Chapter XXIII: Part 23

Gal"le*ass (?; 135), n. [F. galÈasse, galÈace; cf. It. galeazza, Sp. galeaza; LL. galea a galley. See Galley.] (Naut.) A large galley, having some features of the galleon, as broadside guns; esp., such a vessel used by the southern nations of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. See Galleon, and Galley. [Written variously galeas, gallias, etc.]

"The galleasses . . . were a third larger than the ordinary galley, and rowed each by three hundred galley slaves. They consisted of an enormous towering structure at the stern, a castellated structure almost equally massive in front, with seats for the rowers amidships." Motley.

{ Gal*le"gan (gl*l"gan), Gal*le"go (gl*l"g or g*ly"g), } n. [Sp. Gallego.] A native or inhabitant of Galicia, in Spain; a Galician.

Gal"le*Ôn (?), n. [Pyrogallol + phthaleÔn.] (Chem.) A red crystalline dyestuff, obtained by heating together pyrogallic and phthalic acids.

Gal"le*on (?), n. [Sp. galeon, cf. F. galion; fr. LL. galeo, galio. See Galley.] (Naut.) A sailing vessel of the 15th and following centuries, often having three or four decks, and used for war or commerce. The term is often rather indiscriminately applied to any large sailing vessel.

The galleons . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy vessels, with
bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up at stem and stern,
like castles.

Motley.

Gal"le*ot (?), n. (Naut.) See Galiot.

Gal"ler*y (?), n.; pl. Galleries (#). [F. galerie, It. galleria, fr. LL. galeria gallery, perh. orig., a festal hall, banquetting hall; cf. OF. galerie a rejoicing, fr. galer to rejoice. Cf. Gallant, a.] 1. A long and narrow corridor, or place for walking; a connecting passageway, as between one room and another; also, a long hole or passage excavated by a boring or burrowing animal.

2. A room for the exhibition of works of art; as, a picture gallery; hence, also, a large or important collection of paintings, sculptures, etc.

3. A long and narrow platform attached to one or more sides of public hall or the interior of a church, and supported by brackets or columns; -- sometimes intended to be occupied by musicians or spectators, sometimes designed merely to increase the capacity of the hall.

4. (Naut.) A frame, like a balcony, projecting from the stern or quarter of a ship, and hence called stern gallery or quarter gallery, -- seldom found in vessels built since 1850.

5. (Fort.) Any communication which is covered overhead as well as at the sides. When prepared for defense, it is a defensive gallery.

6. (Mining) A working drift or level.

Whispering gallery. See under Whispering.

Gal"le*tyle (?), n. [OE. gallytile. Cf. Gallipot.] A little tile of glazed earthenware. [Obs.] "The substance of galletyle." Bacon.

Gal"ley (?), n.; pl. Galleys (#). [OE. gale, galeie (cf. OF. galie, galÈe, LL. galea, LGr. &?;; of unknown origin.] 1. (Naut.) A vessel propelled by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; as: (a) A large vessel for war and national purposes; -- common in the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th century. (b) A name given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other ancient vessels propelled by oars. (c) A light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers, press gangs, and also for pleasure. (d) One of the small boats carried by a man-of- war.

The typical galley of the Mediterranean was from one hundred to two hundred feet long, often having twenty oars on each side. It had two or three masts rigged with lateen sails, carried guns at prow and stern, and a complement of one thousand to twelve hundred men, and was very efficient in mediaeval warfare. Galleons, galliots, galleasses, half galleys, and quarter galleys were all modifications of this type.

2. The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel; -- sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose.

3. (Chem.) An oblong oven or muffle with a battery of retorts; a gallery furnace.

4. [F. galÈe; the same word as E. galley a vessel.] (Print.) (a) An oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides, for holding type which has been set, or is to be made up, etc. (b) A proof sheet taken from type while on a galley; a galley proof.

Galley slave, a person condemned, often as a punishment for crime, to work at the oar on board a galley. "To toil like a galley slave." Macaulay.-- Galley slice (Print.), a sliding false bottom to a large galley. Knight.

Gal"ley-bird` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) The European green woodpecker; also, the spotted woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.]

Gal"ley-worm` (?), n. [Prob. so called because the numerous legs along the sides move rhythmically like the oars of a galley.] (Zoˆl.) A chilognath myriapod of the genus Iulus, and allied genera, having numerous short legs along the sides; a milliped or "thousand legs." See Chilognatha.

Gall"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gallflies (&?;). (Zoˆl.) An insect that deposits its eggs in plants, and occasions galls, esp. any small hymenopteran of the genus Cynips and allied genera. See Illust. of Gall.

Gal`li*am"bic (?), a. [L. galliambus a song used by the priests of Cybele; Gallus (a name applied to these priests) + iambus] (Pros.) Consisting of two iambic dimeters catalectic, the last of which lacks the final syllable; -- said of a kind of verse.

Gal"li*an (?), a. [See Gallic.] Gallic; French. [Obs.] Shak.

Gal"liard (?), a. [OE., fr. F. gaillard, perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. galach valiant, or AS. gagol, geagl, wanton, lascivious.] Gay; brisk; active. [Obs.]

Gal"liard, n. A brisk, gay man. [Obs.]

Selden is a galliard by himself.

Cleveland.

Gal"liard, n. [F. gaillarde, cf. Sp. gallarda. See Galliard, a.] A gay, lively dance. Cf. Gailliarde.

Never a hall such a galliard did grace.

Sir. W. Scott.

Gal`liard*ise (?), n. [F. gaillardise. See Galliard, a.] Excessive gayety; merriment. [Obs.]

The mirth and galliardise of company.

Sir. T. Browne.

Gal"liard*ness, n. Gayety. [Obs.] Gayton.

Gal"li*ass (?), n. Same as Galleass.

Gal"lic (?), a. [From Gallium.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, gallium.

Gal"lic (277), a. [From Gall the excrescence.] Pertaining to, or derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the like.

Gallic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being found in the free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced artificially. It is a white, crystalline substance, C6H2(HO)3.CO2H, with an astringent taste, and is a strong reducing agent, as employed in photography. It is usually prepared from tannin, and both give a dark color with iron salts, forming tannate and gallate of iron, which are the essential ingredients of common black ink.

Gal"lic (?), a. [L. Gallicus belonging to the Gauls, fr. Galli the Gauls, Gallia Gaul, now France: cf. F. gallique.] Pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallican.

