Chapter XVII: On the Theory of the Pleistocene Terraces of the Coastal Plain (12)

6. _Archer, Alachua County._—Dr. Joseph Leidy, in 1885 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., pp. 32, 33), described from this place a rhinoceros, _Rhinoceros proterus_, and _Hippotherium ingenuum_. In 1886 (ibid., pp. 11, 12) he again mentioned these species and described in addition to them _Mastodon floridanus_ and 3 species of camels which he referred to the genus _Auchenia_. In a list furnished by Leidy to Dr. W. H. Dall (Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 84, p. 129), there are listed, besides the species mentioned, _Megatherium_ and _Cervus virginianus?_, all found in the Alachua clays and usually referred to the Lower Miocene or Upper Pliocene. In the list presented on page 375, under the geology of Florida, a species of tapir is added. At present the writer assigns the deposits known as the Alachua clays to lowermost Pleistocene.

7. _Williston, Levy County._—In the American Museum of Natural History, New York, is an upper last molar of _Equus_, found at the place named and presented by E. Mixon. The enamel is not much plicated. The size of the tooth indicated that it belonged to _E. leidyi_. In the list of vertebrates unearthed at Mixon’s (near Williston), furnished by Leidy to Dall, were included two species of _Hippotherium_, _H. ingenuum_ and _H. plicatile_. These species are now referred to the genus _Hipparion_. _H. plicatile_ was described by Leidy in 1887 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 309). A list of the species at present known to have been obtained here is to be found on page 375 under the geology of Florida. They have all been found in the Alachua clays and are usually regarded as belonging to the late Tertiary.

8. _Ocala, Marion County._—In 1889 (Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. II, p. 13), Leidy reported the discovery of some fossil vertebrates in a fissure in a limestone rock near Ocala. Some equine teeth he referred to _Equus fraternus_ (=_E. leidyi_). The other species were identified as _Smilodon floridanus_, _Elephas columbi_, and (with some doubt) _Procamelus minimus_. For conclusions regarding the geology of the locality see page 378.

9. _Dunnellon, Marion County._—The writer has examined 2 fossil horse-teeth found near Dunnellon, now the property of the Florida Geological Survey. No. 1366 is from the Camp Phosphate Company’s Blue Run mine. It is a first or second upper molar, worn down to a height of only an inch and having a grinding-surface 26 mm. long and 25 mm. wide and with a protocone 12 mm. long fore-and-aft. No. 1444, also a first or second upper molar, has a height of 47 mm., a length of 24 mm., a width of 23 mm., and a protocone of 11.5 mm. The enamel of the lakes is much plicated. The teeth are identified as those of _Equus leidyi_. No. 1444 has been figured by Sellards (7th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., p. 111, fig. 40) and described as dredged from the Schilmann and Bene river mine, on Withlacoochee River.

On page 376, under the geology of Florida, will be found a list of the species obtained at Dunnellon and the surrounding region. In this list is included _Parahippus_ sp. indet. and _Hipparion plicatile_. Dr. Sellards believes that many species of that list belong to the Pleistocene. The horse-like species, the rhinoceros, and the camel are held by him as being older than the Pleistocene.

10. _Hernando, Citrus County._—At this place have been secured _Gomphotherium floridanum_, _Hipparion_ sp. indet., and _Procamelus_ sp. indet., all from the phosphate deposits and referred by Sellards to the Upper Miocene or the Lower Pliocene.

11. _Holder, Citrus County._—In the collection of Dr. H. G. Bystra, of Holden, is a fossil horse-tooth dredged from Withlacoochee River, in section 29, township 17 south, range 19 east. The species to which the tooth belonged has not been determined.

12. _Orange County._—The writer has seen, in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, an upper right last molar of Equus, labeled as found in the county named. Nothing more is known by the writer about the tooth.

13. _Eau Gallie, Brevard County._—In 1916 (8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., p. 105), Sellards stated that at this place, in the Hopkins drainage canal, had been collected teeth of _Elephas columbi_ and _Equus complicatus_.

14. _Kingsford, Polk County._—In the U. S. National Museum are 3 horse-teeth collected in 1903 by Mr. Juan C. Edmundoz, from some of the phosphate mines in the region about Kingsford. Although most of the fossils from these mines have been supposed to belong to the late Miocene or early Pliocene, these horse-teeth are certainly of Pleistocene age. One tooth, No. 8620, is an upper right true molar, either the first or the second. It is worn down to about half its original length. The length of the grinding-surface is 25 mm.; its width is 26 mm. The enamel surrounding the lakes is extremely complicated. Another tooth, No. 8619, is a right hindermost molar with the protocone missing. A third tooth, No. 8618, is a little-worn lower molar, probably the second. The height is 83 mm., the length 25 mm., width 14 mm. The teeth are to be referred to _Equus leidyi_.

15. _Brewster, Polk County._—In volume VIII of the Florida Geological Survey, pages 95, 96, Dr. Sellards states that from the phosphate mines at Brewster have been obtained teeth of _Hipparion minor_. A list of the associated species is to be found in the discussion of the Pleistocene geology of Florida on page 380.

16. _Alafia River, Hillsboro County._—In the American Museum of Natural History, New York, is a collection of 10 teeth of _Equus_, said to have been dredged in Alafia River. Some belong to _E. leidyi_. One, a right third or fourth upper premolar worn down to a height of 40 mm., has still a length of 30 mm. and a width of 27 mm.; apparently it belongs to _E. complicatus_. The writer has described an extinct species of box-tortoise, _Terrapene putnami_ (Fossil Turtles, N. A., p. 360) dredged by Professor F. W. Putnam in Alafia River about a mile above its entrance into Tampa Bay. With the bone, which forms the type of the species, were dredged a peripheral bone of a _Testudo_, possibly _T. crassiscutata_, and remains of horses and tapirs. It is pretty certain that the 10 teeth above mentioned were secured by Professor Putnam.

In Heidelberg University, Tiffin, Ohio, is a part of a lower right premolar of _Equus_, apparently _E. leidyi_, said to have been found near Tampa Bay.

