reduce; -- contrasted with oxidize.

Hy*drog"e*nous (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrogen; containing hydrogen.

Hy*drog"no*sy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; knowledge.] A treatise upon, or a history and description of, the water of the earth.

Hy"drog*ode (?), n. [Hydrogen + Gr. &?; way. path.] (Elec.) The negative pole or cathode. [R.]

Hy*drog"ra*pher (?), n. One skilled in the hydrography; one who surveys, or draws maps or charts of, the sea, lakes, or other waters, with the adjacent shores; one who describes the sea or other waters. Boyle.

{ Hy`dro*graph"ic (?), Hy`dro*graph"ic*al (?), } a. Of or relating to hydrography.

Hy*drog"ra*phy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -graphy: cf. F. hydrographie.] 1. The art of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, and other waters, with their phenomena.

2. That branch of surveying which embraces the determination of the contour of the bottom of a harbor or other sheet of water, the depth of soundings, the position of channels and shoals, with the construction of charts exhibiting these particulars.

Hy*drog"u*ret (?), n. [From Hydrogen.] (Chem.) A hydride. [Obs.]

Hy"droid (?), a. [Hydra + - oid.] (Zoˆl.) Related to, or resembling, the hydra; of or pertaining to the Hydroidea. -- n. One of the Hydroideas.

||Hy*droi"de*a, n. pl. [NL. See Hydra, and -oid.] (Zoˆl.) An extensive ||order of Hydrozoa or AcalephÊ. [Written also Hydroida.]

This order includes the hydras and the free-swimming hydromedusÊ, together with a great variety of marine attached hydroids, many of which grow up into large, elegantly branched forms, consisting of a vast number of zooids (hydranths, gonophores, etc.), united by hollow stems. All the zooids of a colony are produced from one primary zooid, by successive buddings. The Siphonophora have also been included in this order by some writers. See Gymnoblastea, Hydromedusa, Gonosome, Gonotheca.

Hy`dro*ki*net"ic (?), a. [Hydro- , 1 + kinetic.] Of or pertaining to the motions of fluids, or the forces which produce or affect such motions; -- opposed to hydrostatic. Sir W. Thomson.

Hy`dro*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrology.

Hy*drol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in hydrology.

Hy*drol"o*gy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -logy: cf. F. hydrologie.] The science of water, its properties, phenomena, and distribution over the earth's surface.

Hy`dro*lyt"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; to loose.] (Chem.) Tending to remove or separate water; eliminating water.

Hydrolytic agents, such as sulphuric acid or caustic alkali.

Encyc. Brit.

Hydrolytic ferment (Physiol. Chem.), a ferment, enzyme, or chemical ferment, which acts only in the presence of water, and which causes the substance acted upon to take up a molecule of water. Thus, diastase of malt, ptyalin of saliva, and boiling dilute sulphuric acid all convert starch by hydration into dextrin and sugar. Nearly all of the digestive ferments are hydrolytic in their action.

Hy`dro*mag"ne*site (h`dr*mg"n*st), n. [Hydro-, 1 + magnesite.] (Min.) A hydrous carbonate of magnesia occurring in white, earthy, amorphous masses.

Hy"dro*man`cy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -mancy: cf. F. hydromancie.] Divination by means of water, -- practiced by the ancients.

Hy`dro*man"tic (?), a. [Cf. F. hydromantique.] Of or pertaining to divination by water.

Hy`dro*me*chan"ics (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + mechanics.] That branch of physics which treats of the mechanics of liquids, or of their laws of equilibrium and of motion.

||Hy`dro*me*du"sa (?), n.; pl. HydromedusÊ (#). [NL. See Hydra, and ||Medusa.] (Zoˆl.) Any medusa or jellyfish which is produced by budding ||from a hydroid. They are called also Craspedota, and naked-eyed ||medusÊ.

Such medusÊ are the reproductive zooids or gonophores, either male or female, of the hydroid from which they arise, whether they become free or remain attached to the hydroid colony. They in turn produce the eggs from which the hydroids are developed. The name is also applied to other similar medusÊ which are not known to bud from a hydroid colony, and even to some which are known to develop directly from the eggs, but which in structure agree essentially with those produced from hydroids. See Hydroidea, and Gymnoblastea.

Hy"dro*mel (?), n. [L. hydromel, hydromeli, Gr. &?;; &?; water + &?; honey: cf. F. hydromel.] A liquor consisting of honey diluted in water, and after fermentation called mead.

Hy`dro*mel*lon"ic (?), a. See Cyamellone.

Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrometallurgy; involving the use of liquid reagents in the treatment or reduction of ores. -- Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al*ly, adv.

Hy`dro*met"al*lur`gy (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + metallurgy.] The art or process of assaying or reducing ores by means of liquid reagents.

Hy`dro*me"te*or (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + meteor.] A meteor or atmospheric phenomenon dependent upon the vapor of water; -- in the pl., a general term for the whole aqueous phenomena of the atmosphere, as rain, snow, hail, etc. Nichol.

Hy`dro*me`te*or`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrometeorology, or to rain, clouds, storms, etc.

Hy`dro*me`te*or*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + meteorology.] That branch of meteorology which relates to, or treats of, water in the atmosphere, or its phenomena, as rain, clouds, snow, hail, storms, etc.

Hy*drom"e*ter (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -meter: cf. F. hydromËtre.] 1. (Physics) An instrument for determining the specific gravities of liquids, and thence the strength spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.

It is usually made of glass with a graduated stem, and indicates the specific gravity of a liquid by the depth to which it sinks in it, the zero of the scale marking the depth to which it sinks in pure water. Extra weights are sometimes used to adapt the scale to liquids of different densities.

2. An instrument, variously constructed, used for measuring the velocity or discharge of water, as in rivers, from reservoirs, etc., and called by various specific names according to its construction or use, as tachometer, rheometer, hydrometer, pendulum, etc.; a current gauge.

{ Hy`dro*met"ric (?), Hy`dro*met"ric*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. hydromËtrique.] 1. Of or pertaining to an hydrometer, or to the determination of the specific gravity of fluids.

