Chapter IV: The Minor Varieties of Plums (9)

John W. Trinkle of Madison, Indiana, grew this plum from seed of Burbank about 1897. Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit large; suture medium; apex small; cavity large, regular, deep; yellowish; dots small, yellow; skin thick, tenacious, bitter; flesh yellowish, slightly translucent, meaty, moderately juicy, mild subacid; good to very good; mid-season.

=Trostle.= Species? =1.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 234. 1901.

Known only in the vicinity of Kingsley, Iowa. Fruit dark red.

=Trouvée de Vouêche.= Species? =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 398. 1857. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 451. 1889.

_Trouvée de Vaunêge_ 2. Trouvée de Vonêche 2.

Found wild by Gregoire (probably of Belgium) and introduced by him. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit medium to small, oval, regular, reddish-violet with a darker cheek; bloom violet; flesh juicy, sweet; very good; mid-season.

=Truro.= Americana × Hortulana mineri. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 47. 1895. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 164. 1901.

From Ezra W. Tucker, Williamsfield, Illinois, about 1895. A seedling of Weaver crossed with Miner. Tree upright, hardy; fruit large, oblong; suture shallow; cavity small, shallow; red with many, small, russet dots; flesh yellowish with yellow veins, tender, melting, juicy, mild subacid; very good; stone medium, oval, clinging; late.

=Tucker.= Species? =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 26. 1894.

Another seedling from Ezra W. Tucker; said to be grown from seed taken from a cluster of trees containing Weaver, Miner, Wild Goose and two prune trees; first fruited in 1894. Tree resembles Wild Goose; fruit medium to large, pyriform, greenish-yellow, overspread with light purplish-red; dots many, small; skin thick, tender, almost sweet; very good; stone large, angular, clinging; mid-season.

=Tudor.= Munsoniana? =1.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:481. 1894.

Tested at the Texas Experiment Station. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit above medium size, oblong, light red; skin very thin; flesh acid unless fully ripe.

=Turkey.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576, 577. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 208. 1676. =3.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ =2=:1529. 1688. =4.= Langley _Pomona_ 95, 97, Pl. XXV fig. V. 1729. =5.= Abercrombie _Gard. Ass’t_ 13. 1786.

Turkie =1.= Turky =2.= Turkey Plumb 4.

From the brief descriptions of the Seventeenth Century writers, it appears that Turkey was a large blue plum of the German Prune type but the variety has either long since been buried under the hosts of new sorts that have been developed or a new name has been given it.

=Turkish Prune.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 152. 1831. =2.= R. G. Chase _Cat._ =3.= Rice Bros. _Cat._ 1908.

_Quetsche Turkish_ 1.

The name “Turkish Prune,” although sometimes applied to the Italian Prune does not seem to be connected with any particular variety. It may be a synonym of the “Jerusalem Prune” or it may have developed, as a corruption of the still older “Turkey” plum mentioned by Parkinson and other writers in the Seventeenth Century.

=Twice Bearing.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:113. 1768. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:103. 1832. =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831. =4.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =1=:1846. =5.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:79. 1866-73. =6.= Nicholson _Dict. Gard._ =3=:235. =7.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 455. 1889.

_Bifere_ 2, 7. Bifere 5. _Bon deux fois l’an?_ 2. _Bonne deux fois l’an_ 3. _De Deux Saison_ 5. _Deux fois l’an_ 2. _P. biferum_ 6. _Prune bifere =2.= Prune de Deux Saisons_ 2, 7. _Prune qui fructifie deux fois l’an_ 5, 7. _Prunier bifere_ 4. _Prunier Fleurissant et Poussant Deux Fois_ 5, 7. _Prunier qui fructifie deux fois par an_ 1, 2. Prunus bifera 1. _Zweimal Blühende und Zweimal Tragende Bunte Pflaume_ 5, 7. Zweimal Tragende 7.

A Domestica of ancient origin grown more as a curiosity and an ornamental than for utility. Fruit long, almost olive-form; suture faint; skin reddish-yellow, heavily tinged with brown; bloom heavy; flesh coarse, yellow, green beneath the suture, juice insipid; stone almost smooth, acutely pointed, clinging. The first crop is borne the beginning of August; the second very late; both worthless.

=Twins.= Domestica. =1.= _Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 55. 1878.

_Corse’s Twins_ 1.

A curious double plum which originated with Henry Corse, Montreal, Canada; inferior.

=Tzaueron.= Insititia? =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 357. 1891.

Le Prunier Tzaneron 1. _Tzaneron_ 1.

Very generally grown throughout southeastern Europe. Tree below medium size; branches upright; leaves small; glabrous, oval, deep green in color; fruit grows in clusters, small, pale yellow; flesh firm, juicy, sprightly, refreshing. This variety is an important commercial sort in the country where it is grown.

=Ulysses.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 950. 1869.

From western New York; fruit above medium size, roundish-oval, whitish, shaded and mottled with violet-purple; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Uncle Ben.= Domestica? =1.= _Gard. and For._ =7=:243. 1894. =2.= Kansas “_The Plum_” 29. 1900.

Originated in Stanislaus County, Napa Valley, California; fruit medium to large, golden-yellow, spotted with red; flesh sweet, juicy, very good; freestone; late.

=Ungarische Dattel Zwetsche.= Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 451. 1889.

_Ungarische Späte Bouteillen Zwetsche._

=Union.= Domestica. =1.= _Cultivator_ =6=:269 fig. 1895. =2.= _Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt._ 120. 1898. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =113=:161. 1899. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 124. 1901.

Reagles’ Union Purple 1. Union Purple 2, 3. _Union Purple_ 4.

Union originated about 1850 with C. Reagles of Schenectady, New York. Tree hardy, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval, dark purple; bloom thick; stem adheres strongly to the fruit; flesh dark yellow, firm, tender, sweet, mild; quality fair; stone oval, turgid, clinging; mid-season.

=Uryany.= Domestica.

Introduced from Ammassia, Turkey, by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1904 and sent to this Station for testing. Tree vigorous, upright with a dense top; fruit variable in size, roundish to roundish-ovate; suture a line; cavity narrow, deep, abrupt; stem rather thick, short; dark purple; dots numerous, very small, yellowish; bloom heavy; skin thin, tough, astringent; flesh yellow, tender, very juicy, sweet, pleasant; good; stone of medium size, somewhat flattened, clinging; season late.

=U. S.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 6. 1900. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 165. 1901. =3.= _Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 109. 1903.

_Brittlewood No._ 2 3. _United States_ 3.

Originated by Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, spherical, dark purplish-red; flesh a trifle coarse; good; clingstone; medium to late.

=Valence.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:163. 1843. =2.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 145, 153. 1831.

Damas de Valence 1, 2. _Saint Loo_ 2.

Fruit small, roundish, purple; clingstone; late.

=Valentia.= Domestica. =1.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803.

Mentioned as a plum of value by Forsyth.

=Valienciennes.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 451. 1889.

_Die Valienciennes._ _Edle Königs Pflaume._

=Value.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 6. 1902-3. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:39. 1903.