17. _Palmetto, Manatee County._—At several places about the mouth of Manatee River have been found relics of fossil horses. Mr. Ernest Leitzel, of Palmetto, sent to the U. S. National Museum for identification some teeth found in Manatee River, others in Terra Ceia Bay. The teeth are all well fossilized; some are upper teeth, others belong below. The writer regards them as belonging to _Equus leidyi_.

In the same museum are 2 lower right true molars, a second and a third, sent from Manatee by Mr. N. B. Moore. The teeth are moderately worn. The length of the grinding-surface of the hindermost molar is only 23 mm., the width 12 mm. They must have belonged to a small horse and are referred to _Equus littoralis_.

From Mr. Charles T. Earle the U. S. National Museum received in February 1921, several teeth of _Equus leidyi_, 2 of _E. complicatus_, and 1 of _E. littoralis_, which had been washed up on the beach at Palma Sola, about 10 miles below Palmetto. With these teeth came parts of antlers of a deer, a part of a metacarpal and an astragalus of _Bison latifrons?_, a part of a beak of a platanistid porpoise, a part of a tooth of _Elephas columbi_, a fragment or two of a terrapin (_Trachemys_ sp. indet.), a fragment of the carapace of a soft-shelled turtle, and teeth of sharks. The porpoise and the sharks, also a part of a metapodial of a camel, may belong to Miocene or Pliocene deposits near the locality.

18. _Sarasota Bay, Sarasota County._—The region a little further south than Manatee River has furnished remains of extinct horses. Sellards (7th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., p. 112, fig. 47) has figured a lower tooth of a large horse, found by Mr. Joseph Willcox, at White Beach, on Sarasota Bay. Inasmuch as the fore-and-aft dimension of the tooth is 30 mm., it very probably belonged to _Equus complicatus_. Mr. Willcox has submitted to the writer 2 large lower teeth, regarded as belonging to the species just mentioned. Another lower tooth, apparently a third or fourth lower premolar, found on the same beach, has the fore-and-aft dimension only 26 mm., the width 15 mm. This is referred to _Equus leidyi_. At Blackburn’s place, 12 miles south of White Beach, Mr. Willcox secured a tooth of _Equus_ apparently little worn. The height is 83 mm., the length at the summit 28 mm., but a little further down only 26 mm.; the width 12 mm. This tooth is to be referred to _Equus leidyi_.

In the American Museum of Natural History, New York, are 7 teeth of _Equus_, collected in 1911 by Mr. Barnum Brown at a place 8 miles southeast of Sarasota. They appear to belong to the Florida horse of medium size, _Equus leidyi_.

19. _Calvenia, Hardee County._—In the U. S. National Museum (No. 4838) is an upper right last molar of a horse labeled as found near the mouth of Charlie Apopka Creek and as having been presented by Captain Le Baron through L. C. Johnson. The tooth belongs to _Equus leidyi_. Another tooth found at the same place, at the same time (December 16, 1883), and presented in the same way, is a lower grinder. The height is 75 mm., the length, 27 mm., the thickness 12.3 mm. It is to be referred to _E. leidyi_.

20. _Arcadia, De Soto County._—Many remains of horses, especially teeth, have been collected at and near this place, by Mr. Joseph Willcox, on a sand-bar at Arcadia being explored for phosphate. The first published description of these remains appears to be that of Leidy in 1889 (Trans. Wagner Inst., II, p. 19). Leidy had at hand 17 upper molars, 2 lower molars, and 2 incisors. He was, at that time, uncertain whether these teeth pertained to an indigenous species of _Equus_ or to the domestic horse. The manager of the Arcadia Phosphate Company, Mr. T. S. Moorhead, informed Mr. Willcox that the main source of the materials of the bar extended for miles along the shores of Peace Creek and was about 8 feet thick.

Among the materials examined by Leidy (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, p. 182) was a tooth which he regarded as belonging to _Equus major_ (=_E. complicatus_), but, on the suggestion of Professor Cope, he described and figured as _Hippotherium princeps_. Later, Lucas (Trans. cit., vol. IV, p. 49, plate XIX, figs. 12, 13) concluded that Leidy’s first opinion was correct. The tooth is abnormal in having the column of the protocone free from the other cusps of the tooth for a short distance from the grinding-surface. In Bulletin No. 84 (p. 129) of the U. S. Geological Survey, Leidy referred the Peace Creek horses to his _Equus fraternus_ (=_E. leidyi_), and it is found that in size and other respects the type of _Hippotherium princeps_ agrees with this species. It is retained, however, as _Equus princeps_.

In the U. S. National Museum are 6 teeth collected on Peace Creek, probably not far from Arcadia, which all apparently belong to E. leidyi. J. W. Gidley (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. XIV, 1901, p. 121) stated that there is in the American Museum a tooth from Peace Creek, much too small to be referred to any species at that time reported from the United States, but resembling closely _Equus tau_, from Mexico. This tooth probably belongs to _Equus littoralis_.

Besides the horses of the genus _Equus_, there have been found at or near Arcadia the 3–toed horse _Hipparion ingenuum_. Whether this is to be referred with the great majority of the fossils found in this region to the Aftonian fauna of the first interglacial or to the Nebraskan stage it is impossible to say.

21. _Vero, St. Lucie County._—Numerous remains of extinct horses have been found here, but they always consist of single bones or teeth, sometimes in fine condition, sometimes somewhat water-worn. The remains occur in both deposits, designated as No. 2 and No. 3, but in the latter the materials are more fragmentary and not specifically identifiable. Sellards has figured some of the teeth in his seventh Annual Report (1915, pp. 110, 111, figs. 40–43). In his eighth report, on page 149, he has recognized the occurrence here of 3 species, _Equus complicatus_, _E. leidyi_, and _E. littoralis_.