2. Of or pertaining to measurement of the velocity, discharge, etc., of running water.

3. Made by means of an hydrometer; as, hydrometric observations.

Hydrometric pendulum, a species of hydrometer consisting of a hollow ball of ivory or metal suspended by a treated from the center of a graduated quadrant, and held in a stream to measure the velocity of the water by the inclination given to the thread; a kind of current gauge.

Hy`dro*met"ro*graph (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + Gr. &?; measure + -graph.] An instrument for determining and recording the quantity of water discharged from a pipe, orifice, etc., in a given time.

Hy*drom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. hydromËtrique.] 1. The art of determining the specific gravity of liquids, and thence the strength of spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.

2. The art or operation of measuring the velocity or discharge of running water, as in rivers, etc.

Hy`dro*mi"ca (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + mica.] (Min.) A variety of potash mica containing water. It is less elastic than ordinary muscovite.

Hydromica schist (Min.), a mica schist characterized by the presence of hydromica. It often has a silky luster and almost soapy feel.

||Hy`dro*ne*phro"sis (?), n. [NL., Gr. "y`dwr water + &?; a kidney.] ||(Med.) An accumulation of urine in the pelvis of the kidney, ||occasioned by obstruction in the urinary passages.

Hy"dro*path (?), n. [Cf. F. hydropathe.] A hydropathist.

{ Hy`dro*path"ic (?), Hy`dro*path"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to hydropathy.

Hy*drop"a*thist (?), n. One who practices hydropathy; a water-cure doctor.

Hy*drop"a*thy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?;, &?;, to suffer.] The water cure; a mode of treating diseases by the copious and frequent use of pure water, both internally and externally.

||Hy`dro*per`i*to*ne"um (?), n. [NL. See Hydro-, and Peritoneum.] ||(Med.) Same as Ascites.

Hy"dro*phane (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; to show, appear: cf. F. hydrophane.] (Min.) A semitranslucent variety of opal that becomes translucent or transparent on immersion in water.

Hy*droph"a*nous (?), a. (Min.) Made transparent by immersion in water.

Hy"dro*phid (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; a small serpent.] (Zoˆl.) Any sea snake of the genus Hydrophys and allied genera. These snakes are venomous, live upon fishes, and have a flattened tail for swimming.

Hy`dro*phlo"rone (?), n. [Hydro- , 2 + phlorone.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline benzene derivative, C8H10O2, obtained by the reduction of phlorone.

Hy`dro*pho"bi*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; "y`dwr water + &?; fear: cf. F. hydrophobie.] (Med.) (a) An abnormal dread of water, said to be a symptom of canine madness; hence: (b) The disease caused by a bite form, or inoculation with the saliva of, a rabid creature, of which the chief symptoms are, a sense of dryness and construction in the throat, causing difficulty in deglutition, and a marked heightening of reflex excitability, producing convulsions whenever the patient attempts to swallow, or is disturbed in any way, as by the sight or sound of water; rabies; canine madness. [Written also hydrophoby.]

Hy`dro*phob"ic (?), a. [L. hydrophobicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. hydrophobique.] Of or pertaining to hydrophobia; producing or caused by rabies; as, hydrophobic symptoms; the hydrophobic poison.

Hy"dro*pho`by (?), n. See Hydrophobia.

||Hy*droph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. &?; to bear.] ||(Zoˆl.) The Hydroidea.

Hy"dro*phore (?), n. [Gr. "y`dwr water + &?; to bear.] An instrument used for the purpose of obtaining specimens of water from any desired depth, as in a river, a lake, or the ocean.

||Hy`dro*phyl"li*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hydrophyllia (#), E. Hydrophylliums ||(#). [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + &?; a leaf.] (Zoˆl.) One of the ||flat, leaflike, protective zooids, covering other zooids of certain ||Siphonophora.

Hy"dro*phyte (?), n. [Gr. &?; + &?; plant: cf. F. hydrophyte.] An aquatic plant; an alga.

Hy*droph`y*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Hydro- + phyte + -logy.] The branch of botany which treats of water plants.

{ Hy*drop"ic (?), Hy*drop"ic*al (?), } a. [L. hydropicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. hydropique. See Dropsy.] Dropsical, or resembling dropsy.

Every lust is a kind of hydropic distemper, and the more we drink
the more we shall thirst.

Tillotson.

Hy*drop"ic*al*ly, adv. In a hydropical manner.

||Hy"dro*pi`per (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + L. piper a ||pepper.] (Bot.) A species (Polygonum Hydropiper) of knotweed with ||acrid foliage; water pepper; smartweed.

Hy`dro*pneu*mat"ic (?), a. [Hydro- , 1 + pneumatic: cf. F. hydropneumatique.] Pertaining to, or depending upon, both liquid and gaseous substances; as, hydropneumatic apparatus for collecting gases over water or other liquids.

Hy"drop`sy (?), n. Same as Dropsy.

Hy"dro*pult (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; to hurl.] A machine for throwing water by hand power, as a garden engine, a fire extinguisher, etc.

Hy`dro*qui"none (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + quinone.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, C6H4(OH)2, obtained by the reduction of quinone. It is a diacid phenol, resembling, and metameric with, pyrocatechin and resorcin. Called also dihydroxy benzene.

||Hy`dro*rhi"za (?), n.; pl. L. HydrorhizÊ (#), E. Hydrorhizas (#). ||[NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. &?; a root.] (Zoˆl.) The rootstock or ||decumbent stem by which a hydroid is attached to other objects. See ||Illust. under Hydroidea.

Hy"dro*salt` (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + salt.] (Chem.) (a) A salt supposed to be formed by a hydracid and a base. (b) An acid salt. [R.] (c) A hydrous salt; a salt combined with water of hydration or crystallization.

<! p. 718 !>

Hy"dro*scope (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -scope.] 1. An instrument designed to mark the presence of water, especially in air. Weale.

2. A kind of water clock, used anciently for measuring time, the water tricking from an orifice at the end of a graduated tube.

