Chapter XVII: On the Theory of the Pleistocene Terraces of the Coastal Plain (26)

Lynx calcaratus, 312, 316;
L. canadensis, 310;
L. ruffus, 314, 363, 364;
L. ruffus floridanus, 382;
L. sp. indet., 350

Macedon, New York, 58

Mace’s Bay, New Brunswick, 19

Machairodontinæ, 5

Machairodus floridanus, 38, 224;
M. gracilis, 312

Mackinaw trout, 112

Macomb Co., Michigan, 86, 171

Macon Co., Illinois, 102, 229, 239, 269

Macrochelys floridana, 381

MacCurdy, H. M., 85

Macy, Indiana, 97, 278

Madison, J., 113, 114

Madison, Indiana, 138;
Wisconsin, 111

Madison Co., Illinois, 33, 102, 187, 219, 254, 259, 270, 279;
Indiana, 93, 277;
New York, 272

Mahan, West Virginia, 254

Mahoning Co., Ohio, 249

Maine, 14;
Pinnipedia in, 23

Mallotus villosus, 23, 287, 288

Mammoth Ravine, Natchez, Mississippi, 390

Mammut, 14, 15, 45, 327

Mammut americanum, 11, 43, 60, 68, 75, 112, 113, 117, 118, 121, 122,
123, 126, 128, 156, 160, 162, 165, 189, 193, 200, 232, 253, 256,
260, 262, 265, 283, 295, 298, 304, 312, 321, 327, 328, 337, 338,
339, 342, 343, 347, 350, 352, 353, 354, 357, 358, 360, 363, 366,
370, 371, 374, 375, 376, 378, 379, 381, 382, 384, 385, 392, 393,
395, 396, 401, 403

Mammut americanum in Alabama, 124;
Cape Breton Island, 46;
Connecticut, 47;
Florida, 121;
Georgia, 120;
Illinois, 100;
Indiana, 88, 334;
Kentucky, 128;
Maryland, 112;
Massachusetts, 47;
Michigan, 80;
Mississippi, 124;
New Jersey, 63, 301, 304;
New York, 48, 296;
North Carolina, 115;
Ohio, 45, 73, 329;
Ontario, 45, 284;
Pennsylvania, 68, 323, 324;
South Carolina, 118;
Tennessee, 127;
Virginia, 113;
West Virginia, 115;
Wisconsin, 110

Mammut progenium, 45, 71, 107, 116, 118, 123, 126, 359, 360, 363, 364,
380

Manasquan, New Jersey, 304

Manatee, Florida, 379

Manatee Co., Florida, 145, 159, 164, 197, 222, 233, 263, 379

Manatee River, Florida, 164

Manatus antiquus, 375

Manchester, Michigan, 250, 331

Manigault, G. E., 35

Manito, Illinois, 103, 253

Mannetto gravels, 15

Mannington Township, Salem Co., New Jersey, 63

Manse, G. C., 184

Mansfield, W. C., 383

Mantanzas, Florida, 158

Maple, H. B., 77

Maple Park, Illinois, 110

Marburg, Ontario, 45

Marcy, Ohio, 230

Marianna, Florida, 121, 374

Marine fossils in Ontario, 286, 291

Marine mollusks, 16, 357;
in North Carolina, 358, 360;
Portland, Maine, 24;
South Carolina, 362;
in Talbot, 351;
at Vero, Florida, 383

Marion Co., Florida, 38, 121, 122, 158, 162, 196, 207, 224, 225, 233,
262, 263, 378;
Illinois, 102;
Indiana, 92

Marlboro, New Jersey, 65

Marmota, 397, 398;
M. arizonæ, 9;
M. monax, 310, 311, 339, 343, 348, 350, 353, 395

Marsh, O. C., 11, 34, 54, 56, 214, 259, 338

Marshall Hall, Maryland, 188, 348

Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, 15, 26, 183

Martin, C. C., 143

Martin, D. S., 49

Martin Co., Indiana, 89, 172

Maryland, 16;
Cervus canadensis in, 242;
Elephas columbi in, 154;
Elephas primigenius in, 144;
Elephas sp. indet. in, 178;
Equidæ in, 188;
extinct bisons in, 259;
geology of, 344;
mastodons in, 112;
Odocoileus in, 230;
Tapiridæ in, 204;
Tagassuidæ in, 260

Mason Co., Illinois, 103, 253;
West Virginia, 190

Massillon, Ohio, 80

Massachusetts, 14, 25;
Bison bison in, 266;
Equidæ in, 183;
mastodons in, 47;
Pinnipedia in, 25

Mastodon, 36, 43, 111, 184, 208, 219, 225, 226, 233, 240, 265, 269,
274, 289, 308, 312, 323, 344, 349, 354, 355, 362, 399
(See Mammut)

Mastodon floridanus, 121, 195;
M. giganteus, 48, 118, 120, 261, 390, 391;
M. maximus, 54, 119;
M. mirificus, 8;
M. obscurus, 118

Mastodons, 16, 45, 48, 294, 306, 331, 390;
in Alabama, 124;
in Cape Breton Island, 46;
in Connecticut, 47;
in Florida, 121;
in Georgia, 120;
in Illinois, 100;
in Indiana, 88;
in Kentucky, 128;
in Michigan, 80;
in North Carolina, 115;
in New Jersey, 63;
in New York, 48, 296;
in Maryland, 112;
in Massachusetts, 47;
in Mississippi, 124;
in Ohio, 70;
in Ontario, 45;
in Pennsylvania, 68;
in South Carolina, 118;
in Tennessee, 127;
in Virginia, 113;
in West Virginia, 115;
in Wisconsin, 110
(see Mammut)

Mather, C., 53, 55, 66

Mather, K. F., 7

Mather, W. W., 147, 168

Mathers, M. F., 172

Matson, G. C., 372, 384, 385

Matson and Clapp, 15

Matthew, G. F., 21

Matthew, G. W., 289

Matthew, W. D., 92, 97, 224, 377

Maury Co., Tennessee, 181

Maxwell, J. B., 67

Maysville, North Carolina, 116, 358

McAdams, W., 12, 34, 102, 175, 187, 246, 254, 259, 270, 279, 338

McCallie, S. W., 127, 394, 396

McCaslin, D. S., 95, 238

McGee, W. J., 14, 16, 125, 180, 356, 368, 389, 391

McKay, C. L., 83

McKinney, C. B., 92

McQuiston, R., 84

Meadville, Pennsylvania, 168

Medina Co., Ohio, 79

Megalonyx, 2, 4, 11, 14, 15, 31, 32, 33, 42, 128, 175, 187, 217, 233,
265, 280, 313, 333, 334, 391, 398, 400, 405;
M. dissimilis, 34, 41, 352, 353, 391, 392, 393;
M. jeffersonii, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 125,
204, 228, 234, 257, 269, 336, 339, 343, 353, 354, 363, 366, 367,
381, 382, 385, 390, 391, 392, 393, 395, 399, 403, 405;
M. laqueatus, 42, 44;
M. loxodon, 31, 312, 313;
M. scalper, 31, 312;
M. sp. indet., 38, 40, 321;
M. tortulus, 31, 312;
M. wheatleyi, 31, 312

Megalonyx zone, 11

Megaptera, boöps, 17, 19, 284, 288;
M. longimana, 17

Megatheriidæ, 5, 312

Megatherium, 9, 12, 14, 15, 35, 36, 37, 66, 150, 157, 172, 232, 243,
261, 304, 367, 372, 380, 392;
M. mirabile, 28, 31, 37, 38, 362, 363, 369, 370, 371, 375;
M. sp. indet., 121

Meleagridæ, 312

Meleagris altus, 312;
M. gallopavo, 310, 311;
M. superbus, 312;
M. sylvestris, 310, 311;
M. sp. indet., 321

