Chapter XXXVI: Part I: Pomologie ou Description Meilleures Sortes de Pommes (4)

_Serdali Irek_ (syn. of Gelbe Kirschpflaume), 450

Sergeant, 339

_Shailer’s White Damson_ (syn. of White Damson), 374

Shaker, 542

Sharp, 340

Sharp; _Sharpe’s Emperor_; _Sharp’s Emperor_; _Sharps Kaiserpflaume_
(syns. of Sharp), 340

Sharp; _Sharpe’s Emperor_; _Sharpe’s Emperor_; _Sharp’s
Kaiserpflaume_ (syns. of Victoria), 363

Shaw, 542

Shedd Cluster, 542

_Sheen_ (syn. of Fotheringham), 212

Sheldon, 542

Sheldrake, 340

Shepherd Bullace, 542

Shepherd’s White (syn. of Shepherd Bullace), 542

_Shepler_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

Shepway Bulleis, 542

Shilling, 543

Shipper, 341, 543

_Shipper_ (syn. of Marketman), 491

_Shipper Pride_; Shipper’s Pride; _Shippers’ Pride_ (syns. of
Shipper), 341

Shirata Bene, 543

Shiro, 342

_Shiro Smomo_ (syn. of Berger, 160; of Ogon, 298; of Red June, 324)

Shropshire, 344

_Shropshire Damson_ (syn. of Shropshire), 344

Shviata Bene, 543

Siamese, 543

Sidone, 543

Siebenbürger Pflaume, 543

_Siebenburger Pflaume_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

_Siebenburger Zwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche de Transylvanie), 523

_Siebenfreud’s Königspflaume_; Siebenfreund’s Königspflaume (syns. of
Royale de Siebenfreud), 535

Sierra, 543

Sierra Crimson (syn. of Sierra), 543

Silassy, 543

Silas Wilson, 543

_Silberblattrige Zwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche à feuille argentée), 523

Silva Köning Claudie, 543

_Silver Prune_ (syn. of Golden Drop), 229

_Simiana_ (syn. of Semiana, 541; of Suisse, 549)

Simon, 345

Simon, Victor, var. orig. by, 551

_Simon_; _Simon’s Chinese Apricot Plum_; Simon’s Peach; Simon’s Plum
(syns. of Simon), 346

Simpson, 346

Simpson, W. B., var. orig. by, 414.

_Sinomo_ (syn. of Kelsey), 258

_Sir Charles Worsley’s_ (syn. of Royal), 534

Sirocco, 544

Sisson, 544

Sixby, 544

Six Weeks, 544

_Skorospielka_ (syn. of Early), 437

Skuya, 544

Slee-Pruim (syn. of Sloe), 544

Sloe, 544

Sloe Plum, 59

Small, quoted, 80

Small Black Damask (syn. of Black Damask), 404

_Small Damas_ (syn. of Black Damask), 404

Small Green Drying, 544

_Small Green Gage_ (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347

_Small Mirabelle_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

_Small Queen Claude_ (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347

_Small Red Damask_; Small Red Damson (syns. of Queen Mother), 522

Small Reine Claude, 347

_Small Round Damson_ (syn. of Damson, 186; of White Damson, 374)

_Small White Damask_ (syn. of Small White Damson), 545

Small White Damson, 544

Smiley, 545

Smith, Captain John, quoted, 84, 93

Smith, var. orig. by, 348

Smith, 545

Smith, A. M., var. orig. by, 545

Smith, C. A., var. orig. by, 545

Smith, E. F., quoted, 131

Smith, W. & T. Co., quoted, 118

Smith October, 545

Smith Orleans, 348

Smith Prolific, 545

_Smith Prune_ (syn. of Diamond), 191

Smith Red, 545

_Smith’s Herrn Pflaume_; _Smith’s large Orleans_; _Smith’s Orleans_;
Smith’s Orleans Pflaume (syns. of Smith Orleans), 348

Smith’s large October (syn. of Impératrice), 249

_Smith’s Orleans_ (syn. of Cooper), 423

Smith’s Prune (syn. of Diamond), 191

_Smith’s Prune_ (syn. of Kingston), 476

Smith’s Red (syn. of Smith Red), 545

Snelling, 545

Snelling, W. H., var. orig. by, 546

_Snooks_ (syn. of New Ulm), 293

Snyder, 546

Sophie, 349

Souris, 546

_Sour Wine Plum of Yorkshire_ (syn. of Winesour), 566

South Cumberland, 546

Southern Beauty, 546

Southern Golden, 546

_Souvenir de Madame Nicolle_ (syn. of Madame Nicolle), 488

Spanish (syn. of Spanish King), 546

Spanish Damascene; _Spanish Damask_; Spanish Red Damask (syns. of
Spanish Damask), 546

Spanish Damask, 546

Spanish King, 546

_Spanish King_ (syn. of Lombard), 268

_Späte Dattel Pflaume_ (syn. of Hungarian), 246

_Späte Herrn Pflaume_; _Späte Königs Pflaume_; _Späte Königs Pflaume
aus Paris_; _Später Perdrigon_ (syns. of Perdrigon Tardif), 515

_Späte Mirabelle_ (syn. of Late Mirabelle, 263; of Saint Catherine,
334)

Späte Muskateller; Späte Muskatellerpflaume (syns. of Late
Muscatelle), 264

_Späte Muskateller Pflaume_ (syn. of Tardive Musquée), 551

_Späte Schwarze Damascene_ (syn. of Musk Damson), 501

Späte von Chalons (syn. of Late Chalons), 480

Späte Zwetsche Von Karlstadt, 546

Spath, M., var. orig. by, 395

Spaulding, 350

Speckled Gage, 546

Speer, 547

_Spelge_ (syn. of Gemeiner Gelbe Spilling), 451

Spicer, 547

_Spilge_ (syn. of Gemeiner Gelbe Spilling), 451

Spilling Jaune-double, 547

Spilling Jaune-simple (syn. of White Wheat), 565

_Spindel Pflaume_ (syn. of Gemeiner Gelbe Spilling), 451

_Spitszwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche Pointue), 524

_Spitzige Rote Pflaume_; _Spitz Pflaume_ (syns. of Rote Zwetsche), 534

_Spitzige Rote Pflaume_ (syn. of Bechstein Spitzpflaume), 400

_Spitz Pflaume_ (syn. of Bechstein Spitzpflaume), 400

Spitzzwetsche (syn. of Quetsche Pointue), 524

Splendid, 547

Splendor, 547

Spotted Gage, 547

Springer, 547

Stabeler Seedling, 547

_Stambul Erik oder Irek_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

Standard, 548

_Standard of England_ (syn. of Standard), 548

Stanton, 352

Stanton’s Seedling (syn. of Stanton), 352

Stark Brothers, quoted, 116, 213

Stark Green Gage, 548

Starnes, H. N., quoted, 131, 376

Steer’s Emperor; _Steers’ Emperor_ (syns. of Goliath), 231

Steinlose Zwetsche (syn. of Stoneless), 353

Steinman, 548

Steinman, C., var. orig. by, 548

Stella, 548

_Stengel Pflaume_ (syn. of Werder’sche Frühzwetsche), 563

Stephens, John D., var. orig. by, 533

Steptoe, 548

Sterling, 548

Stickney, 548

Stint, 548

Stintpflaume (syn. of Stint), 548

Stocks, varieties of, 114-120

Stoddard, 352

Stoddart (syn. of Stoddard), 352

Stoneless, 353

_Stoneless_ (syn. of Stoneless), 353

Stonewood, 549

Stout, var. orig. by, 549

Stout, 549

Strachey, quoted, 84

Strawberry, 549

_Strawberry_ (syn. of Berger), 160

Striped-leaved, 549

Strong, William, var. orig. by, 512

Stumpe (syn. of Howe), 464

Stumpe, Mrs., var. orig. by, 465

_Stumpy_ (syn. of Howe), 464

Sucker State, 549

_Sucree de Trauttenberg_, or Sucree-Douce De Trauttenberg (syns. of
Trauttenberg), 555