{ Hy"dro*some (?), ||Hy`dro*so"ma (?) }, n. [NL. hydrosoma. See Hydra, and -some body.] (Zoˆl.) All the zooids of a hydroid colony collectively, including the nutritive and reproductive zooids, and often other kinds.

Hy`dro*sor"bic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + sorbic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from sorbic acid when this takes up hydrogen; as, hydrosorbic acid.

Hy"dro*stat (?), n. A contrivance or apparatus to prevent the explosion of steam boilers.

{ Hy`dro*stat"ic (?), Hy`dro*stat"ic*al (?), } a. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; causing to stand: cf. F. hydrostatique. See Static.] Of or relating to hydrostatics; pertaining to, or in accordance with, the principles of the equilibrium of fluids.

The first discovery made in hydrostatics since the time of
Archimedes is due to Stevinus.

Hallam.

Hydrostatic balance, a balance for weighing substances in water, for the purpose of ascertaining their specific gravities. -- Hydrostatic bed, a water bed. -- Hydrostatic bellows, an apparatus consisting of a water-tight bellowslike case with a long, upright tube, into which water may be poured to illustrate the hydrostatic paradox. -- Hydrostatic paradox, the proposition in hydrostatics that any quantity of water, however small, may be made to counterbalance any weight, however great; or the law of the equality of pressure of fluids in all directions. -- Hydrostatic press, a machine in which great force, with slow motion, is communicated to a large plunger by means of water forced into the cylinder in which it moves, by a forcing pump of small diameter, to which the power is applied, the principle involved being the same as in the hydrostatic bellows. Also called hydraulic press, and Bramah press. In the illustration, a is a pump with a small plunger b, which forces the water into the cylinder c, thus driving upward the large plunder d, which performs the reduced work, such as compressing cotton bales, etc.

Hy`dro*stat"ic*al*ly, adv. According to hydrostatics, or to hydrostatic principles. Bentley.

Hy`dro*sta*ti"cian (?), n. One who is versed or skilled in hydrostatics. [R.]

Hy`dro*stat"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. hydrostatique.] (Physics) The branch of science which relates to the pressure and equilibrium of nonelastic fluids, as water, mercury, etc.; the principles of statics applied to water and other liquids.

Hy`dro*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Hydrosulphurent.

Hy`dro*sul"phide (?), n. (Chem.) One of a series of compounds, derived from hydrogen sulphide by the replacement of half its hydrogen by a base or basic radical; as, potassium hydrosulphide, KSH. The hydrosulphides are analogous to the hydrates and include the mercaptans.

Hy`dro*sul"phite (?), n. (Chem.) A saline compound of hydrosulphurous acid and a base. [R.]

Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrosulphide. [Archaic]

Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret`ed (?), a. (Chem.) Combined with hydrogen sulphide.

Hy`dro*sul*phu"ric (?), a. [Hydro- , 2 + sulphuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and sulphur; as, hydrosulphuric acid, a designation applied to the solution of hydrogen sulphide in water.

Hy`dro*sul"phur*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. See Hyposulphurous acid, under Hyposulphurous.

Hy`dro*tel"lu*rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt formed by the union of hydrotelluric acid and the base.

Hy`dro*tel*lu"ric (?), a. [Hydro- , 2 + telluric.] (Chem.) Formed by hydrogen and tellurium; as, hydrotelluric acid, or hydrogen telluride.

||Hy`dro*the"ca (?), n.; pl. L. HydrothecÊ (#), E. Hydrothecas (#). ||[NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. &?; a box.] (Zoˆl.) One of the calicles ||which, in some Hydroidea (Thecaphora), protect the hydrants. See ||Illust. of Hydroidea, and Campanularian.

Hy`dro*ther"a*py (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + therapy.] (Med.) See Hydropathy.

Hy`dro*ther"mal (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + thermal.] Of or pertaining to hot water; -- used esp. with reference to the action of heated waters in dissolving, redepositing, and otherwise producing mineral changes within the crust of the globe.

Hy`dro*tho"rax (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + thorax.] (Med.) An accumulation of serous fluid in the cavity of the chest.

Hy*drot"ic (?), a. [Gr. "y`dwr water: cf. Gr. &?; moisture, F. hydrotique.] Causing a discharge of water or phlegm. -- n. (Med.) A hydrotic medicine.

Hy*drot"ic*al (?), a. Hydrotic.

Hy"dro*trope (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; to turn, direct.] A device for raising water by the direct action of steam; a pulsometer.

Hy`dro*trop"ic (?), a. [See Hydrotrope.] (Bot.) Turning or bending towards moisture, as roots.

Hy*drot"ro*pism (?), n. (Bot.) A tendency towards moisture.

Hy"drous (?), a. [Gr. "y`dwr water.] 1. Containing water; watery.

2. (Chem.) Containing water of hydration or crystallization.

Hy`dro*xan"thane (?), n. (Chem.) A persulphocyanate. [Obs.]

Hy`dro*xan"thic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + xanthic.] (Chem.) Persulphocyanic.

Hy*drox"ide (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + oxide.] (Chem.) A hydrate; a substance containing hydrogen and oxygen, made by combining water with an oxide, and yielding water by elimination. The hydroxides are regarded as compounds of hydroxyl, united usually with basic element or radical; as, calcium hydroxide ethyl hydroxide.

Hy*drox"y- (?). (Chem.) A combining form, also used adjectively, indicating hydroxyl as an ingredient.

Hydroxy acid (Chem.), an organic acid, having (besides the hydroxyl group of the carboxyl radical) an alcoholic hydroxyl group, and thus having the qualities of an alcohol in addition to its acid properties; as, lactic and tartaric acids are hydroxy acids.

Hy*drox"yl (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, or unsaturated group, HO, consisting of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen. It is a characteristic part of the hydrates, the alcohols, the oxygen acids, etc.

Hy*drox`yl*am"ine (?), n. [Hydroxyl + amine.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous, organic base, NH2.OH, resembling ammonia, and produced by a modified reduction of nitric acid. It is usually obtained as a volatile, unstable solution in water. It acts as a strong reducing agent.

||Hy`dro*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. &?; an animal.] ||(Zoˆl.) The AcalephÊ; one of the classes of cúlenterates, including ||the Hydroidea, Discophora, and Siphonophora.

