Chapter IV: The Minor Varieties of Plums (2)

Originated at the Yates County Nurseries near Seneca Lake, New York, by J. H. Plattman, from a seed of a plum which grew near a Washington and a Reine Claude. Tree upright, vigorous and productive; fruit medium to large, blue; good; mid-season.

=Bunte Fruh Pflaume.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 424. 1889.

=Bunter Perdrigon.= Domestica. =1.= Lange _Allgem. Garten._ =2=:419. 1879. =2.= Lauche _Deut. Pom._ 18, Pl. 4. 1882. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 424. 1889.

_Der Bunter Perdrigon_ 2. _Perdrigon Bariole_ 3.

A European variety called Bunter because of its variegated colored fruit. Tree large; fruit medium, violet-blue on the sunny side, red and green on the shaded side; flesh greenish, juicy, sprightly; quality fair; freestone; recommended for table and drying purposes in Germany.

=Burbank First.= Triflora. =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =65=:730. 1906.

Burbank’s First 1.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit small, red and yellow; early; inferior.

=Burbank No. 1.= Triflora. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =62=:22. 1894.

One of Burbank’s seedlings said to resemble Berckmans.

=Burbank No. 7.= Triflora × Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =118=:52. 1895. =2.= _Ibid._ =169=:249. 1899.

Tree vigorous, round-topped, branches upright; fruit roundish-ovate; cavity narrow, deep, suture broad, shallow; greenish-yellow; flesh pale yellow, sweet, juicy, sprightly, highly flavored; stone turgid, roundish-oval, semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Burbank No. 11.= Triflora × Domestica? =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =129=:32, 34. 1896.

Both tree and fruit give indications of an admixture of Domestica. Tree not productive; fruit large; flavor good.

=Burbank × Redick.= Triflora × Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 228. 1909.

A hybrid from Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska, published in the preceding reference under the name of its parents. It resembles the Burbank very closely and is said to be somewhat more hardy than that variety but inferior in quality.

=Burchardt Gelbe Fruh Zwetsche.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 424. 1889.

Listed by Mathieu from _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 286. 1884.

=Burettes.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 374. 1857. =2.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =5=:47, Pl. 1857. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:115. 1866-73.

Burrettes 1. Des Burettes 3. Prune Des Burettes 2.

Originated by M. Gregoire of Burrettes, Belgium, and first reported in 1849. Tree vigorous, hardy; fruit large, irregularly oval; suture faint; dull greenish-yellow with rose-purple on the sunny exposure; flesh green, fine, melting; juice abundant, sweet, agreeably aromatic; good; freestone.

=Burford.= Triflora × Munsoniana. =1.= Munson _Cat._ 1906-7.

A seedling of Burbank crossed with Clifford from T. V. Munson, Denison, Texas. Tree weeping; branches more slender than those of Burbank; fruit large, round, light, bright red; stone small.

=Burgundy Prune.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 374. 1857. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 424. 1889. =3.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 357. 1891.

Burgunder Zwetsche 2. _Prune de Bourgoyne_ 1, 2. _Burgundy Prune_ 2. Susina Torla d’ Nova di Borgogna 2 incor.

Fruit medium, egg-shaped with a neck; suture indistinct; reddish-black; dots minute, numerous; flesh juicy, sugary, pleasant; freestone; mid-season.

=Burlington Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Goodrich _N. Fr. Cult._ 83. 1849. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 902. 1869.

Raised from seed of some unknown “Blue Gage,” brought from Connecticut about 1800, and planted by Mrs. Ozias Buel of Burlington, Vermont. Tree hardy, vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval, dark purplish-blue, with abundant bloom; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, rich; freestone; early; formerly considered valuable.

=Burnet.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:163. 1843.

Fruit small, roundish, purple; freestone; mid-season; similar to Wine Sour.

=Bursoto.= Triflora × Americana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =10=:106. 1897. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 144. 1901.

A hybrid of Burbank with De Soto, grown and named by Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska, about 1890. Tree of the Americana type; fruit large, oblique, oval; cavity lacking; stem short, thick; light red and yellow; dots small, white; skin thick; flesh yellow, juicy; good; stone semi-clinging; early.

=Byefield.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 272. 1845.

Fruit small, round; suture a line; light yellow, with red spots around the stem; flesh yellow; clingstone; good; early; rejected by the American Pomological Society in 1888.

=Caddo Chief.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 162. 1881. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:60, 86. 1892. =3.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:479. 1894. =4.= _N. Mex. Sta. Bul._ =27=:124. 1898. =5.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 193. 1901.

Found wild in Caddo Parish, Louisiana, and introduced by G. W. Stones, Shreveport, Louisiana. It is favorably reported from the South but not generally recommended, although the American Pomological Society included it in their catalog of fruits in 1897. Tree low-branching, hardy and productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-oblong; suture shallow; cavity medium deep; skin thick, tough; bright red; flesh reddish-yellow, firm, sweet and juicy; poor; stone large, round, clinging; season early.

=Caldwell Golden Drop.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 902. 1869.

Caldwell’s Golden Drop 1.

Possibly an American strain of the Golden Drop. Fruit large, oval, sides often unequal; suture distinct; yellow marbled with crimson in the sun, with thin bloom; stem slender; cavity small; flesh yellow, juicy, sugary, rich; good; clingstone; early.

=Caldwell White Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 903. 1869.

Caldwell’s White Gage 1.

A productive variety of American origin. Fruit of medium size, oval, narrowing slightly at the apex; suture shallow; apex pointed; greenish-yellow, dotted with purple in the sun; bloom thick; stem long; flesh greenish-yellow, coarse, juicy, sugary; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=California.= Americana, =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 145. 1901.

_California Seedling_ 2. Cal. Seedling 1.

Fruit of medium size, slightly oblate; cavity medium deep, flaring; stem long; suture a line; bright red; dots many, minute; skin thick, tough; flesh yellow; good; stone roundish, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

=Cambell.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 903. 1869.

_Cambell’s Seedling_ 1. _McCauley’s Seedling_ 1.

Fruit large, oval; suture shallow; pale yellow, splashed with green, dotted and marbled with crimson in the sun; bloom light; cavity small; flesh pale yellow, coarse, juicy, sweet; good; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Campbell.= Species? =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =25=:49, 83. 1883.

A seedling found growing on a Mr. Campbell’s farm near Abingdon, Virginia. Very late and a long keeper.

=Canada Blue.= Domestica. =1.= Lutts _Cat._ 1890?

Mentioned as a “small, round, early, blue plum, very productive and excellent for preserving.”

=Canada Orleans.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 180. 1881. =2.= _Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 466. 1883. =3.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =131=:183. 1897.

_Canada Egg_ ?1. Canada Egg 2.

Probably originated in the vicinity of Hamilton, Ontario, where it is chiefly grown. Fruit medium to large, reddish-purple, with heavy bloom; flesh yellow, juicy, melting, sweet, rich; early.

=Canadian Apricot.= Nigra.

The common wild plum of Canada.

=Candelaria.= Domestica. =1.= Clarke _Prune Industry_ 41. 1893.