Originated by Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska; introduced in 1902 by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland. Tree vigorous, healthy and productive; fruit large, round or sometimes inclined to oblong, dark red; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Van Benschoten.= Domestica.

Van Benschoten was introduced by a Mr. Snyder of Kingston, New York. Fruit of medium size, roundish, greenish-yellow with russet spots; good; stone small, free.

=Van Buren.= Americana mollis. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 286. 1887. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:42. 1892. =3.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:46, Pl. XV. 1898. =4.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:32. 1903.

Van Buren came from a wild seedling in Van Buren County, Iowa; introduced by J. Thacher. Tree spreading, moderately productive and slow growing; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity small; suture a line; skin thick; red over yellow; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, firm, sweet; quality good; clingstone; season late.

=Van Deman.= Americana. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 392. 1891. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 88. 1895. =3.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 165. 1901.

Van Dieman 2.

Van Deman is a seedling of Hawkeye grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1891. Fruit large, oval; cavity small; suture a line; skin thick; dark red; bloom thick; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone oval, flattened, clinging; season late.

=Van Houten.= Species? =1.= Terry _Cat._ 5. 1900.

A plum of unknown parentage from H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1895; dwarfish; productive; fruit very large, round, bright red; mid-season.

=Venetianische Zweimal Tragende.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 452. 1889.

_La Bonne Deux Fois L’An._ _La Venitienne_.

=Venus.= Munsoniana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 8. 1900.

From H. A. Terry; of unknown parentage. Tree upright, productive; fruit very large, yellow overspread with light pinkish-red becoming darker red; dots numerous, white; flesh yellow, very sweet and rich; good; clingstone; early.

=Verdacchio.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 208. 1676. =3.= Gallesio _Pom. Ital._ =2=: fig. 1839.

Verdock 1, 2.

An old Italian variety. A few of the modern writers hold it to be the Reine Claude but according to Gallesio, it is a distinct plum. Fruit medium in size, obovate, greenish; flesh crisp, sweet, agreeable; very good.

=Verdache.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 451. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 161, 366. 1895.

Tree very productive; fruit small, oval, yellowish olive-green with flesh the same color, sweet; late; said to be excellent for making prunes or for cooking.

=Vermilion.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:44. 1897. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 165. 1901.

Le Duc Vermillion 1, 2. _Le Duc Vermillion_ 3.

Grown for some years by J. W. Kerr, but dropped in 1901. Fruit medium in size, roundish-oblong, bright red; flesh yellow, very good; clingstone; late.

=Vermilon Hâtif.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 452. 1889.

=Vesuvius.= Cerasifera ×? =1.= _Fancher Creek Nur. Cat._ 1907-8. =2.= _Ibid._ 1909.

_Foliage Plum_ 1, 2.

Grown by Luther Burbank from a cross between Pissardi and some native or Triflora sort; introduced by the Fancher Creek Nurseries in 1907. Tree vigorous, elm-like in habit of growth, not productive; fruit small, roundish, purplish-red; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone small; valuable only as an ornamental.

=Vick.= Munsoniana × Americana? =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 287. 1887. =2.= _Ibid._ 276. 1893. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:14. 1901.

James Vick 1, 2, 3.

Supposed to be a seedling of Wild Goose crossed with some Americana; originated by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, about 1880. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; dots numerous; suture distinct; bright red; bloom light; flesh yellowish-green, tender; quality fair; stone small, clinging; mid-season.

=Victor.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit of medium size; mid-season.

=Victoria.= Species? Letter from Kerr.

Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska; fruit large, firm; poor.

=Violet.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 578. 1629. =2.= Langley _Pomona_ 92, fig. VII. 1729. =3.= _Garden_ =50=:223. 1897. =4.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =27=:16. 1904.

_Early Violet_ 3. Violette 4. Violet Plumb 2.

This variety is possibly the same as Précoce de Tours but we are unable to identify it positively with this or any other known variety. The “Violette” mentioned in the fourth reference above may not be identical with the Violet of the older writers but it seems to be similar. According to Parkinson the Violet is “a small and long blackish blew plum, ripe about Bartholomew tide, a very good dry eating plum.”

=Victor Sand Cherry.= (_Prunus besseyi_ × Munsoniana) × Domestica. =1.= _Am. Br. Assoc. Rpt._ =2=:184. 1906.

Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska pollinated _Prunus besseyi_ with Wild Goose and the resulting seedling was fertilized with pollen from Quackenboss. This final cross resulted in the variety under discussion. Fruit nearly two inches in diameter; apparently of value.

=Violet Imperial.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =4=:196. 1849.

_Die Violette Kaiserpflaume_ 1. _Impériale Violette_ 1.

Violet Imperial is usually considered the same as Red Magnum Bonum but Liegel describes it as distinct in that its leaves are shorter, its fruit smaller, darker and ripening period three or four weeks later.

=Violet Royal.= Domestica. Mentioned in Miller _Gard. Kal._ 155. 1734.

=Violette Americaine.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 452. 1889.

Mathieu found reference in Revue Horticole 351. 1869.

=Virgata.= Species? =1.= _Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 51. 1889.

A tender shrub of value only as an ornamental. Flowers semi-double, rose colored; fruit of medium size, oblong, yellow; flesh yellow, juicy, subacid; quality fair; clingstone; very early.

=Virgie.= Hortulana mineri × Hortulana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:229. 1899.

Originated with A. L. Bruce of Texas; a cross between Miner and Crimson Beauty. Fruit medium, nearly round; suture a line; cavity very shallow; deep crimson with many yellow dots; flesh yellow; good; stone small, round, slightly flattened, clinging.

=Virginia Damson.= Insititia. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 151. 1891.

Mentioned in the preceding reference as doing well in Virginia.

=Von Berlepsch Zwetsche.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

_Berlepsch’s Violette Zwetsche._

=Von Bose Rote Zwetsche.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

=Von Lade Späte Mirabelle.= Insititia. Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

=Von Moro Reine Claude.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

Mathieu’s reference taken from _Pomologische Monatshefte_ 1. 1878.

=Voslauer Zwetsche.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu =Nom. Pom.= 453. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 367. 1895.

Similar to the Italian Prune.

=Vulcan.= Triflora ×? =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:229. 1899.

A hybrid grown by Luther Burbank; much like Wickson. Fruit very large, oval, with sides unequal; cavity large, abrupt; stem short, very stout; suture deep at the top; purple with darker shades; dots numerous, yellow; flesh red next the skin, sweet and pleasant; excellent; stone large, elliptical, slightly flattened, clinging.

=Wabash.= Species? =1.= _Ind. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 72. 1868.

Noted as a native variety grown in Gibson and Posey Counties, Indiana. Tree low and shrubby, bearing early; fruit large, conical.

=Wady.= Species? =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 286. 1887. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:80. 1892. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:62. 1897.

_Wady’s Early_ 1, 2, 3.

Reported as of little value except for early ripening and productiveness; fruit small; good for canning.

=Wagner.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:291. 1900.

Wagner No. 9 1.