Hy`dro*zo"al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Hydrozoa.

||Hy`dro*zo"ˆn (?), n.; pl. L. Hydrozoa (#), E. Hydrozoˆns (#). [NL.] ||(Zoˆl.) One of the Hydrozoa.

Hy"dru*ret (?), n. [Hydro-, 2] (Chem.) A binary compound of hydrogen; a hydride. [Obs.]

||Hy"drus (?), n. [L., a water serpent; also, a certain constellation, ||Gr. "y`dros.] (Astron.) A constellation of the southern hemisphere, ||near the south pole.

Hye (?), n. & v. See Hie. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hy*e"mal (?), a. [L. hyemalis, or better hiemalis, fr. hyems, hiems, winter: cf. F. hyÈmal.] Belonging to winter; done in winter. Sir T. Browne.

Hy"e*mate (?), v. i. [L. hiemare, hiematum. See Hyemal.] To pass the winter. [Obs. & R.]

Hy`e*ma"tion (?), n. [L. hiematio.] 1. The passing of a winter in a particular place; a wintering.

2. The act of affording shelter in winter. [Obs.]

Hy"en (?), n. [F. hyËne.] A hyena. [Obs.] Shak.

Hy*e"na (?), n.; pl. Hyenas (#). [L. hyaena, Gr. &?;, orig., a sow, but usually, a Libyan wild beast, prob., the hyena, fr. &?; hog: cf. F. hyËne. See Sow female hog.] (Zoˆl.) Any carnivorous mammal of the family HyÊnidÊ, of which three living species are known. They are large and strong, but cowardly. They feed chiefly on carrion, and are nocturnal in their habits. [Written also hyÊna.]

The striped hyena (HyÊna striata) inhabits Southern Asia and a large part of Africa. The brown hyena (H. brunnea), and the spotted hyena (Crocuta maculata), are found in Southern Africa. The extinct cave hyena (H. spelÊa) inhabited England and France.

Cave hyena. See under Cave. -- Hyena dog (Zoˆl.), a South African canine animal (Lycaon venaticus), which hunts in packs, chiefly at night. It is smaller than the common wolf, with very large, erect ears, and a bushy tail. Its color is reddish or yellowish brown, blotched with black and white. Called also hunting dog.

Hy"e*tal (?), a. [Gr. &?; rain, from &?; to rain.] Of or pertaining to rain; descriptive of the distribution of rain, or of rainy regions.

Hy"e*to*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; rain + -graph.] A chart or graphic representation of the average distribution of rain over the surface of the earth.

Hy`e*to*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to to hyetography.

Hy`e*tog"ra*phy (?), n. The branch of physical science which treats of the geographical distribution of rain.

Hy*ge"ia (?), n. [L. Hygea, Hygia, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, health, &?;, Hygeia, fr. &?; sound, healthy.] (Classic Myth.) The goddess of health, daughter of Esculapius.

Hy*ge"ian (?), a. Relating to Hygeia, the goddess of health; of or pertaining to health, or its preservation.

Hy"ge*ist (?), n. One skilled in hygiena; a hygienist.

Hy"gie*ist (?), n. A hygienist.

Hy"gi*ene (?), n. [F. hygiËne. See Hygeia.] That department of sanitary science which treats of the preservation of health, esp. of households and communities; a system of principles or rules designated for the promotion of health.

Hy`gi*en"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. hygiÈnique.] Of or pertaining to health or hygiene; sanitary.

Hy`gi*en"ics, n. The science of health; hygiene.

Hy"gi*en*ism (?), n. Hygiene.

Hy"gi*en*ist, n. One versed in hygiene.

Hy`gi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; health + -logy.] A treatise on, or the science of, the preservation of health. [R.]

Hy"grine (?), n. [From Gr. &?; moist.] (Chem.) An alkaloid associated with cocaine in coca leaves (Erythroxylon coca), and extracted as a thick, yellow oil, having a pungent taste and odor.

Hy"gro*deik (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet, moist, and &?; to show.] (Physics) A form of hygrometer having wet and dry bulb thermometers, with an adjustable index showing directly the percentage of moisture in the air, etc.

Hy"gro*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet + -graph.] (Physics) An instrument for recording automatically the variations of the humidity of the atmosphere.

Hy*grol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet + -logy: cf. F. hygrologie.] (Med.) The science which treats of the fluids of the body.

Hy*grom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet, moist + -meter: cf. F. hygromËtre.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the degree of moisture of the atmosphere.

Daniell's hygrometer, a form of hygrometer consisting of a bent glass tube terminating in two bulbs, the one covered with muslin, the other of black glass, and containing ether and a thermometer. Ether being poured on the muslin, the black ball, cooled by the evaporation of the ether within, is soon covered with dew; at this moment, the inclosed thermometer gives the dew-point, and this, compared with the reading of one in the air, determines the humidity.

{ Hy`gro*met"ric (?), Hy`gro*met"ric*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. hygromÈtrique.] 1. Of or pertaining to hygrometry; made with, or according to, the hygrometer; as, hygrometric observations.

2. Readily absorbing and retaining moisture; as, hygrometric substances, like potash.

Hy*grom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. hygromÈtrie.] (Physics) That branch of physics which relates to the determination of the humidity of bodies, particularly of the atmosphere, with the theory and use of the instruments constructed for this purpose.

Hy*groph"a*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; wet + &?; to show.] Having such a structure as to be diaphanous when moist, and opaque when dry.

Hy`groph*thal"mic (?), a. [Gr. &?; wet + E. ophthalmic.] (Anat.) Serving to moisten the eye; -- sometimes applied to the lachrymal ducts.

Hy"gro*plasm (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet + &?; form, mold.] (Biol.) The fluid portion of the cell protoplasm, in opposition to stereoplasm, the solid or insoluble portion. The latter is supposed to be partly nutritive and partly composed of idioplasm.

Hy"gro*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet + -scope: cf. F. hygroscope.] (Physics) An instrument which shows whether there is more or less moisture in the atmosphere, without indicating its amount.