Candelaria Prune 1.

About 1881 W. B. Simpson discovered that a supposed Golden Drop tree on the farm of S. A. Clarke, Salem, Oregon, was not true to name. It seemed of value and was named Candelaria from the name of the farm. Fruit large, yellow; flesh solid, subacid; very good; has not been extensively propagated.

=Caper.= Triflora × Cerasifera? =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:221. 1899.

Grown between 1890 and 1895 by J. S. Breece, of North Carolina. Waugh states that the fruit and foliage suggest the species mentioned above. Fruit of medium size, oval; cavity shallow; dark red; dots many, minute; skin thick, tough; flesh firm, red, sprightly, subacid; fair in quality; stone large, turgid, clinging.

=Capitaine Kirchhof.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 424, 434. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 161, 353. 1895.

_Capitaine Kirckhof_ 1. _Capitaine Kirckkof_ 2. _Hauptmann Kirchhof’s Pflaume_ 1, 2. _Kirchhof’s Pflaume_ 1, 2. _Prune de Kirchhof_ 1.

Found by M. Oberdieck of Schaferhof on the estate of a Captain Kirchhof near Nienburg (Hanover). Tree productive; fruit of medium size, round, purplish-brown; bloom thick; flesh yellow, fine, juicy; sweet, aromatic; good; late.

=Captain.= Hortulana? =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =11=:283. 1898.

Columbia 1. _Columbia_ 2.

Introduced about 1892 by A. M. Ramsey and Son of Austin, Texas, under the name Columbia but changed by Waugh in 1898 to Captain to avoid confusion with an older Columbia. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size, spherical, bright golden-yellow; dots many, conspicuous, whitish; suture a line; skin thin, tough; flesh firm, yellow; good; stone small, clinging; late.

=Capt. Bacon.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

A seedling of Weaver grown by H. A. Terry. Tree vigorous; fruit large, red over yellow; flesh yellow, coarse, rich; freestone; a culinary variety.

=Capt. Watrous.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

A seedling of Harrison grown by H. A. Terry who plucked the first fruit in 1897. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, roundish, yellow overspread with bright red; good.

=Caro.= Americana mollis. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:29, 38. 1903.

A seedling of Wolf which originated at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada, in 1895. Fruit large, roundish; suture distinct; bright red, showing yellow in patches; dots numerous, yellow, distinct; bloom light; skin thick; flesh deep yellow, juicy, sweet, rich; good; mid-season.

=Caroline.= Americana? =1.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 412. 1899. =2.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:11. 1905.

A seedling grown by C. W. H. Heideman, New Ulm, Minnesota. Fruit of medium size, yellowish-red; good; season of Forest Garden; subject to plum-pocket and unproductive.

=Carpenter.= Species? =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:11. 1905.

A seedling from Vermilion, South Dakota.

=Carson.= Domestica.

According to a letter from G. B. Brackett of the United States Department of Agriculture, Carson is a strain of Lombard.

=Carstesen.= Nigra. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:29. 1903.

A seedling grown by H. P. Carstesen, Billings Bridge, Ontario. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity narrow; suture obscure; apex rounded; yellow, nearly covered with deep red; dots obscure; bloomless; skin thin, tender; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone flat, roundish, nearly free; early.

=Carver.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1896-1900. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 145. 1901.

Introduced by Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minnesota. Fruit small, roundish-oval; cavity shallow; stem slender; suture a line; red, sometimes mottled; dots many, small; skin tough; flesh yellow; quality fair; clingstone; late; unpromising.

=Catalano.= Domestica. =1.= Gallesio _Pom. Ital._ =2=: Pl. 1839.

Susino Catalano 1. _Prunus Catalanica_ 1. _Catalana-Susina_ 1. _Catelane_ 1.

This Italian variety is much larger than the Early Yellow, known also as the Catalonia. They may be related, however, for Gallesio says that there are many varieties from Catalonia which are similar in shape and taste. Fruit large, oblong, slightly necked; skin greenish and greasy; pulp green, soft, tender, juicy and pleasant.

=Catalana Propria.= Domestica. =1.= Gallesio _Pom. Ital._ =2=: Pl. 1839.

_Catalana Toscana_ 1.

A good strain of Catalano grown in Italy.

=Catelano Giallo.= Domestica. =1.= Gallesio _Pom. Ital._ =2=: Pl. 1839.

Buon-Boccone 1. Buon-Bocconi 1.

This variety is figured under the name Buon-Boccone and described under Catelano Giallo. As early as 1839 it was well known in parts of Italy and was then ranked next to the Reine Claude in quality. Fruit large, oval, dull yellow, tinged with red; pulp yellow, tender, sweet and highly flavored.

=Catelano Violaceo.= Domestica. =1.= Gallesio _Pom. Ital._ =2=: Pl. 1839.

Catelana Morella? 1. Susina Vecchietti 1. Susino Vecchietti 1.

Gallesio described this plum as a strain of the Catelano and adds that it is grown in abundance at Florence. Tree medium in size; fruit large, oval; suture distinct; violet; pulp yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet and highly flavored.

=Catherine.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:50. 1900.

Tree strong, moderately productive; fruit above medium size, egg-shaped; suture a line; cavity small; reddish-purple; bloom thin; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy, sweet; pleasant; good; stone large, clinging; mid-season.

=Cel.= Cerasifera × (Triflora × Simonii). =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:8. 1898.

Originated and named by Luther Burbank, who states that it is a cross between Myrobalan and Wickson. Fruit of medium size, egg-shaped; cavity rounded; suture indistinct; apex pointed; bright, transparent yellow; flavor resembling the Americanas; good; stone of medium size, clinging.

=Centennial.= Species? =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 308. 1884.

Originated in 1877 by George U. Oberholtzer, Sioux City, Iowa. Fruit of medium size; skin firm; good; ten days later than Miner.

=Centralia.= Domestica. =1.= Wild Bros. _Cat._ 1892? =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:50. 1900.

A vigorous variety from J. B. Webster of Centralia, Illinois.

=Cerney Perdrigon.= Domestica. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 69. 1699. =2.= Langley _Pomona_ 93, 97. 1729.

Cernay Perdrigon 2.

A variety long since obsolete. Fruit roundish, slightly flattened, red; good.

=Ceur de Beuf.= Domestica. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 69. 1699.

Mentioned by Quintinye in 1699 as a violet-red plum. Its relationship to Coeur de Boeuf is unknown.

=Chabot Blood.= Triflora × Simonii. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =106=:49. 1896.

Fruit of medium size, dull red or cinnabar; flesh firm, brick red, very juicy, sweet, aromatic; late.

=Champion.= Americana. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 392. 1891. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 145 fig. 1901.

A seedling of Hawkeye grown by H. A. Terry; first fruited in 1891. Fruit large, roundish; suture a line; red over yellow; dots many, conspicuous; skin firm; flesh yellow, firm; flavor not high; quality fair; stone large, oval, flattened, clinging; late.

=Chancellor Gage.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 147. 1831.