Memphis, Tennessee, 43, 128, 280, 395, 400

Menomonie, Wisconsin, 111, 230, 247, 343

Menomonie formation, Wisconsin, 344

Mephitis fossidens, 312;
M. leptops, 312;
M. mephitica, 310, 311;
M. obtusa, 312;
M. orthostica, 312;
M. putida, 310, 311, 312, 314;
M. sp. indet., 321

Mercer, H. C., 42, 43, 209, 223, 256, 309, 316, 317, 318, 319, 396,
397, 398, 399

Mercer Co., Kentucky, 202;
New Jersey, 64, 132, 246, 267, 304

Mergus serrator, 336

Merriam, C. H., 56, 183, 184, 236

Merriam, J. C., 15

Metaxytherium floridanum, 379

Metis, Quebec, 19

Miami Co., Indiana, 97, 98, 278;
Ohio, 74

Miami River, Florida, 384

Michigan, Castoroides in, 275;
Cervus canadensis in, 237;
Elephas columbi in, 151;
Elephas primigenius in, 137;
Elephas sp. indet. in, 171;
geology of, 330;
mastodons in, 80;
musk-oxen in, 250;
Odocoileus in, 227;
Tagassuidæ in, 215

Mickleborough, J., 52

Microtus chrotorrhinus, 350;
M. dideltus, 312;
M. diluvianus, 312;
M. involutus, 312;
M. pennsylvanicus, 310, 348, 395;
M. sp. indet., 343;
M. speothen, 312

Middle River, Cape Breton Island, 46

Middlesex Co., Ontario, 45, 235

Middleton, W. G., 258

Middletown, New Jersey, 149

Mifflin Co., Pennsylvania, 69, 213

Milan, Illinois, 104

Miller, A. M., 210, 223, 405

Miller, B. L., 178, 351, 355, 356

Miller, G. S., 5, 314

Miller, J. W., 115

Millersburg, Ohio, 32

Millport, Ohio, 135

Mills, W. C., 70, 74, 80, 135, 215, 273

Milroy, Pennsylvania, 213, 324

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 143, 340

Milwaukee Co., Wisconsin, 241

Milwaukee Public Museum, 110, 111, 241

Minoa, New York, 131

Miocene, 10

Missinaibi River, Ontario, 46

Mississinawa moraine, 95, 96, 330

Mississippi, 40;
Castoroides in, 280;
Elephas sp. indet. in, 180;
Equidæ in, 200;
extinct bisons in, 264;
geology of, 385;
mastodons in, 124;
musk-oxen in, 254;
Odocoileus in, 233;
Tapiridæ in, 208;
Xenarthra in, 40

Mississippi River, 386

Missouri, 14

Mitchell, E., 117, 179, 358

Mitchell, Illinois, 270

Mitchellville, Maryland, 188, 348

Mitchill, S. L., 36, 50, 66, 69, 89, 113, 125, 149, 154, 184, 245, 401

Mitchill, Smith, and Cooper, 28

Mixon’s bone-bed, 121, 195, 224

Mock, M. G., 91, 93, 173, 174

Mohawk River, 296, 298

Mollusca in Hartman’s Cave, 310;
in loess at Natchez, 390, 392

Mollusks, Pleistocene, 52, 82, 94, 106, 107

Monday’s Landing, Kentucky, 202, 405

Monmouth Co., New Jersey, 28, 31, 65, 149, 184, 213, 227, 237, 304

Monodon monoceros, 19, 289

Monongalia Co., West Virginia, 115

Monrovia, Indiana, 152

Monroe, New York, 50

Monroe Co., Michigan, 87;
Mississippi, 234;
New York, 59, 131, 212;
Pennsylvania, 185, 213, 227, 237, 246, 272

Montauk drift, 290

Montcalm, Michigan, 82

Montgomery, New York, 52, 53

Montgomery Co., Indiana, 92, 173;
Ohio, 71, 72, 135, 274;
Pennsylvania, 31, 69, 185, 203, 213, 256

Montreal, Quebec, 17, 18, 22;
geology of, 288

Montville, Ohio, 170

Moore, J., 72, 94, 258, 274, 276, 277

Moorland, Michigan, 83, 250, 331

Moose, 229
(See Alces)

Moose River, Ontario, 46

Moose River, interglacial beds, 283

Moraines in Illinois, 332

Morgan Co., Indiana, 152

Morgantown, West Virginia, 115

Morotherium leptonyx, 8

Morpeth, Ontario, 45

Morrisania, New York, 49

Morris, Illinois, 108

Morrow Co., Ohio, 75

Mosses, 72

Mossy Creek, Tennessee, 127, 395, 396

Mott’s Corners, New York, 57

Moultrie Co., Illinois, 268

Mount, H. D., 113

Mount Gilead, Ohio, 75

Mount Healthy, Ohio, 135

Mount Hermon, New Jersey, 306

Mount Holly, Vermont, 148

Mulberry, Florida, 211, 380

Mullica Hill, New Jersey, 64, 301

Muncie, Indiana, 93, 174

Muskegon Co., Michigan, 83, 250

Muskingum Co., Ohio, 70, 134, 169, 273

Musk-ox, 308, 355

Musk-oxen, 13, 248;
in Grinnell Land, 248;
in Illinois, 253;
in Indiana, 251;
in Kentucky, 255;
in Michigan, 250;
in Mississippi, 254;
in New Jersey, 248;
in Ohio, 249;
in West Virginia, 254

Musk-rat, 337

Mustela diluviana, 312, 314;
M. noveboracensis, 310;
M. vison, 350

Mustelidæ, 312

Mycteria americana, 382

Myer, W. E., 225, 399

Myliobatis sp. indet., 381

Mylodon, 2, 4, 11, 14, 15, 36, 38, 122, 157, 209, 217, 264, 265, 333,
372;
M. harlani, 31, 37, 39, 41, 43, 44, 158, 225, 312, 313, 363, 370,
371, 375, 382, 384, 391, 392, 393, 395, 399, 403;
M. renidens, 43;
M. sp. indet., 43, 395, 397;
M. sulcidens, 43

Mylohyus, 14;
M. exortivus, 220, 348, 350;
M. nasutus, 213, 215, 216, 217, 220, 221, 223, 306, 312, 313, 328,
348, 353, 395;
M. obtusidens, 220, 348;
M. pennsylvanicus, 213, 214, 215, 220, 310, 312, 321, 350;
M. setiger, 201, 223, 394, 395;
M. tetragonus, 213, 312, 313;
M. sp. indet., 9, 382

Myotis sp. indet., 312, 313, 350;
M. subulatus, 310, 398

Myxophagus spelæus, 353

Napæozapus sp. indet., 350

Naperville, Illinois, 109, 279

Nash Co., North Carolina, 117

Nashport, Ohio, 70, 169, 273, 327

Nashville, Tennessee, 43, 127, 201, 225, 395, 399

Nassau Co., Florida, 180, 194;
New York, 49

Natchez, Mississippi, 14, 40, 125, 180, 200, 208, 233, 254 264, 280,
386, 389

Natchez formation, 385, 392

National Institute, Washington, 36

Natrix sp. indet., 314

Navesink Hills, New Jersey, 66, 184, 305

Neals, Florida, 121, 195, 206, 232

Neave Township, Darke Co., Ohio, 73

Nebraska, 15

Nebraskan drift, 2, 7, 8, 10;
on Long Island, New York, 295;
in New England, 290

Nebraskan stage, 15, 368, 378, 380;
in Florida, 374;
in North Carolina, 359, 361;
in Pennsylvania, 323

Needham, J. G., 110

Neelytown, New York, 53

Nelson, W. A., 127, 128

Neofiber alleni, 382

Neotoma, 397, 398;
N. cinerea, 9;
N. floridana, 310, 311, 353, 382;
N. magister, 310, 348, 398;
N. pennsylvanica, 311, 395;
N. sp. indet., 350