The writer has examined a large canine tooth found in the stratum of sand, No. 2. From its size it is referred to _Equus complicatus_. Its fore-and-aft diameter is 14 mm. Another tooth from the stratum, an upper right third true molar, finely preserved and retaining some of the cement, is regarded as belonging to _E. leidyi_. Two lower teeth from No. 2 are water-worn, but retain their structure. The fore-and-aft diameter of each is 21 mm. They must have belonged to the little horse called _E. littoralis_. A fragment of an upper tooth is referred to this species. It is not water-worn, but has been split from the crown to the root. A hinder first phalangeal bone found in the canal (No. 1802 of the Florida Geological Survey) is 96 mm. long. This indicates a horse as large as our ordinary domestic horses and it probably belonged to _Equus complicatus_.

22. _Labelle, Lee County._—In 1889 (Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. II, p. 17), Leidy stated that Mr. Joseph Willcox had obtained, from a Pliocene shell-bed on Caloosahatchee River, some remains of a fossil horse, consisting of two cervical vertebræ and a part of a lower jaw, which contained the first and second molar teeth. These teeth are probably what would be called premolars 2 and 3. Leidy referred the remains to his _Equus fraternus_ (=_E. leidyi_).

Dall (Bull. No. 84, U. S. Geol. Surv., p. 129) stated that _Equus fraternus_, _Bison latifrons_, and _Elephas columbi_ were found in Pliocene beds on the Caloosahatchee, but Sellards (8th Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., p. 102) corrects this error as to the age.

The writer has received a letter from Mr. Willcox in which he states that the fragment of lower jaw was found about 2 or 3 miles below Labelle.

23. _Palm Beach, Palm Beach County._—In 1916 (8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., p. 105), Sellards wrote that Mr. J. L. Hayes had secured for the Florida State Geological Survey, from the Palm Beach Canal, teeth of _Elephas columbi_ and _Equus complicatus_ and a femur of a species of _Bison_.

ALABAMA.

(Map 17.)

1. _Newbern, Hale County._—In August 1914, there was received at the U. S. National Museum, from Mr. J. W. White, of Newbern, a lower left first incisor of a horse. This, with a lower molar of a species of _Bison_, had been found in a creek. The incisor is somewhat worn, but still retained a part of the cup. The grinding-face is 14 mm. from side to side. The species can not be determined.

2. _Bogue Chitto, Dallas County._—In the U. S. National Museum is an upper right true molar, first or second, of a horse, found at this place in 1883, by L. C. Johnson, of the U. S. Geological Survey. The tooth is identified as that of _Equus leidyi_. The enamel is much crenated. At the same place was found a tooth (a lower molar) of _Elephas imperator_, and teeth of _Mammut americanum_. It seems to the writer that the presence of these species indicates that the deposits along Bogue Chitto belong to the early part of the Pleistocene, about equivalent to the Aftonian.

MISSISSIPPI.

(Map 17.)

1. _Orizaba, Tippah County._—In the U. S. National Museum (No. 1907) is a fossil tooth of a horse, a third or fourth right premolar, found apparently not far from this little town. It is labeled as having been picked up at Lander’s mill, 9 miles south of Ripley, on Cane Creek, out of débris of Cretaceous marl, and given to Dr. T. E. Stanton. How it came to be mingled with the marl is not known. The tooth is only moderately worn, the height being 75 mm. The length of the grinding-surface is 28 mm., the width 27 mm. It has the enamel unusually strongly folded. The tooth is referred provisionally to _Equus leidyi_.

2. _Natchez, Adams County._—Elsewhere will be found an account of the discovery of fossil vertebrates near Natchez by Dr. M. W. Dickerson (p. 390), among which were found horse-teeth, referred to two species. One of these horses, represented, as supposed, by 12 teeth, was at first called by Leidy _Equus americanus_ (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1847, vol. III, p. 265, plate II); but later _Equus complicatus_ (Proc. cit., 1858, p. 11). In 1901 (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. XIV, p. 109, fig. 7), Gidley selected one of the teeth, that of Leidy’s plate II, figs. 1, 6, referred to above, as the special type of the species _Equus complicatus_. These Natchez teeth are now in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.

Some of the teeth from Natchez were described by Leidy in 1860 (Holmes’s Post-Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina, pp. 100–105, plate XV, figs. 11–15, plate XVI, figs. 24–26, 30, 31) as _Equus complicatus_. Others (pp. 100105, plate XV, figs. 17, 18, plate XVI, fig. 27) were referred to a hitherto unrecognized species _Equus fraternus_.

TENNESSEE.

(Map 17. Figure 23.)

1. _Rogersville, Hawkins County._—In the U. S. National Museum (No. 520) is a single horse-tooth found many years ago in a crevice in a marble quarry at this place. It is referred by the writer to _Equus leidyi_ (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. LVIII, p. 84). With it were sent a canine tooth and a few bones of a peccary, described as _Mylohyus setiger_ (p. 394).

2. _Whitesburg, Hamblen County._—In 1885 Mr. Ira Sayles collected at this place a lot of bones and teeth of vertebrates, described by the present writer (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. LVIII, p. 87). Among them is an upper right second premolar of a horse, identified as _Equus leidyi_. A list of the species will be found on page 395. _E. littoralis_ also is present.

3. _Lookout Mountain, Hamilton County._—In the American Museum of Natural History, New York, is an upper second molar tooth brought from Lookout Mountain (Gidley, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. XIV, p. 121). Under what conditions this tooth was found have not been recorded. It belongs probably to the species _Equus littoralis_.

4. _Nashville, Davidson County._—From William Edward Myer, of Nashville, Tennessee, the writer received, June 26, 1920, some fossils collected near Nashville, about 300 yards upstream from Lock A, in Cumberland River, at a depth of nearly 30 feet beneath a bank of gravel. Below this gravel is a bed of sand apparently 2 or 3 feet thick and this is underlain by another bed of gravel apparently about 2 feet thick. This itself lies on bed-rock at about the level of low water in the river. In the lower gravel were found a lower molar of _Equus leidyi_, a part of a left femur of a large horse, and an antler of a small undetermined and probably undescribed deer. In the layer of sand were discovered a heel bone of a camel, a part of a tooth of a young mastodon, and some fragments of turtle bones. The equine tooth belongs to the right side. It has a height of about 80 mm., a length of 28 mm. on the grinding-surface, and a width of 16 mm. It is black, and like the others thoroughly fossilized.