Fruit of medium size, round, yellow; quality fair; a table plum.

=Chapin.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 903. 1869.

Grown by Aaron Chapin, Hartford, Connecticut. Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, oval; suture shallow; stem long, slender; cavity deep; light reddish-purple; flesh yellow, juicy, vinous; good; semi-clinging; late.

=Chariot.= Species? =1.= Harrison _Cat._ 1897.

Probably misnamed.

=Charity Clark.= Munsoniana × _Prunus persica_. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:77. 1892.

Blackman 1.

For a history of this variety see Blackman.

=Charlotte.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 25. 1828. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:59. 1832.

Tomlinson’s Charlotte 1, 2. _Charlotte_ 2.

Prince says this is “a seedling of Yellow Egg raised by Judge Tomlinson.” Tree very vigorous; fruit shaped like its parent, yellow; flesh sweet with an agreeable flavor; early.

=Charmer.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit large, red, bitter; early.

=Chautauqua.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:38. 1903.

A variety grown on the Experimental Farm at Ottawa, Canada.

=Chauviere.= Domestica. =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 535. 1891.

Reine-Claude Chauviere 1. _Belle de Doue_ 1 incor.

Grown by M. Chauviere, a Frenchman, who had purchased it under the false name of Belle de Doue. Trees variable in productiveness; fruit roundish-oblate; suture shallow; skin changes from marbled greenish-yellow to dark red, dotted and stained with cinnabar-red; flesh yellowish-green, soft, juicy, honey-like, very agreeable; clingstone.

=Cheresoto.= _Prunus besseyi_ × Americana. _Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta._ 1910.

Cheresoto originated with N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station as a result of a cross of _Prunus besseyi_ with De Soto. After fruiting for one year it was introduced in 1910. Fruit small, oval; apex pointed; black; bloom heavy; flesh yellowish-green, sprightly; clingstone.

=Cherokee.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:78. 1892. 2. Waugh _Plum Cult._ 145. 1901.

Said to have been found wild in Kansas. Fruit medium in size, roundish-oblong; skin blotched red, thick; clingstone.

=Cherry.= Nigra. =1.= _N. J. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 186. 1885. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:264. 1900.

Found wild near Chaseburg, Vernon County, Wisconsin, in 1870 by E. Markle of LaCrosse, Wisconsin; introduced by the discoverer. Tree hardy, productive, an early bearer; fruit resembles that of De Soto except that it is larger and about twenty days earlier in ripening.

=Chester.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 547. 1901.

An unimportant seedling from the British Columbia Experiment Station not to be confused with the Chester of Forsyth. Tree vigorous, unproductive; fruit medium in size, obovate; cavity narrow, deep; suture shallow; reddish-pink with numerous golden dots; flesh firm, juicy, sprightly, slightly coarse; stone large, clinging; mid-season.

=Chester.= Domestica. =1.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 20. 1803.

Mentioned by Forsyth as very productive; fruit rich; season late.

=Chester County Prune.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 903. 1869.

From Chester County, Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous; branches slender; fruit of medium size, oval; suture faint; cavity small; stem long, slender; black with thick bloom; flesh greenish, sweet; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Chestnut.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831.

Fruit purple, oblong; size and quality medium; clingstone; a table plum.

=Chicrigland.= Species? =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:9. 1898. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:270. 1901.

Grown by T. V. Munson, from seed of a plum grown by F. T. Ramsey, Lampasas County, Texas. Tree vigorous; branches zigzag, drooping; fruit oval, small; cavity of medium depth, rounded; suture faint; dull red over yellow; surface a trifle fuzzy; dots many; bloom heavy; skin thin, tender, not astringent; flesh soft, yellow, mild acid, aromatic; quality fair; stone clinging.

=Chinook.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at the Experimental Farm, Indian Head, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit of medium size, red; early.

=Chippewa.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 85. 1890. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:37. 1892. =3.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =31=:346. 1895.

Chippeway 2.

A dwarf variety from Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, often bearing when only two feet in height. Fruit small, deep red; skin medium thick; flesh firm, sweet; stone free, small, pointed, rough; worthless.

=Choptank.= Munsoniana. =1.= Bailey _Ann. Hort._ 133. 1893. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 40. 1899. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =113=:154. 1899. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 184. 1901.

A seedling of Wild Goose grown by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland; introduced in 1893; listed in the American Pomological Society catalog of fruits in 1899. Tree vigorous, prolific and hardy; foliage large, ornamental; fruit above medium to large, variable in shape, roundish-oblong to oval; cavity shallow; stem long; suture distinct; skin thin, tough; bright red; dots numerous, light colored; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, rather acid but of good quality; stone medium in size, oval, flattened, clinging; medium early.

=Christian.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 209. 1676.

_Nutmeg_ 1, 2.

Shrubby in growth; fruit small, dark red; late; obsolete.

=Christie.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:264. 1900. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 145. 1901.

Taken from the woods by W. Christie, Villisca, Iowa, in 1887. Fruit round, truncate, medium in size; apex flattened; cavity wide; suture lacking; yellow, covered with red; bloom light; skin thick; flesh yellow, melting, flavor sweet, luscious; very good; stone circular, thick, semi-clinging.

=Churchill.= Domestica. =1.= _N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:611. 1893.

A seedling found by G. W. Churchill on the shores of Lake Cayuga. Fruit large, blue; quality poor; not valuable.

=Chypre.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:82. 1768. =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:37, Tab. 187 fig. 2. 1796. =3.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:96. 1832. =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 690. 1884.

Cyprian 3. Die Pflaume aus Cypern 2. _De Chypre_ 3. De Chypre 4. Prune de Chypre 1. _Prune de Chypre_ 2, 3.

Chypre is an old variety of unknown origin. Fruit of medium size, round; suture shallow; cavity large; purple; bloom thick; flesh firm, greenish, sweet when fully ripe; quality fair; stone clinging; early.

=Cinnamon.= Domestica. =1.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ 2. 1688.

An old and unimportant variety now obsolete.

=Cistena.= Prunus besseyi × Cerasifera. _Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta._ 1910.

Introduced in 1909 by the originator, N. E. Hansen of South Dakota Experiment Station. It shows the glossy, purple foliage of the Pissardi plum, one of its parents, and may be of some value as an ornamental.

=City.= Americana. =1.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 128. 1890. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:32. 1897. =3.= _Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt._ 144. 1901. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 146. 1901.

This variety came from the seed of a wild plum growing one-half mile from Springfield, Minnesota; introduced by H. Knudson in 1890. Tree upright when young but with a weeping tendency when older, vigorous, hardy and productive; fruit large, nearly round; cavity of medium width, deep; suture a distinct line; dark dull red over yellow; dots numerous, small, yellow, distinct; bloom heavy; skin thick, tough, slightly astringent; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet; good; stone of medium size, oval, flattened, semi-clinging; medium to late.

=Clara.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Am. Gard._ =14=:51. 1893. =2.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:482. 1894.

A large and attractive seedling of Wild Goose grown and introduced by G. Onderdonk, Texas.