Gal"li*can (?), a. [L. Gallicanus: cf. F. gallican.] Of or pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallic; French; as, the Gallican church or clergy.

Gal"li*can, n. An adherent to, and supporter of, Gallicanism. Shipley.

Gal"li*can*ism (?), n. The principles, tendencies, or action of those, within the Roman Catholic Church in France, who (esp. in 1682) sought to restrict the papal authority in that country and increase the power of the national church. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

Gal"li*cism (?), n. [F. gallicisme.] A mode of speech peculiar to the French; a French idiom; also, in general, a French mode or custom.

Gal"li*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gallicizing (?).] To conform to the French mode or idiom.

Gal"lied (?), p. p. & a. (Naut.) Worried; flurried; frightened. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Gal"li*form (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Like the Gallinae (or Galliformes) in structure.

Gal`li*gas"kins (?), n. pl. [Prob. corrupted fr. It. Grechesco Grecian, a name which seems to have been given in Venice, and to have been afterwards confused with Gascony, as if they came from Gascony.] Loose hose or breeches; leather leg quards. The word is used loosely and often in a jocose sense.

||Gal`li*ma"ti*a (? or ?), n. Senseless talk. [Obs. or R.] See ||Galimatias.

Gal`li*mau"fry (?), n.; pl. Gallimaufries (#). [F. galimafrÈe a sort of ragout or mixed hash of different meats.] 1. A hash of various kinds of meats, a ragout.

Delighting in hodge-podge, gallimaufries, forced meat.

King.

2. Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch.

The Mahometan religion, which, being a gallimaufry made up of many,
partakes much of the Jewish.

South.

Gal"lin (?), n. (Chem.) A substance obtained by the reduction of galleÔn.

||Gal"li*nace*ae (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gallinaceous.] (Zoˆl.) Same as ||Gallinae.

Gal`li*na"cean (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Gallinae or gallinaceous birds.

Gal`li*na"ceous (?), a.[L. gallinaceus, fr. gallina hen, fr. gallus cock.] (Zoˆl.) Resembling the domestic fowls and pheasants; of or pertaining to the Gallinae.

||Gal*li"nae (?), n.; pl. [NL., fr. L. gallina a hen, gallus a cock.] ||(Zoˆl.) An order of birds, including the common domestic fowls, ||pheasants, grouse, quails, and allied forms; -- sometimes called ||Rasores.

Gall"ing (?), a. Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating. -- Gall"ing*ly, adv.

Gal"li*nip`per (?), n. A large mosquito.

Gal"li*nule (?), n. [L. gallinula chicken, dim. of gallina hen: cf. F. gallinule.] (Zoˆl.) One of several wading birds, having long, webless toes, and a frontal shield, belonging to the family Rallidae. They are remarkable for running rapidly over marshes and on floating plants. The purple gallinule of America is Ionornis Martinica, that of the Old World is Porphyrio porphyrio. The common European gallinule (Gallinula chloropus) is also called moor hen, water hen, water rail, moor coot, night bird, and erroneously dabchick. Closely related to it is the Florida gallinule (Gallinula galeata).

The purple gallinule of Southern Europe and Asia was formerly believed to be able to detect and report adultery, and for that reason, chiefly, it was commonly domesticated by the ancients.

Gal"li*ot (?), n. See Galiot.

Gal*lip"o*li oil` (?). An inferior kind of olive oil, brought from Gallipoli, in Italy.

Gal"li*pot (?), n. [Prob. fr. OD. gleypot, the first part of which is possibly akin to E. glad. See Glad, and Pot.] A glazed earthen pot or vessel, used by druggists and apothecaries for containing medicines, etc.

Gal"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Gallia France.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, found in certain zinc ores. It is white, hard, and malleable, resembling aluminium, and remarkable for its low melting point (86∞ F., 30∞ C). Symbol Ga. Atomic weight 69.9.

The element was predicted with most of its properties, under the name ekaluminium, by the Russian chemist Mendelejeff, on the basis of the Periodic law. This prediction was verified in its discovery by the French chemist Lecoq de Boisbaudran by its characteristic spectrum (two violet lines), in an examination of a zinc blende from the Pyrenees.

Gal"li*vant (?), v. i. [From Gallant.] To play the beau; to wait upon the ladies; also, to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan. [Slang] Dickens.

Gal"li*vat (?), n.[Prob. fr. Pg. galeota; cf. E. galiot, galley.] (Naut.) A small armed vessel, with sails and oars, -- used on the Malabar coast. A. Chalmers.

Gal"li*wasp` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) A West Indian lizard (Celestus occiduus), about a foot long, imagined by the natives to be venomous.

Gall"nut` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A round gall produced on the leaves and shoots of various species of the oak tree. See Gall, and Nutgall.

Gal`lo*ma"ni*a (?), n. [L. Galli Gauls + mania madness.] An excessive admiration of what is French. -- Gal`lo*ma"ni*ac (#), n.

Gal"lon (?), n. [OF galon, jalon, LL. galo, galona, fr. galum a liquid measure; cf. F. jale large bowl. Cf. Gill a measure.] A measure of capacity, containing four quarts; -- used, for the most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry measure.

The standart gallon of the Unites States contains 231 cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at its maximum density, and with the barometer at 30 inches. This is almost exactly equivalent to a cylinder of seven inches in diameter and six inches in height, and is the same as the old English wine gallon. The beer gallon, now little used in the United States, contains 282 cubic inches. The English imperial gallon contains 10 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at 62&?; of Fahrenheit, and barometer at 30 inches, equal to 277.274 cubic inches.

Gal*loon" (?), n. [From F. or Sp. galon. See Gala. ] 1. A narrow tapelike fabric used for binding hats, shoes, etc., -- sometimes made ornamental.

2. A similar bordering or binding of rich material, such as gold lace.

Silver and gold galloons, with the like glittering gewgaws.

Addison.

Gal*looned` (?), a. Furnished or adorned with galloon.

Gal"lop (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Galloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Galloping.] [OE. galopen, F. galoper, of German origin; cf. assumed Goth. ga-hlaupan to run, OHG. giloufen, AS. gehle·pan to leap, dance, fr. root of E. leap, and a prefix; or cf. OFlem. walop a gallop. See Leap, and cf. 1st Wallop.] 1. To move or run in the mode called a gallop; as a horse; to go at a gallop; to run or move with speed.

But gallop lively down the western hill.

Donne.

<! p. 610 !>

2. To ride a horse at a gallop.

3. Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in making a hasty examination.