Hy`gro*scop"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. hygroscopique.] 1. Of or pertaining to, or indicated by, the hygroscope; not readily manifest to the senses, but capable of detection by the hygroscope; as, glass is often covered with a film of hygroscopic moisture.

2. Having the property of readily inbibing moisture from the atmosphere, or of the becoming coated with a thin film of moisture, as glass, etc.

Hy`gro*sco*pic"i*ty (?), n. (Bot.) The property possessed by vegetable tissues of absorbing or discharging moisture according to circumstances.

Hy`gro*stat"ics (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet + &?;. See Statics.] The science or art of comparing or measuring degrees of moisture. Evelyn.

Hyke (?), n. See Haik, and Huke.

{ Hy"lÊ*o*saur` (?), ||Hy`lÊ*o*sau"rus (?), } n. [NL. hylaeosaurus, fr. Gr. &?; belonging to a forest (fr. &?; wood) + &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) A large Wealden dinosaur from the Tilgate Forest, England. It was about twenty feet long, protected by bony plates in the skin, and armed with spines.

Hy*lar"chi*cal (?), a. [Gr. &?; wood, matter + &?;: cf. F. hylarchique. See Archical.] Presiding over matter. [Obs.] Hallywell.

Hy"le*o*saur" (?), n. Same as HylÊosaur.

Hyl"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to matter; material; corporeal; as, hylic influences.

Hy"li*cist (?), n. [Gr. &?; adj., material, fr. &?; wood, matter.] A philosopher who treats chiefly of matter; one who adopts or teaches hylism.

<! p. 719 !>

Hy"lism (?), n. [Gr. &?; wood, matter.] (Metaph.) A theory which regards matter as the original principle of evil.

Hy"lo*bate (?), n. [Gr. &?; one that walks or inhabits the woods: &?; a wood + &?; to go.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of the genus Hylobates; a gibbon, or long-armed ape. See Gibbon.

||Hy*lo"des (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; woody, wooded, muddy; &?; a wood ||+ &?; form.] (Zoˆl.) The piping frog (Hyla Pickeringii), a small ||American tree frog, which in early spring, while breeding in swamps ||and ditches, sings with high, shrill, but musical, notes.

Hy"lo*ism (?), n. Same as Hylotheism.

Hy"lo*ist, n. [Gr. &?; wood, matter.] Same as Hylotheist.

Hy*lop"a*thism (?), n. [Gr. &?; matter + &?;, &?;, to suffer.] The doctrine that matter is sentient. Krauth-Fleming.

Hy*lop"a*thist (?), n. One who believes in hylopathism.

Hy*loph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. &?; wood + &?; to eat.] (Zoˆl.) Eating green shoots, as certain insects do.

Hy"lo*the*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?; wood, matter + &?; God.] The doctrine of belief that matter is God, or that there is no God except matter and the universe; pantheism. See Materialism.

Hy"lo*the*ist, n. One who believes in hylotheism.

Hy`lo*zo"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to hylozoism.

Hy`lo*zo"ism (?), n. [Gr. &?; wood, matter + &?; life, fr. &?; to live: cf. F. hylozoÔsme.] The doctrine that matter possesses a species of life and sensation, or that matter and life are inseparable. [R.] Cudworth.

Hy`lo*zo"ist, n. A believer in hylozoism. A. Tucker.

Hy*mar" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The wild ass of Persia.

Hy"men (?), n. [Gr. &?; skin, membrane.] (Anat.) A fold of muscous membrane often found at the orifice of the vagina; the vaginal membrane.

Hy"men, n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. (Class Myth.) A fabulous deity; according to some, the son of Apollo and Urania, according to others, of Bacchus and Venus. He was the god of marriage, and presided over nuptial solemnities.

Till Hymen brought his love-delighted hour, There dwelt no joy in
Eden's rosy bower.

Campbell.

2. Marriage; union as if by marriage.

Hymen of element and race.

Emerson.

{ Hy`me*ne"al (?), Hy`me*ne"an (?), } a. [L. hymeneius, a., also Hymenaeus, n., Hymen, Gr. &?; the wedding song, also &?; Hymen: cf. F. hymÈnÈal, hymÈnÈen.] Of or pertaining to marriage; as, hymeneal rites. Pope.

{ Hy`me*ne"al, Hy`me*ne"an, } n. A marriage song. Milton.

||Hy*me"ni*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hymenia (#), E. Hymeniums (#). [NL., fr. ||Gr. &?; a membrane.] (Bot.) The spore-bearing surface of certain ||fungi, as that on the gills of a mushroom.

Hy`me*nog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?; a membrane + root of &?; to be born.] The production of artificial membranes by contact of two fluids, as albumin and fat, by which the globules of the latter are surrounded by a thin film of the former.

||Hy`me*no*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a membrane + &?;, ||&?;, a mushroom.] (Bot.) One of the great divisions of fungi, ||containing those species in which the hymenium is completely exposed. ||M. J. Berkley.

Hy*men"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. &?; a membrane + &?; to bear.] (Bot.) That part of a fungus which is covered with the hymenium.

Hy`me*nop"ter (?), n. [Cf. F. hymÈnoptËre.] (Zoˆl.) One of the Hymenoptera.

||Hy`me*nop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; membrane-winged; &?; ||skin, membrane + &?; wing.] (Zoˆl.) An extensive order of insects, ||including the bees, ants, ichneumons, sawflies, etc.

They have four membranous wings, with few reticulations, and usually with a thickened, dark spot on the front edge of the anterior wings. In most of the species, the tongue, or lingua, is converted into an organ for sucking honey, or other liquid food, and the mandibles are adapted for biting or cutting. In one large division (Aculeata), including the bees, wasps, and ants, the females and workers usually have a sting, which is only a modified ovipositor.

{ Hy`me*nop"ter*al (?), Hy`me*nop"ter*ous (?), } a. (Zoˆl.) Like, or characteristic of, the Hymenoptera; pertaining to the Hymenoptera.

Hy`me*nop"ter*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Hymenoptera.