=Clarendon.= Angustifolia watsoni. =1.= Bailey _Ev. Nat. Fruits_ 223. 1898.

One of several seedlings secured from northern Texas by F. T. Ramsey.

=Clark.= Species? =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:48. 1892. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 294. 1903.

A wild seedling found in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Tree moderately vigorous, not hardy in the North; fruit of medium size, roundish, bright red; dots numerous; stem short; cavity broad, deep; skin tough; flesh yellow, firm; inferior.

=Cleavinger.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt._ 274. 1854. =2.= Hoffy _N. Am. Pom._ 1860.

Originated about 1845 with a Mr. Fernsler of Philadelphia from the stone of an unnamed seedling; introduced by Wm. S. Cleavinger of West Philadelphia. Tree vigorous; fruit large, oval; suture distinct; dark purple; stem short, thick, surrounded by a fleshy ring; flesh deep yellow, coarse, juicy, vinous, slightly subacid; good; mid-season.

=Cleveland.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:49. 1897. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:50. 1900. =3.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

Mrs. Cleveland 1, 3.

A seedling of Wild Goose grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, in 1883. Tree vigorous, spreading and productive; fruit large, oblong, slightly pointed at the ends, light mottled red; good; clingstone; very early.

=Clifford.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:80. 1892. =2.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 184. 1901.

Mrs. Clifford 1, 3. _Mrs. Clifford_ 2.

A seedling of Wild Goose grown by Mrs. Clifford of Denison, Texas, and introduced by T. V. Munson and Son of the same place. Tree hardy, vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit large, pear-shaped, sometimes with a very distinct neck; suture shallow; bright scarlet with very small yellow dots; flesh yellow, firm, sweet, aromatic; good; clingstone; a little later than Wild Goose.

=Climax’s Brother.= Triflora × Simonii. =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =59=:655. 1900.

One of Burbank’s numerous crosses, having the same parents as Climax. The tree is an upright grower like Simon and the fruit resembles this parent in form and size; not as highly colored as Climax; unknown as yet by plum-growers.

=Clinton.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 162. 1881. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:55, 86. 1892. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 26. 1897. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 172. 1901.

Fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity shallow; stem slender; suture a line; dull red; dots numerous; bloom thin; flesh yellow; quality fair; clingstone; late. Mentioned in the American Pomological Society’s Catalog from 1897 to 1899.

=Cluck.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1895. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 38. 1899. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 194. 1901. =4.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =67=:273. 1904.

Originated with George Cluck, Austin, Texas; introduced in 1896 by F. T. Ramsey. Tree vigorous, productive; blooms very late; fruit of medium size, roundish-oblong; cavity shallow; bright red with many small, yellow dots; skin tough; flesh yellow, soft; quality fair; stone medium, oval, turgid, clinging; mid-season.

=Cluster.= Domestica. Mentioned in Ray _Hist. Plant._ =2=:1528. 1688.

=Cochet.= Domestica. =1.= Lucas _Vollst. Hand. Obst._ 471. 1894. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:50. 1900.

Cochets Pflaume 1. _Cochet Père_ 1.

Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, oval, yellow with reddish dots; suture medium; flesh yellowish, rich, sweet, pleasant; early.

=Coeur de Boeuf.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Div. of Pom. Bul._ =10=:19. 1901.

_Beef’s Heart_ 1. _Prunier de Carcassone._

Coeur de Boeuf originated in 1879 at Carcassonne, France, as a seedling of a variety introduced from the province of Lerida, Spain, in 1854. The following description was made from a tree under test on the grounds of this Station: Tree vigorous, hardy; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity medium in size and depth; stem slender; suture medium; dark brownish-red, covered with minute russet dots; bloom heavy; skin medium thick; flesh yellowish, meaty, juicy, sweet, rich; good to very good; stone small, oval, semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Coe Violet.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 905. 1869. =2.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 341. 1887. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 425. 1889.

_Coe à Fruit Violet_ 3. _Coe’s Golden Drop Violette_ 1, 3. Coe’s Violet 1, 3. _Coe’s Violette_ 2. _Coe Violette_ 3. _Goutte d’Or Violette_ 3.

A variation from Golden Drop. Tree vigorous; fruit large, oval; suture distinct; cavity small; stem long, thick; light reddish; dots brown, numerous; flesh yellowish, sweet, juicy; good; clingstone.

=Coferer.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 578. 1629.

_Coferers_ 1.

Parkinson describes this plum as, “Flat like a Peare Plum, early ripe and black, of a very good relish.”

=Coinage.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

Said by its originator, H. A. Terry, to be a seedling of Gold Coin. Fruit large, slightly oblong, pale yellow ground, nearly covered with dark red; flesh firm; clingstone.

=Coletta.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:60, 86. 1892. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 194. 1901. =3.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =67=:273. 1904.

This plum was grown by G. Onderdonk of Texas; introduced in 1874. Tree slow in growth, hardy, somewhat open and thorny; leaves small, foliage sparse; fruit medium in size, round, bright red; skin tough; flesh yellow, soft; poor; clingstone; very early.

=Coleus.= Triflora × Cerasifera? =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:10. 1898.

Originated with J. S. Breece, North Carolina. Tree ornamental, vigorous; leaves large, reddish, conspicuously veined; fruit small, globular; suture faint; dull deep red; dots faint; skin thick and tough; flesh medium firm, red; flavor flat; quality very poor; stone small, flattened, clinging.

=Colman.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:264. 1900. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

Collman 1.

H. A. Terry first fruited this variety in 1895. Tree upright, healthy, fairly productive; fruit large, round, brilliant red; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Colorado Queen.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 146. 1901. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:254, 255. 1905.

_Colorado_ 2.

Introduced by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland. Fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity lacking; suture a line; dull red with a light bloom; flesh light yellow; quality fair; stone of medium size; clinging; early.

=Combination.= Triflora ×? =1.= Burbank _Cat._ 1901.

Grown by Luther Burbank. Tree uniform in growth; fruit large, roundish; cavity deep; suture distinct; stem short; light crimson; flesh straw color, sweet with slight pineapple flavor; early.

=Comfort.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894, =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:265. 1900. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:29. 1903.

Introduced by J. Wragg & Sons, Waukon, Iowa, in 1879. Fruit small, roundish; cavity narrow, shallow; suture a line; apex rounded; red; dots numerous; bloom thin; skin thick, tough; flesh dark yellow, firm, juicy, sweet; good; stone semi-clinging; mid-season; mentioned in the Catalog of the American Pomological Society for 1899.

=Communia.= Domestica. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 87. 1890. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:265. 1900. =3.= _Kan. Sta. Bul._ =101=:117, 118, Pl. III fig. 119. 1901. =4.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 309. 1903.

Introduced from Denmark by a German colony located at Communia, Clayton County, Iowa. It resembles the Lombard so closely that they are often confused. The tree is said to be hardier and a slower grower than the Lombard, and its fruit of deeper blue and of higher quality. Subject to rot.

=Compass.= _Prunus besseyi_ × Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:10. 1898. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 294. 1903. =3.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:13. 1905.