Nepean Township, Carleton Co., Ontario, 17

Neuberts Springs, Tennessee, 127

Neuse River, North Carolina, 12, 16, 117, 179, 191, 231, 242, 358

New Albany, Indiana, 89

New Antrim, New York, 50

New Berlin, Ohio, 136

New Bern, Alabama, 200, 264, 385

Newbern, North Carolina, 12, 20, 116, 179, 191, 231, 242, 358

Newberry, J. S., 79, 170

Newberry, Florida, 195;
formation, 372

Newberry Lake, 298

Newberry Terrace, Florida, 375

New Britain, Connecticut, 48

New Brunswick, cetaceans in, 19;
geology of, 289;
Pinnipedia in, 21

Newburgh, New York, 51

New Dorp, New York, 48

New England, geology of, 290;
post-Wisconsin uplift, 290

New Hampshire, 25;
glaciation of, 290;
Pinnipedia in, 25

New Hanover Co., North Carolina, 155

New Harmony, Indiana, 88

New Haven, Connecticut, 244

New Haven Co., Connecticut, 47, 244

New Holland, Ohio, 74

New Hudson, New York, 236

New Jersey, 13, 14, 15, 26, 31

New Jerseyan drift, 15

New Jersey, Bison bison in, 267;
Cervus canadensis in, 237;
Elephas columbi in, 149;
Elephas primigenius in, 132;
Equidæ in, 184;
geology of, 299;
mastodons in, 63;
musk-oxen in, 248;
Odocoileus in, 226;
Rangifer in, 245;
Tagassuidæ in, 213;
Xenarthra in, 31

New Knoxville, Ohio, 274

New Madison, Ohio, 73

New Milford, Illinois, 105

New Paris, Ohio, 72

New River, Virginia, 353

New Salisbury, Ohio, 203, 328

Newport, Kentucky, 182

Newton Co., Indiana, 96, 239, 252

New Windsor, New York, 51

New York, 14;
Bison bison in, 266, 267;
Cervus canadensis in, 235;
Castoroides in, 272;
Elephas columbi in, 149;
Elephas primigenius in, 131;
Elephas sp. indet. in, 167;
Equidæ in, 183;
geology of, 294;
mastodons in, 48;
Odocoileus in, 226;
Rangifer in, 245;
Tagassuidæ in, 212

New York City, 50

New York Co., New York, 183

New York State Museum, 50

Niagara, New York, 62

Niagara Co., New York, 62, 132

Niagara Falls, interglacial beds, 283, 285

Niantic, Illinois, 102, 229, 239, 269

Nicholas Co., Kentucky, 44, 128, 182, 234, 243, 271

Nipissing Co., Ontario, 266

Niver, Roe, 31

Noble Co., Indiana, 95

Noblesville, Indiana, 173

Norfolk Co., Ontario, 45

North Bay, Ontario, 266

North Carolina, 15, 29;
Cervus canadensis in, 242;
cetaceans in, 20;
Elephas columbi in, 155;
Elephas primigenius in, 145;
Elephas sp. indet. in, 179;
Equidæ in 190;
geology of, 355;
mastodons in, 115;
Odocoileus in, 231;
Pinnipedia in, 29

North Fairfield, Ohio, 31, 257

North Liberty, Indiana, 139

North Manchester, Indiana, 98

North Plainfield, New Jersey, 133, 306

Norton, A. H., 23, 24

Norton, S., 23

Notre Dame, Indiana, 100

Notre Dame University, Indiana, 100

Nova Scotia, geology of, 289;
Pinnipedia in, 21

Nunda, New York, 60

Oak Park, Illinois, 177

Oberlin College, Ohio, 79, 123

Ocala, Florida, 15, 38, 158, 196, 207, 224, 233, 262, 378

Ocean Grove, New Jersey, 28

Ochotona, 316;
O. palatina, 312;
O. princeps, 350

Ochotonidæ, 312

Odobenus virginianus, 26;
O. rosmarus, 25, 26, 28, 30, 363

Odocoileus, 9, 226, 265;
O. dolichopsis, 228, 258, 334;
O. lævicornis, 312, 316;
O. osceola, 233, 375, 376, 381, 382;
O. sellardsiæ, 232, 233, 382;
O. sp. indet., 38, 41, 122, 158, 195, 196, 232, 233, 252, 262, 263,
350, 374, 378, 379, 395, 398;
O. virginianus, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 238, 295,
299, 301, 306, 310, 311, 312, 313, 321, 338, 342, 347, 348, 353,
354, 363, 392, 395, 396, 403, 404;
O. whitneyi, 230

Odocoileus in Florida, 232;
in Illinois, 229;
in Indiana, 228;
in Kentucky, 234;
in Maryland, 230;
in Michigan, 227;
in Mississippi, 233;
in New Jersey, 226;
in New York, 226;
in North Carolina, 231;
in Ohio, 227;
in Ontario, 226;
in Pennsylvania, 227;
in Virginia, 231;
in West Virginia, 231;
in Wisconsin, 230

Ogden, H. B., 161

Ogle Co., Illinois, 105, 177

Ohio, 14, 31;
Ohio City, 77;
Ohio Co., West Virginia, 179;
Ohio River, 333, 355, 400

Ohio, Castoroides in, 273;
Elephas columbi in, 150;
Elephas primigenius in, 134;
Elephas sp. indet. in, 168;
Equidæ in, 185;
extinct bisons in, 257;
geology of, 324;
mastodons in, 70;
musk-oxen in, 249;
Odocoileus in, 227;
Tagassuidæ in, 214;
Tapiridæ in, 203;
Xenarthra in, 31

Okefenokee formation, 15, 368, 369

Old Fort, Ohio, 78

Old Fort Fisher, North Carolina, 359

Olive Township, St. Joseph Co., Indiana, 100

Olivet, Michigan, 82

Olor paloregonus, 8

Ondatra sp. indet., 321;
O. zibethica, 311, 348, 363

Oneida Co., New York, 236

Onondaga Co., New York, 131, 266

Onslow Co., North Carolina, 116

Ontario, 14, 22;
Bison bison in, 266;
Cervus canadensis in, 235;
cetaceans in, 17;
Elephas columbi in, 147;
Elephas primigenius in, 130;
Elephas sp. indet. in, 166;
extinct bisons in, 256;
geology of, 281;
mastodons in, 45;
Odocoileus in, 226;
Pinnipedia in, 23;
Rangifer in, 244;
vertebrate fossils in, 284