Such superficial ideas he may collect in galloping over it.

Locke.

Gal"lop (?), v. t. To cause to gallop.

Gal"lop, n. [Cf. F. galop. See Gallop, v. i., and cf. Galop.] A mode of running by a quadruped, particularly by a horse, by lifting alternately the fore feet and the hind feet, in successive leaps or bounds.

Hand gallop, a slow or gentle gallop.

Gal"lo*pade` (?), n. [F. galopade. See Gallop, n.] 1. I horsemanship, a sidelong or curveting kind of gallop.

2. A kind of dance; also, music to the dance; a galop.

Gal`lo*pade" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gallopaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallopading.] 1. To gallop, as on horseback.

2. To perform the dance called gallopade.

Gal"lop*er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, gallops.

2. (Mil.) A carriage on which very small guns were formerly mounted, the gun resting on the shafts, without a limber. Farrow.

Galloper gun, a light gun, supported on a galloper, -- formerly attached to British infantry regiments.

Gal"lo*pin (?), n.[F. galopin. See Gallop, v. i.] An under servant for the kitchen; a scullion; a cook's errand boy. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Gal"lop*ing (?), a. Going at a gallop; progressing rapidly; as, a galloping horse.

Gal`lo*tan"nic (?), a. [Gall nutgall + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to the tannin or nutgalls.

Gallotannic acid. See Tannic acid, under Tannic.

Gal"low (?), v. t. [Cf. AS. gelwan to stupefy.] To fright or terrify. See Gally, v. t. [Obs.] Shak.

Gal"lo*way (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small horse of a breed raised at Galloway, Scotland; -- called also garran, and garron.

Gal"low*glass` (?), n. [Ir. galloglach. Cf. Gillie.] A heavy-armed foot soldier from Ireland and the Western Isles in the time of Edward &?; Shak.

Gal"lows (?), n. sing.; pl. Gallowses (#) or Gallows. [OE. galwes, pl., AS. galga, gealga, gallows, cross; akin to D. galg gallows, OS. & OHG. galgo, G. galgen, Icel. glgi, Sw. & Dan. galge, Goth. galga a cross. Etymologically and historically considered, gallows is a noun in the plural number, but it is used as a singular, and hence is preceded by a; as, a gallows.] 1. A frame from which is suspended the rope with which criminals are executed by hanging, usually consisting of two upright posts and a crossbeam on the top; also, a like frame for suspending anything.

So they hanged Haman on the gallows.

Esther vii. 10.

If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of gallows.

Shak.

O, there were desolation of gaolers and gallowses!

Shak.

2. A wretch who deserves the gallows. [R.] Shak.

3. (Print.) The rest for the tympan when raised.

4. pl. A pair of suspenders or braces. [Colloq.]

Gallows bird, a person who deserves the gallows. [Colloq.] -- Gallows bitts (Naut.), one of two or more frames amidships on deck for supporting spare spars; -- called also gallows, gallows top, gallows frame, etc. -- Gallows frame. (a) The frame supporting the beam of an engine. (b) (Naut.) Gallows bitts. -- Gallows, or Gallow tree, the gallows.

At length him nailÈd on a gallow tree.

Spenser.

Gall"stone` (?), n. A concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall bladder or biliary passages. See Calculus, n., 1.

Gal"ly (?), v. t. [See Gallow, v. t.] To frighten; to worry. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] T. Brown.

Gall"y (?), a. Like gall; bitter as gall. Cranmer.

Gal"ly (?), n. See Galley, n., 4.

Gal`ly*gas"kins, n. pl. See Galligaskins.

Ga*loche", Ga*loshe" (&?;), [OE. galoche, galache, galage, shoe, F. galoche galoche, perh. altered fr. L. gallica a Gallic shoe, or fr. LL. calopedia wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole, Gr. &?;, dim. of &?;, &?;, a shoemaker's last; &?; wood + &?; foot.] 1. A clog or patten. [Obs.]

Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his galoche.

Chaucer.

2. Hence: An overshoe worn in wet weather.

3. A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of the shoe and part of the leg.

Ga*loot" (?), n. A noisy, swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy. [Slang, U. S.]

Gal"op (?), n. [F.] (Mus.) A kind of lively dance, in 2-4 time; also, the music to the dance.

Ga*lore" (?), n. & a. [Scot. gelore, gilore, galore, fr. Gael. gu leÚr, enough; gu- to, also an adverbial prefix + leÚr, leÚir, enough; or fr. Ir. goleor, the same word.] Plenty; abundance; in abundance.

Ga*loshe" (?), n. Same as Galoche.

Galpe (?), v. i. To gape,; to yawn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gal"some (?), a. [Gall bitterness + some.] Angry; malignant. [Obs.] Bp. Morton.

Galt (?), n. [See Gault.] Same as Gault.

Gal*van"ic (?), a. [From Galvani, a professor of physiology at Bologna, on account of his connection (about 1780) with the discovery of dynamical or current electricity: cf. F. galvanique.] Of or pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, galvanism; employing or producing electrical currents.

Galvanic battery (Elec.), an apparatus for generating electrical currents by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; -- now usually called voltaic battery. See Battery. -- Galvanic circuit or circle. (Elec.) See under Circuit. -- Galvanic pile (Elec.), the voltaic pile. See under Voltaic.

Gal"va*nism (?), n. [From Galvani: cf. F. galvanisme. See Galvanic.] (Physics) (a) Electricity excited by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; dynamical electricity. (b) The branch of physical science which treats of dynamical elecricity, or the properties and effects of electrical currents.

The words galvanism and galvanic, formerly in very general use, are now rarely employed. For the latter, voltaic, from the name of Volta, is commonly used.

Gal"va*nist (?), n. One versed in galvanism.

Gal"va*niza`tion (?), n. The act of process of galvanizing.

Gal"va*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galvanized (?); p pr. & vb. n. Galvanizing (?).] [Cf. F. galvaniser.] 1. To affect with galvanism; to subject to the action of electrical currents.

2. To plate, as with gold, silver, etc., by means of electricity.

3. To restore to consciousness by galvanic action (as from a state of suspended animation); hence, to stimulate or excite to a factitious animation or activity.

4. To coat, as iron, with zinc. See Galvanized iron.

Galvanized iron, formerly, iron coated with zink by electrical deposition; now more commonly, iron coated with zink by plunging into a bath of melted zink, after its surface has been cleaned by friction with the aid of dilute acid.