Compass Cherry 1.

A hybrid widely known in the West which originated in 1891 under cultivation with H. Knudson of Springfield, Minnesota from a seed of _Prunus besseyi_ pollinated by Miner; introduced by C. W. Sampson, Eureka, Minnesota, in 1897. Tree vigorous, branches slender; fruit small, roundish-oval, slightly flattened; cavity distinct; suture a line; brownish-red, with light bloom; skin tough; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, tender, acid; quality fair; clingstone.

=Comptine.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 146. 1901.

Originated at Knoxville, Iowa. Tree low, spreading; fruit very small, round, light red; dots many, minute; flesh yellow; very poor; stone small, oval, clinging. One authority states that the color is yellow.

=Comte Gustave d’Egger.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 905. 1869. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 432. 1889.

_Comte Gustave d’Egger_ 2. _Egger’sche Eier Zwetsche_ 2. Graf Gustav von Egger 2.

An Austrian variety grown by M. Liegel of Braunau from seed of Abricotée. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit small, oblong-oval; suture broad, deep, distinct; skin pale yellow, bronzed in the sun and tinged with violet; flesh yellowish, fine, sweet, juicy, delicious; freestone.

=Consul.= Americana mollis. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:30. 1903.

A seedling of Wolf grown at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Fruit roundish, large; cavity narrow, medium in depth; suture a line; deep red; dots moderately numerous, yellow, distinct; bloom light; skin thick, tough; flesh deep yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone semi-clinging; late.

=Cooch.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Hort._ =21=:406. 1898.

A seedling grown by a Mr. Cooch of Ottawa, Canada, in 1889. Fruit large; halves unequal; suture distinct; cavity shallow; dark red; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, soft, sweet; good; late.

=Cook.= Cerasifera. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1900.

_Cook’s Early_ 1.

Fruit medium, roundish to oblong, red; clingstone; early.

=Cook Choice.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:78. 1892. =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 276. 1893. =3.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =129=:34. 1896.

Cook 3. Cook’s Choice 1. _Cook’s Favorite_ 3. The Cook’s Choice 2.

This is an accidental seedling grown by H. A. Terry of Iowa in 1885. Tree vigorous; fruit medium, round, red; skin thin; flesh yellow; good; stone clinging; mid-season; a good culinary variety.

=Cooper.= Hortulana mineri × Munsoniana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 10. 1900.

A cross between Forest Garden and Pottawattamie. It is reported by J. W. Kerr as being “a large, slightly oblong, red, clingstone variety, ripening mid-season.”

=Cooper.= Domestica. =1.= McMahon _Am. Gard. Cal._ 587. 1806. =2.= Coxe _Cult. Fr. Trees_ 236. 1817. =3.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:97. 1832. =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 291. 1845. =5.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 288, 302, 383. 1846. =6.= _Mag. Hort._ =14=:152. 1848. =7.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 417. 1854. =8.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 691. 1884. =9.= _Guide Prat._ 160, 357. 1895.

Cooper’s 6. Cooper’s Grosse Pflaume 9. _Cooper’s Grosse Rothe Zwetsche_ 9. Cooper’s Large 1, 4, 5, 8. _Cooper’s Large_ 3, 6, 9. _Cooper’s Large American_ 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9. Cooper’s Large Red 3. _Cooper’s Large Red_ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. _Cooper’s Large Red American_ 9. Coopers Plum 2. _Cooper’s Plum_ 3, 5. _Cooper’s Red_ 7. Grosse De Cooper 9. _Grosse rouge de Cooper_ 9. La Delicieuse 5. _La Delicieuse_ ?4, 8, 9. _Lady Lucy_ 8. _Red Magnum Bonum_ 6 incor. _Smith’s Orleans_ 6. _Violet Perdrigon_ 6 incor.

Cooper is said to have originated at the beginning of the Nineteenth Century from a seed of Orleans planted by Joseph Cooper of Gloucester County, New Jersey. The variety was imported into England about 1820 and became known in Europe under the name La Delicieuse which was corrupted into Lady Lucy. This variety is so similar to the Smith Orleans that it is impossible to separate them. They may be identical, or they may have come true to seed from the same parent.

=Cope.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt._ 274. 1854. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 906. 1869.

Cope’s Seedling 1.

A seedling raised by John Cope of Southwark, Philadelphia, some time prior to 1850. Fruit large, long-oval, dark purple; stem long, slender; flesh dry, somewhat acid; good for cooking; freestone.

=Cornemuse.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 145. 1831.

Fruit medium in size, purple, obovate; quality fair; freestone.

=Corymbus.= Species? =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:222, 1899. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 207. 1901.

_The Beauty_ 1.

A variety first called “The Beauty” by the originator, A. L. Bruce of Texas, who gives the parentage as Smelt Cherry × Abundance. Fruit small, heart-shaped; cavity shallow; suture shallow; apex pointed; dark wine-red; skin strong; flesh soft, yellow, rich, sweet; good; stone small, round, smooth, clinging.

=Cottrell.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:37. 1892. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 37. 1899. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 146. 1901. =4.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:30. 1903.

Cottrell was raised as a seedling by R. T. Cottrell, Dover, Olmstead County, Minnesota, and was introduced by O. M. Lord of the same state in 1888. Fruit large, roundish; suture a line; cavity narrow; apex rounded; skin thin, not adherent; mottled red over yellow; bloom medium; dots numerous, small; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone flattened, strongly and sharply margined, clinging; mid-season.

=Couler.= Americana? =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 235. 1882.

A variety from William Couler, Chickasaw County, Iowa; “a large plum of fair quality, but cracking badly before ripening; season just before Miner.”

=Coulommiers.= Domestica. =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 91. 1861. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 426. 1889.

Coulommiers Pflaume 2. _Prune de Coulommiers_ 2.

Mentioned without a description.

=Coulon Reine Claude.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 426. 1889.

Coulon’s Reine Claude 1. _Reine Claude Coulon_ 1.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity small; suture distinct; yellow; bloom thin; flesh yellowish, firm, sweet; good; early.

=Coul Orleans.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 150. 1831.

=Court Royal.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 145. 1831.

=Cowperthwait Green Gage.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 148. 1831.

=Cox.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 906. 1869.

Cox’s Seedling 1.

A seedling from a Mrs. Cox, York, Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous and upright; fruit very large, roundish-oval, slightly compressed; suture broad, shallow; yellow, sometimes splashed with green; cavity narrow, deep; flesh greenish-yellow, coarse, juicy, sweet; good; freestone; early.

=Crable.= Americana? =1.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 232. 1901.

A variety from Iowa. Fruit medium in size; obovate; cavity shallow; stem long, slender; suture a line; apex pointed; orange with crimson blush; dots many, minute, white; skin tough; flesh yellow; good; stone large, elliptical, slightly winged, clinging.

=Craig.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

_Prof. Craig_ 1.

A seedling of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa. Fruit large, bright yellow tinged with red; flesh yellow, rich; quality good; semi-clinging.

=Crescent.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 287. 1887. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 172. 1901.