Ontario Co., New York, 58, 236

Orange Co., Florida, 196, 378;
Indiana, 89;
New York, 50, 226, 298

Orange sand in Mississippi, 387, 388, 389

“Oregon Desert,” Oregon, 15

Orizaba, Mississippi, 200, 393

Orleans, Indiana, 89;
Massachusetts, 266

Orleans Co., New York, 62

Ortmann, A. E., 303

Orton, E., 72, 274

Orycterocetus quadratidens, 370

Oryzomys palustris, 382

Osborn, H. F., 11, 52, 183

Oshkosh, Wisconsin, 270

Osmerus mordax, 287

Osmotherium spelæum, 312

Ossining, New York, 245

Otisville, New York, 54

Ottawa, Canada, fossil vertebrates at, 287

Ottawa, Illinois, 229

Ottawa East, Ontario, 17

Ottawa Co., Quebec, 22

Ottawa River, 291

Ottawa Township, Putnam Co., Ohio, 77

Otter Creek, Indiana, 138

Overpeck, Ohio, 329

Ovis mamillaris, 70, 273

Ovibos moschatus, 21, 244, 248, 249, 252, 304, 334

Ovis sp. indet., 337, 338, fig. 13

Owen, D. D., 182, 216, 234

Owen, R., 24, 25, 120

Owen Co., Indiana, 172;
Kentucky, 161

Owosso, Michigan, 276, 331

Owosso moraine, 85

Oxford Neck, Maryland, 144, 154, 230, 242

Paarmann, J. A., 104

Pablo Beach, Florida, 232, 262, 374

Packard, A. S., 23, 24

Pains Creek, Florida, 123

Pakenham, Ontario, 17

Palestine, Ohio, 136

Palm Beach, Florida, 123, 160, 200, 264

Palm Beach Co., Florida, 123, 200, 264, 384

Palma Sola, Florida, 145, 159, 197, 222, 233, 263

Palmer, W., 189, 220, 259

Palmetto, Florida, 164, 197, 233, 263, 379

Palos Park, Illinois, 240

Pamlico Co., North Carolina, 179, 231, 242

Pamlico formation, 356, 360

Panton, J. H., 45, 130

Parahippus, 9, 15;
P. sp. indet., 195, 196, 376

Parke Co., Indiana, 90, 173

Parkersburg, West Virginia, 115

Parker’s Landing, West Virginia, 349

Paterson, H. T., 145

Patriot, Indiana, 91

Pattison, W. D., 96

Pawpaw, Illinois, 153

Peabody, C., 189

Peace Creek, Florida, 11, 15, 124, 163, 199, 264, 380

Peace River, Florida, 164

Peale, C. W., 51, 54

Peale, R., 51, 53, 54

Peccaries, 5, 7, 13, 212, 330, 334
(See Tagassuidæ)

Peccary, 111, 209, 223, 354, 395, 401

Peet, C. E., 291, 300

Pekin, Illinois, 176

Pelycictis lobulatus, 312

Pemberton, New Jersey, 64, 227

Pender Co., North Carolina, 115, 357

Penhallow, D. P., 282, 283

Pennsylvania, 31;
Bison bison in, 267;
Camelidæ in, 224;
Castoroides in, 272;
Cervus canadensis in, 237;
Elephas columbi in, 150;
Elephas primigenius in, 133;
Elephas sp. indet. in, 168;
Equidæ in, 184;
extinct bisons in, 256;
geology of, 306;
mastodons in, 68;
musk-oxen in, 248;
Odocoileus in, 227;
Rangifer in, 246;
Tapiridæ in, 203;
Xenarthra in, 31

Penn Township, Jay Co., Indiana, 95

Pennville, Indiana, 238

Penny’s Slough, Illinois, 142

Penobscot Bay, 23

Pensacola formation, Alabama, 385;
Florida, 372, 373

Pensacola terrace, Florida, 375

Pensauken, New Jersey, 65

Pensauken formation, 14, 299, 301, 302, 304

Peoria, Illinois, 13, 176

Peoria Co., Illinois, 153, 176

Peorian deposits in Ohio, 325, 326

Peorian loess, 340

Peorian soil in Indiana, 93

Peorian stage, 2, 13, 283, 335

Pepin Co., Wisconsin, 178

Perinton, New York, 59, 131

Perkins, G. H., 17, 19, 20, 244, 289

Perkinsville, New York, 59

Peromyscus leucopus, 310, 312, 350, 353

Perry Co., Ohio, 215

Perthshire, Mississippi, 124

Peru, Indiana, 98

Pesotum, Illinois, 106

Petersburg, Michigan, 87

Peterson, O. A., 34, 113, 185, 190, 231, 353

Petite Anse, Louisiana, 14, 389

Pewaukee, Wisconsin, 241

Phinney, A. J., 93, 94, 238

Phoca barbata, 21, 244, 248;
P. grœnlandica, 18, 21, 22, 23, 287, 288, 289;
P. hispida, 21, 244, 248;
P. vitulina, 22, 287, 289

Phosphate, 10

Physeter antiquus, 20;
P. vetus, 20, 363, 370

Piatt Co., Illinois, 177

Picea canadensis, 49;
P. mariana, 85

Pickaway Co., Ohio, 75, 170

Pickaway Plains, Ohio, 75

Pickering, C. E., 72

Piedmont Plateau, 351

Piers, H., 46

Pigeon Creek, Indiana, 32, 33

Pike, New York, 61

Pike Co., Ohio, 70, 134

Pinckney, C. C., 205, 365

Pinckneyville, Mississippi, 126

Pinellas Co., Florida, 159, 378

Pinnipedia, 21;
in Grinnell Land, 21;
in Maine, 23;
in Massachusetts, 25;
in New Brunswick, 21;
in New Hampshire, 25;
in New Jersey, 26;
in North Carolina, 29;
in Nova Scotia, 21;
in Ontario, 23;
in Quebec, 21;
in South Carolina, 29;
in Virginia, 28

Pitt Co., North Carolina, 117, 191

Pittbridge, Texas, 15

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 69, 150, 168, 323

Pittsfield Township, Lorain Co., Ohio, 79

Pittsford, New York, 59, 131, 212

Pittston, Pennsylvania, 68, 184, 248, 256, 308

Platygonus, 2, 14, 15;
P. compressus, 34, 59, 212, 214, 215, 218, 219, 221, 295, 298, 328,
331, 342, 343, 406;
P. cumberlandensis, 219, 220, 339, 348, 350;
P. intermedius, 220, 221, 350;
P. sp. indet., 354;
P. tetragonus, 221, 348;
P. vetus, 213, 217, 220, 324, 348, 350

Platypeltis ferox, 379

Pleas, E., 94

Pleasant Township, Wabash Co., Indiana, 174

Pleistocene, divisions of, 4;
earliest, 7;
limits, 1, 7;
extinction of species, 6;
submergence, 16;
terraces, 13;
uplifts, 3;
evolution of vertebrates, 5

Pleistocene geology, 281, 406;
of Alabama, 384;
Cape Breton Island, 289;
of District of Columbia, 344;
of Florida, 372;
of Georgia, 368;
of Illinois, 334;
of Indiana, 331;
of Kentucky, 400;
of Maryland, 344;
of Michigan, 330;
of Mississippi, 385;
of New Brunswick, 289;
of New England, 290;
of New Jersey, 299;
of New York, 294;
of North Carolina, 355;
of Nova Scotia, 289;
of Ohio, 324;
of Ontario, 281;
of Pennsylvania, 306;
of Quebec, 288;
of South Carolina, 361;
of Tennessee, 393;
of Virginia, 351;
of West Virginia, 354;
of Wisconsin, 340

Pliauchenia, 2, 15

Pliocene, 1, 10, 15, 37

Pliohippus, 2, 9, 15

Plummer, J. T., 80, 94, 173

Plymouth, Michigan, 87;
North Carolina, 191, 360

Pohlig, H., 99

Point Pleasant, West Virginia, 190

Polk Co., Florida, 123, 159, 180, 196, 197, 211, 379

Ponto, M. W., 99

Pony Hollow, New York, 57

Porpoises, 16

Porter Co., Indiana, 99, 100, 239, 252

Port Hickey formation, Alabama, 385

Port Hudson clays, 126, 180;
formation, 384, 385;
group, 387, 388, 389

Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania, 12, 15, 31, 69, 185, 203, 213, 256, 311

Port Kennedy Cave, plants and insects of, 317

Portland, Maine, 24, 25

Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 25

Portway, New York, 59

Posey Co., Indiana, 88

Potholes at Cohoes, New York, 296

Poughkeepsie, New York, 55

Preble Co., Ohio, 72, 274

Pre-Wisconsin drift in New England, 292

Prince George Co., Maryland, 178, 188;
Virginia, 113

Princeton, Indiana, 89

Princeton University, New Jersey, 64, 132

Procamelus, 8, 9, 15, 121, 376, 377, 378;
P. coconinensis, 9;
P. longurio, 9;
P. major, 9, 121, 224, 375;
P. medius, 224, 225;
P. minimus, 9, 158, 196, 225, 375, 378;
P. minor, 224, 225, 375, 376, 380;
P. sp. indet., 8, 37, 225, 376