Gal"va*ni`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, galvanize.

Gal*van`o*caus"tic (?), a. [Galvanic + caustic.] Relating to the use of galvanic heat as a caustic, especially in medicine.

Gal*van`o*cau"ter*y (?), n. (Med.) Cautery effected by a knife or needle heated by the passage of a galvanic current.

Gal`va*nog"ly*phy (?), n. [Galvanic + Gr. &?; to engrave.] Same as Glyphography.

Gal*van"o*graph (?), n. [Galvanic + -graph.] (Engraving) A copperplate produced by the method of galvanography; also, a picture printed from such a plate.

Gal*van`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to galvanography.

Gal`va*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Galvanic + -graphy.] 1. The art or process of depositing metals by electricity; electrotypy.

2. A method of producing by means of electrotyping process (without etching) copperplates which can be printed from in the same manner as engraved plates.

Gal`va*nol"o*gist (?), n. One who describes the phenomena of galvanism; a writer on galvanism.

Gal`va*nol"o*gy (?) n. [Galvanic + -logy.] A treatise on galvanism, or a description of its phenomena.

Gal`va*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Galvanic + -meter: cf. F. galvanomËtre.] (Elec.) An instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic needle.

Differential galvanometer. See under Differental, a. -- Sine galvanometer, Cosine galvanometer, Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a galvanometer in which the sine, cosine, or tangent respectively, of the angle through which the needle is deflected, is proportional to the strength of the current passed through the instrument.

Gal*van`o*met"ric (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or measured by, a galvanometer.

Gal`va*nom"e*try (?), n. The art or process of measuring the force of electric currents.

Gal*van`o*plas"tic (?), a. [Galvanic + -plastic.] Of or pertaining to the art or process of electrotyping; employing, or produced by, the process of electolytic deposition; as, a galvano-plastic copy of a medal or the like.

Gal*van"o*plas`ty (?), n. [Cf. F. galanoplastie.] The art or process of electrotypy.

Gal*van`o*punc"ture (?), n. (Med.) Same as Electro-puncture.

Gal*van`o*scope (?), n. [Galvanic + -scope: cf. F. galvanoscope.] (Elec.) An instrument or apparatus for detecting the presence of electrical currents, especially such as are of feeble intensity.

Gal*van`o*scop"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a galvanoscope.

Gal`va*nos"co*py (?), n. (Physiol.) The use of galvanism in physiological experiments.

||Gal`va*not"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. E. galvanic + Gr. &?; to tone.] ||(Physiol.) Same as Electrotonus.

Gal`va*not"ro*pism (?), n. [Galvanic + Gr. &?; to turn.] (Bot.) The tendency of a root to place its axis in the line of a galvanic current.

Gal"wes (?), n. Gallows. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ga"ma grass` (?). [From Gama, a cluster of the Maldive Islands.] (Bot.) A species of grass (Tripsacum dactyloides) tall, stout, and exceedingly productive; cultivated in the West Indies, Mexico, and the Southern States of North America as a forage grass; -- called also sesame grass.

Ga*mash"es (?), n. pl. [F. gamaches.] High boots or buskins; in Scotland, short spatterdashes or riding trousers, worn over the other clothing.

||Gam"ba (?), n. A viola da gamba.

Gam*ba"does (?), n. pl. [I. or Sp. gamba leg. See Gambol, n.] Same as Gamashes.

His thin legs tenanted a pair of gambadoes fastened at the side
with rusty clasps.

Sir W. Scott.

Gam"be*son (?), n. Same as Gambison.

Gam"bet (?), n. [Fr. gambette, or It. gambetta.] (Zoˆl.) Any bird of the genuis Totanus. See Tattler.

Gam"bier (?), n. [Malayan.] (a) The inspissated juice of a plant (Uncaria Gambir) growing in Malacca. It is a powerful astringent, and, under the name of Terra Japonica, is used for chewing with the Areca nut, and is exported for tanning and dyeing. (b) Catechu. [Written also gambeer and gambir.]

Gam"bi*son (?), n. [OF. gambeson, gambaison, fr. gambais, wambais, of German origin: cf. MHG. wambeis, G. wams doublet, fr. OHG. wamba, stomach. See Womb.] A defensive garment formerly in use for the body, made of cloth stuffed and quilted.

Gam"bist (?), n. [It. gamba leg.] (Mus.) A performer upon the viola di gamba. See under Viola.

Gam"bit (?), n. [F. gambit, cf. It. gambitto gambit, a tripping up. See Gambol, n.] (Chess Playing) A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn is sacrificed to gain an attacking position.

Gam"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gambled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gambling (?).] [Dim. of game. See 2d Game.] To play or game for money or other stake.

Gamble, v. t. To lose or squander by gaming; -- usually with away. "Bankrupts or sots who have gambled or slept away their estates." Ames.

Gam"bler (?), n. One who gambles.

Gam*boge" (?), n. A concrete juice, or gum resin, produced by several species of trees in Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in masses, or cylindrical rolls, from Cambodia, or Cambogia, -- whence its name. The best kind is of a dense, compact texture, and of a beatiful reddish yellow. Taken internally, it is a strong and harsh cathartic and emetic. [Written also camboge.]

There are several kinds of gamboge, but all are derived from species of Garcinia, a genus of trees of the order GuttiferÊ. The best Siam gamboge is thought to come from Garcinia Hanburii. Ceylon gamboge is from G. Morella. G. pictoria, of Western India, yields gamboge, and also a kind of oil called gamboge butter.

{ Gam*bo"gi*an (?), Gambogic (?), } a. Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, gamboge.

Gam"bol (gm"bl), n. [OE. gambolde, gambaulde, F. gambade, gambol, fr. It. gambata kick, fr. L. gamba leg, akin to F. jambe, OF. also, gambe, fr. L. gamba, hoof or perh. joint: cf. Gr. kamph` a binding, winding, W., Ir. & Gael. cam crooked; perh. akin to E. chamber: cf.F. gambiller to kick about. Cf. Jamb, n., Gammon ham, Gambadoes.] A skipping or leaping about in frolic; a hop; a sportive prank. Dryden.

Gam"bol v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamboled (?), or Gambolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gamboling or Gambolling.] To dance and skip about in sport; to frisk; to skip; to play in frolic, like boys or lambs.

Gam"brel (?), n. [OF. gambe, jambe leg, F. jambe. Cf. Cambrel, Chambrel, and see Gambol. n.] 1. The hind leg of a horse.

