Chapter IV: The Minor Varieties of Plums (3)

=Denton.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =13=:279. 1871.

A variety introduced many years ago by J. W. Kerr; it closely resembles Yellow Transparent, but is a much smaller tree.

=Derbyshire Green Gage.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 148. 1831.

=Deron.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 146. 1831.

Deron’s.

=De Seigneur.= Species? =1.= _Guide Prat._ 161, 355. 1895.

_De Prince_ (_en Lorraine_) 1.

Tree productive; fruit small, roundish, bluish; bloom heavy; flesh green, fine-grained, juicy, sweet; good; late.

=Des Moines.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 147. 1901.

Originated in Iowa. Fruit small, round-oval; suture a line; dull red over yellow; dots many, minute; flesh yellow; quality poor; stone small, semi-free; mid-season.

=Dewey.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =2.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 136. 1903.

Admiral Dewey 1, 2.

A seedling of De Soto grown by H. A. Terry of Crescent, Iowa. Fruit large, round, dark red on an orange ground; clingstone; tree productive.

=Diademe Imperial-Isabelle.= Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889.

=Diamond.= Americana. =1.= _Neb. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 121. 1890.

A seedling grown by John A. Hogg, Shelton, Nebraska, about 1880 from pits of a wild plum found in Buffalo County, Nebraska. According to Mr. Hogg, the variety “grows fully as large as most of the tame varieties; ripens the last of September and when fully ripe gets bright red on one side.”

=Diana.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:35. 1897. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:268. 1900.

A plum of the Van Buren type grown from a seed of Hawkeye by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1893. Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading; fruit truncate, conical or oval; suture distinct; cavity small, shallow; stem short, stout; yellow, washed and spotted with purple-red; dots indistinct; bloom thin; skin thick and tough; flesh yellow, meaty, sweet and rich; good; stone large, flat, oval, clinging; mid-season.

=Diapree Blanche.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 578. 1629. =2.= Langley _Pomona_ 95, Pl. XXIV fig. IV. 1729. =3.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:104, Pl. XX fig. 11. 1768. =4.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:44, Tab. 198 fig. 2. 1796. =5.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:500. 1860. =6.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 405. 1881.

_Diaper’d Plumb_ 2. _Diaprée Blanche_ 4. Diaprée Weisse 6. Die Weisse Buntfarbige Pflaume 4. Prune Diaprée Blanche 5. White Diapred 1. Yellow Diaprée 2.

This plum has been mentioned by European writers for three centuries. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture a line; cavity nearly lacking; skin tough; yellow; bloom thin; flesh firm, yellow, sweet, rich; quality good; mid-season.

=Diapree Nouvelle De Kook.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:155. 1873. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 438. 1889.

_Kook’s Gelbe Diaprée_ 2. _Kooks Neue Diapre_ 1. Kook’s Neue Diaprée 2.

This plum originated as a second generation seedling with a Mr. Kook of New Brauenfels, Texas, and was named by Liegel to whom he submitted the variety. The fruit is small, oval; cavity small; skin clear yellow; flesh yellow, tender, aromatic; quality good; stone free; season early.

=Dictator.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =6=:92. 1840. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 403. 1857. =3.= _Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 55. 1878.

Corse’s Dictator 3.

A seedling raised by Henry Corse of Montreal about 1834. Tree hardy, vigorous; fruit large, brownish-purple; flesh juicy, rich; good; stone small.

=Diel Grosse Weisse Damascene.= Insititia? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889.

_Ak Erik_ 1. _Al Erik_ 1. _Dschau Erik_ 1. _Frühe Weisse Aprikosenpflaume_ 1. _Gros-Damas Blanc._

Mentioned without description in the preceding reference.

=Dine.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629.

Fruit large, white; dots numerous; late.

=Dittisham.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 146. 1831.

Mentioned as cultivated in the London Horticultural Society Gardens.

=Dixie.= Triflora. =1.= _Horticultural Gleaner_ 1899.

Grown about 1894 in the vicinity of Whitesville, Georgia, from seed of Burbank, open to cross pollination. Fruit the size of Burbank, bright red; flesh juicy; good; late.

=Dixie.= Triflora. =1.= Hood _Cat._ 1906.

An early Triflora variety.

=Dochnahl Damascene.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 444. 1881. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889.

_Dochnahl’s Königs Pflaume_ 2.

As tested in Germany, very unproductive.

=Dojene.= Domestica. =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:57. 1771.

Origin unknown. Tree productive; fruit large, oval; yellow; flesh watery; poor; stone clinging.

=Dollaner.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 445. 1881. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889.

Dollaner Zwetsche 2. _Quetsche de Dollan_ 2.

A variety imported from France by the United States Department of Agriculture. Reported by Oberdieck as “a prune which has borne little fruit since 1856.”

=Domina.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889.

_Domino_ 1.

Reference found by Mathieu in _Monatsschrift für Pomologie_ 7. 1858.