Procyon lotor, 310, 311, 353, 363, 382, 395;
P. priscus, 34, 218, 219, 337, 343

Protohippus, 2, 8, 15;
P. sp. indet., 8

Provincial Museum, Halifax, 46

Pseudemys cælata, 375, 379;
P. extincta, 379;
P. floridanus persimilis, 382;
P. sp. indet., 363

Public Museum, Milwaukee, 97, 143

Pugh, G. T., 361, 363, 367

Pulaski, Indiana, 96, 140

Pusheta Township, Auglaize Co., Ohio, 76

Putnam, F. W., 47, 246, 248

Putnam Co., Indiana, 91, 173;
Ohio, 77

Putorius ermineus, 310

Quebec, 14, 18;
cetaceans in, 18;
geology of, 288;
Pinnipedia in, 21

Queen Anne Co., Maryland, 154, 347

Queensbury, New York, 132

Queens Co., New York, 49

Querquedula floridana, 382

Rabbit, 14

Racine Co., Wisconsin, 110

Racket River, New York, 235, 245

Rafinesque, C. S., 129

Raisin River, Michigan, 250

Rana catesbiana, 322;
R. sp. indet., 312

Randolph Co., Illinois, 101, 175;
Indiana, 94, 139, 228, 238, 252, 277, 334

Rangifer, 227, 283, 337;
in Connecticut, 244;
in eastern North America, 244;
in Illinois, 246;
in New Jersey, 245;
in New York, 245;
in Ontario, 244;
in Pennsylvania, 246;
in Vermont, 244;
in Wisconsin, 247

Rangifer caribou, 244, 245, 246, 292, 295, 299, 304, 310, 311, 403;
R. grœnlandica, 246;
R. muscatinensis, 247, 339;
R. tarandus, 21, 244, 245, 248

Ranidæ, 312

Read, M. C., 170

Reading, Pennsylvania, 69, 324

Recent formation, 345

Red Bridge, New York, 55

Redfield, W. C., 299

Reedsville, Pennsylvania, 69, 324

Reindeer, 285, 293
(See Rangifer)

Renicks, West Virginia, 221

Rensselaer, Indiana, 239

Rhinoceros, 8, 121, 211;
R. longipes, 211;
R. proterus, 195, 211

Rhinoceroses, 10, 211

Rhinocerotidæ, 5, 211

Rhoads, S. N., 21, 26, 63, 64, 65, 246, 249, 256

Rhode Island, Pleistocene of, 290

Rice, F. P., 47

Rich Grove Township, Pulaski Co., Indiana, 97

Richland Center, Wisconsin, 111

Richland Co., South Carolina, 193;
Wisconsin, 111

Richmond, Indiana, 94, 252, 276, 334;
Vermont, 167

Richmond Co., New York, 48

Ridge, H. L., 43

Ridgewood, New York, 49

Riegelsville, Pennsylvania, 237, 246, 249, 267

Riggs, E. S., 97, 109, 229, 240, 269, 337

Rimouski Co., Quebec, 19, 21

Ringgold, Washington, 15

Riverdale, Michigan, 85

Riverhead, New York, 49

Rivière du Loup, Quebec, 18

Roann, Indiana, 229, 334

Roberts, H., 150

Robertson, J. D., 122, 207

Robinson, M., 100

Rochelle, Illinois, 177

Rochester, Indiana, 140;
New York, 59, 212

Rockcastle Co., Kentucky, 223, 406

Rockingham Co., Virginia, 114

Rock Island, Illinois, 176

Rock Island Co., Illinois, 104, 176

Rockland Co., New York, 50

Rockport, New Jersey, 67

Rocky Mount, North Carolina, 117, 360

Rogers, H. E., 69

Rogersville, Pennsylvania, 150, 322;
Tennessee, 127, 201, 222, 394, 395

Ross Co., Ohio, 169

Rossville, Illinois, 107

Roundhead, Ohio, 75

Royal Center, Indiana, 97

Royerton, Indiana, 94

Rural Township, Rock Island Co., Illinois, 104

Russell, I. C., 386

Russell and Leverett, 88, 237

Rutgers College, 55, 63

Rutherford, Pennsylvania, 185

Rutland, Vermont, 148

Saber-tooth tigers, 5, 13, 315

Sable Island, Nova Scotia, 21

Safely, R., 56

Saginaw Co., Michigan, 84, 171

St. Augustine, Florida, 15

St. Catharines, Ontario, 46, 147, 166

St. Clair, Tennessee, 127

St. Clair Co., Illinois, 101

St. Clements, Maryland, 112, 347

St. Elmo formation, Alabama, 385

St. Francisville, Illinois, 259

St. Helena Island, South Carolina, 118

St. John Co., Florida, 37, 122, 158, 194, 375

St. Johns, Indiana, 174; Ohio, 76

St. Joseph Co., Indiana, 100, 139

St. Lawrence Co., New York, 235, 245

St. Lawrence River, 288, 291

St. Lucie Co., Florida, 38, 122, 159, 163, 199, 208, 222, 225, 263, 381

St. Marks River, Florida, 157

St. Mary’s City, Maryland, 112, 347

St. Mary’s Co., Maryland, 112

St. Mary’s River, Florida, 180, 194

St. Petersburg, Florida, 159, 378

St. Thomas, Ontario, 45

Salamonie moraine, 95

Salem Co., New Jersey, 63, 226

Saline, Michigan, 88

Salisbury, R. D., 67, 300

Salisbury and Knapp, 66, 299, 303

Salisbury Mills, New York, 51

Saltar, J. C., 64

Salt Creek, Columbiana Co., Ohio, 186, 327

Salt Creek Township, Ohio, 75

Saltville, Maryland, 259

Saltville, Smyth Co., Virginia, 34, 113, 145, 190, 231, 352

Sandoval, Illinois, 102

Sandusky, Ohio, 78

Sanford, S., 372, 384

Sangamon Co., Illinois, 176

Sangamon River, 14

Sangamon stage, 2, 12, 14, 32, 93, 283, 328, 329, 330, 349, 351, 396,
404;
deposits, 325, 326, 333, 340

Sangamona, 13, 14, 231, 348, 395, 396

San Pablo Beach, Florida, 122

Santee Canal, South Carolina, 162

Sarasota, Florida, 159, 379

Sarasota Bay, Florida, 38, 198

Sarasota Co., Florida, 38, 159, 198

Satilla formation, 15, 368, 369

Savage, T. E., 141

Savannah, Georgia, 11, 15, 36, 120, 157, 194, 262, 371

Savannah River, 368

Saxicava sands, 288

Sayles, Ira, 395

Scalops, 312;
S. aquaticus, 310;
S. sp. indet., 314

Scalopus aquaticus, 310;
S. aquaticus australis, 382;
S. sp. indet., 312, 313

Scanlan collection, 205

Scarboro beds, Ontario, 281, 283

Scarboro formation, 226

Scarboro Heights, Ontario, 283

Schooley’s Mountain, New Jersey, 67, 306

Schuchert, C., 48

Schultz, A., 220, 348

Sciuridæ, 312

Sciuropterus alpinus, 350

Sciurus calycinus, 312;
S. carolinensis, 310, 311, 348;
S. hudsonicus, 348, 350;
S. panolius, 353;
S. sp. indet., 321;
S. tenuidens, 348

Scolopax sp. indet., 314

Scotchtown, New York, 54

Scott Co., Kentucky, 210

Scottsburg, New York, 60

Scudder, S. H., 283

Sellards, E. H., 10, 20, 38, 39, 40, 121, 122, 123, 157, 158, 160, 162,
163, 180, 194, 195, 196, 206, 207, 211, 222, 224, 225, 232, 233,
263, 372, 374, 376, 381, 384