_Sucrin Vert_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Sugar, 354

Sugar Prune (syn. of Sugar), 354

_Suisina Grossella Piccola_ (syn. of Musk Damson), 501

Suisse, 549

Sultan, 549

_Sultan_ (syn. of Occident), 295

Sultaneck Erick, 549

_Sultaneck Erik_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Summer Damson_ (syn. of Damas d’Ete), 426

Sunrise, 549, 550

Sunset, 550

Superbe de Denniston (syn. of Denniston Superb), 431

Superbe de Huling (syn. of Hulings), 245

_Superior Gage_; _Superiour_ or _Superior Green Gage_ (syns. of
Imperial Gage), 251

_Superior Gage_; _Superior Green Gage_ (syns. of Washington), 368

Supreme (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Surpasse Monsieur, 550

Surprise, 355

Susina Di Santa Caterina (syn. of Saint Catherine), 334

_Susina Massina Piccola_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

Susina Regina (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Susina Settembrica Quialla_ (syn. of Reizenstein Yellow Prune), 531

Susina Torla d’Nova di Borgogna (incor.) (syn. of Burgundy Prune), 412

Susina or Susino Vecchietti (syns. of Catelano Violaceo), 416

_Susina Verdachia Longa_ (syn. of Grüne Dattel Zwetsche), 456

Susino Catalano (syn. of Catalano), 415

Susino Damaschino Settembrino (syn. of Damaschino Settembrino), 426

Susino Scaudatella (syn. of Scaudatella), 540

_Suwanee_ (syn. of Wild Goose), 378

Svedske Tidlig Leipziger, 550

Svedske Ungersk, 550

Swan, 550

Swan (syn. of Swan Golden), 550

Swan Golden, 550

Swan’s Yellow (syn. of Swan Golden), 550

_Sweet Botan_ (syn. of Abundance, 136; of Berckmans, 159)

Sweet Damson, 550

_Sweet Damson_ (syn. of Fürst Damson, 448; of Horse, 464)

_Sweet Prune_ (syn. of German Prune), 220

Swift, 550

_Swiss_ or _Switzer’s Plum_ (syns. of Suisse), 549

_Swiss Prune_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

_Syrische Pflaume_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

Szillassy Piros, 550

Tabor, G. L., var. orig. by, 207

Tante Anne (syn. of Aunt Ann), 397

_Tardif_ or _Tardive de Chalons_ (syns. of Late Chalons), 480

_Tardive de Chambourcy_ (syn. of Chambourcy), 174

Tardive de Corny, 551

Tardive de Fourqueux, 551

Tardive de Genes, 551

_Tardive de Rivers_ (syn. of Late Rivers), 481

Tardive Musquée, 551

Tarleton, 551

Tatge, 551

Tawny, 551

Taybank, 551

_Tchernaya Arabskaya_ (syn. of Black Arabka), 404

_Tchernaya vengerskaya_ (syn. of Black Prune), 404

Tecumseh, 552

Temperature, phases of, 102

Temple, 552

Tenant or Tennant Prune (syns. of Tennant), 357

Tennant, 357

Tennant, Rev. John, var. orig. by, 357

Tenneha, 552

Tennessee, 552

Tennessee Plum (syn. of Tennessee), 552

Terrell, 552

Terry, 552

Terry, H. A., life of, 242;
var. orig. by, 193, 238, 242, 280, 391, 393, 402, 406, 408, 410,
415, 416, 419, 421, 422, 424, 425, 429, 431, 432, 434, 435,
441, 443, 444, 447, 448, 451, 453, 462, 469, 471, 472, 473,
483, 484, 485, 486, 490, 491, 492, 494, 503, 509, 513, 518,
519, 522, 529, 536, 542, 543, 552, 558, 559, 561, 562, 564,
566, 568

Terry De Soto, 552

Terry’s Desota (syn. of Terry De Soto), 552

_Teutsche blaue Zwetsche_ (syn. of German Prune), 220

Texas Belle, 552

Texas Gauge, 552

Thanksgiving, 553

Thanksgiving Prune (syn. of Thanksgiving), 553

_The Beauty_ (syn. of Corymbus), 423

The Coe’s Plum (syn. of Golden Drop), 229

The Cook’s Choice (syn. of Cook Choice), 422

_The Czar_ (syn. of Czar), 184

The Dosch (syn. of Dosch), 435

The Gem (syn. of Gem), 451

_The Great Damask Plum_ (syn. of Lange Violette Damascene), 479

The Green Damosine Plum (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

The Impératrice Plum (syn. of Impératrice), 249

The Imperial Plum (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

The Myrobalane Plum (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

The Nectarine Plum (syn. of Nectarine), 291

_The New Apricot Plum_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

The Purple Myrobalan (syn. of Pissardi), 516

The St. Julian Plum (syn. of Saint Julien), 335

The Washington Plum (syn. of Washington), 368

The White Impératrice Plum (syn. of White Impératrice), 375

Theresa, 553

Thomas, 553

Thomas October, 553

Thomaspflaume (syn. of Thomas), 553

Thompson’s Golden Green, 553

Thorndyke Gage, 553

Thousand-And-One, 553

Thresher, 553

Throop, 553

Throop, Calvin, var. orig. by, 548

Throop No. 1, 554

Throop No. 2, 554

Throssel, 554

Tillemond, 554

Tinsley, J. H., var. orig. by, 383

_Tobe’s Gage_ (syn. of Deaton), 429

Tobias Gage, 554

_Togari_ (syn. of Kelsey), 258

Togo, 554

Tokeya, 554

Tomato, 554

Tomlingson, 554

Tomlinson’s Charlotte (syn. of Charlotte), 417

Topaz (syn. of Guthrie Topaz), 457

_Topaze de Guthrie_ (syn. of Guthrie Topaz), 457

_Torlo d’Ovo_ or _d’Uovo_ (syns. of Saint Catherine), 334

Towakong, 554

_Townsend_ (syn. of Miner), 281

Trabesche, 555

Trabeshe (syn. of Trabesche), 555

Tragedy, 358

Traer (syn. of De Soto), 189

Tradescant, John, var. orig. by, 326

Tragedy Prune (syn. of Tragedy), 358

Transparent, 360

_Transparent_ (syn. of Macedonia, 488; of Yellow Transparent, 570)

Transparente, 555

_Transparent Gage_, Gage Plum or Green Gage (syns. of Transparent),
360

_Transparent Yellow_ (syn. of Yellow Transparent), 570

Trapps Königspflaume, 555

Traubenpflaume, 555

Trauttenberg, 555

_Trauttenbergs Aprikosenpflaume_ (syn. of Abricotée de Trauttenberg),
391

_Trauttenberg Zuckersüsse_ (syn. of Trauttenberg), 555

Trayer (syn. of De Soto), 189

Trianon, 555

Trinkle, John W., var. orig. by, 555

Trinkle No. 4, 555

_Triomphe Garcon_ or _Valet_; _Trompe Garcon_ or _Valet_;
_Tromp-Valet_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

Trostle, 555

Trotter, Lillian A., var. orig. by, 443

Trotter, Richard, var. orig. by, 473, 484, 511

_Trouvée de Vaunêge_ or Vonêche (syns. of Trouvée de Voueche), 555

Trouvée de Voueche, 555

_True Large German Prune_ (syn. of German Prune), 220

_True Sweet Botan_ (syn. of Berckmans), 159

Truro, 556

Tucker, 556

Tucker, Ezra W., var. orig. by, 556

Tudor, 556

Tupper, var. orig. by, 190

Turkey, 556

Turkey Plumb (syn. of Turkey), 556

Turkie (syn. of Turkey), 556

_Türkische Gelbe Pflaume_ (syn. of Imperial Ottoman), 467

_Türkische Kirsche_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

_Türkische Zwetsche_ (syn. of Hungarian, 246; of Red Date, 322)