A seedling of Weaver fertilized with a wild variety; grown by J. F. Wagner, Bennett, Iowa, in 1894. Fruit small, ovate; cavity broad, shallow; suture clearly defined; yellowish-red; bloom thin; flesh brownish-yellow, sugary, sweet; quality best; stone large, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

=Wahre Frühzwetsche.= Domestica. =1.= Lucas _Vollst. Hand. Obst._ 473. 1894. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

_August Zwetsche_ 2. _Couetsche Précoce_ 2. _Couetsche Précoce La Vraie_ 2. _Diel’s August Zwetsche_ 2. _Frühe Gemeine Zwetsche_ 2. _Frühe Haus Zwetsche_ 2. _Frühe Zwetsche_ 2. _Précoce Veritable_ 2.

Tree large, a quick grower; fruit medium, oval, dark blue; stone completely free; valuable for dessert and drying.

=Wahre Weisse Diaprée.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

_Dorell’s Neue Weisse Diaprée._

=Wakapa.= Triflora × Americana. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ 108. 1908.

A hybrid between De Soto and Red June reported by Hansen, the originator, in the preceding reference as worthy of further testing.

=Walker Seedling.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Hort._ =21=:390. 1898.

A seedling raised by A. W. Walker, Clarksburg, Ontario. Fruit of medium size, dark maroon; flesh greenish, tender, moderately juicy, sweet, pleasant; freestone; early.

=Wallace.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

A seedling of Harrison grown by H. A. Terry; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Tree healthy, vigorous and productive; fruit large, inclined to oblong, bright yellow overspread with red; flesh firm; good; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Walter.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 431. 1881.

Produced by Herr Walter in Altenburg, Germany; valuable for table and market purposes. Tree vigorous; shoots glabrous; fruit roundish-oval, medium; suture deep; halves usually equal; stem thick, straight, strongly hairy; skin not adherent, dark brown; bloom thick; flesh yellow, tender, very juicy; like Reine Claude in flavor; early.

=Walther Pflaume.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

The reference by Mathieu came from _Monatsschrift für Pomologie_ 281. 1858.

=Ward October Red.= Rivularis ×? =1.= Munson _Cat._ 10. 1902-3.

Found in Clay County, Texas, by Robert Ward; introduced by T. V. Munson, Denison, Texas. Tree very vigorous and hardy, spreading habit, very productive; fruit dark bright red with meaty flesh; excellent quality; stone small; ripens in Texas in September and October.

=Warner.= Domestica. =1.= _W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ =31=:60. 1886. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =131=:193. 1897.

Warner’s Late 1. Warner’s Late Red 2.

Warner originated in Schoharie County, New York, and was introduced by S. D. Willard, Geneva, New York. It is a late variety too small and unattractive for commercial purposes. Fruit below medium in size, roundish; cavity shallow; suture a line; stem three-quarters of an inch long; skin moderately thick, dull greenish-red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, firm, sweet, mild; quality fair to good; stone oval, slightly flattened, clinging; season very late.

=Warren.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 5. 1900.

Grown from seed of Hawkeye by H. A. Terry; first fruited in 1897. Fruit large, mottled light red, with thin bloom; late.

=Wastesa.= Species? =1.= _Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta._ 1910.

_State Fair No. 16_ 1.

A seedling of some native plum; grown and sent out by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station.

=Waterloo Pflaume.= Domestica? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

_Duc de Waterloo_ 1. _Prune de Waterloo_ 1.

This may be identical with Golden Drop although Mathieu separates them.

=Watson.= Triflora × Angustifolia varians? =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:21. 1898.

A seedling of Kelsey thought to have been pollinated by Lone Star; originated with D. H. Watson, Brenham, Texas; introduced by W. A. Yates in 1897. Tree vigorous, open; fruit large, pointed, red when fully ripe; flesh yellow, juicy, melting; stone nearly free, small.

=Watts.= Species? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 166. 1885.

Mentioned as grown by Dr. D. S. Watts of Madison County, Mississippi.

=Waugh.= Triflora × Hortulana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:273. 1901. =2.= _Rural N. Y._ =61=:658. 1902. =3.= _Ibid._ =65=:730. 1906.

Grown by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland, from seed of Chabot fertilized with Wayland; introduced in 1901. Favorably reported where tested. Tree vigorous, rapid and shapely in growth; fruit medium to large, roundish inclining to oblong; cavity shallow; stem slender; dark purplish-red; dots few and indistinct; flesh yellow, firm, meaty; very good; stone small, semi-clinging; mid-season or early.

=Wax.= Domestica. =1.= _Cultivator_ =3=:19. 1855. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 425. 1889.

Cire 2. _Wax Plum_ 2.

Raised by Elisha Dorr of Albany, New York; thought to be a cross between Bleeker and Denniston Superb; resembles Bleeker in growth and productiveness of tree; fruit large, slightly oval; stem very long; deep yellow overspread with carmine; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, firm, sweet with a sprightly flavor; clingstone; late.

=Wazata.= Nigra? =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:42. 1892. =2.= Bailey _Ev. Nat. Fruits_ 190. 1898. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 171. 1901.

Found wild in Minnesota; introduced by P. M. Gideon and W. F. Heikes. Tree upright, very ornamental in bloom; fruit small to medium, round, dull red; flesh yellow; inferior; clingstone; mid-season to late.

=Webster Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Watkins _Cat._ 1892. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 157, 364. 1895. =3.= _Garden_ =56=:344. 1899.

Reine-Claude de Webster 2. _Webster Gage_ 2. Webster’s Gage 1, 3.

Tree bears regularly but sparsely; fruit larger than Reine Claude, a little more oval in shape, yellowish-green; flesh yellowish, tender, soft, juicy, rich; mid-season.

=Weeping Blood.= Triflora. =1.= _Hill Side Nursery Sp. Cir._ 1895-6.

From J. L. Normand of Marksville, Louisiana; produces blood-red plums of good quality; valuable only as an ornamental.

=Weisses oder Grünes Zeiberl.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 454. 1889.

_Weisse Zeiberl_ 1.

Mathieu found reference to this variety in _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 290. 1884.

=Welch.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

Grown by H. A. Terry from seed of Hammer; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Tree upright, vigorous; fruit large, bright red on a yellow ground; flesh yellow, rich; clingstone; mid-season.

=Welcome.= Americana. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 100. 1903.

A handsome seedling of De Soto grown by the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit above medium size, oval, flattened; cavity narrow, shallow; rich yellow, more or less washed with red; dots very small, yellow, indistinct; bloom thin; skin moderately thick, tough; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant; good; mid-season.

=Weisse Kaiserin.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 418. 1881. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 431. 1889.

_Datte Jaune_ 2. _Gelbe Marunke_ 2. _Grosse Gelbe Dattel Pflaume_ 2. Grosse Gelbe Dattel Zwetsche 2. _Imperial Jaune_ 2. _Prune Datte_ 2. _Weisse Kaiserin_ 2.

Probably of German origin; tree medium in size, a rapid grower, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval; suture shallow; stem short, glabrous; skin not adherent, whitish-yellow, the sunny side dull red, sometimes dotted with red; dots numerous, fine, yellowish; bloom thin; flesh whitish-yellow, firm, very juicy, highly flavored; good for dessert and cooking; clingstone; late.