The fragment of femur appears to have belonged to a horse perhaps larger than _Equus leidyi_. It begins at the lower border of the third trochanter and descends to the lower part of the deep fossa for the plantaris muscle. Immediately above the fossa the side-to-side diameter of the bone is 50 mm., the fore-and-aft 60 mm. In a horse of medium size these diameters are respectively 45 mm. and 53 mm.

Later there was discovered at the same locality the upper two-thirds of the right metatarsal. The fragment is 230 mm. long. The upper articular end is somewhat injured; 75 mm. below the upper end the fore-and-aft diameter is 45 mm., the side-to-side diameter 38 mm. The latter diameter was somewhat greater, as the bone appears to be slightly crushed. The specimen is referred to _Equus complicatus_. Probably the femur mentioned above belonged to this species.

KENTUCKY.

(Map 17.)

1. _Bigbone Lick, Boone County._—In their report published in 1831 (Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. XX, p. 371), Cooper, Smith, and Dekay reported they found in the collection from this place large teeth and bones of a horse. They regarded these as being of equal antiquity with the extinct animals associated with them. In 1847 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. III, p. 263, 264) Leidy stated that there were in the Academy 10 permanent molars of a horse from Bigbone Lick. These he referred to _Equus curvidens_. In 1853 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. VII, p. 263) he wrote that several teeth supposed to have come from this locality had possibly been obtained elsewhere.

In 1851 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 140), he spoke of foot-bones of the horse, a calcaneum and first phalanx, from the same place. In 1860 (Holmes’s “Post-Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina,” p. 104), Leidy mentioned several horse-bones from Bigbone Lick presented to the American Philosophical Society by President Jefferson. In Rochester University are 2 hoof phalanges labeled from Bigbone Lick. Osborn (“Age of Mammals,” p. 478) puts down _Equus_ from Bigbone Lick as being doubtful. There appears to be no good reason for this.

The remains of horses from this locality appear all to belong to _Equus complicatus_.

2. _Monday’s Landing, Mercer County._—From Professor Arthur M. Miller, of the University of Kentucky, the writer has received for examination a much-worn upper left molar or premolar of a horse found at the place named. It was met with in a fissure filled with crystallized calcite, near the bank of Kentucky River. The vein of calcite was about 6 feet wide. Similar veins at this locality have been worked down to a depth of 200 or 300 feet. A part of a lower jaw of a deer-like animal was found in one of these veins. The horse-tooth is badly worn, but it appears to have belonged to a small species, the fore-and-aft length of the crown being only 19 mm. The enamel of the anterior lake is considerably complicated. It is impossible, from the lack of other fossil remains, to determine the geological age of this horse.

FINDS OF PLEISTOCENE TAPIRIDÆ IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

PENNSYLVANIA.

(Map 19.)

1. _Port Kennedy, Montgomery County._—In 1871, Wheatley announced (Amer. Jour. Sci., ser. 3, vol. I, p. 384) that he had discovered in the Port Kennedy bone cave 2 species of tapirs (_Tapirus americanus_ and _T. haysii_). In 1899 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. II, p. 253), Cope stated that remains of 35 or more tapirs had been discovered in this cave. He referred all to _T. haysii_. These tapirs will be mentioned again on page 312, where the geological relations of the cave and its contents are considered.

2. _Frankstown, Blair County._—In 1908, Dr. W. J. Holland reported (Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. IV, p. 231) found in a bone cave at Frankstown the third and fourth lower premolars of a tapir about the size of _Tapir americanus_, which name is a synonym of _T. terrestris_. This will be mentioned in the discussion of the geology of the region on page 321.

OHIO.

(Maps 19, 36.)

1. _New Salisbury?, Columbiana County._—Somewhere in the region probably of the town named was found, about 1850, a jaw of a tapir, apparently mentioned first by Louis Agassiz (Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. V, 1851, p. 179), who referred to it as a jaw of a pachyderm. Leidy, in 1860 (Holmes’s “Post-Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina,” p. 107), reported that he had studied a much-mutilated fragment of the lower jaw of the smaller variety of the extinct tapir, which had belonged to Professor J. Brainerd, of Cleveland. It had been found in the valley of Yellow Creek, in Columbiana County, in an erosion of the coal series. It was covered with 30 feet of clay, at a height of 186 feet above low-water in Ohio River. Charles Whittlesey, in 1866 (Smithson. Contrib. Knowl., vol. XV, art. 3, p. 16), stated that this specimen was taken from “valley drift,” of Yellow Creek, in Columbiana County, by Mr. E. White, C. E., in a cut of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Inasmuch as Yellow Creek itself does not enter the county named, reference must be to what is called, on the topographical sheet of the U. S. Geological Survey, North Fork of Yellow Creek. The railroad follows this creek for many miles in the county. The town of New Salisbury is taken as being probably not far from the locality. It is not known what became of this specimen, nor is it possible to say to which species it belonged. It is to be referred probably to the Sangamon stage.

INDIANA.

(Map 19.)

1. _Evansville, Vanderburg County._—Tapir remains have been found at only one place in Indiana, viz, in the banks of the Ohio River at the mouth of Pigeon Creek, a short distance below Evansville. A single lower hinder molar formed part of a collection made by Mr. Francis A. Lincke and described by Leidy (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 199). This tooth was figured by Leidy in 1860 (Holmes’s “Post-Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina,” p. 107, plate XVII, figs. 9, 10) under the name _Tapirus haysii_. Associated with the tooth were remains of _Megalonyx jeffersonii_, a bison of probably an extinct species, the Virginia deer, the horse known as _Equus complicatus_, and the large extinct wolf _Ænocyon dirus_.

On page 32 is discussed the probable age of the bone-bed which contained the animals named above. It is concluded that the age is possibly the Aftonian, but more probably the Sangamon. This species of tapir has been found at Bigbone Lick, Kentucky, between Louisville and Cincinnati, in deposits containing _Equus complicatus_, 2 extinct species of _Bison_, deer, etc. The deposits lie on Illinoian drift and are in part, at least, of Sangamon age.