_Turkish Prune_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

Turkish Prune, 556

_Turkish Quetsche_ (syn. of German Prune), 220

Turky (syn. of Turkey), 556

Turner, Stephen H., var. orig. by, 552

Twice Bearing, 556

Twins, 557

Tzaueron, 557

_Uchi Bene_; _Uchi-Beni_ (syns. of Berger), 160

_Uchi Beni_ (syn. of Chabot), 172

Ulysses, 557

Uncle Ben, 557

Ungarische (syn. of Ungarish), 361

_Ungarische Blaue Eier_ (syn. of Kaiser Wilhelm), 474

Ungarische Dattelzwetsche (syn. of Hungarian), 246

Ungarische Dattel Zwetsche, 557

_Ungarische Pflaume_, _Sabel Pflaume_ or _Zwetsche_ (syns. of
Hungarian), 246

_Ungarische Späte Bouteillen Zwetsche_ (syn. of Ungarische Dattel
Zwetsche), 557

_Ungarische Zwetsche_ (syn. of Red Date), 322

Ungarish, 361

Ungarish Prune (syn. of Ungarish), 361

Union, 557

_Union Purple_ (syn. of Union), 557

_United States_ (syn. of U. S.), 557

_Ura-Beni_ (syn. of Berger), 160

Uryany, 557

U. S., 557

_Usum Erreck_ (syn. of Traubenpflaume), 555

Utah, 362

Utah Hybrid (syn. of Utah), 362

_Uwase_ (syn. of Shviata Bene), 543

_Vail’s Seedling_ (syn. of Large Golden Prolific), 479

Vakanzpflaume (syn. of September Damask), 542

Valence, 557

Valentia, 558

Valienciennes, 558

Value, 558

Van Benschoten, 558

Van Buren, 558

Van Deman, 558

Van Dieman (syn. of Van Deman), 558

Van Houten, 558

Van Mons, var. orig. by, 158

_Van Mons Königspflaume_ (syn. of Belle), 158

Van Mons’ Red; _Van Mons Red Gage_ (syns. of Belle), 158

Variegated Plum (syn. of Lombard), 268

_Veilchen Pflaume_ (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365

Venetianische Zweimal Tragende, 558

Venus, 558

_Verdacchia rotonda_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Verdacchio, 588

Verdache, 558

_Verdacia_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Verdage D’Italie_ (syn. of Quetsche Verte D’Italie), 525

_Verdoch_; _Verdochia_; _Verdochio_; _Verducia_ (syns. of Reine
Claude), 327

Verdock (syn. of Verdacchio), 558

_Veritable Imperatrice_ (syn. of Imperatrice), 249

Vermilion, 558

Vermilon Hâtif, 559

_Vertage d’Italie tres-grosse_ (syn. of Quetsche Verte D’Italie), 525

_Vert_ or _Verte Bonne_; _Verte d’Espagne_; _Verte Tiquetée_ (syns.
of Reine Claude), 327

Verte à Secher de Knight (syn. of Large Green Drying), 479

_Verte Tardive de Guthrie_ (syn. of Guthrie Late), 236

Vesuvius, 559

Vick, 559

Victoire de Nelson (syn. of Nelson), 503

Victor, 559

Victoria, 362, 559

_Victoria_ (syn. of Sharp, 340; of Victoria, 363)

Victoria-Pflaume; _Victoria’s Kaiserzwetsche_ (syns. of Victoria), 363

Victor Sand Cherry, 559

_Vilmot’s Green Gage_, _Late Green Gage_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

_Vineuse acidule_ (syn. of Winesour), 566

_Vinisour_ (syn. of Winesour), 566

_Violet_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

Violet, 559

Violet Damask (syn. of Damas Violet), 427

_Violet de Tours_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

Violet Diaper, 365

_Violet Diaper_ (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365

_Violet Empress_ (syn. of Imperatrice), 249

_Violet Gage_ (syn. of Purple Gage), 318

Violet Imperial, 559

_Violet Perdrigon_ (syn. of Blue Perdrigon, 164; of Cooper, 423; of
Smith Orleans, 348)

Violet Plumb (syn. of Violet), 559

_Violet Queen Claude_ (syn. of Purple Gage), 318

Violet Royal, 559

_Violette Hâtive_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

_Violette_ (syn. of Imperatrice), 249

Violette (syn. of Violet), 559

Violette Americaine, 559

_Violette Dattelzwetsche_ (syn. of Agen, 138; of Hungarian, 246)

_Violette de Galopin_ (syn. of Galopin), 449

_Violette de Jerusalem_ (syn. of Jerusalem), 472

_Violette de Tours_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

Violette Diaprée (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365

_Violette d’Octobre_ (syn. of Saint Martin), 336

_Violette Fasanenpflaume_, _Fasanen Pflaume_, _Huhnerpflaume_,
_Huhner Pflaume_, or _Rebhuhn Pflaume_; _Violetter Perdrigon_;
_Violettes Rebhühnerei_ (syns. of Blue Perdrigon), 164

Violette Galopin (syn. of Galopin), 449

_Violette Hâtive_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

_Violette Jerusalem_ (syn. of Jerusalem), 472

_Violette Jerusalemspflaume_ (syn. of Jerusalem), 472

_Violette Kaiserin_ (syn. of Dunkelblaue Kaiserin, 437; of
Impératrice, 249)

_Violette Kaiser Pflaume_ (syn. of Blue Egg), 405

Violette Königspflaume (syn. of Early Royal), 201

_Violette October Pflaume_ (syn. of Saint Martin Quetsche), 538

_Violette Octoverpflaume_ (syn. of Saint Martin), 336

_Violette oder Blaue Kaiserpflaume_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

_Violette Oktoberpflaume_ (syn. of Saint Martin), 336

_Violette Queen Claude_; Violette Reine-Claude (syns. of Purple
Gage), 318

Violette Reine-Claude Von Brignais (syn. of Reine Claude de
Brignais), 529

_Violetter Perdrigon_ (syn. of Smith Orleans), 348

_Violette Violen Pflaume_ (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365

Virgata, 559

Virgie, 560

_Virgin_ (syn. of Red Virginal, 529; of White Virginal, 565)

_Virginal à Fruit Blanc_ or _Rouge_, _à gros Fruit blanc_, Blanc;
_Virginale_; _Virginale à Fruit Rouge_; _Virginale Blanc_ or
_Rouge_ (syns. of Red Virginal), 529

_Virginal à gros fruit blanc_; _Virginal blanc_; Virginale;
_Virginale à Fruit Blanc_, _à gros fruit blanc_, Virginale
blanche (syns. of White Virginal), 565

_Virginale_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

_Virginale_ (syn. of Red Virginal), 529

_Virginale Blanche_ (syn. of Yellow Impératrice), 569

Virginia Damson, 560

_Virginian Cherry_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

_Virginische Ludwig’s Pflaume_ (syn. of Hungarian), 246

_Virginische Pflaume_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

_Von Flotows Mirabelle_ (syn. of Mirabelle de Flotow), 497

Von Berlepsch Zwetsche, 560

Von Bose Rote Zwetsche, 560

Von Lade Späte Mirabelle, 560

Von Hartwiss’ Gelbe Zwetsche (syn. of Hartwiss), 459

Von Moro Reine Claude, 460

_Von Trapp’s Königs Pflaume_ (syn. of Trapps Königspflaume), 555

Von Trauttenberg’s Aprikosenpflaume (syn. of Abricotée de
Trauttenberg), 391

Von Trauttenberg’s Zuckersüsse (syn. of Trauttenberg), 555

_Von Wangenheim Pflaume_ (syn. of Wangenheim), 368

Voronesh, 365

Voronesh Blue (syn. of Blue Moldavka), 405

Voronesh Yellow (syn. of Voronesh), 365

Voslauer Zwetsche, 560

Vulcan, 560

Wabash, 560

Wady, 560

_Wady’s Early_ (syn. of Wady), 560

Wager (syn. of Orange), 300

Wagner, 560

Wagner, J. F., var. orig. by, 411, 462, 560

Wagner No. 9 (syn. of Wagner), 560

_Wahre Aprikosen Pflaume_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

_Wahre blaue Eierpflaume_ (syn. of Jerusalem), 472

_Wahre Caledonian_ (syn. of Goliath), 231

Wahre Frühzwetsche, 560

_Wahre Königspflaume_ (syn. of Royal), 534

_Wahre Schlehen Damascene_ (syn. of Damson), 186

Wahre Weisse Diaprée, 561

_Wahre Zwetsche_ (syn. of German Prune), 220

Wakapa, 561

Walker Seedling, 561

Wallace, 561

Wales, 366

Walker, A. W., var. orig. by, 561

Walter, 561

Walter, Herr, var. orig. by, 561

Walther Pflaume, 561

Wangenheim, 367

_Wangenheim Hâtive_, _Wangenheims Frühzwetsche_ (syns. of
Wangenheim), 368

Wangenheims Früh Zwetsche (syn. of Wangenheim), 368

_Waran Erik_ (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504

Ward October Red, 561

Warner, 561

Warner’s Late or Late Red (syns. of Warner), 561

Warren, 561

_Warren_ (syn. of Newman), 292

Washington, 368

_Washington_; _Washington Bolmar_, _Gage_, _Jaune_, _Mammot_, or
_Yellow_ (syns. of Washington), 368