Selma, Ohio, 136

Seneca, Ohio, 78

Seneca Castle, New York, 58, 236

Seneca Co., New York, 58

Seneca Lake, New York, 58, 167

Shadeville, Ohio, 75

Shaler, N. S., 26, 182, 243, 270, 271, 290, 360, 361, 402

Shark River, New Jersey, 213, 306

Sharon, Connecticut, 48

Shattuck, G. B., 15, 29, 112, 344, 347

Shatzer, C. G., 74

Shawangunk mastodon, 54

Shawangunk, New York, 54

Shaw, E. W., 89, 188

Shaw, J., 105

Shaw and Munn, 307, 323, 354, 355

Shaw and Savage, 141

Shaw mastodon, 71

Shawneetown, Illinois, 100, 278

Sheep, 169, 273

Shelby Co., Tennessee, 43, 128, 280

Shelbyville moraine, 335

Sheldon, Pearl, 57, 58

Shelburne, Ontario, 130

Shepard, C. N., 119

Sheridan formation, 11

Shetrone, H. C., 74

Shiawassee Co., Michigan, 86, 276

Shimek, B., 11, 126, 392

Shoals, Indiana, 89, 172

Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, 47

Sidney moraine, 326

Sigmodon hispidus, 382;
S. sp. indet., 382

Sinsinawa, Wisconsin, 111, 342

Siren lacertina, 382

Skidaway Island, Georgia, 36, 120, 157, 194, 262, 370, 371

Skunk, 14
(See Mephitis)

Sloan, E., 30, 361, 368

Smilodon, 14;
S. floridanus, 158, 196;
S. mercerii, 312

Smilodontopsis, 14;
S. gracilis, 314;
S. mercerii, 312, 314;
S. mooreheadi, 348

Smith, B., 272

Smith, E. A., 384, 386

Smith, H. P., 257

Smith, L. H., 235

Smith, R. A., 87

Smith, W. H., 82, 171

Smithland, Kentucky, 129

Smith’s Falls, Ontario, 17, 289

Smyth Co., Virginia, 113, 145, 190, 231, 259

Sonora, Ohio, 73

Soricidæ, 312

Sources of Pleistocene vertebrates, 4

South America, connection with, 3

South Bloomfield, Ohio, 75, 170

South Carolina, 29, 35;
Alces in, 363, 364;
Castoroides in, 279;
Cervus canadensis in, 242;
cetaceans in, 20;
Elephas columbi in, 155;
Elephas imperator in, 162;
Equidæ in, 191;
extinct bisons in, 260;
geology of, 361;
Hydrochœrus in, 365;
mastodons in, 118;
Odocoileus in, 231;
Pinnipedia in, 29;
Tagassuidæ in, 221;
Tapiridæ in, 204;
Xenarthra in, 35

Southport, North Carolina, 15

Sparksville, Indiana, 89

Spencer, J. W., 283, 284, 285, 292, 368

Spencer Co., Indiana, 33

Spilogale putorius, 322, 353

Springfield Township, Lucas Co., Ohio, 77, 329

Stafford, New York, 61

Stahl, J. P., 137

Staley, Illinois, 152

Stamping Ground, Kentucky, 210

Stansfield, J., 17, 288

Stanton, Michigan, 82

Stark Co., Ohio, 80, 136, 150, 170

Starke Co., Indiana, 278

Staten Island, New York, 49

Stauffer, C. R., 186

Staunton, Virginia, 190

Steele’s Corners, New York, 236

Stegomastodon, 2, 14;
S. mirificus, 377

Stephenson, L. W., 15, 29, 180, 194, 207, 352, 355, 356, 359, 361, 368,
369

Sterling, E., 78, 170

Sterling, Illinois, 105

Steuben Co., Indiana, 95;
New York, 59

Steubenville, Ohio, 254, 355

Stevenson, J. J., 69, 70

Stewartstown, West Virginia, 115, 355

Stockholm, Wisconsin, 178

Stokes Ferry, Florida, 180, 194, 374

Stone, G. N., 25

Stone River, South Carolina, 363

Stormont Co., Ontario, 18

Stose, G. W., 140, 349

Stose and Swartz, 346

Strathroy, Ontario, 235

Stronghurst, Illinois, 152

Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, 185, 213, 227, 237, 246, 272

Suffolk Co., New York, 49

Sullivan, Illinois, 268

Sullivan Co., New York, 55;
Tennessee, 209

Sulphur Springs, Florida, 123

Summitville, Indiana, 277

Sumter Co., Florida, 158

Sumterville, Florida, 158

Sunderland formation, 116, 118, 299, 345, 346, 351, 356

Sus americanus, 261

Susquehanna River, 296

Sussex Co., New Jersey, 68

Swartzell, J., 214

Swartzell, M., 69, 214

Swedesboro, New Jersey, 184, 301

Switzerland Co., Indiana, 138

Sycium cloacinum, 312

Sylvilagus floridanus, 310, 311, 312, 313, 337, 343, 348, 353, 363;
S. palustris, 382;
S. sp. indet., 38, 378, 382

Symbos, 14;
S. cavifrons, 96, 104, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 331,
334, 339, 354, 392, 393, 403, 404;
S. promptus, 254;
S. sp. indet., 68, 184, 248

Synaptomys borealis, 350;
S. sp. indet., 350

Syracuse, New York, 266

Tagassu lenis, 217, 218, 219, 220, 222, 342, 343, 347, 348, 363, 379,
382;
T. sp. indet., 222, 363;
T. tetragonus, 220, 221, 312;
T. torquatus, 220

Tagassuidæ, 5, 312;
in Florida, 222;
in Illinois, 218;
in Indiana, 216;
in Maryland, 220;
in Michigan, 215;
in New Jersey, 213;
in New York, 212;
in Ohio, 214;
in South Carolina, 221;
in Tennessee, 222;
in Virginia, 221;
in West Virginia, 221;
in Wisconsin, 219

Talbot Co., Maryland, 144, 230, 242

Talbot formation, 16, 29, 299, 345, 346, 351

Talbot stage, 188

Tallahatchie Co., Mississippi, 124

Talpidæ, 312

Tamarack, 85

Tamias lævidens, 353;
T. striatus, 287, 310, 395

Tampa Bay, Florida, 123, 159, 208, 263, 379

Tampico, Indiana, 89

Tapir, 187, 209, 223, 228, 232, 328, 395, 396

Tapiridæ, 5, 203, 312;
in Florida, 206;
in Georgia, 206;
in Indiana, 203;
in Kentucky, 209;
in Mississippi, 208;
in Ohio, 203;
in Pennsylvania, 203;
in South Carolina, 204;
in Tennessee, 209;
in Virginia, 204

Tapirs, 13, 333, 334

Tapirus, 9, 14, 15;
T. americanus, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208, 209, 391;
T. haysii, 32, 43, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 209, 210, 217, 257, 312,
313, 350, 353, 363, 370, 372, 375, 382, 391, 392, 393, 395, 397,
403, 404, 405, 406;
T. sp. indet., 37, 204, 321, 363, 376, 378, 379, 395;
T. tennesseæ, 209, 395;
T. terrestris, 195, 203, 206, 376, 381, 392;
T. veroensis, 204, 205, 208, 382

Tarboro, North Carolina, 117, 360

Tarr, R. S., 57

Taurotragus, 14;
T. americanus, 12, 337, 339, 350

Taxidea americana, 312;
T. robusta, 9;
T. sp. indet., 350;
T. taxus, 312

Taylor, A. E., 90

Taylor, F. B., 130, 291, 330, 331

Tazewell Co., Illinois, 176

Teleoceras, 8, 9, 15, 211, 376;
T. fossiger, 8, 37, 211;
T. proterus, 121, 375, 377, 380;
T. sp. indet., 380