2. A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; - - used by butchers in suspending slaughtered animals.

Gambrel roof (Arch.), a curb roof having the same section in all parts, with a lower steeper slope and an upper and flatter one, so that each gable is pentagonal in form.

Gam"brel v. t. To truss or hang up by means of a gambrel. Beau. & Fl.

Gam*broon" (?), n. A kind of twilled linen cloth for lining. Simmonds.

Game (?), a. [Cf. W. cam crooked, and E. gambol, n.] Crooked; lame; as, a game leg. [Colloq.]

Game, n. [OE. game, gamen, AS. gamen, gomen, play, sport; akin to OS., OHG., & Icel. gaman, Dan. gammen mirth, merriment, OSw. gamman joy. Cf. Gammon a game, Backgammon, Gamble v. i.] 1. Sport of any kind; jest, frolic.

We have had pastimes here, and pleasant game.

Shak.

2. A contest, physical or mental, according to certain rules, for amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake; as, a game of chance; games of skill; field games, etc.

But war's a game, which, were their subject wise, Kings would not
play at.

Cowper.

Among the ancients, especially the Greeks and Romans, there were regularly recurring public exhibitions of strength, agility, and skill under the patronage of the government, usually accompanied with religious ceremonies. Such were the Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean, and the Isthmian games.

3. The use or practice of such a game; a single match at play; a single contest; as, a game at cards.

Talk the game o'er between the deal.

Lloyd.

4. That which is gained, as the stake in a game; also, the number of points necessary to be scored in order to win a game; as, in short whist five points are game.

5. (Card Playing) In some games, a point credited on the score to the player whose cards counts up the highest.

6. A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an object or purpose; method of procedure; projected line of operations; plan; project.

Your murderous game is nearly up.

Blackw. Mag.

It was obviously Lord Macaulay's game to blacken the greatest
literary champion of the cause he had set himself to attack.

Saintsbury.

7. Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild meats designed for, or served at, table.

Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the rest by the
well-known appellation of game.

Blackstone.

Confidence game. See under Confidence. -- To make game of, to make sport of; to mock. Milton.

Game, a. 1. Having a resolute, unyielding spirit, like the gamecock; ready to fight to the last; plucky.

I was game . . . .I felt that I could have fought even to the
death.

W. Irving.

2. Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted for game, or to the act or practice of hunting.

Game bag, a sportsman's bag for carrying small game captured; also, the whole quantity of game taken. -- Game bird, any bird commonly shot for food, esp. grouse, partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the shore or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew, and sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted to birds hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and guns. -- Game egg, an egg producing a gamecock. -- Game laws, laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking game for food or for sport. -- Game preserver, a land owner who regulates the killing of game on his estate with a view to its increase. [Eng.] -- To be game. (a) To show a brave, unyielding spirit. (b) To be victor in a game. [Colloq.] -- To die game, to maintain a bold, unyielding spirit to the last; to die fighting.

<! p. 611 !>

Game (gm), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamed (gmd); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaming.] [OE. gamen, game&?;en, to rejoice, AS. gamenian to play. See Game, n.] 1. To rejoice; to be pleased; -- often used, in Old English, impersonally with dative. [Obs.]

God loved he best with all his whole hearte At alle times, though
him gamed or smarte.

Chaucer.

2. To play at any sport or diversion.

3. To play for a stake or prize; to use cards, dice, billiards, or other instruments, according to certain rules, with a view to win money or other thing waged upon the issue of the contest; to gamble.

Game"cock` (-kk`), n. (Zoˆl.) The male game fowl.

Game" fowl` (-foul`). (Zoˆl.) A handsome breed of the common fowl, remarkable for the great courage and pugnacity of the males.

Game"ful (-fl), a. Full of game or games.

Game"keep`er (-kp`r), n. One who has the care of game, especially in a park or preserve. Blackstone.

Game"less, a. Destitute of game.

Game"ly, adv. In a plucky manner; spiritedly.

Game"ness, n. Endurance; pluck.

Game"some (?), a. Gay; sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry. Shak.

Gladness of the gamesome crowd.

Byron.

-- Game"some*ly, adv. -- Game"some*ness, n.

Game"ster (?), n. [Game + - ster.] 1. A merry, frolicsome person. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A person who plays at games; esp., one accustomed to play for a stake; a gambler; one skilled in games.

When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the gentlest gamester
is the soonest winner.

Shak.

3. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] Shak.

Gam"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; marriage.] (Biol.) Pertaining to, or resulting from, sexual connection; formed by the union of the male and female elements.

||Gam"in (?), n. [F.] A neglected and untrained city boy; a young ||street Arab.

In Japan, the gamins run after you, and say, 'Look at the
Chinaman.'

L. Oliphant.

Gam"ing (?), n. The act or practice of playing games for stakes or wagers; gambling.

Gam"ma (?), n. The third letter (, &gamma; = Eng. G) of the Greek alphabet.

Gam*ma"di*on (?), n. A cross formed of four capital gammas, formerly used as a mysterious ornament on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See Fylfot.

Gam"mer (gm"mr), n. [Possibly contr. fr. godmother; but prob. fr. grammer for grandmother. Cf. Gaffer.] An old wife; an old woman; -- correlative of gaffer, an old man.

Gam"mon (-mn), n. [OF. gambon, F. jambon, fr. OF. gambe leg, F. jambe. See Gambol, n., and cf. Ham.] The buttock or thigh of a hog, salted and smoked or dried; the lower end of a flitch. Goldsmith.

Gam"mon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gammoned (-mnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Gammoning.] To make bacon of; to salt and dry in smoke. [1913 Webster]

Gam"mon, n. [See 2d Game.] 1. Backgammon.

2. An imposition or hoax; humbug. [Colloq.]

Gam"mon, v. t. 1. To beat in the game of backgammon, before an antagonist has been able to get his "men" or counters home and withdraw any of them from the board; as, to gammon a person.

2. To impose on; to hoax; to cajole. [Colloq.] Hood.

Gam"mon, v. t. [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.) To fasten (a bowsprit) to the stem of a vessel by lashings of rope or chain, or by a band of iron. Totten.

Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 5th Gammon.] (Naut.) The lashing or iron band by which the bowsprit of a vessel is secured to the stem to opposite the lifting action of the forestays.

Gammoning fashion, in the style of gammoning lashing, that is, having the turns of rope crossed. -- Gammoning hole (Naut.), a hole cut through the knee of the head of a vessel for the purpose of gammoning the bowsprit.

Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 4th Gammon.] The act of imposing upon or hoaxing a person. [Colloq.]

||Gam`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. &?; marriage + E. genesis.] (Biol.) The ||production of offspring by the union of parents of different sexes; ||sexual reproduction; -- the opposite of agamogenesis.

Gam`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to gamogenesis. -- Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Gam`o*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr. &?; marriage + &?; form, shape.] (Biol.) That stage of growth or development in an organism, in which the reproductive elements are generated and matured in preparation for propagating the species.

Gam`o*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?; marriage + E. petalous: cf. F. gamopÈtale.] (Bot.) Having the petals united or joined so as to form a tube or cup; monopetalous.

Ga*moph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. &?; marriage + &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Composed of leaves united by their edges (coalescent). Gray.

Gam`o*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?; marriage + E. sepal.] (Bot.) Formed of united sepals; monosepalous.

Gam"ut (?), n. [F. gamme + ut the name of a musical note. F. gamme is fr. the name of the Greek letter &?;, which was used by Guido d'Arezzo to represent the first note of his model scale. See Gamma, and Ut.] (Mus.) The scale.

Gam"y (?), a. 1. (Cookery) Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept uncooked till near the condition of tainting; high- flavored.

2. (Sporting) Showing an unyielding spirit to the last; plucky; furnishing sport; as, a gamy trout.

Gan (?), imp. of Gin. [See Gin, v.] Began; commenced.

Gan was formerly used with the infinitive to form compound imperfects, as did is now employed. Gan regularly denotes the singular; the plural is usually denoted by gunne or gonne.

This man gan fall (i.e., fell) in great suspicion.

Chaucer.

The little coines to their play gunne hie (i. e., hied).

Chaucer.

Later writers use gan both for singular and plural.

Yet at her speech their rages gan relent.

Spenser.

Ganch (?), v. t. [Cf. F. ganche, n., also Sp. & Pg. gancho hook, It. gancio.] To drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or hooks, as the Turks dropped malefactors, by way of punishment.

Ganching, which is to let fall from on high upon hooks, and there
to hang until they die.

Sandys.

Gan"der (?), n. [AS. gandra, ganra, akin to Prov. G. gander, ganter, and E. goose, gannet. See Goose.] The male of any species of goose.

Gane (?), v. i. [See Yawn.] To yawn; to gape. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ga*ne"sa (?), n. (Hind. Myth.) The Hindoo god of wisdom or prudence.

He is represented as a short, fat, red-colored man, with a large belly and the head of an elephant. Balfour.

Gang (?), v. i. [AS. gangan, akin to OS. & OHG. gangan, Icel. ganga, Goth. gaggan; cf. Lith. &?;engti to walk, Skr. ja&?;gha leg. &radic;48. Cf. Go.] To go; to walk.

Obsolete in English literature, but still used in the North of England, and also in Scotland.

Gang, n. [Icel. gangr a going, gang, akin to AS., D., G., & Dan. gang a going, Goth. gaggs street, way. See Gang, v. i.] 1. A going; a course. [Obs.]

2. A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of persons associated for a particular purpose; a group of laborers under one foreman; a squad; as, a gang of sailors; a chain gang; a gang of thieves.

3. A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by acting together, to save time or labor; a set; as, a gang of saws, or of plows.

4. (Naut.) A set; all required for an outfit; as, a new gang of stays.

5. [Cf. Gangue.] (Mining) The mineral substance which incloses a vein; a matrix; a gangue.

Gang board, or Gang plank. (Naut.) (a) A board or plank, with cleats for steps, forming a bridge by which to enter or leave a vessel. (b) A plank within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's waist, for the sentinel to walk on. -- Gang cask, a small cask in which to bring water aboard ships or in which it is kept on deck. -- Gang cultivator, Gang plow, a cultivator or plow in which several shares are attached to one frame, so as to make two or more furrows at the same time. -- Gang days, Rogation days; the time of perambulating parishes. See Gang week (below). -- Gang drill, a drilling machine having a number of drills driven from a common shaft. -- Gang master, a master or employer of a gang of workmen. -- Gang plank. See Gang board (above). -- Gang plow. See Gang cultivator (above). -- Gang press, a press for operating upon a pile or row of objects separated by intervening plates. -- Gang saw, a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang of saws hung together in a frame or sash, and set at fixed distances apart. -- Gang tide. See Gang week (below). -- Gang tooth, a projecting tooth. [Obs.] Halliwell. -- Gang week, Rogation week, when formerly processions were made to survey the bounds of parishes. Halliwell. -- Live gang, or Round gang, the Western and the Eastern names, respectively, for a gang of saws for cutting the round log into boards at one operation. Knight. -- Slabbing gang, an arrangement of saws which cuts slabs from two sides of a log, leaving the middle part as a thick beam.

Gang"er (?), n. One who oversees a gang of workmen. [R.] Mayhew.

Gan*get"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; as, the Gangetic shark.

Gang"-flow`er (?), n. (Bot.) The common English milkwort (Polygala vulgaris), so called from blossoming in gang week. Dr. Prior.

Gan"gion (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A short line attached to a trawl. See Trawl, n.

{ Gan"gli*ac (?), Gan"gli*al (?), } a. (Anat.) Relating to a ganglion; ganglionic.

{ Gan"gli*ate (?), Gan"gli*a`ted (?), } a. (Anat.) Furnished with ganglia; as, the gangliated cords of the sympathetic nervous system.

{ Gan"gli*form` (?), Gan"gli*o*form` (?), } a. [Ganglion + -form.] (Anat.) Having the form of a ganglion.

Gan"gli*on (?), n.; pl. L. Ganglia (#), E. Ganglions (#). [L. ganglion a sort of swelling or excrescence, a tumor under the skin, Gr. &?;: cf. F. ganglion.] 1. (Anat.) (a) A mass or knot of nervous matter, including nerve cells, usually forming an enlargement in the course of a nerve. (b) A node, or gland in the lymphatic system; as, a lymphatic ganglion.

2. (Med.) A globular, hard, indolent tumor, situated somewhere on a tendon, and commonly formed by the effusion of a viscid fluid into it; -- called also weeping sinew.

Ganglion cell, a nerve cell. See Illust. under Bipolar.

Gan"gli*on*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. ganglionnarie.] (Anat.) Ganglionic.

Gan`gli*on"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. ganglionique.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, ganglia or ganglion cells; as, a ganglionic artery; the ganglionic columns of the spinal cord.