Washington or _Washington Purple_ (syns. of Brevoort Purple), 408

Washington Seedling (syn. of Ives), 470

_Wasse-Botankio_ (syn. of Lutts), 487

_Wasse Botankyo_ (syn. of Sagetsuna), 536

_Wasse Sumomo_ (syn. of Earliest of All), 198

_Wassu_ (syn. of Burbank), 170

Wastesa, 561

Waterloo Pflaume, 561

_Waterloo_ (syn. of Golden Drop, 229; of Kent, 476; of Reine Claude,
327)

_Waterloo of Kent_ (syn. of Kent), 476

Watson, 562

Watson, D. H., var. orig. by, 463, 505, 518, 525, 562, 569

Watts, 562

Watts, Dr. D. S., var. orig. by, 562

Waugh, 562

Waugh, Frank A., life of, 85-86;
quoted, 65, 66, 86, 87, 99, 141, 393

Wax, 562

_Wax Plum_ (syn. of Wax), 562

Wayland, 370

Wayland, Dr., var. orig. by, 288

Wayland, Prof. H. B., var. orig. by, 371

Wazata, 562

Weaver, 372

Weaver, var. orig. by, 372, 476

Webster, J. B., var. orig. by, 416

_Webster Gage_; Webster’s Gage (syns. of Webster Gage), 562

Webster Gage, 562

Weedsport German Prune, 220

Weeping Blood, 562

_Weichharige Schlehen Damascene_ (syn. of Saint Julien), 335

Weinsauerliche Pflaume or Zwetsche (syns. of Winesour), 566

_Weisse Aprikosen Pflaume_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

_Weisse Diaprée_ (syn. of White Perdrigon), 375

_Weisse Hollandische Pflaume_; _Weisse Kaiserin_ or _Magnum Bonum_;
_Weisser Kaiser_ (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Weisse Indische Pflaume_ (syn. of Grüne Dattel Zwetsche), 456

_Weisse Jungfernpflaume_ (syn. of White Virginal), 565

Weisse Kaiserpflaume (syn. of White Imperatrice), 375

_Weisse Kaiser Pflaume_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Weisse Kaiserin, 563

_Weisse Kaiserin_ (syn. of Weisse Kaiserin), 563

_Weisse Königin_ (syn. of White Queen), 564

Weisser Perdrigon; _Weisses Rebhuhnerei_ (syn. of White Perdrigon),
375

_Weisse Zeiberl_ (syn. of Weisses oder Grünes Zeiberl), 562

Weisses oder Grünes Zeiberl, 562

_Weisse Violen Pflaume_ (syn. of Jaspisartige Pflaume), 471

Welch, 562

Welcome, 562

_Wentworth_; Wentworth Plumb (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

Werder’sche Frühzwetsche, 563

Wetherell, 563

Wetherill’s Sweet, 563

_Wetschen_ (syn. of German Prune), 220

Whatisit, 563

Wheat, 563

_Wheaten_; _Wheaton_; Wheat Plum (syns. of Wheat), 563

Whitacre (syn. of Whitaker), 563

Whitaker, 563

Whitby, 563

White Apricot or Apricot Plum (syns. of Apricot), 148

_White Bonum Magnum_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_White Blossomed Sloe_ (syn. of Sloe), 544

White Bullace, 373

White Bulleis (syn. of White Bullace), 373

White Corn, 564

_White Damascene_ or _Damson_; White Damask (syns. of White Damson),
374

White Damask (syn. of Large White Damson, 480; of Small White Damson,
545)

White Damson, 374

White Date or Date Plum (syn. of Date), 428

White Diaper, 564

White Diapred (syn. of Diaprée Blanche), 432

_White Egg_ or _Egg Plum_, _Holland_, _Imperial_ or Imperial Bonum
Magnum, Magnum Bonum, _Mogul_ (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

_White Empress_ (syn. of White Imperatrice), 375

_White-fleshed Botan_ (syn. of Berckmans), 159

_White Gage_ (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347

_White Gage_ (syn. of Yellow Gage), 388

_White Gage_ (syn. of Imperial Gage), 251

_White Gage of Boston_ (syn. of Imperial Gage), 251

White Honey Damson, 564

White Imperatrice, 375

_White Imperatrice_ (syn. of White Imperatrice), 375

_White Indian_ (syn. of Green Indian), 455

_White Kelsey_ (syn. of Georgeson), 218

_White Matchless_ (syn. of Matchless), 492

_White Mirabelle_ or Mirable (syns. of Mirabelle), 284

White Mirobalane (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

White Muscle, 564

_White Mussell_ (syn. of White Muscle), 564

White Mussell (syn. of Muscle), 501

White Nicholas (syn. of Nicholas), 295

White Otschakoff, 564

White Pear, 564

White Peascod, 564

White Perdrigon, 375

_White Perdrigon_ (syn. of White Perdrigon), 375

White Pescod (syn. of White Peascod), 564

White Prune, 564

_White Prune Damson_ (syn. of White Damson), 374

White Prunella (syn. of Sloe), 544

White Queen, 564

White Sweet Damson, 564

White Virginal, 565

_White Virginale_ (syn. of Red Virginal, 529; of White Virginal, 565)

White Wheat, 565

White Wheate (syn. of White Wheat), 565

_White Winter Damson_ (syn. of White Damson), 374

Whitley, 565

_Whitlow_; _Whitton_ (syns. of Wheat), 563

Whyte, 565

Whyte, R. B., var. orig. by, 565

Whyte’s Red Seedling (syn. of Whyte), 565

Wickson, 376

Wickson, E. J., quoted, 75, 76, 548

_Wickson Challenge_ (syn. of Formosa), 447

_Wiener Mirabelle_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

Wier, 565

Wier, D. B., var. orig. by, 466, 468, 469, 565

Wier Large Red (syn. of Wier), 565

Wier No. 50, 565

Wier’s No. 50 (syn. of Wier No. 50), 565

Wier’s Large Red (syn. of Wier), 565

Wiezerka (syn. of Wyzerka), 568

Wilder, 565

Wilde, 565

Wild Goose, 378

Wild Goose Improved, 566

Wildrose, 566

Wilkinson, 566

Willamette (syn. of Pacific), 305

Willamette, 566

Willamette Prune (syn. of Pacific), 305

Willard, 379

Willard, Samuel D., life of, 149;
quoted, 208;
var. orig. by, 214

Willard Japan; _Willard Plum_ (syns. of Willard), 379

_William Dodd_ (syn. of Miner), 281

Williams, 566

Williams, Theodore, var. orig. by, 392, 397, 402, 407, 409, 412, 413,
436, 441, 442, 444, 447, 448, 454, 475, 478, 481, 482, 483,
498, 499, 509, 513, 514, 520, 527, 529, 548, 557, 558, 559,
563, 568, 569

Williamson, H. M., quoted, 305

Wilmeth Late, 566

_Wilmot’s Early Orleans_, _Large Orleans_, _Late Orleans_, _New Early
Orleans_ or _Orleans_ (syns. of Early Orleans), 199

_Wilmot’s Green Gage_, _Late Green Gage_ or _New Green Gage_ (syns.
of Reine Claude), 327