=Werder’sche Frühzwetsche.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 454. 1889.

_Stengel Pflaume._

=Wetherell.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =6=:92. 1840.

Col. Wetherell 1.

Originated by Henry Corse, Montreal, Canada, about 1830. Spoken of highly at the time of its origin; valuable for commercial purposes.

=Wetherill’s Sweet.= Insititia. =1.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 27. 1828. =2.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 154. 1831.

A Damson-like plum; small, sweet and delicious; clingstone; early.

=Whatisit.= _Prunus besseyi_ × Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 18. 1899-1900.

Grown by Theodore Williams of Nebraska from seed of _Prunus besseyi_ pollinated by an Americana; introduced by J. W. Kerr. Tree upright and vigorous, bears early, productive; fruit small, spherical inclining to oblong, dark purplish-red.

=Wheat.= Insititia. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 209. 1676. =3.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ =2=:1529. 1688. =4.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 154. 1831. =5.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 293, 383. 1846. =6.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 913. 1869. =7.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 730. 1884.

English Wheat 6. _Great Whitton_ 4. _Nutmeg_ 2. _Nutmeg_ 4, 5, 6. Red Wheate 1. Wheaten 3. _Wheaten_ 4, 5. _Whitton_ 4, 5. Wheat Plum 5. _Wheat Plum_ 6. _Wheaton_ 6. _Whitlow_ 6.

During the Seventeenth Century this name was applied to all Insititia plums and is still so used in parts of Europe.

=Whitaker.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:51, 86. 1892. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 74. 1895. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 190. 1901. =4.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 212. 1904.

Whitacre 4.

Whitaker is a seedling of Wild Goose raised and introduced by J. T. Whitaker of Tyler, Texas. Fruit of medium size, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; skin thin; bright red; bloom thin; dots many, distinct; flesh yellow, sweet; quality fair; stone small, long-oval, pointed, flat, clinging; mid-season. Listed in the catalog of the American Pomological Society since 1899.

=Whitby.= Species? =1.= _Can. Hort._ =18=:350. 1895.

A seedling exhibited at the Toronto Industrial Fair in 1895 by the originator, J. K. Gordon, Whitby, Canada.

=White Corn.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 154. 1831.

=White Diaper.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 952. 1869.

_Diapre Blanc_ 1. _Diaprée Blanche_ 1.

This variety seems to have been known only by Downing who says it is a small, round plum with a whitish-green skin covered with bloom; flesh rather firm, pale yellow, sweet; good; mid-season.

=White Honey Damson.= Insititia. =1.= Wild Bros. _Cat._ 1892.

A sweet yellow Damson.

=White Muscle.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629.

_White Mussell_ 1.

A strain of the Muscle plum differing from it only in its greenish-white color.

=White Otschakoff.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1887. =2.= Bailey _Ann. Hort._ 18. 1889.

_Bielaya Otschakorskaya_ 1.

One of the numerous varieties imported from East Europe by the Iowa Agricultural College about 1882. At one time recommended for the prairie states by Professor Budd.

=White Pear.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629. =2.= Langley _Pomona_ 96, 97. 1729. =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 154. 1831. =4.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:104. 1831.

Late White Pear 1.

A variety of ancient and unknown origin. Fruit medium in size, obovate; flesh adhering to the stone.

=White Peascod.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 208. 1676.

Peascod Plum 2. White Pescod 1.

Mentioned by the early writers; similar to the Green and Red Peascod.

=White Prune.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 228. 1909.

Grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; not yet introduced. Fruit long-oval, yellow, partly over-spread with red; bloom thick, conspicuous; skin thick, tough, acrid; flesh very firm, meaty, sweetish; good; freestone.

=White Queen.= Domestica. =1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =7=:95, Pl. 1859. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:101, fig. 1866-73. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 721. 1884. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 454. 1889. =5.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =177=:42, 43. 1899.

_Neue Weisse Kaiserin_ 4. Prune Reine Blanche 1. Reine Blanche 2, 3. _Reine Blanche_ 2, 4. _Reine Blanche de Galopin_ 4. _Weisse Königin_ 2. Weisse Königin 4.

Raised by M. Galopin, a nurseryman of Liege, Belgium, about 1844; introduced into America by the United States Department of Agriculture about 1890. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit medium in size, roundish-ovate, flattened at the ends, yellowish-white, sometimes tinged with red; suture shallow; cavity shallow, wide; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, aromatic; good; stone small, oval, clinging; late.

=White Sweet Damson.= Insititia. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =6=:123. 1840.

Originated as a seedling in Essex County, New York, sometime previous to 1840.

=White Wheat.= Insititia. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629. =2.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:63. 1771.

Spilling Jaune-simple 2. White Wheate 1.

A yellow variety of the Wheat plum of Europe. Fruit small, oval, yellow; fair quality.

=White Virginal.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:73. 1831. =2.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ 1. 1846. =3.= _U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt._ 306. 1854. =4.= Bridgeman _Gard. Ass’t_ 130. 1857. =5.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:129. 1866-73. =6.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 454. 1889. =7.= _Guide Prat._ 158, 367. 1895.

_Altesse Blanche?_ 6, 7. _Double Beurre Witte?_ 6, 7. _Peach_ 3. _Précoce_ 7. _Prune Précoce?_ 6. _Prune Virginale_ 2. _Virginal à gros fruit blanc_ 1. _Virginal blanc_ 1. Virginale 4. _Virginale à Fruit Blanc_ 6, 7. _Virginale à gros fruit blanc_ 5, 6, 7. _Virginal Blanche_ 6. Virginale blanche 3, 5, 7. _Virgin_ 6. _White Virginal_ 4. _White Virginale_ 6. Weisse Jungfernpflaume 6. _Weisse Jungfernpflaume_ 5, 7.

A variety confused by Downing with the Red Virginal. Fruit medium in size, roundish-oblate; suture a line; greenish-yellow; bloom heavy; flesh pale greenish, juicy, melting, sweet, pleasant; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Whyte.= Nigra. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm. Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:57. 1900. =2.= _Ibid._ =43=:39. 1903.

Whyte’s Red Seedling 1.

Grown by R. B. Whyte, Ottawa, Canada; under test at the Central Experimental Farm, under the name “Whyte R. B., No. 3.” Fruit medium in size, roundish; cavity narrow; suture a line; apex rounded; deep red; dots and bloom lacking; skin thin, tender; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone long, semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Whitley.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 731. 1884.

Whitley’s 1.

Fruit below medium size, round; suture faint; stem on a slight elevation, of medium length, slender; red with yellow dots, darker on the side next the sun; flesh yellow with white veins, juicy, sweet and well flavored; clingstone; late.

=Wier.= Americana. =1.= _Am. Gard._ =13=:460. 1892. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:45, 86. 1892. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:63. 1897.

Wier Large Red 1. Wier’s Large Red 2, 3.

Originated by D. B. Wier of Illinois; resembles Miner, but is no better than that variety. Fruit large, round; skin thin, red; flesh yellow, moderately firm; fair to good; clingstone.

=Wier No. 50.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:63. 1897.

Wier’s No. 50, 1, 2.