Gan"grel (?), a. [Cf. Gang, v. i.] Wandering; vagrant. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Gan"gre*nate (?), v. t. To gangrene. [Obs.]

Gan"grene (?), n. [F. gangrËne, L. gangraena, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to gnaw, eat; cf. Skr. gras, gar, to devour, and E. voracious, also canker, n., in sense 3.] (Med.) A term formerly restricted to mortification of the soft tissues which has not advanced so far as to produce complete loss of vitality; but now applied to mortification of the soft parts in any stage.

Gan"grene, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gangrened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gangrening.] [Cf. F. gangrÈner.] To produce gangrene in; to be affected with gangrene.

Gan`gre*nes"cent (?), a. Tending to mortification or gangrene.

Gan"gre*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. gangrÈneux.] Affected by, or produced by, gangrene; of the nature of gangrene.

Gangue (?), n. [F. gangue, fr. G. gang a metallic vein, a passage. See Gang, n.] (Mining) The mineral or earthy substance associated with metallic ore.

Gang"way` (?), n. [See Gang, v. i.] 1. A passage or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp., a temporary way of access formed of planks.

2. In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle across the house, below which sit those who do not vote steadly either with the government or with the opposition.

3. (Naut.) The opening through the bulwarks of a vessel by which persons enter or leave it.

4. (Naut.) That part of the spar deck of a vessel on each side of the booms, from the quarter-deck to the forecastle; -- more properly termed the waist. Totten.

Gangway ladder, a ladder rigged on the side of a vessel at the gangway. -- To bring to the gangway, to punish (a seaman) by flogging him at the gangway.

Gan"il (?), n. [F.] A kind of brittle limestone. [Prov. Eng.] Kirwan.

Gan"is*ter (?), Gan"nis*ter, n. (Mech.) A refractory material consisting of crushed or ground siliceous stone, mixed with fire clay; -- used for lining Bessemer converters; also used for macadamizing roads.

Gan"ja (?), n. [Hind. gnjh.] The dried hemp plant, used in India for smoking. It is extremely narcotic and intoxicating.

Gan"net (?), n. [OE. gant, AS. ganet, ganot, a sea fowl, a fen duck; akin to D. gent gander, OHG. ganazzo. See Gander, Goose.] (Zoˆl.) One of several species of sea birds of the genus Sula, allied to the pelicans.

The common gannet of Europe and America (S. bassana), is also called solan goose, chandel goose, and gentleman. In Florida the wood ibis is commonly called gannet.

Booby gannet. See Sula.

||Gan`o*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; brightness + &?; head.] ||(Paleon.) A group of fossil amphibians allied to the labyrinthodonts, ||having the head defended by bony, sculptured plates, as in some ||ganoid fishes.

Gan`o*ceph"a*lous (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the Ganocephala.

Ga"noid (?), a. [Gr. &?; brightness + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to Ganoidei. -- n. One of the Ganoidei.

Ganoid scale (Zoˆl.), one kind of scales of the ganoid fishes, composed of an inner layer of bone, and an outer layer of shining enamel. They are often so arranged as to form a coat of mail.

Ga*noid"al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Ganoid.

||Ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ganoid.] (Zoˆl.) One of the ||subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone and bulb, spiral ||intestinal valve, and the optic nerves united by a chiasma. Many of ||the species are covered with bony plates, or with ganoid scales; ||others have cycloid scales.

They were numerous, and some of them of large size, in early geological periods; but they are represented by comparatively few living species, most of which inhabit fresh waters, as the bowfin, gar pike, bichir, Ceratodus, paddle fish, and sturgeon.

Ga*noid"i*an (?), a. & n. (Zoˆl.) Ganoid.

Ga"no*ine (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A peculiar bony tissue beneath the enamel of a ganoid scale.

Gan"sa (?), n. Same as Ganza. Bp. Hall.

Gant"let (?), n. [Gantlet is corrupted fr. gantlope; gantlope is for gatelope, Sw. gatlopp, orig., a running down a lane; gata street, lane + lopp course, career, akin to lˆpa to run. See Gate a way, and Leap.] A military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender was made to run between two files of men facing one another, who struck him as he passed.

To run the gantlet, to suffer the punishment of the gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe criticism or controversy, or ill-treatment at many hands.

Winthrop ran the gantlet of daily slights.

Palfrey.

Written also, but less properly, gauntlet.

Gant"let, n. A glove. See Gauntlet.

Gant"line` (?), n. A line rigged to a mast; -- used in hoisting rigging; a girtline.

<! p. 612 !>

Gant"lope` (?), n. See Gantlet. [Obs.]

Gan"try (?), n. See Gauntree.

Gan"za (?), n. [Sp. gansa, ganso, goose; of Gothic origin. See Gannet, Goose.] A kind of wild goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was fabled to be carried to the lunar world. [Also gansa.] Johnson.

Gaol (?), n. [See Jail.] A place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment; a jail. [Preferably, and in the United States usually, written jail.]

Commission of general gaol delivery, an authority conferred upon judges and others included in it, for trying and delivering every prisoner in jail when the judges, upon their circuit, arrive at the place for holding court, and for discharging any whom the grand jury fail to indict. [Eng.] -- Gaol delivery. (Law) See Jail delivery, under Jail.

Gaol"er (?), n. The keeper of a jail. See Jailer.

Gap (?), n. [OE. gap; cf. Icel. gap an empty space, Sw. gap mouth, breach, abyss, Dan. gab mouth, opening, AS. geap expanse; as adj., wide, spacious. See Gape.] An opening in anything made by breaking or parting; as, a gap in a fence; an opening for a passage or entrance; an opening which implies a breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a hiatus; a mountain pass.

Miseries ensued by the opening of that gap.

Knolles.

It would make a great gap in your own honor.

Shak.

Gap lathe (Mach.), a turning lathe with a deep notch in the bed to admit of turning a short object of large diameter. -- To stand in the gap, to expose one's self for the protection of something; to make defense against any assailing danger; to take the place of a fallen defender or supporter. -- To stop a gap, to secure a weak point; to repair a defect.

Gap, v. t. 1. To notch, as a sword or knife.

2. To make an opening in; to breach.

Their masses are gapp'd with our grape.

Tennyson.

Gape (?; in Eng, commonly ?; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaped (? or ?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaping] [OE. gapen, AS. geapan to open; akin to D. gapen to gape, G. gaffen, Icel. & Sw. gapa, Dan. gabe; cf. Skr. jabh to snap at, open the mouth. Cf. Gaby, Gap.] 1. To open the mouth wide; as: (a) Expressing a desire for food; as, young birds gape. Dryden.(b) Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to yawn.