_Wilmot’s Late Orleans_ (syn. of Goliath), 231

_Wilmot’s Russian_ (syn. of Red Date), 322

Wilson, 566

Wine Plum, 566

_Winesour_ (syn. of Winesour), 566

Winesour, 566

_Winesour Plum_ (syn. of Winesour), 566

Winnebago, 566

Winslow, Edward, quoted, 93

Winsor, E. W., var. orig. by, 393, 402

Winter Creke, 567

Winter Damson, 567

_Winter Damson_ (syn. of Winter Damson), 567

Wiseman, 567

Wiseman’s Prune (syn. of Wiseman), 567

_W. J. Bryan_ (syn. of Bryan), 410

Wohanka, 567

Wolf, 380

Wolf, D. B., var. orig. by, 380

Wolf and Japan, 567

Wolf Cling (syn. of Wolf Clingstone), 567

Wolf Clingstone, 567

_Wolf Free_ or _Freestone_ (syns. of Wolf), 380

_Wonder_ (syn. of Osage), 510

Wood, 381

Wood, Joseph, var. orig. by, 382

Woolston, 567

_Woolston Black_; Woolston Black Gage; _Woolston’s Black Gage_;
Woolston’s Violette Reine-Claude (syns. of Woolston), 567

Woolston Gage (syn. of Woolston), 567

Wooster, 567

Wooten, 568

Wootton (syn. of Wooten), 568

World Beater, 383

Worth, 568

_Worth_ (syn. of Royal Tours), 332

Wragg, 568

Wragg, John, var. orig. by, 477

Wragg Freestone, 568

Wunder von New York, 568

Wyandotte, 568

Wyant, 384

Wyant, J. B., var. orig. by, 384

Wyant and Japan, 568

Wyckoff, 568

Wyedale, 568

Wyzerka, 568

Yates, 569

_Yeddo_ (syn. of Georgeson), 218

Yellow Americana, 569

_Yellow Apricot_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

_Yellow Aubert_ (syn. of Aubert), 397

_Yellow Bonum Magnum_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Yellow Damask_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 195

_Yellow Damson_ (syn. of White Damson), 374

Yellow Date (syn. of Date), 428

Yellow Diaprée (syn. of Diaprée Blanche), 432

Yellow Egg, 385, 569

_Yellow Egg_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Yellow Egg group, 32;
origin of, 32;
specific characters of, 32

_Yellow Fleshed Botan_ (syn. of Abundance), 136

Yellow Gage, 388

_Yellow Gage_ (syn. of Drap d’Or, 195; of Small Reine Claude, 347)

Yellow Impératrice, 569

_Yellow Impératrice_ (syn. of Yellow Impératrice), 569

Yellow Imperial, 569

Yellow Jack, 569

_Yellow Japan_ (syn. of Abundance, 136; of Chabot, 172)

Yellow Jerusalem, 569

Yellow Magnum Bonum, 570

_Yellow Magnum Bonum_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Yellow Moldavka (syn. of Voronesh), 365

Yellow Nagate, 570

_Yellow Nagate_ (syn. of Ogon), 298

Yellow Oregon, 570

Yellow Panhandle, 570

_Yellow Perdrigon_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 195

Yellow Plum, 59

Yellow Roman Bullace, 570

_Yellow St. Catharine_ (syn. of Saint Catherine), 334

Yellow Sweet, 570

Yellow Transparent, 570

Yellow Voronesh (syn. of Voronesh), 365

Yellow Wildgoose, 570

Yellow Yosemite, 570

Yellow, 43 Fischer, 569

Yohe, 571

Yohes Eagle (syn. of Yohe), 571

_Yonemomo_; _Yonesmomo_ (syns. of Satsuma), 337

_Yorkshire Winesour_ (syn. Winesour), 566

York State Prune, 571

_York State Prune_ (syn. of York State Prune), 571

_Yosebe_ (syn. of Earliest of All), 198

Yosemite (syn. of Purple Yosemite, 521; of Yellow Yosemite, 570)

Yosemite Purple (syn. of Purple Yosemite), 521

Yosemite Yellow (syn. of Yellow Yosemite), 570

Yosete (syn. of Earliest of All), 198

_Yosobe_ (syn. of Earliest of All), 198

Young, 571

Youngken Golden; _Younken’s Golden Cherry_; Yunkin Golden (syns. of
Golden Cherry), 228

_Young’s Seedling_ (syn. of Young), 571

_Young’s Superior Egg_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Yukon, 571

Yuteca, 571

Zahlbruckner Damascene, 571

_Zahlbruckner’s Violette Damascene_ (syn. of Zahlbruckner Damascene),
571

Zekanta, 571

_Zipperle_ or _Zipperlein_ (syns. of Damson), 186

Zuccherino (syn. of Damaschino Estivo), 426

Zucchetta Gialla, 571

_Zucker Zwetsche_ (syn. of Red Date), 322

Zulu, 571

Zuzac, 571

_Zweimal Blühende und Zweimal Tragende Bunte Pflaume_ (syn. of Twice
Bearing), 556

Zweimal Tragende (syn. of Twice Bearing), 556

Zwergpflaume, 571

_Zwespe_ (syn. of German Prune), 220

_Zwetsche_, _Zwetschen_ or _Zwetschke_ (syns. of German Prune), 220

_Zwetsche Frühe Von Buhlerthal_ (syn. of Quetsche Précoce de
Buhlerthal), 524

_Zwetsche Leipziger_ (syn. of Merunka), 494

Zwetsche Professor Wittmack, 572

_Zwetsche Ungarische_ (syn. of Ungarish), 361

_Zwetsche von Dätlikon_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

Zwetsche Von der Worms, 572

Zwetsche Von Létricourt (syn. of Quetsche Dr. Létricourt), 524

FOOTNOTES

[1] Bailey, L. H. _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:43. 1892.

[2] Heideman, C. W. H. _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 187. 1895.

[3] Waugh, F. A. _Vt. Sta. Bul._ 53. 1896.

[4] Bechstein _Forstbot._ Ed. 5. 424. 1843.

[5] Schneider, C. K. _Hand. Laub._ 631. 1906.

[6] Bailey, L. H. _Cyc. Am. Hort._ 1447. 1901; Hudson _Fl. Anglic._ 212. 1778.

[7] Heer _Pflanz. Pfahlb._ 27, fig. 16.

[8] Bostock and Riley _Nat. Hist. of Pliny._ =3=:294. 1892.

[9] Koch, K. _Dend._ =1=:94, 96. 1869. Ledebour. _Fl. Ross._ =2=:5. 1829. Boissier. _Fl. Orient._ =2=:652.

[10] Koch, K. _Deut. Obst._ 146. 1876.

[11] Kalm, Peter _Travels into North America_ =3=:240. 1771.

[12] _Watson’s Annals of Philadelphia_ =1=:17. 1844.

[13] _Mass. Hist. Soc. Collections_, 1st Ser. =1=:118.

[14] Josselyn, John, Gent. _New England Rarities_ London. 1672.

[15] Samuel Deane, D.D. _The New England Farmer or Georgical Dictionary_ 265. 1797.

[16] Beverly, Robert _History of Virginia_ 279. 1722. Reprint 1855.

[17] Lawson, John _History of North Carolina_ 110. 1714.

[18] Ramsey’s _History of South Carolina_ =2=:128, 129, Ed. 1858.

[19] Forbes, James Grant _Sketches of the Floridas_ 87, 91, 170. 1821.

[20] In 1763 Dr. Andrew Turnbull established a colony of fifteen hundred Greeks and Minorcans at New Smyrna, Florida, for the cultivation of sugar and indigo. But they cultivated other plants as well, among the fruits grown there being the grape, peach, plum, fig, pomegranate, olive and orange. Forbes, James Grant _Sketches of the Floridas_ 91. 1821.

[21] Bartram, William _Travels Through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, etc._ Dublin: 1793.

[22] Prince, William _Treatise of Horticulture_ 24. 1828.

[23] _Ibid._ p. 28.

[24] Prince, William _Treatise of Horticulture_ 23. 1828.