Crescent City 1.

Originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, from seed of Miner about 1880; first fruited in 1885. Fruit of medium size, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; dull red; dots many; bloom thin; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone large, oval, clinging; mid-season.

=Crimson.= Nigra. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:266, 1900.

Introduced by H. Knudson, Springfield, Minnesota. Fruit above medium, light red; skin thin; good; stone long, large, flattish; very early.

=Crimson Beauty.= Hortulana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1897. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =11=:283. 1898.

Fruit of medium size, oblong, cherry red; clingstone; earlier and more vigorous than Golden Beauty.

=Crimson Drop.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Gard._ =22=:765. 1901. =2.= _Rural N. Y._ =61=:354. 1902.

Brown’s Crimson Drop 1, 2.

This variety is said to be a sport from Golden Drop, which it resembles closely except in color, which is a deep rich red.

=Croft Early.= Domestica. =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 425. 1854.

Croft’s Early 1.

Fruit small, reddish-blue; flesh yellow, dry; poor. Reported by Elliott as unworthy of further culture.

=Cruger Scarlet.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =1=:365. 1835. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 293. 1845. =3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 417. 1855. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 426. 1889.

_Cruger’s_ 2, 3. _Cruger’s Früh Pflaume_ 4. _Cruger’s Plum_ 4. Cruger’s Rote Pflaume 4. Cruger’s Scarlet 2, 3. _Cruger’s Scarlet_ 4. _Cruger’s Scarlet Gage_ 2, 3, 4. _Cruger’s Seedling_ 2, 3. Cruger’s Seedling 1, 4. _Kruger’s Seedling._

Raised by Henry Cruger, West Point, New York, from a seed of Washington. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval, compressed; suture obscure; red in the sun, lilac on the shaded side; bloom light; dots numerous, yellow; cavity shallow; stem short, stout; flesh deep orange, dry, mild, agreeable; good; nearly free; mid-season. Mentioned in the American Pomological Society Catalog from 1875 to 1897.

=Csaszar Sziloa.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =152=:209. 1898. =2.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =30=:18. 1905.

Imported from Hungary. Fruit large, roundish-ovate, compressed, dark purple; flesh tender, juicy, greenish-yellow, mild, vinous; quality fair; clingstone.

=Culberson.= Hortulana mineri × Hortulana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:223. 1899. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 208. 1901.

_Mammoth July_ 1, 2.

A cross between Miner and Crimson Beauty grown by A. L. Bruce, Basin Springs, Texas, and called Mammoth July, but renamed by Waugh in 1899. Fruit above medium, spherical or slightly pointed, dark red; dots numerous, yellow; skin thick, tough; flesh yellow; very good; stone small, round, flattened, clinging.

=Cumberland.= Hortulana. =1.= _Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 50. 1885. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:48, 86, 1892. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 26. 1897. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 178. 1901.

Cumberland originated with Philip Schley, who in 1864 collected pits from trees growing on the Cumberland Mountains in Tennessee and from them grew this plum. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit of medium size, oblong, bright yellow; dots conspicuous; skin thick; flesh firm, meaty; good; clingstone; season late; this variety is similar to Golden Beauty.

=Curlew.= Domestica. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =131=:183. 1897. =2.= Rivers _Cat._ 35. 1898.

Originated by Thomas Rivers at Sawbridgeworth, England. Tree very productive, not hardy in this vicinity; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval, purple; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet; firm; early.

=Curry.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:266. 1900. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 295. 1903.

A seedling grown by S. L. Curry, Welden, Iowa. Fruit large, oval, compressed; cavity deep; dark purplish-red; surface rough, dull; dots small, gray; bloom heavy; skin thick, not astringent; flesh yellow, firm, slightly astringent; good; stone large, flat, winged; early.

=Cyca Mono.= Triflora. =1.= _Va. Sta. Bul._ =129=:112. 1901.

Imported by the United States Department of Agriculture.

=Cyclone.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1899. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

Grown from seed of Harrison by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1897. Tree vigorous, spreading, fairly productive; fruit large, dark red; good; mid-season.

=Cydemarine.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 145. 1831.

=Daisy.= Munsoniana × Triflora. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:223. 1899. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 208. 1901.

A variety grown by J. S. Breece, North Carolina. Fruit large, heart-shaped; suture indistinct; bright red, with many minute yellow dots; flesh firm, yellow, sprightly; good.

=Dahlgreen.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:35. 1897. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 147. 1901.

A variety introduced by Chas. Luedloff, Cologne, Minnesota. Fruit medium in size, oblong, mottled red; mid-season.

=Dakota.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1900.

Fruit medium in size, round, mottled with dull purplish-red; clingstone; fruit cracks and is much injured by rot.

=Dalrymple.= Insititia. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 695. 1884. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 426. 1889. =3.= _Am. Gard._ =14=:146, 148 fig. 1892.

Dalrymple Damson 2.

Dalrymple closely resembles the Shropshire Damson but is hardier and the tree is smaller.

=Damas Ambre.= Domestica? Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 145. 1831.

=Damaschino Estivo.= Domestica. =1.= Gallesio _Pom. Ital._ =2=: Pl. 1839.

Damaschino d’Estate 1. Zuccherino 1.

According to Gallesio this is a strain of the Damaschino Settembrino and is common in parts of Italy. Flowers small and white, unfolding in clusters; fruit obovate like the Settembrino, but slightly larger and its skin, which is yellow, is more easily removed.

=Damaschino Settembrino.= Domestica. =1.= Gallesio _Pom. Ital._ =2=: Pl. 1839.

Susino Damaschino Settembrino 1.

An old Italian variety. Of the two plums which bear the name Damaschino this is the smaller and the more savory. Fruit small, obovate, golden-yellow; pulp fleshy and sugary.

=Damas de Diffenbach.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:165. 1873. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889.

_Damas de Dieffenbach_ 2. _Damas Noir de Dieffenbach_ 2. Dieffenbachs Damascene 2. _Dieffenbachs Schwarze Damascene_ 2. _Diffenbachs Damascene_ 1.

Liegel obtained this variety from a seed of the Saint Jean and dedicated it to Diffenbach, head gardener of the Botanical Garden in Vienna, Austria. Tree of medium vigor, small; fruit small, roundish-ovate; halves often unequal; suture shallow; purplish-black with a thick bloom; stem short; cavity shallow; flesh yellow, tender, juicy, sweet and slightly aromatic; freestone; mid-season.

=Damas de Provence.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:86. 1832. =2.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 258. 1832. =3.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =1=:1846. =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 357. 1866. =5.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 939. 1869. =6.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 443. 1889.

_Damas de Provence_ 5, 6. _Damas de Provence hâtif_ 1, 4, 5, 6. _Damask of Provence_ 2. _Early Damask of Provence_ 1, 5, 6. _Provence Damask_ 1, 6. Provence Damask 5. Provencer Königspflaume 6. Prune Damas de Provence 3. _Prunus provincialis_ 3.