MARYLAND.

(Map 19.)

1. _Corriganville, Allegany County._—In a crevice in limestone rock, at a point about 3 miles west of north of Cumberland, Mr. J. W. Gidley found a tooth of a tapir. The tooth has never been specifically identified. A list of the associated species, as far as determined, will be given on page 350.

VIRGINIA.

(Map 19.)

1. _Ivanhoe, Wythe County._—In 1869 (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. XI, p. 176), Cope announced the discovery of several lower molars of a tapir in what he regarded as cave breccia, along New River. These teeth he found to be somewhat larger than those of _T. terrestris_, the Central and South American species, and he referred them to _Tapirus haysii_. A list of the species found here is given on page 353.

SOUTH CAROLINA.

(Map 19.)

1. _Charleston, Charleston County._—In 1860 (Holmes’s “Post-Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina,” p. 106, plate XVII, figs. 2, 3), Leidy described briefly and figured 2 injured upper cheek-teeth of a tapir found in the Pleistocene of Ashley River, and referred by him to _Tapirus americanus fossilis_, on the supposition that they were not different from those of the existing South American tapir, but larger. The larger of the two teeth (fig. 2) appears to have had a fore-and-aft diameter of about 29 mm. It seems, therefore, to belong to Leidy’s species _Tapirus haysii_. Under the same name, _T. americanus fossilis_, Leidy illustrated (figs. 11, 12) a lower molar found on Ashley River. This appears to be too small to have belonged to _T. haysii_. Instead, however, of referring it to _T. americanus_ (=_T. terrestris_) it may possibly be found to belong to _T. veroensis_ Sellards, the lower molars of which are not certainly known. The length of the tooth figured by Leidy is that of a second molar of _T. terrestris_, but the width is greater than in the latter.

In the Charleston Museum is a part of a left ramus of the lower jaw of a tapir likewise referred to _T. veroensis_ Sellards. This fragment contains all 3 of the true molars. The following measurements were secured:

_Measurements, in millimeters, of lower molars of tapirs in the
Charleston Museum._

┌───────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬───────────────┐
│ │ Tapirus │ │
│ │ veroensis? │Tapirus haysii.│
├───────────────────────────────┼───────┬───────┼───────┬───────┤
│ │Length.│Width. │Length.│Width. │
├───────────────────────────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┤
│Length of all 3 molars combined│66 │ │79 │ │
│First molar │20 │17 │25 │28 │
│Second molar │23 │18.5 │26 │31.5 │
│Third molar │24 │18 │28 │32 │
└───────────────────────────────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┘

In the collection of Charles C. Pinckney, at Lambs, South Carolina, are 2 tapir teeth, one of which is an upper molar, not yet come into use, apparently the last tooth of the right side. The length of the crown is 25.5 mm., the width in front 27.5 mm., behind about 23 mm. In front is a pretty strong cingulum, but there is none behind. This tooth is referred to _Tapirus haysii_.

In the Scanlan collection from Charleston, now the property of Yale University, are various specimens of tapirs. An upper left second molar is slightly worn. The length is 24 mm., the width 30 mm. The outer border of the crown makes a right angle with the anterior border; in _T. terrestris_ the outer anterior corner is considerably less than a right angle. In the latter the hinder faces of the protocone and of the hypocone are concave; in the tooth here described both hinder faces are swollen, and the crests appear more depressed than in _T. terrestris_. It is regarded as belonging to _T. haysii_.

In the Scanlan collection are 3 lower molars which the writer refers to _T. haysii_. The following are the measurements:

_Measurements, in millimeters, of lower molars of tapirs in the
Scanlan collection._

┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────┬───────┐ │ │Length.│Width. │ ├────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────┼───────┤ │Left third? molar, with the rear cingulum broken off│28± │22.5 │ │Left second molar │25.5 │21 │ │Right second molar │27 │21 │ └────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴───────┴───────┘

In the Scanlan collection is a fragment of the left maxilla with 4 teeth, the last premolar and the 3 molars. The specimen resembles figure 1 of Leidy’s plate XVII of Holmes’s “Post-Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina.” The teeth of the Scanlan specimens are, however, less worn. The hinder molar had not yet come through the gum. The specimen is referred to _T. terrestris_. The following are the measurements:

_Measurements, in millimeters, of upper teeth of Tapirus terrestris._

┌─────────────┬───────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────┐ │ Tooth. │ Tapir from Charleston. │ T. terrestris, U. S. Nat. │ │ │ │ Mus. No. 238110 │ ├─────────────┼─────────────┬─────────────┼─────────────┬─────────────┤ │ │ Length. │ Width. │ Length. │ Width. │ ├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ Pm^1 │19 │24.5 │19 │25 │ │ M^1 │20 │25.5 │21 │23 │ │ M^2 │22.5 │28 │23.5 │27 │ │ M^3 │24.5 │27.5 │25.5 │26 │ └─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┘

The molar teeth have an acute angle between the anterior and the outer borders, and the front and the hinder faces of the protocone and the hypocone are not so swollen as in the tooth referred to _T. haysii_. In apparently every respect the teeth of the fossil agree with the teeth of _Tapirus terrestris_ from Brazil. It is to be hoped that before long a good skull of the Pleistocene tapir whose teeth so closely resemble those of _T. terrestris_ will be discovered. If the two prove to be the same species it will seem that only the descendants of those which migrated to North America perished during the Glacial period.

There is another tooth, an upper left second molar, of _T. terrestris_ in the Scanlan collection; also the rear half of an upper molar labeled as coming from Bull River. Other fragments of teeth are recorded as coming from Ashley River.

In the Charleston Museum (No. 13495) is a part of the left ramus of the lower jaw with the 3 molars. On measurement it is found that the teeth and jaw agree closely with those of _T. terrestris_.

GEORGIA.

(Map 19.)

1. _Brunswick, Glynn County._—In Bulletin No. 26 of the Geological Survey of Georgia, Mr. J. W. Gidley published a list of species of vertebrate fossils which belong to the State collection at Atlanta, secured during some dredging operations at Brunswick. This list, with modifications, is incorporated in that presented on page 370. Among the fossils examined by Gidley, a tooth was recognized as that of _Tapirus haysii_.