Teleopternus orientalis, 224, 312, 313

Tennessee, 41;
Camelidæ in, 225;
Castoroides in, 280;
Elephas primigenius in, 146;
Elephas sp. indet. in, 181;
Equidæ in, 201;
geology of, 393;
mastodons in, 127;
Tagassuidæ in, 222;
Tapiridæ in, 209;
Xenarthra in, 41

Tephrocyon, 15

Terraces, Allegheny River, 355;
Coastal Plain, Florida, 372;
Coastal Plain, North Carolina, 356;
Monongahela River, 354;
Pleistocene, 13

Terrapene antipex, 122, 158, 375, 382;
T. canaliculata, 371;
T. carolina, 310, 311;
T. eurypygia, 312, 347;
T. formosa, 378;
T. innoxia, 382;
T. putnami, 197, 379;
T. sp. indet., 353

Terre Coupée, Michigan, 83

Terre Haute, Indiana, 151

Testudo crassiscutata, 197, 363, 379, 381;
T. distans, 378;
T. hayi, 380;
T. incisa, 378;
T. luciæ, 383;
T. munda, 395;
T. obtusa, 381, 384;
T. ocalana, 378, 379;
T. sellardsi, 382;
T. sp. indet., 40

Tetracaulodon, 99

Tétreauville, Quebec, 22

Texas, 11, 13

Thamnophis sirtalis, 311

Thinobadistes segnis, 37, 375

Third Lake, New York, 236

Thompson, W. H., 173

Thompson, Z., 148

Thousand Creek fauna, 8

Thousand Creek, Nevada, 15

Three Oaks, Michigan, 137, 331

Throg’s Neck, New York, 183, 295, 296

Thuja occidentalis, 67

Tilton, J. L., 155

Tioga Co., Pennsylvania, 133

Tippah Co., Mississippi, 200

Tipton Co., Indiana, 152

Tomistoma americanum, 380

Tompkins Co., New York, 57

Toronto, Ontario, 14, 46, 130, 167, 226, 244, 256;
fossil vertebrates of, 284;
geology of, 281

Toronto formation, 281

Tourner’s, Florida, 160, 380

Townsend, G., 81

Towson, Maryland, 112, 348

Toxaspis anguillulatus, 312

Trachemys bisornata, 384;
T. euglypha, 379, 381;
T. jarmani, 379;
T. nuchocarinata, 374, 382;
T. sculpta, 379, 383, 384;
T. sp. indet., 197

Tragocerus, 8

Trees in Don beds, Toronto, Ontario, 282;
at Savannah, Georgia, 371

Trempealeau Co., Wisconsin, 241

Trenton, New Jersey, 64, 132, 237, 246;
fossil mammals at, 304;
geology of, 304;
gravels, 14, 65

Trichechus antiquus, 363, 381;
T. manatus, 376;
T. virginianus, 29

Trichiurus lepturus, 363, 366

Trim Creek, Illinois, 108

Troost, G., 125, 127, 389

Troy, New York, 183;
Ohio, 74

Trucifelis, 14;
T. floridanus, 15, 378, 382

Trumbull Co., Ohio, 80, 249

Tryonville, Pennsylvania, 150, 323

Tsala Apopka formation, Florida, 372, 373;
terrace, Florida, 375

Tunkhannock, Pennsylvania, 68, 324

Tuomey, M., 119, 120, 232, 361, 366

Turner, G., 119

Turner, G. B., 143

Turner’s, Florida, 380

Tuscumbia, Alabama, 40, 385

Twells, H., 64

Twin Creek, Ohio, 72, 274

Tyler, L. G., 113

Udden, J. A., 104, 176, 187

Ulrich, E. O., 169

Ulster Co., New York, 54

Uncia inexpectata, 312

Underwood, L., 266

Ungava, Canada, Elephas sp. indet., in, 166

Unio, species, 303

Union City, Indiana, 277;
moraine, 139, 152, 229

Union Co., New Jersey, 133

Union Grove, Illinois, 240

Unionidæ in Don beds, Ontario, 282;
in Fish House beds, New Jersey, 303

United States National Museum, 80, 163, 164, 188, 264

University of Michigan, 87;
University of Rochester, 58, 60

Upper Marlboro, Maryland, 178

Urbana, Illinois, 33, 106, 336;
Ohio, 74, 249

Urocyon cinereoargenteus, 299, 310, 311, 312, 314, 337;
U. latidentatus, 312, 314

Ursidæ, 312

Ursus americanus, 78, 125, 226, 283, 311, 312, 321, 339, 348, 350, 363,
364, 391, 392, 403;
U. amplidens, 217, 353, 391, 392, 393;
U. floridanus, 382, 395;
U. procerus, 329;
U. sp. indet., 41, 376, 398;
U. vitabilis, 350

Utica, Michigan, 86

Valparaiso, Indiana, 100;
moraine, 82, 83, 107, 108, 177, 330

VanBuren Co., Tennessee, 41

Vanderburg Co., Indiana, 32, 171, 186, 203, 228, 257, 276, 334

Van Horn, F., 151

Van Rensselaer, J., 55, 60, 66, 133

Van Wert Co., Ohio, 77

Veatch, A. C., 15, 33, 368, 389

Venice, Michigan, 86

Vermillion Co., Illinois. 106;
Indiana, 173

Vermont, Cervus canadensis in, 235;
cetaceans in, 19;
Elephas columbi in, 148;
Elephas sp. indet. in, 167;
geology of, 291;
Rangifer in, 244

Vernon Co., Wisconsin, 259

Vero, Florida, 10, 11, 15, 38, 122, 163, 199, 208, 222, 225, 263, 373,
381, 382;
marls, 15

Verona, New Jersey, 66

Versailles, Ohio, 136

Vertebrates, number of Pleistocene species, 4;
sources of Pleistocene, 4

Vespertilio fuscus, 310;
V. grandis, 350;
V. gryphus, 398;
V. sp. indet., 310, 312, 313, 350, 353;
V. subulatus, 310

Vespertilionidæ, 312

Vevay, Indiana, 91, 138

Vicksburg, Mississippi, 124

Victoria Co., Cape Breton Island, 46

Victoria Museum, Ottawa, 45

Vienna, New Jersey, 67

Vigo Co., Indiana, 138, 151, 172

Vincennes, Indiana, 88, 90, 258, 334

Vincentown, New Jersey, 227, 245

Virginia, 15, 28, 34;
Elephas primigenius in, 145;
Elephas sp. indet. in, 178;
Equidæ in, 189;
extinct bisons in, 259;
geology of, 351;
mastodons in, 113;
Odocoileus in, 231;
Pinnipedia in, 28;
Tagassuidæ in, 221;
Tapiridæ in, 204;
Xenarthra in, 34

Virginia deer, 32, 227, 229, 242, 257

Volk, E., 237, 248, 267

Volusia Co., Florida, 20, 122, 158, 378

Vulpes fulvus, 299;
V. palmaria, 282;
V. sp. indet., 350;
V. virginiana, 311

Wabash College, Indiana, 99

Wabash Co., Indiana, 98, 218, 229, 239, 334

Wabash deposits, 13

Wade, Florida, 195, 262

Wagner, G., 111

Wailesboro, Indiana, 172, 251, 334

Wailles, B. C. L., 41, 125, 180, 391

Wakulla Co., Florida, 157, 179, 374

Wakulla Springs, Florida, 179, 374

Walker, J. E., 92

Walker, S. T., 233

Walker River, Nevada, 15

Wallkill, New York, 54

Walnut, Illinois, 105

Walrus, 7, 21, 22, 23, 30, 31, 289, 293, 306, 352, 360

Wando clays, South Carolina, 360

Wando River, South Carolina, 35, 192, 362, 363

Wapakoneta, Ohio, 76, 275

Ward, F. H., 149

Ward, H. A., 147, 166

Ward, H. L., 60, 97

Warder, R. B., 91

Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, 121, 138, 149, 158, 212

Warren, C. K., 137

Warren, J. C., 48, 50, 54, 67, 68, 83, 109, 134, 148, 165

Warren Co. New Jersey, 67;
New York, 132;
Mississippi, 124

Warren mastodon, 51

Warrenton, Virginia, 178

Warsaw, Illinois, 103

Washington Co., Illinois, 101;
Maine, 23;
Maryland, 112, 189;
Ohio, 169;
Pennsylvania, 70, 133, 323;
Virginia, 113, 189;
Vermont, 244