[25] The frontispiece of _The Plums of New York_, showing a likeness of William Robert Prince, dedicates the book to this distinguished American pomologist. It is appropriate that the following biographical sketch of Mr. Prince, written for _The Grapes of New York_, should be reprinted here. “William Robert Prince, fourth proprietor of the Prince Nursery and Linnaean Botanic Garden, Flushing, Long Island, was born in 1795 and died in 1869. Prince was without question the most capable horticulturist of his time and an economic botanist of note. His love of horticulture and botany was a heritage from at least three paternal ancestors, all noted in these branches of science, and all of whom he apparently surpassed in mental capacity, intellectual training and energy. He was a prolific writer, being the author of three horticultural works which will always take high rank among those of Prince’s time. These were: _A Treatise on the Vine_, _Pomological Manual_, in two volumes, and the _Manual of Roses_, beside which he was a lifelong contributor to the horticultural press. All of Prince’s writings are characterized by a clear, vigorous style and by accuracy in statement. His works are almost wholly lacking the ornate and pretentious furbelows of most of his contemporaries though it must be confessed that he fell into the then common fault of following European writers somewhat slavishly. During the lifetime of William R. Prince, and that of his father, William Prince, who died in 1842, the Prince Nursery at Flushing was the center of the horticultural nursery interests of the country; it was the clearing-house for foreign and American horticultural plants, for new varieties and for information regarding plants of all kinds.”

[26] Manning, Robert _Hist. Mass. Hort. Soc._ 33. 1880.

[27] Coxe, William _A View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees_ 6. 1817.

[28] Landreth’s _Rural Register and Almanac_. 1872 and 1874.

[29] _Bulletin of the Essex Institute_ =2=:23.

[30] Downing, A. J. _Hovey’s Mag._ =3=:5. 1837.

[31] _Boston Palladium_, Sept. 9, 1822.

[32] The horticultural books published in America between 1779 and 1825 were: _The Gardener’s Kalender_ by Mrs. Martha Logan, Charleston: 1779; _The American Gardener_ by John Gardiner and David Hepburn, Washington: 1804; _The American Gardener’s Calendar_ by Bernard McMahon, Philadelphia: 1806; _A View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees_ by William Cox, Philadelphia: 1817; _The American Practical Gardener_ by an Old Gardener, Baltimore: 1819; _The Gentleman’s and Gardener’s Kalendar_ by Grant Thorburn, New York: 1821; _American Gardener_ by William Cobbett, New York: 1819; and _The American Orchardist_ by James Thacher, M. D., Boston: 1822.

[33] During the quarter ending in 1825 two agricultural publications were in existence in the United States: _The American Farmer_, established in Baltimore in 1819, and the _New England Farmer_, founded in Boston in 1822. To these should be added the _Massachusetts Agricultural Repository_, not a journal in the strict sense of the word but published by the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture, established in 1793, and continued until the _New England Farmer_ was started in 1822. The Repository was the first agricultural periodical of the New World.

[34] At least three agricultural societies were founded soon after the close of the Revolution; the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture and the Agricultural Society of South Carolina were founded in 1785, and the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture in 1792, while the first strictly horticultural society, the New York Horticultural Society, was not established until 1818.

[35] _P. domestica cereola_ L. (_Sp. Pl._ 475. 1753), _P. claudiana_ Poir. (_Lam. Encycl._ =5=:677. 1804), _P. italica_ Borkh. (_Handb. Forstb._ =11=:1409. 1803).

[36] For a bibliography of this group see an article by Waugh in _Gard. Chron._ =24=:465. 1898.

[37] Koch, K. _Deut. Obst._ 149. 1876.

[38] Schneider, C. K. _Hand. der Laub._ 630. 1906.

[39] Columella =10=: lines 404-406.

[40] _The Natural History of Pliny._ Translated by John Bostock and H. T. Riley =3=:294. London: 1892.

[41] Hogg, Robert _The Fruit Manual_ Ed. =5=:704. 1884.

[42] Targioni-Tozzetti, Antonio, _Cenni storici sulla introduzione di varie piante nell’ agricoltura ed horticultura Toscana_. Florence: 1850.

[43] Parkinson, John _Paradisus Terrestris_ 576. 1629.

[44] Rea, John _A Complete Florilege_ 208. 1676.

[45] Ray _Historia Plantarum_ =2=:1529. 1688.

[46] Gallesio, Giorgio =2=: (Pages not numbered). 1839.

[47] Phillips, Henry _Comp. Orch._ 306. 1831.

[48] These are the plums which Linnaeus called _Prunus domestica galatensis_ (_Sp. Pl._ 475. 1753); Seringe, _Prunus domestica pruneayliana_ (_DC. Prodr._ =2=:533. 1825); and Borkhausen, _Prunus œconomica_ (_Handb. Forstb._ =2=:1401. 1803).

[49] Prince, William _A Short Treatise on Horticulture_ 27. 1828.

[50] “Of the prune, or, as they are termed in German, ‘Quetsche,’ there are a number of varieties, all which are of fine size, and considered as the best plums for drying as prunes; this is one of the largest of the varieties; the principal characteristic of these plums is that the flesh is sweet and agreeable when dried. I am informed that the ‘Italian Prune’ ranks highest as a table fruit when plucked from the tree. The process of drying prunes seems to be so very easy that I should suppose it might be undertaken in this country with a certainty of success, and so as to totally supersede the importation of that article.” _Ibid._

[51] _United States Patent Office Report_: xxix. 1854. The following description of this distribution is of interest: “The scions of two varieties of prunes, ‘Prunier d’Agen,’ and ‘Prunier Sainte Catherine,’ have been imported from France, and distributed principally in the states north of Pennsylvania, and certain districts bordering on the range of the Allegany Mountains, in order to be engrafted upon the common plum. These regions were made choice of in consequence of their being freer from the ravages of the curculio, which is so destructive to the plum tree in other parts as often to cut off the entire crop. It has been estimated that the State of Maine, alone, where this insect is rarely seen, is capable of raising dried prunes sufficient to supply the wants of the whole Union.”

[52] Wickson, E. J. _California Fruits_ Ed. =2=:82. 1891.

[53] Hedrick, U. P. in Bailey’s _Cyclopedia American Horticulture_ 1440. 1901.

[54] Miller says in his _Gardener’s Dictionary_ of the variety Perdrigon, “Hakluyt in 1582, says, of later time the plum called the Perdigwena was procured out of Italy, with two kinds more, by the Lord Cromwell, after his travel.” Miller, Philip _Gardener’s Dictionary_. Edited by Thomas Martyn, =2=: (no page). 1707.

[55] In the first edition of _Species Plantarum_ Linnaeus called these plums _Prunus domestica pernicona_; in the second edition the varietal name was changed to “Pertizone.” In the Prodromus Seringe designates the group as _Prunus domestica touronensis_.

[56] The _Prunus domestica aubertiana_ of Seringe. (_DC. Prodr._ =2=:533. 1825.)

[57] Rea, John _A Complete Florilege_ 209. 1676.

[58] Parkinson, John _Paradisus Terrestris_ 576. 1629.

[59] Koch, K. _Deut. Obst._ 560. 1876.

[60] Bauhin _Pin._ 443 _n_ 23.

[61] _Bul. Soc. Dauph._ fasc. VIII. 1881.

[62] _Ibid._

[63] _Dendrol._ 316. 1893.

[64] _Rhein. Reise-Fl._ 67. 1857.

[65] _Handb. Laubh._ =1=: 631. 1906.

[66] Pickering, Charles _Chron. Hist. Plants_. 218. 1879.

[67] Heer _Pflanz. Pfahl._ 27, fig. 16c.

[68] Hooker _Fl. Brit. Ind._ =2=: 315. 1879.

[69] The reader who desires fuller information regarding the botany of this species should consult the references given with the botanical description of _Prunus insititia_.

[70] McMahon, Bernard _Gardener’s Calendar_ 587. 1806.

[71] Samuel Deane, D.D. _New England Farmer_ 265. 1797.

[72] Koch, Karl _Deut. Obst._ 150. 1876.

[73] This subject is well discussed in an article by E. A. Carrière in _Revue Horticole_ 438. 1892.

[74] _Handb. Laubh._ 628. 1906.

[75] _Fl. Siles._ =1=:2, 10. 1829.

[76] _Fl. Nied. Ostr._ 819. 1890.

[77] _Fl. Siles._ =1=:2, 10. 1829.

[78] _Enum. Pl. Trans._ 178. 1866.

[79] _Handb. Laubh._ =1=:630. 1906.

[80] _Flora_ =9=:748. 1826.