Damas de Provence is an old European variety; fruit of medium size, roundish; suture deep; cavity small; reddish-purple; bloom thick; flesh greenish, sweet; quality poor; freestone; very early.

=Damas d’Ete.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:113. 1873. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 353. 1895.

_Summer Damson_ 1, 2.

Mas thought this variety was of English or American origin but there seems to be no reason for this conclusion. Tree small, very productive; fruit small, oval, purplish-black; flesh greenish, fine, juicy, sweet, highly flavored; clingstone; early.

=Damas Dronet.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:75. 1768. =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:40, Tab. 191 fig. 2. 1796. =3.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:86. 1832. =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 910. 1869. =5.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 693. 1884.

_Damas Dronet_ 2, 4. _Damson Dronet_ 1. Die kleine langlichte Damaskuspflaume 1. Dronet Damask 3.

Damas Dronet is an old French variety. Fruit small, oval; suture a line; stem slender; cavity narrow, deep; greenish-yellow; bloom thin; skin not adherent; flesh greenish, firm, sweet; good; stone small, free; mid-season.

=Damas Dronet de Merlet.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:75. 1768.

Duhamel states that this is distinct from the Damas Dronet described by him on the same page.

=Damas Jaune Musque.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:57. 1873.

_Muskirte Gelbe Damascene_ 1.

A foreign variety first mentioned by Christ, a German writer. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size, usually ovoid; suture shallow or a mere line; skin tender, not adherent, yellow, with a thin bloom; stem long, slender; cavity shallow; flesh yellow, tender, firm, juicy, sweet, of musky flavor; freestone; very early.

=Damas Noir de Tours.= Domestica. =1.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803.

Mentioned by Forsyth in the preceding reference. It may be the same as Précoce de Tours, but we have no proof.

=Damas Rouge de Biondeck.= Domestica. =1.= Baltet _Cult. Fr._ 490. 1908.

Mentioned by a French writer as early and good.

=Damas Rouge Hatif.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 448. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 354. 1895.

_Damas Rouge Hâtif_ 1. _Haferkrieche_ 1, 2. Rote Früh Damascene 1. _Rothe Früh Damascene_ 2.

A variety of little merit.

=Damatie Rouge.= Domestica. Listed in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 145. 1831.

=Damson Royal.= Insititia. =1.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 282. 1846.

Described in the preceding reference as similar to “Prune Damson,” but larger.

=Damas Violet.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:70. 1768. =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:44, Tab. 199 fig. 1. 1796. =3.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 68. 1699. =4.= Willich _Dom. Enc._ 180. 1803. =5.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:163. 1843. =6.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =1=:1846. =7.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 729. 1884.

_Damas Violet_ 2, 4, 7. Damas Violet Tardif ?5. Die veilchenfarbige Damascenerpflaume 2. Ladies’ Plum 4. _Long Violet Damask_ 3. Prune Gros-Damas Violet 6. Violet Damask 7.

An old variety of unknown origin concerning which there has been much confusion. Parkinson, in 1629, and a few later writers have made it synonymous to Queen Mother, but it differs from this variety in that Damas Violet has pubescent shoots and oval fruit, while the Queen Mother has glabrous shoots and round fruit. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, purple; flesh yellow, firm, sweet and briskly flavored, separates from the stone; season early.

=Damson Riley.= Insititia. =1.= Stark _Cat._ 29. 1910.

A variety from Ohio said to have been grown for about twenty years. Introduced by Stark Brothers, Louisiana, Missouri, in 1910.

=Dana Yellow Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 275. 1845. =2.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book._ 215. 1849. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:109. 1873.

Dana’s Gage 2. _Dana’s Yellow Gage_ 3. Reine-Claude Jaune De Dana 3.

Dana Yellow Gage was raised by a Rev. Mr. Dana of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Fruit of medium size, oval, pale yellow; bloom thin; flesh sweet, juicy, clingstone; mid-season.

=Daniel Weeping.= Species? =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:10. 1898.

A hybrid which originated with a Dr. Daniel in Louisiana; introduced by J. L. Normand. Tree bushy, spreading and drooping; leaves thick and tough, ovate, acutely pointed, glandular.

=Danish Damson.= Insititia. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 25. 1897. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:266. 1900. =3.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 310. 1903. =4.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:15 1905.

Kreger 1. _Kreger_ 2. _Krueger_ 3.

H. Knudson, Springfield, Minnesota, imported this variety in the spring of 1884 and introduced it a few years later. It seems to be grown only in Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota and adjoining states, being practically unknown in the East. Fruit small, roundish, dark blue; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Darst.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =11=:112. 1845.

A seedling originated at Dayton, Ohio, in the garden of a Mr. Darst. Fruit medium in size, of excellent quality.

=Date.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 575, 576. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 208. 1676. =3.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 68, 69. 1699. =4.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:113. 1768. =5.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 908. 1869. =6.= Koch _Deut. Obst._ 560. 1876.

Date Plum 5. Dattelpflaumen 6. _Dattelzwetsche_ 5. _D’Autriche_ 5. Great Date 3. _Ienua_ 1. Prune Datte 4. _Prune Datte_ 5. _Prune d’Autriche_ 5. _Quetsche Datte_ 5. _Quetsche de Hongrie_ 5. White Date 2. White Date Plum 1. Yellow Date 2.

During the four centuries in which this variety has been cultivated in Europe numerous strains have arisen which have been designated by the general term Dattelpflaumen. The group is characterized by roundish or oval fruits, yellow or greenish in color, sometimes marked with red on the sunny side; flesh yellow, soft; poor in quality; clingstone; mid-season or later. The original variety is probably obsolete.

=Datilles.= Domestica. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 68, 70. 1699.

Little Date 1. _Little Date_ 1.

A long-shaped red plum, mentioned by Quintinye, which has either disappeared or is now grown under a different name.

=Datte Hongroise Jaune.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 159, 354. 1895.

This variety was sent into France by M. Bereczki Mate, of Hungary. The tree is vigorous, productive; fruit large, long, greenish-yellow dotted with red; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy; good; mid-season.

=Dauphine.= Domestica. =1.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =1=:1846.

Prune Dauphine 1.

Poiteau says, “Duhamel regarded as synonyms the names Reine Claude and Dauphine. Since then a new plum has been shown, and I know not who named it Dauphine; but it is under this name that it has been introduced and cultivated in the nursery of the Jardin des Plantes and of Luxembourg.”

=Davenport.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:268. 1900. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 295. 1903.

A seedling grown by N. K. Fluke, Davenport, Iowa, from seed of De Soto. Fruit medium in size, oval, sometimes conical; suture a line; skin smooth, clear yellow with pink blush on the sunny side; flesh yellow, firm, sugary; very good; freestone.

=Davies Seedling.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 146. 1831.

Davies’ Seedling.

=Davis.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:35. 1897. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

A variety grown from seed of Wild Goose in 1885 by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa. Tree low, spreading, vigorous and productive; fruit large, bright red; quality fair.

=Dawson.= Species? =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =17=:144. 1875.

At one time a profitable variety grown on the banks of the Ohio.

=Dawson City.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit of medium size.