Hymn (hm), n. [OE. hympne, ympne, F. hymne, OF. also ymne, L. hymnus, Gr. &?;; perh. akin to &?; web, &?; to weave, and so to E. weave.] An ode or song of praise or adoration; especially, a religious ode, a sacred lyric; a song of praise or thanksgiving intended to be used in religious service; as, the Homeric hymns; Watts' hymns.

Admonishing one another in psalms and hymns.

Col. iii. 16.

Where angels first should practice hymns, and string Their tuneful
harps.

Dryden.

Hymn book, a book containing a collection of hymns, as for use in churches; a hymnal.

Hymn (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hymned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hymning (?).] [Cf. L. hymnire, Gr. &?;.] To praise in song; to worship or extol by singing hymns; to sing.

To hymn the bright of the Lord.

Keble.

Their praise is hymned by loftier harps than mine.

Byron.

Hymn, v. i. To sing in praise or adoration. Milton.

Hym"nal (?), n. A collection of hymns; a hymn book.

Hym"nic (?), a. [Cf. F. hymnique.] Relating to hymns, or sacred lyrics. Donne.

Hymn"ing (?), a. Praising with hymns; singing. "The hymning choir." G. West.

Hymn"ing, n. The singing of hymns. Milton.

Hym"nist (?), n. A writer of hymns.

Hym"no*dy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; a hymn + &?; a song, a singing.] Hymns, considered collectively; hymnology.

Hym*nog"ra*pher (?), n. 1. One who writes on the subject of hymns.

2. A writer or composed of hymns.

Hym*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; hymn + graphy.] The art or act of composing hymns.

Hym*nol"o*gist (?), n. A composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology. Busby.

Hym*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; hymn + -logy: cf. F. hymnologie.] 1. The hymns or sacred lyrics composed by authors of a particular country or period; as, the hymnology of the eighteenth century; also, the collective body of hymns used by any particular church or religious body; as, the Anglican hymnology.

2. A knowledge of hymns; a treatise on hymns.

Hymp"ne (?), n. A hymn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hynd"reste (?), a. See Hinderest. [Obs.]

Hyne (?), n. A servant. See Hine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hy"o- (?). [See Hyod.] A prexif used in anatomy, and generally denoting connection with the hyoid bone or arch; as, hyoglossal, hyomandibular, hyomental, etc.

||Hy`o*ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hyo-, and Canoidei.] (Zoˆl.) A ||division of ganoid fishes, including the gar pikes and bowfins. -- ||Hy`o*ga"noid (#), a.

Hy`o*glos"sal (?), a. [Hyo- + Gr. &?; tongue.] (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to or connecting the tongue and hyodean arch; as, the hyoglossal membrane. (b) Of or pertaining to the hyoglossus muscle.

||Hy`o*glos"sus (?), n. [NL., fr. hyo- hyo- + Gr. glw^ssa tongue.] ||(Anat.) A flat muscle on either side of the tongue, connecting it ||with the hyoid bone.

Hy"oid (?), a. [Gr. &?; fr. the letter + &?; form: cf. F. hyoÔde.] 1. Having the form of an arch, or of the Greek letter upsilon [].

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the bony or cartilaginous arch which supports the tongue. Sometimes applied to the tongue itself.

Hyoid arch (Anat.), the arch of cartilaginous or bony segments, which connects the base of the tongue with either side of the skull. -- Hyoid bone (Anat.), the bone in the base of the tongue, the middle part of the hyoid arch.

Hy"oid, n. The hyoid bone.

{ Hy*oid"e*al (?), Hy*oid"e*an (?), } a. Same as Hyoid, a.

Hy`o*man*dib"u*lar (?), a. [Hyo- + mandibular.] (Anat.) Pertaining both to the hyoidean arch and the mandible or lower jaw; as, the hyomandibular bone or cartilage, a segment of the hyoid arch which connects the lower jaw with the skull in fishes. -- n. The hyomandibular bone or cartilage.

Hy`o*men"tal (?), a. [Hyo- + mental of the chin.] (Anat.) Between the hyoid bone and the lower jaw, pertaining to them; suprahyoid; submaxillary; as, the hyomental region of the front of the neck.

Hy`o*pas"tron (?), n. [Hyo- + plastron.] (Zoˆl.) The second lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also hyosternum.

Hy*os"cine (?), n. [See Hyoscyamus.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found with hyoscyamine (with which it is also isomeric) in henbane, and extracted as a white, amorphous, semisolid substance.

Hy`os*cy"a*mine (?), n. [See Hyoscyamus.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), and regarded as its active principle. It is also found with other alkaloids in the thorn apple and deadly nightshade. It is extracted as a white crystalline substance, with a sharp, offensive taste. Hyoscyamine is isomeric with atropine, is very poisonous, and is used as a medicine for neuralgia, like belladonna. Called also hyoscyamia, duboisine, etc.

||Hy`os*cy"a*mus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; a sow, hog + &?; a ||bean.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of poisonous plants of the Nightshade ||family; henbane.

2. (Med.) The leaves of the black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), used in neuralgic and pectorial troubles.

Hy`o*ster"nal (?), a. [Hyo- + ternal.] (Anat.) (a) Between the hyoid bone and the sternum, or pertaining to them; infrahyoid; as, the hyosternal region of the neck. (b) Pertaining to the hyosternum of turtles.

||Hy`o*ster"num (?), n. [Hyo- + sternum.] (Anat.) See Hyoplastron.

Hy`o*styl"ic (?), a. [Hyo- + Gr. &?; a pillar.] (Anat.) Having the mandible suspended by the hyomandibular, or upper part of the hyoid arch, as in fishes, instead of directly articulated with the skull as in mammals; -- said of the skull.

Hyp (?), n. An abbreviation of hypochonaria; -- usually in plural. [Colloq.]

Heaven send thou hast not got the hyps.

Swift.

Hyp, v. t. To make melancholy. [Colloq.] W. Irving.

{ Hy*pÊ"thral, Hy*pe"thral (?) }, a. [L. hypaethrus in the open air, uncovered, Gr. &?;; &?; under + &?; ether, the clear sky.] (Arch.) Exposed to the air; wanting a roof; -- applied to a building or part of a building. Gwilt.