[81] _Sched. Crit._ 217. 1822.

[82] _Boiss. Diag._ 2nd Ser. 96. 1856.

[83] _Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien._ 435. 1864.

[84] _Flor. Or._ =11=:625. 1872.

[85] In pre-Linnaean literature _Prunus cerasifera_ is mentioned by Clusius as _Prunus myrobalanus_ (_Rar. Plant. Hist._ 46 fig. 1601), and by Tournefort under the same name (_Inst. Rei Herb._ 622. 1700).

[86] Ledebour _Ind. Hort. Dorp._ Suppl. 6. 1824.

[87] Schneider _Handb. Laubh._ 632. 1906.

[88] Dippel _Handb. Laubh._ =3=:633. 1893.

[89] Jack _Gar. and For._ =5=:64. 1892.

[90] Bailey _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:34. 1892.

[91] _Handb. Laubh._ =1=:633. 1906.

[92] _Beitr. Nat._ =6=:90. 1791.

[93] _Handb. Forstb._ =11=:1392. 1803.

[94] _Fedde Repert._ =1=:50. 1905.

[95] _Pl. David_ =2=:33. 1888.

[96] _Ill. Bot. His. Mountains and Fl. of Cash._ =1=:239. 1839.

[97] Several apricots and the loquat of southern Japan are also called Japanese plums. The name Triflora for common usage avoids this confusion and conforms with the growing usage in horticulture of using the specific name alone.

[98] Bailey says, (_Cornell Sta. Bul._ =62=:6. 1894) speaking of these specimens: “I have no hesitation in saying that our Japanese plums are the same.” The writer examined the specimens in the summer of 1909 and recognized them at once to be the same as the cultivated Triflora plums.

[99] February 23, 1909.

[100] pp. 10, 45.

[101] March 12, 1909.

[102] _Fl. Indica_ 501. 1824.

[103] Forbes and Hemsley _Jour. Linn. Soc._ =23=:219. 1886-88.

[104] _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =62=:3. 1894.

[105] Berckmans, L. A. _Rpt. Ga. Hort. Soc._ 15. 1889.

[106] Bailey, L. H. _Cornell Sta. Buls._ =62=, =106=, =139=, =175=.

[107] Waugh, F. A. _Plum Cult._ 1901.

[108] Georgeson, C. C. _Amer. Gard._ =12=:74. 1891.

[109] For references and synonymy see the Simon plum.

[110] Carrière, E. A. _Rev. Hort._ 152. 1891.

[111] The New York Agricultural Experiment Station stands on the site of the old Indian village of Kanadasaga, founded by the Seneca Indians. The records of Sullivan’s raid just after the Revolution show that when this village was destroyed by the Whites there were orchards of apples and plums (see Conover’s _Kanadasaga and Geneva_ (Mss.) Hobart College) crudely cultivated. On the adjoining farm of Mr. Henry Loomis descendants of these old trees still grow. The plums are Americanas, and Mr. Loomis, now in his 94th year, says that when a boy the Indians and Whites alike gathered them, soaked them in lye to remove the astringency of the skins and then cooked, dried or otherwise preserved them.

[112] Poiteau =1=: (Unpaged). 1846.

[113] Waugh, F. A. _Plum Cult._ 51, 282-307. 1901.

[114] Goff, E. S. _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:4. 1897.

[115] The _Prunus mollis_ of Torrey (_Fl. U. S._ =1=:470. 1824) was _Prunus nigra_, as Torrey’s specimen, now in the herbarium of Columbia University, plainly shows.

[116] A brief account of the life of Liberty Hyde Bailey appeared in _The Grapes of New York_ (page 142), but his work with plums deserves further mention. The foundation of our present knowledge of the cultivated species and races of American and Triflora plums was laid by the comprehensive study of these fruits made by Bailey in the closing decade of the Nineteenth Century. His examination of plums may be said to have begun in 1886 with the setting of an orchard of native plums—probably the first general collection of these plums planted—on the grounds of the Michigan Agricultural College, Lansing, Michigan. The results of his studies have largely appeared in the publications of the Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station, the first of which was _The Cultivated Native Plums and Cherries_ published in 1892; _The Japanese Plums_, 1894; _Revised Opinions of the Japanese Plums_, 1896; _Third Report upon Japanese Plums_, 1897; _Notes upon Plums_, 1897. Beside these bulletins a monograph of the native plums was published in _The Evolution of our Native Fruits_ in 1898 and a brief but complete monograph of the Genus Prunus in the _Cyclopedia of American Horticulture_ in 1901. These are but the chief titles under which his studies of plums have appeared, several minor contributions having been printed from time to time in the horticultural press. While Dr. Bailey has given especial attention to all fruits grown in eastern America, it is probable that pomology is most indebted to him for his long and painstaking work with the difficult Genus Prunus with which he has done much to set the varieties and species in order.

[117] _Bot. Gaz._ =24=:462. 1896; _Cornell Sta. Bul._ 170. 1897; _Ev. Nat. Fruits_ 194-208. 1898.

[118] _Gar. and For._ =10=:340, 350. 1897. _Plum Cult._ 60-66. 1901.

[119] Waugh, F. A. _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:277. 1900-01.

[120] Hakluyt _Voyages_ =3=:258.

[121] _Torrey Bot. Club Bul._ =21=:301. 1894.

[122] _Silva of North America_ =4=:28. 1893.

[123] Jack, J. G. _Gard. and For._ =7=:206. 1894.

[124] _Gar. and For._ =3=:625. 1890.

[125] Sandberg, J. H. _Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb._ =3=:221. 1895.

[126] Coville, F. V. _Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb._ =5=:99. 1897; and Chestnut, V. K. _Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb._ =7=:356. 1902.

[127] Wickson, E. J. _California Fruits_ 52. 1891.

[128] Wickson, E. J. _Calif. Fruits_ Ed. =4=:35. 1909.

[129] _Pittonia_ =3=:21. 1896.

[130] The first published account of this plum is a brief non-technical description of it by Dr. Kellogg in _Hutching’s Mag._ =5=:7. 1859.

[131] _Torrey Bot. Club Bul._ =25=:149. 1898.

[132] The writer has examined the type specimen of Michaux’s _Prunus chicasa_ in the herbarium of the _Jardin des Plants_ in Paris and found it, though incomplete and poorly preserved, plainly not _Prunus angustifolia_ but more likely some form of _Prunus umbellata_. Undoubtedly, however, the references which follow Michaux’s are to _Prunus angustifolia_.

[133] “The Chicasaw plumb I think must be excepted, for though certainly a native of America, yet I never saw it wild in the forest, but always in old deserted Indian plantations: I suppose it to have been brought from the S. W. beyond the Mississippi, by the Chicasaws.” Bartram _Travels Through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, etc._ 38. 1793.

[134] Bailey _Ev. Nat. Fr._ 193. 1898.

[135] “The wild Plums of America are of several sorts. Those which I can give an account of from my own Knowledge, I will, and leave the others till a farther Discovery. The most frequent is that which we call the common _Indian_ Plum, of which there are two sorts, if not more. One of these is ripe much sooner than the other, and differs in the bark; one of the barks being very scaly, like our _American_ Birch. These Trees, when in Blossom, smell as sweet as any Jessamine, and look as white as a Sheet, being something prickly. You may make it grow to what Shape you please; they are very ornamental about a House, and make a wonderful fine Shew at a Distance, in the Spring, because of their white Livery. Their Fruit is red, and very palatable to the sick. They are of a quick Growth, and will bear from the Stone in five years, on their Stock.” Lawson, John _History of Carolina_ 105. 1714.

[136] “The third was known among the later colonists as the Indian cherry and was the product of a tree hardly exceeded by the English peach tree in girth and height, and showing an inclination for the soil of the valleys of the rivers, and of the narrow bottoms of the smaller streams. This variety was considered to be of extraordinary excellence in flavor; when ripe it was colored a dark purple, and there was only a single cherry to the stalk. There were two varieties of plums, resembling, both in size and taste, the English Damson.” Bruce, Philip Alexander _Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century_ =1=:94. 1896.