=Dean.= Domestica. =1.= McIntosh _Bk. Gard._ =2=:530. 1855.

Dean’s Jedburgh Seedling 1.

A seedling grown at Dean’s nursery, Jedburgh, England. Fruit of medium size, round, purple; freestone; adapted for dessert or kitchen; mid-season.

=Deaton.= Domestica. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:268. 1900. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 310. 1903.

_Tobe’s Gage_ 2.

Grown from a sprout of Reine Claude planted near Des Moines; introduced by J. Wragg & Sons, Waukee, Iowa. Fruit medium in size, oval, truncate; suture broad and shallow; skin greenish-yellow; dots small, numerous; bloom thin; flesh greenish, firm, juicy; good; clingstone.

=Deck.= Insititia. =1.= Wild Bros. _Cat._ 1908-09.

Decks Damson 1.

An improved strain of Damson introduced by Wild Brothers, Sarcoxie, Missouri.

=Decker.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 401. 1896. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 172. 1901.

Decker’s Late Seedling 1. _Decker’s Seedling_ 2.

A seedling raised about 1885 by H. C. Decker of Dresbach, Minnesota, from pits of a variety substituted for German Prune; introduced by W. S. Widmoyer of the same place about 1897. Fruit medium to large, conical; suture distinct; red; dots many, yellowish; flesh yellow; flavor rich; nearly free; mid-season.

=Deep Creek.= Americana. =1.= _Mich. Board Agr. Rpt._ 111. 1887. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:37, 86. 1892. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:254, 255. 1905.

Deepcreek 3.

Found growing wild in Kansas; introduced by Abner Allen. Tree slow and irregular in growth; branches thorny; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval, compressed; suture distinct; cavity small; stem short; dull red; skin thick; flesh yellow, firm, sweet; good; stone rough, pointed, free; mid-season; of little value.

=De Delice.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 360. 1857. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:55. 1900.

_Prune de Délices_ 2.

Tree vigorous and productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture small; green, marbled and shaded with violet; bloom thin; flesh orange yellow, juicy, sugary, luscious; slightly clinging; late.

=Defresne.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 158, 354. 1895.

A Belgian variety both vigorous and productive; fruit large, long, purplish; flesh greenish; good; mid-season.

=De Gondin.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:91. 1873.

Grown by M. Vaubernier of Laval, Mayenne, and introduced in 1862 by M. M. Bruant & Company, nurserymen at Poiters, France. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit very large, roundish; suture disappearing at maturity; dark purple; bloom thin; flesh yellow, tender, juicy; freestone.

=De la Toussaint.= Species? =1.= _Guide Prat._ 162, 354. 1895.

A very late and long keeping variety.

=Delaware.= Triflora. =1.= Burbank _Cat._ 18. 1893. =2.= _Rural N. Y._ =59=:642. 1900. =3.= _Ibid._ =60=:694. 1901. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 134. 1901.

Burbank produced this variety by crossing Satsuma with Kelsey; first offered for sale in 1893; disseminated in the East by J. L. Childs, Floral Park, New York. Tree semi-dwarf, productive but comes into bearing late; fruit of medium size, roundish-conical, dark purple, with thick bloom; flesh red, juicy, sweet and rich; good; stone clinging; mid-season.

=De l’Inde.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =6=:561. 1851.

Described by Baptiste Desportes of Angers, France, in 1851. Tree vigorous; branches long, upright; fruit large, obovate, violet-reddish; dots gray and blue; flesh reddish-yellow, firm, juicy, melting; quality fair.

=De Montfort.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort_. =12=:341. 1846. =2.= _Pom. France_ =2=: No. 3. 1871. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 713. 1884. =4.= Lucas _Vollst. Hand. Obst._ 470. 1894.

_Montfort Pflaume_ 4. Prune de Montfort 2.

Originated in the nurseries of Madame Ebert, Montfortin, France; named and introduced by M. Prevost, Rouen, France. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture distinct; cavity shallow; dark purple, with russet dots; flesh green, juicy, sweet, rich; good; freestone; mid-season. Mentioned in the American Pomological Society’s Catalog from 1877-1897.

=De Montmirail.= Domestica? =1.= _Guide Prat._ 158, 354. 1895.

Tree of moderate vigor, productive; fruit medium in size, long-oval; yellow lightly blushed with red; flesh yellow; good; early.

=Denbigh.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 147. 1831. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 357. 1866. =3.= Gaucher _Pom. Prak. Obst._ No. 92. 1894. =4.= Bartrum _Pears and Plums_, 65, 71. 1903.

_Cox’s Emperor_ 2, 3. Cox’s Emperor 4. _Denbigk_ 3. _Denbigh-Pflaume_ 3. _Denbigh Seedling_ 4. Emperor 1. _Jemmy Moore_ 4.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish-oval, bright red to reddish-brown; flesh golden-yellow, sweet, melting, pleasant flavor; freestone; mid-season.

=Dennis.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:79. 1892. =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 276. 1893. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 147. 1901.

Dr. Dennis 1, 2. _Dr. Dennis_ 3.

Originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, supposedly from seed of Hawkeye; first fruited in 1891. Fruit round to slightly oblong, medium in size; suture a line; bright red; dots many, minute, white; flesh yellow; good; clingstone; early.

=Dennis Seedling No. 13.= Hortulana mineri.

Grown at the Iowa Experiment Station. The fruit is of medium size, roundish, dark red; dots conspicuous; suture a line; skin thick, tough; flesh firm, juicy, tender, sweetish; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Denniston Red.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 296. 1845. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:532. 1847. =3.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 337. 1849. =4.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:133. 1866-73. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889.

Denniston’s Red 1. _Denniston’s Red_ 5. _Dennison’s Red_ 5. Denniston’s Rote Pflaume 5. _Rouge de Denniston_ 4, 5.

Grown by Isaac Denniston of Albany, New York. The parentage is not known but Thomas thinks it is a seedling of Lombard. Fruit large, roundish-oval; suture distinct; cavity small; light red with yellow dots; bloom thin; flesh amber, juicy, rich, sprightly; good; stone small, oval, compressed, free; mid-season.

=Denniston Superb.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 275. 1845. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:121. 1866-73. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889. =4.= Bartrum _Pears and Plums_ 63. 1903.

_Dennison’s Superb_ 3. _Denniston’s Superb_ 2. Denniston’s Superb Gage 4. _Madison_ 3. Superbe de Denniston 2, 3.

Grown by Isaac Denniston, Albany, New York, about 1835 or 1840. Fruit round, larger than Reine Claude of which it is probably a seedling, slightly flattened; suture distinct; cavity shallow; stem of medium length; pale yellow, blotched with red; bloom thin; flesh thick, meaty, moderately juicy, with a rich, vinous flavor; very good; stone small, roundish, thick, free; mid-season; catalogued by the American Pomological Society from 1877 to 1899.

=D’Ente Imperiale.= Domestica. =1.= _Guide Prat._ 160, 355. 1895.

A variety closely resembling the Agen except that it is more vigorous in tree growth.