Hy*pal"la*ge (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, prop., interchange, exchange, fr, &?; to interchange; &?; under + &?; to change.] (Gram.) A figure consisting of a transference of attributes from their proper subjects to others. Thus Virgil says, "dare classibus austros," to give the winds to the fleets, instead of dare classibus austris, to give the fleets to the winds.

The hypallage, of which Virgil is fonder than any other writer, is
much the gravest fault in language.

Landor.

||Hy*pan"thi*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hypanthia (#), E. Hypanthiums (#). ||[NL., fr. Gr. "ypo beneath + 'a`nqos flower.] (Bot.) A fruit ||consisting in large part of a receptacle, enlarged below the calyx, ||as in the Calycanthus, the rose hip, and the pear.

||Hy`pa*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Hypapophyles (#). [NL. See Hypo-, and ||Apophysis.] (Anat.) A process, or other element, of a vertebra ||developed from the ventral side of the centrum, as hÊmal spines, and ||chevron bones. -- Hy`pa*po*phys"i*al (#), a.

Hy`par*te"ri*al (?), a. [Hypo- + arterial.] (Anat.) Situated below an artery; applied esp. to the branches of the bronchi given off below the point where the pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus.

Hy*pas"pist (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.) A shield-bearer or armor-bearer. Mitford.

Hy*pax"i*al (?), a. [Hypo- + axial.] (Anat.) Beneath the axis of the skeleton; subvertebral; hyposkeletal.

hype v. t. 1. to publicize [e.g. a product or a future event] insistently, in a manner exaggerating the importance of; to promote flamboyantly. [wns=1] [WordNet 1.5]

2. To stimulate or excite (a person); -- usually used with up, and often in the passive form; as, she was all hyped up over her upcoming wedding. [PJC]

hype n. Intense publicity for a future event, performed in a showy or excessively dramatic manner suggesting an importance not justified by the event; as, the hype surrounding the superbowl is usually ludicrous. [PJC]

Hy"per- (?). [Gr. "ype`r over, above; akin to L. super, E. over. See Over, and cf. Super- .] 1. A prefix signifying over, above; as, hyperphysical, hyperthyrion; also, above measure, abnormally great, excessive; as, hyperÊmia, hyperbola, hypercritical, hypersecretion.

2. (Chem.) A prefix equivalent to super- or per-; as hyperoxide, or peroxide. [Obs.] See Per-.

||Hy`per*Ê"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ype`r over + a"i^ma blood.] ||(Med.) A superabundance or congestion of blood in an organ or part of ||the body.

Active hyperÊmia, congestion due to increased flow of blood to a part. -- Passive hyperÊmia, interchange due to obstruction in the return of blood from a part.

-- Hy`per*Ê"mic (#), a.

||Hy`per*Ês*the"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ype`r over + &?; sense, ||perception.] (Med. & Physiol.) A state of exalted or morbidly ||increased sensibility of the body, or of a part of it. -- ||Hy`per*Ês*thet"ic (#), a.

||Hy`per*a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Hyperapophyses (#). [NL. See Hyper- ||, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) A lateral and backward-projecting process ||on the dorsal side of a vertebra. - - Hy`per*ap`o*phys"i*al (#), a.

Hy`per*as"pist (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to cover with a shield; "ype`r over + &?; shield.] One who holds a shield over another; hence, a defender. [Obs.] Chillingworth.

Hy`per*bat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an hyperbaton; transposed; inverted.

||Hy*per"ba*ton (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; transposed, fr. &?; ||to step over; "ype`r over + &?; to step.] (Gram.) A figurative ||construction, changing or inverting the natural order of words or ||clauses; as, "echoed the hills" for "the hills echoed."

With a violent hyperbaton to transpose the text.

Milton.

Hy*per"bo*la (?), n. [Gr. &?;, prop., an overshooting, excess, i. e., of the angle which the cutting plane makes with the base. See Hyperbole.] (Geom.) A curve formed by a section of a cone, when the cutting plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the cone makes. It is a plane curve such that the difference of the distances from any point of it to two fixed points, called foci, is equal to a given distance. See Focus. If the cutting plane be produced so as to cut the opposite cone, another curve will be formed, which is also an hyperbola. Both curves are regarded as branches of the same hyperbola. See Illust. of Conic section, and Focus.

Hy*per"bo*le (?), n. [L., fr. Gr&?;, prop., an overshooting, excess, fr. Gr. &?; to throw over or beyond; "ype`r over + &?; to throw. See Hyper-, Parable, and cf. Hyperbola.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which the expression is an evident exaggeration of the meaning intended to be conveyed, or by which things are represented as much greater or less, better or worse, than they really are; a statement exaggerated fancifully, through excitement, or for effect.

Our common forms of compliment are almost all of them extravagant
hyperboles.

Blair.

Somebody has said of the boldest figure in rhetoric, the hyperbole,
that it lies without deceiving.

Macaulay.

{ Hy`per*bol"ic (?), Hy`per*bol"ic*al (?), } a. [L. hyperbolicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. hyperbolique.] 1. (Math.) Belonging to the hyperbola; having the nature of the hyperbola.

2. (Rhet.) Relating to, containing, or of the nature of, hyperbole; exaggerating or diminishing beyond the fact; exceeding the truth; as, an hyperbolical expression. "This hyperbolical epitaph." Fuller.

Hyperbolic functions (Math.), certain functions which have relations to the hyperbola corresponding to those which sines, cosines, tangents, etc., have to the circle; and hence, called hyperbolic sines, hyperbolic cosines, etc. -- Hyperbolic logarithm. See Logarithm. -- Hyperbolic spiral (Math.), a spiral curve, the law of which is, that the distance from the pole to the generating point varies inversely as the angle swept over by the radius vector.

<! p. 720 !>

Hy`per*bol"ic*al*ly (?), adv. 1. (Math.) In the form of an hyperbola.

2. (Rhet.) With exaggeration; in a manner to express more or less than the truth. Sir W. Raleigh.