FLORIDA.

(Map 19.)

1. _Neals, Alachua County._—Through the kindness of Dr. E. H. Sellards, State geologist of Florida, the writer has been permitted to examine various teeth (No. 1186, Florida Geological Survey) taken from the T. A. Thompson phosphate mines at Neals. Among these is a lower left milk molar of a tapir. The length of the crown is 21 mm., the width at the front lobe 14 mm., at the hinder lobe 12.5 mm. The buttresses are well developed. The tooth may be provisionally referred to _Tapirus terrestris_, yet living in Brazil. Although this tooth was found in phosphate materials, it seemed to Dr. Sellards more probable that it was an intrusion from Pleistocene deposits. The present writer refers the Alachua clays to the Nebraskan stage of the Pleistocene. Sellards has referred to this tooth in his Eighth Annual Report, 1916, p. 94.

2. _Archer, Alachua County._—In 1884 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1884, p. 119), Leidy briefly described a tooth of a tapir found by Dr. J. C. Neal, of Archer, Florida. This is now in the U. S. National Museum, No. 3329. The tooth is the third premolar of the left side, implanted in a fragment of maxilla. The crown is 23 mm. long and 27 mm. wide. Leidy stated that it differed neither in form nor size from the corresponding tooth of the living _Tapirus americanus_ (_T. terrestris_); but in a specimen of this the corresponding tooth is only 18.5 mm. long and 25 mm. wide. The fossil agrees in size with the same tooth of _T. haysii_ from the Port Kennedy Cave in Pennsylvania (Hay, Geol. Surv. Indiana, vol. XXIII, p. 593). With this tooth had been found teeth of a young mastodon, remains of several individuals of a species of rhinoceros, some foot-bones of a llama, a calcaneum which Leidy thought possibly belonged to the extinct _Cervus americanus_ (_Cervalces scotti_), and vertebral centra of a small crocodile. The cervalces was afterwards dropped from the lists. These remains had been found in a bed of clay, occupying a ridge in a pine forest. The deposits are now known as the Alachua clays, and they, as well as the contained fossils, will be discussed on page 375. The tapir remains are not included in Leidy’s list given in Bulletin 84 of the U. S. Geological Survey.

3. _Dunnellon, Marion County._—The writer has examined a number of tapir teeth found in phosphate beds in Withlacoochee River, at Dunnellon. From the Florida geological survey an upper left second premolar (No. 1440) has been received which is considerably larger than the corresponding tooth of _Tapirus terrestris_ and presents other peculiarities. It may have belonged to _T. haysii_. An upper second true molar (No. 1440) has the crown 23 mm. long, 27 mm. wide across the front lobe, and 23 mm. across the hinder lobe. The corresponding dimensions of a specimen of _T. terrestris_ from Surinam are 24 mm., 25.5 mm., and 21.5 mm. A tooth (No. 1378) which appears to be the lower left second molar is 22.5 mm. long, 19 mm. wide in front, and 20 mm. wide behind. The corresponding measurements of _T. terrestris_ are 22.5 mm., 18.5 mm., and 17.5 mm. The buttresses which descend from the outer ends of the crests of the fossil tooth are not so strongly developed as in _T. terrestris_. Probably these teeth belong to an undescribed species. An upper molar having a length of 23 mm. has been shown the writer by Dr. L. W. Stephenson; it was found in phosphate deposits at Dunnellon and sent to him by Sister M. Catherine, of St. Joseph’s Academy, at St. Augustine.

4. _Near Ocala, Marion County._—Mr. J. D. Robertson, of Ocala, presented to the National Museum a tooth of a tapir, found in phosphate deposits a few miles from Ocala, section 5, township 15 south, range 23 east.

5. _Tampa, Hillsboro County._—In the collection of fossils, at Vanderbilt University, made from the phosphate-producing beds in Hillsboro County, is part of the left ramus of a lower jaw of a tapir containing the first and second true molars. The first molar has a length of 24 mm. and a width of 20 mm. in front. This is smaller than the corresponding tooth of _T. terrestris_ and near that supposed to belong to _T. veroensis_. The second molar has lost its hinder crest. Under the first molar the jaw is 54 mm. deep and 37 mm. thick.

The writer (Fossil Turtles of North America, p. 361) reported the finding of tapir teeth in Alafia River, in this county.

6. _Vero, St. Lucie County._—At this important locality remains of tapirs have been found in the bed of sands known as No. 2, and likewise in the bed of muck mentioned in discussions of the locality as No. 3. From the latter have been secured parts of 2 lower jaws and a number of detached teeth (Sellards, 8th Ann. Rep., p. 149). One at least of these (No. 6943) appears to belong to _Tapirus haysii_. From No. 2 Dr. Sellards has obtained a nearly complete skull of a tapir, described (10th and 11th Ann. Rep. Fla. Geol. Surv., p. 57, plates I-IV) as _Tapirus veroensis_. From the same stratum he (8th Ann. Rep., p. 139) secured a part of a tooth which he referred with some doubt to _T. haysii_.

7. _Arcadia, De Soto County._—Dr. Joseph Leidy (Trans. Wagner Free Inst., vol. II, p. 19) stated he had examined 3 crowns of upper molars and fragments of others. In no way did he find them differing from those of the South American tapir, _T. americanus_ (_T. terrestris_). On page 380 will be found a list of the vertebrate fossils found in this vicinity.

MISSISSIPPI.

(Map 19.)

1. _Natchez, Adams County._—In 1849 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. IV, p. 182), Dr. Leidy wrote that there was in the collection of the Academy a tooth of a tapir discovered by Dr. M. W. Dickeson near Natchez. It had been found in association with remains of the mastodon and the horse _Equus americanus_ (=_E. complicatus_). The tooth was pronounced a lower molar of the left side, apparently the third milk molar, and was referred to _Tapirus americanus fossilis_; that is, it was looked upon as a fossil tooth of the existing South American tapir. The molar was mentioned by Leidy in 1860 (Holmes’s “Post-Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina,” p. 106). The writer has seen this tooth in the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia.