From D. B. Wier of Illinois. Tree vigorous, healthy, productive, bears annually; fruit large, round, dark red over yellow; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Wilde.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =7=:402. 1852. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 953. 1869.

Wilde’s 1.

Raised by a Mr. Comack from a stone brought from Italy by R. H. Wilde. Tree productive; fruit medium to large, oval-oblong, greenish-yellow; flesh yellowish-green, firm, dry, sweet; clingstone; early.

=Wilder.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:78. 1892. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1899. =3.= _Ala. Coll. Sta. Bul._ =112=:178. 1900. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 175. 1901.

Col. Wilder 1, 2. _Colonel Wilder_ 4. President Wilder 3.

Wilder was grown from seed of Wild Goose in 1885 by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture a line; skin firm, dark red; bloom thin; dots distinct; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; quality good; stone large, oval, clinging; mid-season.

=Wild Goose Improved.= Munsoniana. =1.= Stark _Cat._ 29. 1910.

An improved strain of Wild Goose introduced by Stark Brothers, Louisiana, Missouri, in 1910.

=Wildrose.= Americana. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ =134.= 1887. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:45, 86. 1892. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:64. 1897.

A wild seedling found in Minnesota; introduced in 1880 by A. W. Sias, Rochester, Minnesota. Fruit large, round, yellow blushed with red; flesh firm; clingstone; early to mid-season.

=Wilkinson.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 400. 1857.

Tree vigorous; branches smooth, rather slender; fruit of medium size, oval, slightly necked; skin reddish-purple; bloom thick; stalk medium, set in a small cavity; flesh dark yellow, firm, sweet, not rich; semi-clinging; late.

=Willamette.= Domestica.

For a discussion of this plum see the Pacific.

=Williams.= Nigra? =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Ibid._ 15. 1897. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:64. 1897.

Tree vigorous, healthy, moderately productive; fruit large, oblong, pointed, red; clingstone; early.

=Wilmeth Late.= Species? =1.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:490. 1894.

Noticed in the preceding reference as on trial.

=Wilson.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:64. 1897.

Noted in the preceding reference as a very early fine plum.

=Wine Plum.= Domestica. =1.= Coxe _Cult. Fr. Trees_ 237. 1817. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:101. 1832.

Much like the Yellow Egg in appearance but smaller, oblong, pale green; stem long; flesh rich, juicy and well flavored; early.

=Winesour.= Insititia. =1.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:101. 1832. =3.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 294, 383. 1846. =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:17. 1873. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889. =6.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 367. 1895.

_Rotherham_ 3, 5, 6. _Sauere Weinpflaume_ 4. _Sauere Wein Pflaume Von Yorkshire_ 5, 6. _Sour Wine Plum of Yorkshire_ 5, 6. _Vineuse acidule_ 4, 5. Vineuse-Acidule 6. _Vinisour_ 6. Weinsauerliche Pflaume 5. Weinsauerliche Zwetsche 4, 6. _Winesour_ 6. _Winesour Plum_ 5. _Yorkshire Winesour_ 5, 6.

An old English variety from Rotherham in Yorkshire, where it is highly esteemed for making preserves. Fruit of the Damson type, small, oval; stem one-half inch long; dark purple; dots dark colored; flesh greenish-yellow, sometimes tinged with red towards the stone, sour; stone long, slender, pointed, clinging; late.

=Winnebago.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 286. 1887. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:64. 1897. =3.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:47. 1898.

From Minnesota; tree vigorous, rigid and thorny, moderately productive; fruit medium in size, round, irregular; stem long, slender; cavity deep; yellow overspread with deep red; skin thin; flesh yellowish, soft, of inferior flavor; stone elliptical, somewhat oblique, rather flat, rounded at both ends, clinging; mid-season.

=Winter Creke.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629.

Noted by Parkinson as very late.

=Winter Damson.= Insititia. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 146. 1831. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:89. 1832. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 297. 1845. =4.= Hooper _W. Fr. Book_ 244. 1857. =5.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:145. 1873.

_Black Damson_ 3. _Blue Damson_ 2. _Blue Damascene_ 2. _Common Blue Damson_ 2. _Common Damson_ 3. Damas d’Hiver 5. _Damson_ 2. Damson 2, 3. Damson Winter 4. _Early Damson_ 3. _Late Damson_ 2. Late Purple Damson 2. _Purple Damson_ 3. _Purple Winter Damson_ 2. _Winter Damson_ 2, 5.

Mas thought that this variety originated in America, but since it was first noted in England it is probably an importation to the New World from that country. Downing distinguished it from the common Damson by its extreme lateness. Tree medium in size; fruit roundish, small; suture a line; purplish-black; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, acid, with a slight astringency; good for preserving; clingstone.

=Wiseman.= Domestica. Mentioned in Wild Bros. _Cat._ 1908.

Wiseman’s Prune.

=Wohanka.= Triflora × Americana. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ 108. 1908.

A hybrid between De Soto and Red June grown by Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station who considers it worthy of trial.

=Wolf and Japan.= Triflora × Americana mollis. =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 424. 1905.

Listed with a number of plums which were tested by H. T. Thompson, Marengo, Illinois.

=Wolf Clingstone.= Americana mollis. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:18. 1901. =2.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:13. 1905.

Clingstone Wolf. Wolf Cling 1.

Propagated and sent out in many cases as the true Wolf which it much resembles except that it is darker in color and is a clingstone. It seems to be more resistant to diseases and insects than Wolf.

=Woolston.= Domestica. =1.= McIntosh _Bk. Gard._ =2=:53. 1855. =2.= _Horticulturist_ =13=:168. 1858. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:153, fig. 77. 1866-73. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 454. 1889. =5.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 433. 1905.

Reine-Claude de Woolston 5. Reine-Claude Noire de Woolston 3. _Woolston Black_ 4. Woolston Black Gage 1. Woolston Gage 2. _Woolston’s Black Gage_ 3, 4. Woolston’s Violette Reine-Claude 4.

Raised by a Mr. Dowling of Southampton, England. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish, purplish-black; suture not pronounced; cavity deep and wide; stem medium in length, slender; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, sugary, tender, aromatic; very good; freestone; mid-season.

=Wooster.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:65. 1897.

Mentioned in the preceding reference as not being hardy in Minnesota.

=Wooten.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:65. 1892. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 492. 1897. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 191. 1901.

Wootton 2.

Wooten was found growing wild in Burnet County, Texas, in 1876, by F. T. Ramsey; introduced by A. N. Ramsey & Son. Fruit oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; skin thin; bright red; bloom thin; flesh yellow; quality good; stone large, clinging; mid-season.

=Worth.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 7. 1902-3.

Originated by Theodore Williams of Nebraska; named and introduced by J. W. Kerr in 1902. Tree vigorous, healthy and productive; fruit large, round-oblong, purplish-red on a greenish-yellow ground; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Wragg.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

A seedling of Hawkeye grown by H. A. Terry; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Tree vigorous, healthy, productive; fruit very large, yellow blotched with dark red; flesh yellow, firm, rich; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Wragg Freestone.= Species? =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:18. 1901.