Hy`per*bol"i*form (?), a. [Hyperbola + -form.] Having the form, or nearly the form, of an hyperbola.

Hy*per"bo*lism (?), n. [Cf. F. hyperbolisme.] The use of hyperbole. Jefferson.

Hy*per"bo*list (?), n. One who uses hyperboles.

Hy*per"bo*lize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hyperbolized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hyperbolizing (?).] [Cf. F. hyperboliser.] To speak or write with exaggeration. Bp. Montagu.

Hy*per"bo*lize, v. t. To state or represent hyperbolically. Fotherby.

Hy*per"bo*loid (?), n. [Hyperbola + -oid: cf. F. hyperboloÔde.] (Geom.) A surface of the second order, which is cut by certain planes in hyperbolas; also, the solid, bounded in part by such a surface.

Hyperboloid of revolution, an hyperboloid described by an hyperbola revolving about one of its axes. The surface has two separate sheets when the axis of revolution is the transverse axis, but only one when the axis of revolution is the conjugate axis of the hyperbola.

Hy*per"bo*loid, a. (Geom.) Having some property that belongs to an hyperboloid or hyperbola.

Hy`per*bo"re*an (?), a. [L. hyperboreus, Gr. &?;; "ype`r over, beyond + &?;. See Boreas.] 1. (Greek Myth.) Of or pertaining to the region beyond the North wind, or to its inhabitants.

2. Northern; belonging to, or inhabiting, a region in very far north; most northern; hence, very cold; fright, as, a hyperborean coast or atmosphere.

The hyperborean or frozen sea.

C. Butler (1633).

Hy`per*bo"re*an, n. 1. (Greek Myth.) One of the people who lived beyond the North wind, in a land of perpetual sunshine.

2. An inhabitant of the most northern regions.

Hy`per*car"bu*ret`ed (?), a. (Chem.) Having an excessive proportion of carbonic acid; -- said of bicarbonates or acid carbonates. [Written also hypercarburetted.]

Hy`per*cat`a*lec"tic (?), a. [L. hypercatalecticus, hypercatalectus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. hypercatalectique. See Hyper-, and Catalectic.] (Pros.) Having a syllable or two beyond measure; as, a hypercatalectic verse.

Hy`per*chlo"ric (?), a. (Chem.) See Perchloric.

Hy`per*chro"ma*tism (?), n. The condition of having an unusual intensity of color.

Hy`per*crit"ic (?), n. [Pref. hyper- + critic: cf. F. hypercritique.] One who is critical beyond measure or reason; a carping critic; a captious censor. "Hypercritics in English poetry." Dryden.

Hy`per*crit"ic, a. Hypercritical.

Hy`per*crit"ic*al (?), a. 1. Over critical; unreasonably or unjustly critical; carping; captious. "Hypercritical readers." Swift.

2. Excessively nice or exact. Evelyn.

Hy`per*crit"ic*al*ly, adv. In a hypercritical manner.

Hy`per*crit"i*cise (?), v. t. To criticise with unjust severity; to criticise captiously.

Hy`per*crit"i*cism (?), n. Excessive criticism, or unjust severity or rigor of criticism; zoilism.

Hy`per*di*crot"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Excessive dicrotic; as, a hyperdicrotic pulse.

Hy`per*di"cro*tism (?), n. (Physiol.) A hyperdicrotic condition.

Hy`per*di"cro*tous (?), a. (Physiol.) Hyperdicrotic.

||Hy`per*du*li"a (?), n. [Pref. hyper- + dulia: cf. F. hyperdulie.] (R. ||C. Ch.) Veneration or worship given to the Virgin Mary as the most ||exalted of mere creatures; higher veneration than dulia. Addis & ||Arnold.

Hy"per*du`ly (?), n. Hyperdulia. [Obs.]

Hy`per*es*the"si*a (?), n. Same as HyperÊsthesia.

||Hy*per"i*cum (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; under, among + &?;, ||&?;, heath, heather.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, generally with dotted ||leaves and yellow flowers; -- called also St. John's-wort.

||Hy`per*i*no"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ype`r over + &?;, &?;, ||strength, fiber.] (Med.) A condition of the blood, characterized by ||an abnormally large amount of fibrin, as in many inflammatory ||diseases.

Hy*pe"ri*on (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Class Myth.) The god of the sun; in the later mythology identified with Apollo, and distinguished for his beauty.

So excellent a king; that was, to this, Hyperion to a satyr.

Shak.

||Hy`per*ki*ne"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ype`r over + &?; motion.] ||(Med.) Abnormally increased muscular movement; spasm.

Hy`per*ki*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to hyperkinesis.

Hy`per*met`a*mor"pho*sis (?), n. [Hyper- + metamorphosis.] (Zoˆl.) A kind of metamorphosis, in certain insects, in which the larva itself undergoes remarkable changes of form and structure during its growth.

Hy*per"me*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; beyond all measure; "ype`r over, beyond + &?; measure: cf. F. hypermËtre.] 1. (Pros.) A verse which has a redundant syllable or foot; a hypercatalectic verse.

2. Hence, anything exceeding the ordinary standard.

When a man rises beyond six foot, he is an hypermeter.

Addison.

Hy`per*met"ric*al (?), a. Having a redundant syllable; exceeding the common measure.

Hypermetrical verse (Gr. & Lat. Pros.), a verse which contains a syllable more than the ordinary measure.

{ ||Hy`per*me*tro"pi*a (?), Hy`per*met"ro*py (?), } n. [NL. hypermetropia, fr. Gr. &?; excessive + &?;, &?;, the eye. See Hypermeter.] A condition of the eye in which, through shortness of the eyeball or fault of the refractive media, the rays of light come to a focus behind the retina; farsightedness; -- called also hyperopia. Cf. Emmetropia.

In hypermetropia, vision for distant objects, although not better absolutely, is better than that for near objects, and hence, the individual is said to be farsighted. It is corrected by the use of convex glasses.

-- Hy`per*me*trop"ic (#), a.

||Hy`per*myr`i*o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; beyond + &?; countless ||+ &?; view.] A show or exhibition having a great number of scenes or ||views.