In 1852 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. VI, p. 148), Leidy called the attention of the Academy to a fragment of a left lower jaw with 2 teeth of a tapir found in the Pleistocene near Natchez and sent to Leidy by the geologist B. L. C. Wailles. It was referred to _Tapirus haysii_. This specimen was figured and described by Leidy in 1860 (Holmes’s “Post-Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina,” p. 107, plate XVII, figs. 4, 5). Wailles mentioned this jaw in his work (Agric. Geol. Mississippi, 1854, p. 285), and stated that it was found in a ravine on Pine Ridge, which runs through townships 7 and 8, range 3 west, about 6 miles north of Natchez.

In a list (furnished by Dr. Joseph Leidy) of fossil mammals found in the Pleistocene of Mississippi, 2 species of tapirs are included, viz, _Tapirus americanus_ (=_T. terrestris_) and _T. haysii_ (Wailles, op. cit., p. 286; Hilgard, Agric. Geol. Mississippi, 1860, p. 196). The associated species will be listed on page 391.

TENNESSEE.

(Map 19. Figure 23.)

1. _Whitesburg, Hamblen County._—In the U. S. National Museum is a collection of bones and teeth of several species of vertebrates, made in what may once have been the floor of a cave, near the village mentioned. On page 395 will be found a list of the species. Among the remains are 10 teeth, in fine preservation, of a young tapir, described by the writer (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. LVIII, p. 88, plate III, figs. 4 to 11), and made the type of a new species, _Tapirus tennesseæ_.

2. _Dandridge, Jefferson County._—On the left bank of Dumplin (or Dumpling) Creek, about 5 miles above its entrance into French Broad River, and apparently about as many miles northwest from Dandridge, is a cavern known as Zirkel’s Cave. Dr. H. C. Mercer briefly described (Dept. Amer. and Prehist. Archæology, Univ. Penn., 1896) his investigation of the cave. He reported the finding of remains of tapir, peccary, bear, and small rodents; but these were not specifically determined.

3. _Lookout Mountain, Hamilton County._—In 1894 (Amer. Naturalist, vol. XXVIII, p. 356), Mercer reported that he had found teeth of a tapir in a cave on Lookout Mountain. Cope, on page 597 of the same volume, identified these teeth as those of _T. haysii_. With them was found a bone, thought to belong to a mylodon.

According to a letter received by the writer from Dr. Mercer, the tapir specimen consisted of a lower right ramus, 1 left incisor, and 5 molars. The teeth appear all to have been loose and the jawbone was broken into about 8 fragments. The cave and its contents will be discussed on page 398.

4. _Bristol, Sullivan County._—In the U. S. National Museum are 2 tapir teeth in a fragment of the left maxilla. These are the fourth premolar and the first molar, both considerably worn. The size of these teeth indicates that they belong to _Tapirus haysii_.

KENTUCKY.

(Map 19.)

1. _Bigbone Lick, Boone County._—The evidences for the occurrence of a species of tapir at this place are not as convincing as might be desired. In 1852, Dr. I. Hays (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. VI, p. 53) presented to the Academy a tooth of a tapir which he had had in his possession two years and which was said by him to have come from the bed of a canal in North Carolina. This tooth was named by Leidy _Tapirus haysii_ on page 106 of the volume cited and again on page 148, but without description. It was again mentioned by him in 1853 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. VII, p. 201) and again without description. In 1860, Leidy (Holmes’s “Post-Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina,” p. 106, plate XVI, figs. 7, 8) described and figured the tooth and stated that it was supposed to have come from Bigbone Lick. Which of the statements was correct the writer does not know.

2. _Stamping Ground, Scott County._—In 1910 the writer received for examination from Professor Arthur M. Miller, professor of geology in the State University at Lexington, Kentucky, a part of a lower jaw of _Tapirus haysii_, found between the town named and Georgetown, in the bottom of a filled-up sink-hole encountered in lead-mining operations, on McConnell’s Run. In this specimen all the molars are complete and the roots of the 3 hinder premolars are present.

3. _Yarnallton, Fayette County._—From Professor Miller there was received with the specimen above described pieces of the jaws of _Tapirus haysii_, discovered in an old stream-deposit at the place named. A fragment of a lower jaw was sent; also a piece of a right maxilla, with the anterior true molar complete and parts of the second molar and of the hindermost premolar. Some other parts of the skeleton were found, but they seem not to have been cared for.

FINDS OF RHINOCEROSES IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

FLORIDA.

1. _Archer, Alachua County._—Two species of rhinoceros have been described from this locality. In 1884 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 118), Dr. Joseph Leidy reported the discovery, with other fossils, of remains of a species of the genus _Rhinoceros_ in Alachua clays, but he gave it no name. This was, however, done in 1885 (same Proceedings, 1885, p. 32). In 1896, after the death of Leidy, his unfinished paper, completed and edited by Professor F. A. Lucas, was published (Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., vol. IV, p. 41 seq., with numerous figures). This species is now referred to _Teleoceras_, as _Teleoceras proterus_.

In 1890 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, p. 94), Leidy described another species which he called _Rhinoceros longipes_, from the same place and deposit. This species is now called _Aphelops longipes_.

These species are usually credited to the Upper Miocene or Lower Pliocene. The reader is referred to page 376, where the geological position of these beds is discussed.

2. _Williston, Levy County._—In his list of 1892 (Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 84, p. 129), furnished by Leidy, W. H. Dall included _Rhinoceros proterus_ among the fossils found at Mixon’s, near the village of Williston.

3. _Dunnellon, Marion County._—In 1913 (5th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., p. 58), Dr. E. H. Sellards stated that some remains of a rhinoceros had been found in the mines worked along Withlacoochee River, in the region about Dunnellon. In volume VIII of the Florida Survey, page 94, _Aphelops malacorhinus_ (=_A. longipes_) is included among the fossils found in the Dunnellon formation. It is not included in his list of Pleistocene species found in the Withlacoochee River (Florida Geol. Surv., vol. VIII, p. 104). This was doubtless because he regarded it as belonging to an earlier formation.