Washington, D. C., 178, 348

Washington Township, Auglaize Co., Ohio, 76

Washtenaw Co., Michigan, 88, 227, 228, 237, 250, 275

Waterloo, Indiana, 95

Waukesha, Wisconsin, 110, 340

Waukesha Co., Wisconsin, 110, 241

Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, 241

Wauzeka, Wisconsin, 111

Waverly, Ohio, 134, 327

Waychoff, A. J., 133, 150

Wayland, New York, 59

Wayne Co., Indiana, 94, 138, 173, 238, 252, 276;
Michigan, 87;
New York, 58, 131, 272;
North Carolina, 115

Webster, Indiana, 138

Weidman, S., 111, 230, 241, 247, 343

Wellsburg, New York, 167

Welland Port, Ontario, 46

Welsh, J., 78

Wentworth Co., Ontario, 147, 166, 234

Westchester Co., New York, 50, 245

Westfield, New York, 63

West Sonora, Ohio, 73, 274

West Virginia, 34;
Elephas columbi in, 155;
Elephas sp. indet. in, 179;
Equidæ in, 190;
geology of, 354;
mastodons in, 115;
musk-oxen in, 254;
Odocoileus in, 231;
Tagassuidæ in, 221;
Xenarthra in, 34

Whales, 16

Wheatley, C. M., 31, 69, 185, 203, 256, 312, 317, 318, 319

Wheaton, Illinois, 177

Wheeler, F., 153

Wheeling, West Virginia, 179

White, I. C., 68, 115

White Beach, Florida, 38, 379

Whiteaves, J. F., 17, 147

Whitehall, Wisconsin, 241

Whitesburg, Tennessee, 14, 201, 209, 223, 395

Whiteside Co., Illinois, 105, 240

Whitewillow, Illinois, 109, 229, 240, 269, 337

Whitfield, R. P., 49, 50, 303

Whitney, J. D., 111, 178, 219, 230, 240, 341, 342

Whittlesey, C., 77, 78, 79, 109, 169, 183, 186, 203

Wicomico formation, 16, 118, 299, 345, 346, 351, 356;
terrace, 112

Wiedmer, J., 103, 253

Wilbur, C. D., 109

Willcockson, Arkansas, 12

Wilder, B. G., 57

Wilkinson Co., Mississippi, 126

Will Co., Illinois, 107, 241

Willcox, J., 38, 198, 199, 263

Williams, E. D., 155

Williams, E. H., 307

Williams, Indiana, 217, 334

Williams Township, Bay Co., Michigan, 84

Williamsburg, Virginia, 113, 352

Williamson, C. W., 76, 227, 274

Williamson, New York, 131

Williamson Co., Tennessee, 127

Williamstown, Ontario, 18

Williston, S. W., 11

Williston, Florida, 37, 121, 195, 211, 224

Wills Creek, Allegany Co., Maryland, 349

Wilmington, North Carolina, 357;
Ohio, 214, 273

Wilson, R., 162

Wilson Co., North Carolina, 117, 359

Winchell, A., 80, 81, 86, 87, 130, 151, 171

Winchell, N. H., 77, 78, 178

Winchester, Indiana, 139;
Kentucky, 255

Windfall, Indiana, 152

Windsor, Indiana, 139

Winnebago Co., Illinois, 105;
Wisconsin, 270

Wirt Co., West Virginia, 155

Wisconsin, 2, 14;
Bison bison in, 270;
Cervus canadensis in, 241;
Elephas primigenius in, 143;
Elephas sp. indet. in, 178;
extinct bisons in, 259;
mastodons in, 110;
Odocoileus in, 230;
Rangifer in, 247;
Tagassuidæ in, 219;
depression, 291;
drift, 281, 292, 295, 324, 326, 328, 329, 330, 331, 335, 340;
geology of, 340;
ice-sheet, 298; 307, 332, 355;
moraine, 300, 307, 326;
stage, 12, 14, 32, 33, 283, 286, 300, 316, 322, 334, 367, 403;
uplift, 291

Wissler, C., 304

Wistar, C., 35, 181, 401

Withlacoochee River, 122, 158

Wolbrandt, C. H., 100

Wolf, 111, 219, 270, 302

Wood, N. A., 81, 82, 83, 88, 275, 276

Wood Co., Ohio, 78;
West Virginia, 115, 231

Woodbury, New Jersey, 301;
Vermont, 244

Woodhull, Illinois, 154

Woodstock, Ohio, 74

Woodstown, New Jersey, 226

Woodville, Mississippi, 126;
Wisconsin, 344

Woodworth, J. B., 26, 183, 245, 290, 291, 292

Woolman, L., 351, 360

Woolman, S., 302

Woolper Creek, Kentucky, 265

Woolworth, S., 149

Worcester, Massachusetts, 47

Worthen, A. H., 101, 102, 103, 108, 175, 176, 229, 239, 269, 279

Worthington Co., Maryland, 220

Wright, G. F., 115, 274, 283, 307

Wyandotte, Michigan, 87

Wyandot, Ohio, 78

Wylie, T. A., 172

Wyman, Jeffries, 40, 43, 111, 219, 230, 270, 280, 400

Wyoming Co., New York, 61, 212;
Pennsylvania, 68

Wythe Co., Virginia, 34, 114, 190, 204, 221, 231, 260, 353

Wurtsboro, New York, 55

Xenarthra, 31;
in Alabama, 40;
in Florida, 37;
in Georgia, 36;
in Illinois, 33;
in Indiana, 32;
in Kentucky, 43;
in Mississippi, 40;
in New Jersey, 31;
in Ohio, 31;
in Pennsylvania, 31;
in South Carolina, 35;
in Tennessee, 41;
in Virginia, 34;
in West Virginia, 34

Yakima Co., Washington, 15

Yale University, 54, 60, 74, 279

Yarmouth deposits, 2;
in Illinois, 336;
in New England, 290;
in Ohio, 325

Yarmouth stage, 12, 14, 187, 290, 325, 336

Yarnallton, Kentucky, 210, 405

Yazoo Co., Mississippi, 126

Yonge’s Island, South Carolina, 363

York Co., Ontario, 46, 130, 167, 244, 256;
Pennsylvania, 69;
Virginia, 113

York River, Virginia, 352

Yorkville, Illinois, 109

Young, C., 73

Young Island, South Carolina, 366

Youngstown, Ohio, 249

Ypsilanti, Michigan, 88

Zamenis acuminatus, 312, 314

Zanesville, Ohio, 134, 273, 327

Zapodidæ, 312

Zapus hudsonius, 312

Zirkel’s Cave, Tennessee, 209, 223, 395, 396

Zolfo, Florida, 38, 160, 380

------------------------------------------------------------------------

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Several maps were moved to be consistently before their explanation. 2. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. 3. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. 4. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. 5. Superscripts are denoted by a caret before a single superscript character or a series of superscripted characters enclosed in curly braces, e.g. M^r. or M^{ister}. 6. Subscripts are denoted by an underscore before a series of subscripted characters enclosed in curly braces, e.g. H_{2}O.

End of Project Gutenberg's The Pleistocene of North America, by Oliver P. Hay