She stretches, gapes, unglues her eyes, And asks if it be time to
rise.

Swift.

(c) Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise, astonishment, expectation, etc.

With gaping wonderment had stared aghast.

Byron.

(d) Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or overcome.

They have gaped upon me with their mouth.

Job xvi. 10.

2. To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap, fissure, or hiatus.

May that ground gape and swallow me alive!

Shak.

3. To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for something; -- with for, after, or at.

The hungry grave for her due tribute gapes.

Denham.

Syn. -- To gaze; stare; yawn. See Gaze.

Gape, n. 1. The act of gaping; a yawn. Addison.

2. (Zoˆl.) The width of the mouth when opened, as of birds, fishes, etc.

The gapes. (a) A fit of yawning. (b) A disease of young poultry and other birds, attended with much gaping. It is caused by a parasitic nematode worm (Syngamus trachealis), in the windpipe, which obstructs the breathing. See Gapeworm.

Gap"er (?), n. 1. One who gapes.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) A European fish. See 4th Comber. (b) A large edible clam (SchizothÊrus Nuttalli), of the Pacific coast; -- called also gaper clam. (c) An East Indian bird of the genus Cymbirhynchus, related to the broadbills.

Gape"seed` (?), n. Any strange sight. Wright.

Gapes"ing (? or ?), n. Act of gazing about; sightseeing. [Prov. Eng.]

Gape"worm` (? or ?), n. (Zoˆl.) The parasitic worm that causes the gapes in birds. See Illustration in Appendix.

Gap"ing*stock` (? or ?), n. One who is an object of open-mouthed wonder.

I was to be a gapingstock and a scorn to the young volunteers.

Godwin.

Gap"-toothed` (?), a. Having interstices between the teeth. Dryden.

Gar (?), n. [Prob. AS. gr dart, spear, lance. The name is applied to the fish on account of its long and slender body and pointed head. Cf. Goad, Gore, v.] (Zoˆl.) (a) Any slender marine fish of the genera Belone and Tylosurus. See Garfish. (b) The gar pike. See Alligator gar (under Alligator), and Gar pike.

Gar pike, or Garpike (Zoˆl.), a large, elongated ganoid fish of the genus Lepidosteus, of several species, inhabiting the lakes and rivers of temperate and tropical America.

Gar, v. t. [Of Scand. origin. See Gear, n.] To cause; to make. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser.

Gar"an*cin (?; 104), n. [F. garance madder, LL. garantia.] (Chem.) An extract of madder by sulphuric acid. It consists essentially of alizarin.

Garb (?), n. [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG. garaw, garw, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.] 1. (a) Clothing in general. (b) The whole dress or suit of clothes worn by any person, especially when indicating rank or office; as, the garb of a clergyman or a judge. (c) Costume; fashion; as, the garb of a gentleman in the 16th century.

2. External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech.

You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb,
he could not therefore handle an English cudgel.

Shak.

Garb (?), n. [F. gerbe, OF. also garbe, OHG. garba, G. garbe; cf. Skr. grbh to seize, E. grab.] (Her.) A sheaf of grain (wheat, unless otherwise specified).

Garb, v. t. To clothe; array; deck.

These black dog-Dons Garb themselves bravely.

Tennyson.

Gar"bage (?; 48), n. [OE. also garbash, perh. orig., that which is purged or cleansed away; cf. OF. garber to make fine, neat, OHG. garawan to make ready, prepare, akin to E. garb dress; or perh. for garbleage, fr. garble; or cf. OF. garbage tax on sheaves, E. garb sheaf.] Offal, as the bowels of an animal or fish; refuse animal or vegetable matter from a kitchen; hence, anything worthless, disgusting, or loathsome. Grainger.

Gar"bage, v. t. To strip of the bowels; to clean. "Pilchards . . . are garbaged." Holland.

Garbed (?), a. Dressed; habited; clad.

Gar"bel (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Garboard.

Gar"bel, n. [Cf. Garble, v. t.] Anything sifted, or from which the coarse parts have been taken. [Obs.]

Gar"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garbling.] [Formerly, to pick out, sort, OF. grabeler, for garbeler to examine precisely, garble spices, fr. LL. garbellare to sift; cf. Sp. garbillar to sift, garbillo a coarse sieve, L. cribellum, dim. of cribrum sieve, akin to cernere to separate, sift (cf. E. Discern); or perh. rather from Ar. gharbl, gharbil, sieve.] 1. To sift or bolt, to separate the fine or valuable parts of from the coarse and useless parts, or from dros or dirt; as, to garble spices. [Obs.]

2. To pick out such parts of as may serve a purpose; to mutilate; to pervert; as, to garble a quotation; to garble an account.

Gar"ble, n. 1. Refuse; rubbish. [Obs.] Wolcott.

2. pl. Impurities separated from spices, drugs, etc.; -- also called garblings.

Gar"bler (?), n. One who garbles.

Gar"board (?), n. (Naut.) One of the planks next the keel on the outside, which form a garboard strake.

Garboard strake or streak, the first range or strake of planks laid on a ship's bottom next the keel. Totten.

Gar"boil (?), n. [OF. garbouil; cf. Sp. garbullo, It. garbuglio; of uncertain origin; the last part is perh. fr. L. bullire to boil, E. boil.] Tumult; disturbance; disorder. [Obs.] Shak.

||Gar*cin"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including the ||mangosteen tree (Garcinia Mangostana), found in the islands of the ||Indian Archipelago; -- so called in honor of Dr. Garcin.

Gard (?), n. [See Garde, Yard] Garden. [Obs.] "Trees of the gard." F. Beaumont.

Gard, v. & n. See Guard.

Gar"dant (?), a. [F. See Guardant.] (Her.) Turning the head towards the spectator, but not the body; -- said of a lion or other beast.

Gar"den (g‰r"d'n; 277), n. [OE. gardin, OF. gardin, jardin, F. jardin, of German origin; cf. OHG. garto, G. garten; akin to AS. geard. See Yard an inclosure.] 1. A piece of ground appropriated to the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables.

2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country.

I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy, The pleasant garden of great
Italy.

Shak.

Garden is often used adjectively or in self- explaining compounds; as, garden flowers, garden tools, garden walk, garden wall, garden house or gardenhouse.