4. _Mulberry, Polk County._—In 1915 (7th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., p. 72), Sellards stated that a tooth of _Teleoceras fossiger_ (in the present work recognized as _T. proterus_) had been discovered in the Bone Valley phosphate formation, at the place named. As in other cases, the Bone Valley formation was referred to the Late Tertiary.

5. _Brewster, Polk County._—In the volume last referred to, on page 72, Sellards mentions parts of jaws and teeth found in a phosphate mine at Brewster which are different from those of _Teleoceras proterus_. Some of these are figured by Sellards on his pages 107 and 108. They have not been specifically or generically determined.

FINDS OF PLEISTOCENE PECCARIES IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

NEW YORK.

(Map 20.)

1. _Rochester, Monroe County._—In 1889 (Trans. Wagner Inst. Sci., vol. II, pp. 33–40), Leidy described and figured a skull of _Platygonus compressus_, purchased of Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, at Rochester, and said to have been found in a gravel bank in a railroad excavation, a few miles from Rochester. This skull was a part of 2 incomplete skeletons found lying together.

The writer received word from Professor Henry L. Ward, director of the Milwaukee Public Museum, that he recollects that, when a small boy, about 1873 or 1874, he went with his father, Henry A. Ward, to some point on the New York Central Railroad, where peccary remains had been found. He thinks the place was at or near Pittsford. Dr. F. A. Lucas, director of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, then in the employ of the elder Ward, writes that the place was at Pittsford, and in a gravel bank being worked by the railroad company to obtain materials for a fill. The exact depth at which the bones were found is not recalled, but it was not great.

The locality, according to Fairchild’s plate 42 (Bull. 127, State Mus., New York), is on the predecessor of Irondequoit Bay, extending out from Lake Iroquois. The peccaries possibly lived rather early in the late Wisconsin stage; but more probably their time of existence was considerably later, when the climate had become milder.

2. _Gainesville, Wyoming County._—From Mr. C. A. Hartnagel, assistant State geologist of New York, the writer received notice of the discovery, in 1914, of the remains of 2 peccaries at a point about one-third of a mile northwest of Gainesville. The remains consist of 2 nearly complete skulls, parts of 5 ribs, 2 scapulæ, 2 metacarpals, 1 innominate bone, 1 ilium, 1 radius, 1 ulna, and 2 tibiæ. These have been identified by Dr. John M. Clarke as belonging to _Platygonus compressus_.

The manner of burial of these peccaries is puzzling and interesting. They were found in a hill, or drumlin, which stands out on a plain of considerable extent and whose long axis runs north and south. The elevation is 1,625 feet above sea-level. The drumlin is about 600 feet long, about 300 feet wide, and 40 feet high. It is composed of sand, gravel, and stones up to a foot in diameter. The bones are said to have been discovered by a contractor who was removing sand and gravel. The bones were at the south end of the drumlin and buried in a considerable pocket of sand. Those reporting the position of the bones place them at least 10 feet from the surface, and perhaps as much as 30 feet. Mr. Hartnagel thinks it is almost necessary to suppose that the skeletons were there when the drumlin was built. To the writer it would appear still more difficult to explain how they happened to be there at that time.

NEW JERSEY.

(Map 20.)

1. _Shark River, Monmouth County._—In 1869 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. VII, p. 387), Leidy described a tooth of a peccary shown to him by Timothy Conrad, but found by Dr. P. Knieskern, supposedly in a Miocene formation of Shark River. Leidy expressed the conclusion that the tooth resembled very closely a premolar of _Dicotyles nasutus_, now called _Mylohyus nasutus_. It is very probable that the tooth had gotten into Miocene materials by accident or that there was some error in the history, and that it really belonged to a Pleistocene peccary.

PENNSYLVANIA.

(Map 20.)

1. _Stroudsburg, Monroe County._—Leidy (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1880, p. 347) reported _Dicotyles nasutus_ from the Crystal Hill (Hartman’s) cave near Stroudsburg; but later (Ann. Rep. for 1887, Pennsylvania Geol. Surv., p. 8, plate II, figs. 3–6) he described the teeth and parts of the jaws as _Dicotyles pennsylvanicus_. This species will be found on page 310 under the name _Mylohyus pennsylvanicus_, in the list of fossils found in this cave. There too will be found a discussion of the location of the cave and the probable age of the remains.

2. _Port Kennedy, Montgomery County._—In the bone cave at this place have been found 3 species of peccaries. Cope, in 1899 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, vol. II, pp. 259–263) described these under the names _Mylohyus tetragonus_, _M. pennsylvanicus_, and _M. nasutus_. The first was a new species, based on a damaged lower jaw with some of the teeth (op. cit., plate XXI, figs. 3–3b). For the present the writer refers it to the genus _Tagassu_, inasmuch as the interval between the canine and the first premolar (pm^2) is only half the length of the whole tooth row, and the molars have the structure found in _Tagassu_. Some teeth belonging to an upper jaw were referred with doubt to this species. They may have belonged to _Mylohyus pennsylvanicus_. Of the species last named, Cope had fragments of 2 lower jaw’s with some teeth in them and some teeth free from the jaws. Of _Mylohyus nasutus_, Cope had from the cave only an upper canine and its reference to this species is uncertain.

On page 312 will be found a list of the species of vertebrates found in the Port Kennedy Cave; also remarks on their geological age.

3. _Milroy, Mifflin County._—In 1882, Leidy described (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1882, p. 302) a species of peccary found in a limestone cave in the county named, but he gave no more exact information; nor did he do so in his two subsequent references to it in 1889 (Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. II, p. 49; Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Pennsylvania for 1887, p. 12, plate II, figs. 1, 2). The specimen is in the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia. In the Pennsylvania survey, as quoted, the giver is called John Schwarzer. The name of the species is _Platygonus vetus_. The writer has been informed by J. C. Swigart, county surveyor of Mifflin County, that the proper name of the donor of the specimen was John Swartzell, a former surveyor who lived near Milroy and who was much interested in geology.