Received by the Wisconsin Experiment Station from Edson Gaylord, Nora Springs, Iowa. Fruit medium to small, roundish, dark purplish-red with numerous elongated yellowish markings; bloom heavy; stem long, slender; skin tender, not harsh; flesh greenish-yellow, crisp, very rich but harsh near the center; stone round, grooved, semi-clinging.

=Wunder von New York.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 454. 1889.

_Merville de New York._

=Wyandotte.= Species? =1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 290. 1889.

Professor Budd of Iowa mentioned this plum as hardy and as bearing continuously.

=Wyant and Japan.= Triflora × Americana. =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 420. 1905.

Mentioned in a list of varieties under test by H. T. Thompson, Marengo, Illinois. Said to be a hybrid seedling; fruit light red; fair quality; freestone; mid-season.

=Wyckoff.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Linn County Nur. Cat._

Wyckoff was found growing wild along the Cedar River, Iowa, by a Mr. Wyckoff; introduced by Snyder Brothers, Center Point, Iowa.

=Wyedale.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 732. 1884. =2.= _Garden_ =58=:395. 1900. =3.= Thompson _Gard. Ass’t_ =4=:159. 1901.

From Yorkshire, England; much grown in the northern parts of England. Tree very productive, strong and upright in growth; fruit small, oval; cavity small; dark purple, almost black; flesh greenish-yellow, brisk, juicy, agreeably flavored; clingstone; late.

=Wyzerka.= Domestica. =1.= _Kan. Sta. Bul._ =73=:191. 1897. =2.= _Ibid._ =101=:121, Pl. 6 fig. 1. 1901. =3.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 328. 1903.

Wiezerka 1, 2.

Wyzerka is one of the numerous Russian varieties imported by J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station. There seems to have been some confusion in the distribution of this plum, for Budd and Hansen, in reference three, describe Wyzerka as a large, oval, yellow plum with a fine peach-like flavor; the variety sent to this Station under this name bears a small, purplish-black, Damson-like fruit, long-oval in form, cavity shallow; suture a line; skin thin; bloom very heavy; flesh yellow, juicy, slightly fibrous, sweet, mild; flavor good; stone oval, small, free; mid-season.

=Yates.= Triflora × Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:22. 1898. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:275. 1901.

From seed of Kelsey thought to have been pollinated with Lone Star; originated with D. H. Watson, Brenham, Texas; introduced by W. A. Yates, 1897. Tree thrifty, healthy; fruit large, roundish, red when fully ripe; clingstone; mid-season.

=Yellow Americana.= Species? Letter from Kerr.

Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska.

=Yellow Egg.= Species? =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:66. 1897.

Goff mentions a variety under this name which differs from the older plum of the same name. Tree of weeping habit, productive; fruit long; freestone.

=Yellow, 43 Fischer.= Domestica. =1.= Bailey _Ann. Hort._ 18. 1889.

Introduced into this country from Russia by Professor J. L. Budd of Ames, Iowa.

=Yellow Impératrice.= Domestica. =1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ 55, Pl. 1853. =2.= _Pom. France_ =7=: No. 11. 1871. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:113, fig. 1866-73. =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 732. 1884. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 431. 1889. =6.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 461. 1906.

_Altesse Blanche_ 4, 5. _D’Altesse Blanche_ 6. _De Monsieur Jaune_ 3. Gelbe Herrn Pflaume 5. _Impératrice Jaune_ 3, ?5. Jaune de Monsieur 2. _Jaune de Monsieur_ 5, 6. _Monsieur à Fruits Jaune_ 4, 5. Monsieur à Fruits Jaunes 3. _Monsieur à Fruits Jaunes_ 5, 6. Monsieur Jaune 6. _Prune de Monsieur Jaune_ 5. Prune de Monsieur Jaune 1. _Prune de Monsieur, Varietè Jaune_ 5. _Prune Monsieur Jaune_ 2. _Prune d’Altesse Blanche_ 2, 5. _Virginale Blanche_ 4, ?5. _Yellow Impératrice_ ?3, 5.

M. Jacquin, nurseryman of Paris, France, obtained this plum from seed of a cross between the Orleans and the Reine Claude planted about 1820; brought to notice in 1845. Mas considered Hogg’s and Downing’s Yellow Impératrice as different from the French variety. Tree medium in vigor; fruit medium in size, usually roundish-oval; suture broad; halves unequal; skin not adhering, golden-yellow, dotted and streaked with carmine-red; flesh yellow, juicy, very sweet and aromatic; freestone; mid-season.

=Yellow Imperial.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:59. 1832.

_Imperial jaune_ 1. Impériale jaune 1.

Described by Prince as distinct from Yellow Egg which it much resembles but differing in that it is somewhat smaller, about two weeks earlier and slightly more acid.

=Yellow Jack.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 154. 1831.

=Yellow Jerusalem.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 732. 1884. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 436. 1889.

Jahns Gelbe Jerusalems Pflaume 2. _Jahn’s Jerusalems Pflaume_ 2. _Jerusalem Jaune_ 1, 2. _Jahn’s Gelbe Jerusalems-pflaume_ 1. _Yellow Jerusalem_ 2.

Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture a line; cavity deep; deep yellow with crimson specks next the sun; flesh yellow, with white veins, tender, juicy, brisk, sweet, very good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Yellow Magnum Bonum.= Domestica. =1.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =17=:228. 1869.

According to the preceding reference this variety is distinct from the Yellow Egg (White Magnum Bonum). Fruit medium in size, oval, dull yellow sprinkled with red dots; rich; clingstone; young shoots smooth.

=Yellow Nagate.= Triflora. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 106. 1891. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:57. 1900.

A little known Triflora very closely resembling if not identical with some of the standard yellow Trifloras.

=Yellow Oregon.= Hortulana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:66. 1897. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =11=:287. 1898.

Described by Waugh from specimens received by him from B. A. Matthews, Iowa. Fruit small, nearly spherical; suture a faint line; bright golden-yellow; dots many, whitish; skin thick and strong; flesh yellow and not very firm; quality medium; stone large, smooth, clinging; inferior in size and quality to Captain or Cumberland.

=Yellow Panhandle.= Angustifolia watsoni. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:66. 1897. =2.= Bailey _Ev. Nat. Fruits_ 222, 223. 1898. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 234. 1901. =4.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =67=:285. 1904.

A variety from the Panhandle of Texas; introduced by F. T. Ramsey of Austin, Texas. Tree forms a close symmetrical head; fruit small, roundish-oblong, yellow overspread with clear bright red; dots few, indistinct; skin tough; flesh yellow, hard; quality poor; stone medium, oval, turgid, clinging.

=Yellow Roman Bullace.= Insititia. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831.

=Yellow Sweet.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:46. 1892. =2.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:47. 1898. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 168. 1901.

Thought to have originated in Minnesota. Tree small; fruit large, round inclining to oblong; suture distinct; stem short and stout; yellow more or less mottled and shaded with red; bloom thin; flesh firm, juicy, rich, sweet; good; stone round, flat, clinging.

=Yellow Transparent.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 162. 1881. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 25. 1897. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =113=:156. 1899. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 200. 1901.

_Transparent_ 4 incor. _Transparent Yellow_ 2.