[137] Frank A. Waugh was born in Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin, July 8, 1869. On his father’s side he is of Scotch descent, though the family has long been in America; his mother came from Germany. He was educated in the public schools of Kansas and in the Kansas State Agricultural College, graduating from the latter place in 1891. In 1893 he became professor of horticulture in the Oklahoma Agricultural College and horticulturist at the Experiment Station, a place which he held for nearly three years, going late in 1895 to take the same position in the University of Vermont. After eight years of arduous service in Vermont, during which time he became well known by his writings on horticultural, botanical and agricultural subjects, he left Vermont to take charge of horticulture in the Massachusetts Agricultural College and the Hatch Experiment Station. Professor Waugh’s study of plums began in the West, Kansas and Oklahoma, but his reports in regard to this fruit have come from Vermont where his work has been mainly done. The chief titles under which his studies have been published in the bulletins and annual reports of the Vermont Station are: _The Pollination of Plums_, _Classification of Plums_, _A Monograph of the Wayland Group of Plums_, _Hybrid Plums_, _Types of European Plums_, _Propagation of Plums_, _The Myrobalan Plums_, _A Review of the Americana Plums_ and _The Grouping of Japanese-Hybrid Plums_. In 1901 he published _Plums and Plum Culture_, a popular presentation of the various phases of his botanical and horticultural work with this fruit. The titles given do not represent the extent of his studies with this fruit for there were third and fourth reports upon several of the subjects mentioned. In particular he has been helpful to American pomology in the classification of native plums, in his study of sex in plums and in setting forth the hardiness of the various species and groups. Besides his papers on plums, Professor Waugh’s chief contributions to horticulture have been a book entitled _Fruit Harvesting, Storing, Marketing_, another under the title _Systematic Pomology_ and two works on apples. He has also published two books on Landscape Gardening which have given him high standing in this division of horticulture. Professor Waugh will long be remembered in horticulture for the great extent of his work, for his versatility in the profession and for his ability to present well to both readers and hearers, either technically or popularly, horticultural knowledge.

[138] “The Sand Plums” _Country Gentleman_, Jan. 27, 1898.

[139] Thomas Volney Munson, after whom it has been a pleasure to name this species, though best known as a viticulturist, has also rendered invaluable service to plum-culture. A sketch of his life appeared in _The Grapes of New York_ (page 122) in which his services to viticulture were briefly mentioned. While his name is not commonly connected with the study of plums, it is not too much to say that without his aid the publications of those who have written during the last quarter century on native plums would have lacked much of the information they contain in regard to the species of the Southwest. He has an intimate knowledge of the wild plums of Texas and has freely given of it to all who have asked, often supplementing information with herbarium specimens or plants. The authors of _The Plums of New York_ wish to give him credit for much of the information, furnished directly or indirectly, in regard to the wild and cultivated plums of the region in which he lives, in recognition of which his name is given to one of the most important species of native plums. Mr. Munson has grown and introduced a number of hybrid plums of note, chief of those of his own growing being Nimon, Minco and Burford. Many of his experiments in hybridizing plums, though unproductive of new varieties, are of much value as a guide to other workers with this fruit.

[140] Lawson, John _History of Carolina_ 105. 1714.

[141] Waugh _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:235. 1899. Bailey _Cyc. Am. Hort._ 1449. 1901.

[142] _Cont. Bot. Lab. University of Pa._ =2=:216. 1899-1900.

[143] DeVries, Hugo _Species and Varieties, etc._ 57. 1905.

[144] The references given contain these quotations.

[145] Waugh, F. A. _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =11=:273. 1897-98.

[146] Hedrick. U. P; _The Relation of Weather to the Setting of Fruit_. Bul. 299. 1908.

[147] Waugh, F. A. _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =53=:51. 1896.

[148] Goff, E. S. _Wis. Sta. An. Rpt._ =18=:302. 1901.

[149] Waugh, F. A. _Plum Cult._ 297-300. 1901.

[150] Hansen, N. E. _S. D. Sta. Bul._ =93=:67. 1905.

[151] Carrière, E. A. Prunier Saint Julien. _Revue Horticole_ 438-439. 1892.

[152] Waugh _Plum Cult._ 247. 1901.

[153] Hansen, N. E. _S. D. Sta. Bul._ 87. 1904. _Ibid._ =93=:68. 1905.

[154] Wickson, E. J. _California Fruits_ 348. 1891.

[155] A prune is a dried plum. The requisite for a prune-making plum is that it have a large proportion of solids, particularly sugar. Comparatively few varieties of plums bear sufficient amounts of solids so that they may be successfully cured into a firm, long-keeping product. Only varieties of the Domesticas are used in making prunes, though possibly some of the Insititias might be so used. Prunes are chiefly used in cookery though some of the finer grades from France are sold as confections.

Prunes are either dried in the sun as in California; partially cooked in ovens and the curing completed indoors, as in European countries; or wholly dried in evaporators, as in the Pacific Northwest. Sun-drying is the most economical method where the climate permits. The half cooking does not make so attractive a product but when skillfully done the prunes are possibly more palatable, as the cooked flavor is liked by consumers. Beyond question the best prunes are made, however, all things considered, in well-managed evaporators. In evaporators the changes of curing take place most perfectly and uniformly so that, as a rule, the prune looks better, keeps longer, is not so tough and has a more natural taste of the green fruit.

In prune-making the fruit is allowed to remain on the trees until ripe enough to fall to the ground, as the maximum proportion of solids is thus obtained. After picking, the plums are passed over graders to remove rubbish and to secure uniformity in size, this being essential to obtain evenness in curing, since the small fruits dry more rapidly than large ones. Usually before evaporation begins the fruit is dipped in boiling lye or pricked by needles in a pricking machine to make tender the tough skin and so allow the moisture to escape more readily. The dipping consists of immersing the fruit for a minute or less in a solution of lye in the proportion of 1 pound of concentrated lye to from 10 to 50 gallons of water maintained at the boiling point. The fruit is carried mechanically through the lye vat and a rinser by a modified endless chain, or it may be dipped in wire baskets. After rinsing the plums are ready for curing.

Exposure to the sun in curing varies from five to twelve days, depending upon the heat of the sun and the size and the variety of the plum. Curing in evaporators varies with the fruit and with the make of the machine. In general the temperature in the evaporator is from 120° to 140° at the start, increasing to from 160° to 180° and decreasing when the prunes are taken out. Too much heat at first causes the cells of the fruit to burst, thereby producing drip and discoloration. Important factors in evaporating in machines are the circulation of air, convenience, cost of fuel and power. The time required for curing ranges from twelve hours for a small plum to forty-eight hours for a large, juicy one. If not cured enough fermentation and molding result; if cured too much the weight is lessened, the quality is injured, the prune is harsh and coarse and has a dried up appearance.

When sufficiently dried the prunes are put in bins or piles to sweat, a process taking from one to three weeks, after which they are graded, processed and packed. In grading, the prunes are separated into sizes indicating the number of prunes required to make a pound, as 30’s to 40’s, 40’s to 50’s and so on to the smallest size, 120’s to 130’s. The processing is done by dipping the prunes in boiling water and glycerine or by steaming or by using some special preparation in the final dipping or by rattling in a revolving cylinder. Processing is reputable if it adds beauty to the color, or kills insects’ eggs or sterilizes the prunes. It is disreputable when the aim is to add to the weight. The best prunes are packed in boxes, in which process lining with paper, filling facing, pressing and labeling are important details. A well cured prune is soft and spongy, the pit is loose but does not rattle, the skin is bright, the product is free from drippings or exudation, the flesh is meaty, elastic, and of a bright, lively color.

The custom has been to bleach light colored prunes with sulphur fumes. This process injures the quality and possibly makes the product somewhat poisonous. Sulphuring is now regulated by the Federal Pure Food Law.

If poorly managed or if the plums are not of the best, several difficulties are encountered in curing prunes. Thus, a syrupy liquid sometimes oozes from the prunes, besmearing and making unattractive the final product. Again, the finished prunes may be covered with globules of sugar, rendering them sticky and destroying the lustre. Fruit grown on poor soils, on unhealthy trees or picked green may cure into small prunes of an abnormal shape called “Frogs” or they may ferment and swell up in large soft prunes called “Bloaters.”