Selected from a seedling orchard of two thousand trees planted near Denison, Texas, by J. L. Freeman. Tree vigorous, forming a handsome top, productive; fruit medium in size, oblong, bright yellow; skin thin and tough, reported to crack badly in some localities; flesh soft and watery, sweet and good; clingstone; early.

=Yellow Wildgoose.= Munsoniana? =1.= Van Lindley _Cat._ 42. 1899.

Said to have been introduced by R. Bates of Jackson, South Carolina. Fruit large, equal in size to Wild Goose with better quality; ripens at the same time.

=Yellow Yosemite.= Species? =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =20=:176. 1878. =2.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =118=:52, 55. 1895.

Yosemite 1. Yosemite Yellow 2.

Yellow Yosemite came from the “Rocky Mountains” about 1870 with the Purple Yosemite; introduced by W. S. Carpenter, Rye, New York. Fruit roundish; suture a line; skin thick, tough, yellow, with reddish tinge; flesh yellow, sweet, tender; stone roundish-ovate, clinging; mid-season.

=Yohe.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 954. 1869.

Yohes Eagle 1.

Noticed by Downing who says it is an accidental seedling in the garden of Caleb Yohe, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

=York State Prune.= Domestica. =1.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 504, 505. 1897. =2.= Greene _Cat._ 1897. =3.= Sweet _Cat._ 13. 1897. =4.= _W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ =44=:92. 1899.

Large German Prune 3. _York State Prune_ 3.

A seedling grown near Dansville, New York. As tested at this Station and by many fruit-growers it is identical with Italian Prune.

=Young.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 955. 1869.

_Young’s Seedling_ 1.

From Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval, deep reddish-purple; flesh yellow, sweet; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Yukon.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling grown at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Canada. Fruit of medium size, red; skin thick; good; early.

=Yuteca.= Species? =1.= _Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta._ 1910.

_South Dakota No. 8_ 1.

A very early ripening seedling of some native plum grown by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station; sent out in 1907.

=Zahlbruckner Damascene.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 455. 1889.

_Zahlbruckner’s Violette Damascene._

=Zekanta.= Species? =1.= _Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta._ 1910.

A large yellow seedling of some native plum grown and introduced by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station.

=Zucchetta Gialla.= Species? Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 455. 1889.

=Zulu.= Species? =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:230. 1899.

Grown by Luther Burbank who says in regard to its parentage “It is a mystery, being three or four generations from innumerable crosses, and resembles no other known species or variety.” Fruit medium in size, round or somewhat oblate; suture shallow; cavity broad, open; stem short, strong; very dark dull red, almost black; dots many, minute, whitish; bloom thick; skin thin and tender; flesh firm, juicy, red, rich and sweet; quality good to best; stone medium large, rounded, only slightly flattened, clinging.

=Zuzac.= Domestica. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 25. 1897.

Similar in appearance to Townsend.

=Zwergpflaume.= Domestica. =1.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:35, Tab. 183 fig. 2. 1796.

Die kleine Zwergpflaume 1. _Prune nain_ 1.

Tree low; leaves lance-shaped, short-stemmed; flowers small, fragrant; petals long, not widely opened; fruit hanging on a long stem, the size and appearance of a cherry except that it is more elongated; pleasant; sometimes sourish and flat.

=Zwetsche Professor Wittmack.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 455. 1889.

Referenced by Mathieu from _Garten-flora_ 142. 1888.

=Zwetsche Von der Worms.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 455. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 368. 1895.

_Grosse Blaue Zwetsche Von der Worms_ 1, 2. _Quetsche Grosse Blaue de la Worms_ 1, 2.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, oval, bluish-black; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, firm; mid-season.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES, WITH ABBREVIATIONS USED.

In this list it is hoped that there will be found all horticultural books in America dealing with the plum. No attempt has been made to include botanical works. Only such European books are recorded as were found useful in preparing the volume. All the agricultural and horticultural periodicals to which references are to be found in the preceding pages are given, but no more. The reports and bulletins of experiment stations and horticultural societies are not included since the abbreviations used for such publications are readily recognized. The date of copyright has been preferred to that of publication though sometimes it has been necessary to use the latter, as when there were several editions from the same copyright.

Abercrombie, Gard. Ass’t

The Gardeners Daily Assistant. By John Abercrombie. London:
1786.

Am. Gard.

American Gardening. New York: 1892-1904. (Before its union with
Popular Gardening in 1892, was known as American Garden. Both
Popular Gardening and American Garden resulted from the union
or absorption of several other horticultural periodicals.)

Am. Gard. Mag.

American Gardener’s Magazine. See Mag. Hort.

Am. Hort. An.

American Horticultural Annual. A Year Book of Horticultural
Progress, etc., under the general editorial care of Dr. George
Thurber. New York: 1867-1871.

Am. Jour. Hort.

The American Journal of Horticulture and Florist’s Companion.
Boston: 1867-1869. Continued as Tilton’s Journal of
Horticulture and Floral Magazine, 1869-1871.

Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt.

American Pomological Society Report. Issued usually biennially
from 1852 to date.

Ann. Hort.

Annals of Horticulture and yearbook of information on practical
gardening. London: 1846-50. 5 vols.

Ann. Pom. Belge

Annales de Pomologie Belge et Étrangère; publiées par la
Commission royale de Pomologie, instituée par S. M. le Roi des
Belges. 8 vols. Bruxelles: 1853-1860.

Bailey, Ann. Hort.

Annals of Horticulture in North America. A record of
Horticultural Progress, appearing annually from 1889-1893. By
L. H. Bailey. New York.

Bailey, Cyc. Hort.

Cyclopedia of American Horticulture. By L. H. Bailey, assisted
by Wilhelm Miller. In Four Volumes. New York: 1900.

Bailey, Ev. Nat. Fruits

A sketch of the Evolution of Our Native Fruits. By L. H.
Bailey. New York: 1898.

Bailey, Sur. Unlike

The Survival of The Unlike. By L. H. Bailey. New York: 1906.

Baltet, Cult. Fr.

Traité de la Culture Fruitière Commerciale et Bourgeoise. Par
Charles Baltet. Quatrième Édition. Paris: 1908.

Barry, Fr. Garden

The Fruit Garden. By P. Barry. New York: 1851. Revised edition,
1883.

Bartrum, Pears & Plums

The Book of Pears and Plums. By E. Bartrum. London and
New York: 1903. Being Volume XI of Handbooks of Practical
Gardening, edited by Harry Roberts.

Bradley, Gard.

New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical
and Practical. In three parts. By Richard Bradley. Seventh
edition, London: 1739.

Bridgeman, Gard. Ass’t

The Young Gardener’s Assistant. Three parts. By Thomas
Bridgeman. New York: 1857.

Brookshaw, Pom. Brit.

Pomona Brittanica or a collection of the Most Esteemed Fruits
at Present cultivated in Great Britain. By George Brookshaw.
London: 1817.

Budd-Hansen, Am. Hort. Man.

American Horticultural Manual, etc. By J. L. Budd and N. E.
Hansen. In 2 vols; vol. 2. New York and London: 1903.

Cal. Fr. Grower

The California Fruit-Grower. San Francisco: 1888 to date.

Can. Hort.

Canadian Horticulturist. Toronto: 1878 to date.

Cat. Cong. Pom. France

Société Pomologique de France. Catalogue descriptif des fruits
adoptés par le Congrès pomologique. Lyon: 1887. Ibid.: 1906.

Cole, Am. Fr. Book

The American Fruit Book. By S. W. Cole. Boston: 1849.

Country Gent.

Country Gentleman. Albany: 1853-1865. The Cultivator and
Country Gentleman. Albany: 1866-1897. The Country Gentleman.
Albany: 1898 to date.

Coxe, Cult. Fr. Trees

A View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees. By William Coxe.
Philadelphia: 1817.

Cultivator

Albany: 1834-1865. In 1866 united with the Country Gentleman.

Decaisne & Naudin, Man. Am. des Jard.

Manuel de L’Amateur des Jardins. By Jh. Decaisne and Ch.
Naudin. Tome quatrième. Paris.

De Candolle, Or. Cult. Plants

Origin of Cultivated Plants. By Alphonse De Candolle. Geneva
[Switzerland]: 1882. New York: 1885.

Downing, Fr. Trees. Am.

The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America. By A. J. Downing. New
York and London: 1845. Second edition, same text, with colored
plates, 1847. First revision, by Charles Downing. New York:
1857. Second revision, by Charles Downing. New York: 1869.
First appendix, 1872. Second appendix, 1876. Third appendix,
1881.

Duhamel, Trait. Arb. Fr.

Traité des Arbres Fruitiers. Par M. Duhamel du Monceau. Tomes
1 et 2. Paris: 1768. Edition publie en 1782 en trois tomes.
Nouvelle Edition en six tomes, 1807-1835.

Elliott, Fr. Book

Elliott’s Fruit Book: or the American Fruit-Growers’ Guide. By
F. R. Elliott. New York: 1854. Revised edition, 1859.

Fish, Hardy-Fr. Bk.

The Hardy-Fruit Book. By D. T. Fish. Two volumes. London:
probably 1882.

Flor. & Pom.

The Florist and Pomologist. A Pictorial Monthly Magazine of
Flowers, Fruits and General Horticulture. Conducted at first by
Robert Hogg and John Spencer, later by Thomas Moore and William
Paul. London: 1862-84.

Floy-Lindley, Guide Orch. Gard.

A Guide to the Orchard and Fruit Garden. By George Lindley;
edited by John Lindley. American edition by Michael Floy. New
York: 1833. New edition with an appendix, 1846.

Forsyth, Treat. Fr. Trees

A Treatise on the Culture and Management of Fruit Trees. By
William Forsyth. London: 1802. Same with Introduction and
Notes, by William Cobbett. Albany: 1803. Seventh edition
[English] London: 1824.

Gallesio, Pom. Ital.

Pomona Italiana Ossia Trattato Degli Alberi Fruttiferi Di
Giorgio Gallesio. Tomo Secondo. Pisa: 1839. Volume 2 includes
two large books, Testo 2, which contains the fruit descriptions
and Tavole 2, which contains the plates.

Gard. and For.

Garden and Forest. Charles S. Sargent, editor. New York:
1888-1897.

Gard. Chron.

Gardeners’ Chronicle, etc. London: 1841 to date.

Garden

Garden. London: 1872 to date.

Gardening

Gardening. Chicago: 1893 to date.

Gard. Mon.

Gardener’s Monthly, etc. Thomas Meehan, editor. Philadelphia:
1859-1887.

Gard. World

Gardening World, illustrated. A weekly paper exclusively
devoted to all the branches of practical gardening. London:
1884-1909. In Vol. 20, 1903, the title was changed to The
Gardening World, an illustrated journal for country gentlemen
and professional gardeners. The editor from May, 1895, has been
John Fraser; previously the editor had been Brian Wynne, but in
the earlier years the editor’s name is not given.

Gaucher, Pom. Prak. Obst.

Pomologie der Praktischen Obstbaumzüchters. Von N. Gaucher.
Stuttgart: 1894.

Gen. Farmer

Genesee Farmer. Edited by Luther Tucker. Rochester: 1831-1839.
Then consolidated with the Cultivator. Another periodical of
the same name was published in Rochester from 1845 to 1865.
Also New Genesee Farmer and Monthly Genesee Farmer.

Gerard, Herball

The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. By John Gerard.
Enlarged and amended by Thomas Johnson. London: 1636.

Goodrich, N. Fr. Cult.

The Northern Fruit Culturist, or Farmers’ Guide. By Chauncey
Goodrich. Burlington, Vt.: 1849.

Guide Prat.

Guide Pratique de L’Amateur de Fruits. Description et Culture
des Variétés de Fruits Classées Par Séries de Mérite. Composant
les Collections Pomologiques de L’Établissement Horticole
Simon-Louis Frères. A Plantières-lès-Metz. (Lorraine Annexée)
Deuxième Édition. Revue et Corrigée par les Chefs de Culture de
L’Établissement. Paris and Nancy: 1895.

Hoffy, N. Am. Pom.

Hoffy’s North American Pomologist. Edited by William D.
Brinckle. Book No. 1. Philadelphia: 1860.

Hoffy, Orch. Com.

Hoffy’s Orchardist’s Companion or Fruits of the United States.
A quarterly journal. Vol. 1, 1841-2, Vol. 2, 1842-3. Alfred
Hoffy, Editor and Publisher. Philadelphia.

Hogg, Fruit Man.

The Fruit Manual. By Robert Hogg. First edition, London: 1860.
Second edition, 1861. Third edition, 1866. Fourth edition,
1873. Fifth edition, 1884.

Hooper, W. Fr. Book

Hooper’s Western Fruit Book. By E. J. Hooper. Cincinnati: 1857.

Horticulturist

The Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste.
Albany, Philadelphia and New York: 1846-1875. Founded by A. J.
Downing. Other editors were Barry, Smith, Mead, Williams and
the Woodwards.

Hovey, Fr. Am.

The Fruits of America. Two Volumes. C. M. Hovey. Boston: 1851.

Jour. Hort.

Journal of Horticulture began as: The Cottage Gardener; or
Amateurs’ and Cottagers’ guide to out-door gardening and spade
cultivation. London: 1849-1861. 25 vols. (Edited Vols. 1-13
by G. W. Johnson, vols. 14-25 by G. W. Johnson and R. Hogg.)
Continued as The Journal of Horticulture, Cottage Gardener and
Country Gentleman.... New Series. London: 1861-1880. 38 vols.
(edited by G. W. Johnson and R. Hogg)—continued under the same
title as ... Third Series. London: 1880-1909. 59 vols. (edited
by R. Hogg).

Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc.

Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society. London: 1846 to
date. Vols. 1-9; 1846-55, bear the title of Journal of the
Horticultural Society of London.

Kenrick, Am. Orch.

The New American Orchardist. By Wilham Kenrick. Boston: 1832.
Second edition revised, 1835. Seventh edition, enlarged and
improved, with a supplement, 1844.

Knoop, Fructologie