=Domine Dull.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 146. 1831. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 296. 1845. =3.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 302, 383. 1846.

Domine Dull’s 1. Domine Dull’s Plum 3. _Dutch Prune_ 2. _Dutch Quetszen_ 2, 3. _German Prune_ 2, 3.

Mr. Dull, a Dutch domine, brought a prune seed from Holland and planted it in Kingston, New York. From this seed sprang the Domine Dull, a variety often confused with the German Prune. Fruit of medium size, long-oval; suture slight; stem long; cavity small; dark purple; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, rich, sweet; good; clingstone; late. Mentioned in the Catalog of the American Pomological Society in 1867.

=Don.= Americana mollis. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:30. 1903.

A seedling of Wolf raised at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Fruit large, roundish; suture a line; uniformly bright red; dots numerous, small, distinct; bloom moderate; flesh deep yellow, juicy; sweet, rich; good; stone of medium size, oval, clinging; late.

=Don Alteza.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629.

According to Parkinson “a very good sort.”

=Don Carlos.= Domestica. Mentioned in Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803.

Don Carlos’.

=Dora.= Triflora × Munsoniana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:270. 1901.

A seedling from A. L. Bruce, Texas, said to be a cross between Abundance and Wild Goose. Fruit medium to large, cordate; suture faint; skin tender, bright red; dots minute; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, firm, sweet, rich; good; stone small, oval, clinging.

=Doree.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:145. 1866-73.

D’Agen Dorée 1.

Found by Léo d’Ounous in an orchard planted by his father in Ariége, France; published for the first time by Mas in _Le Verger_. Tree vigorous; fruit medium, ovoid; suture shallow; skin tender, not adherent, golden-yellow tinged with rose-violet; stem slender, rather short; cavity shallow; flesh yellow, fine, juicy, very agreeably aromatic.

=Dorell.= Domestica. =1.= Downing Fr. _Trees Am._ 393. 1857. =2.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =8=:35, Pl. 1860. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 374. 1866. =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:27. 1873. =5.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 409. 1881. =6.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889. =7.= Lucas _Vollst. Hand. Obst._ 473. 1894.

_Dorrel_ 2. _Dorells Grosse Zwetsche_ 4. _Dorelle’s Neue Grosse Zwetsche_ 3, 6. Dorell’s Neue Purpurzwetsche 5. _Dorelle’s New Purple Prune_ 6. _Dorells Neue Grosse Zwetsche_ 4, 6. Dorells grosse neue Zwetsche 7. Grosse Quetsche De Dorell 4. _Grosse Quetsche Nouvelle_ 6. Nouvelle de Dorelle 3. _Nouvelle De Dorrel_ 6. _Nouveau De Dorrelle_ 6. Prune Grosse Quetsche Nouvelle 2. _Prune nouvelle de Dorrel_ 2. _Quetsche De Dorelle_ 6. Quetsche De Dorelle Nouvelle Grand 1. _Quetsche Grosse Nouvelle De Dorrel_ 6. _Quetsche De Dorelle Nouvelle Grande_ 6.

A seedling raised by Dr. Dorell, of Kuttenberg, Bohemia. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, oval; suture wide but shallow; cavity small; stem smooth, reddish; skin reddish-violet, marked with numerous russet dots; flesh yellowish, juicy, sweet, aromatic, agreeable; good for drying; late mid-season.

=Dorell Aprikosenpflaume.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889.

_Abricotée Nouvelle de Dörell._ _Dorell’s Neue Aprikosen Pflaume._ _Mirabelle de Doerell._

=Doris.= Species? =1.= Watkins & Bros. _Cat._ 20. 1897-8. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:271. 1901. =3.= _Mass. Sta. An. Rpt._ =17=:161. 1905.

A variety of doubtful parentage from Burbank; introduced by Stark Brothers in 1895. Fruit small, roundish-oblate; suture faint; light red; dots numerous; flesh yellow, watery; quality poor.

=Dorr.= Domestica. =1.= _Cultivator_ =8=:346. 1851. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 909. 1869.

Dorr’s Favorite 1, 2.

A Reine Claude seedling grown by either Isaac Denniston or Elisha Dorr, both of Albany, New York. Fruit large, oval; suture broad; cavity small; apex sunken; yellow with red dots; bloom thin; flesh yellow, coarse, juicy; good; clingstone; late.

=Dorr Seedling.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889.

_Semis de Dorr_ 1.

This may be identical with Dorr.

=Dorsett.= Munsoniana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

A chance seedling from H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; introduced by F. W. Meneray of Council Bluffs, Iowa. Fruit large, yellow blotched with red; skin thin; good; clingstone; early.

=Dosch.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 150. 1895. =2.= _Oregon Sta. Bul._ =40=:73. 1896. =3.= _Ibid._ =45=:30. 1897. 4. Washington _Cat._ 22. 1906. =5.= _Chico Nur. Co. Cat._ 25. 1909. =6.= _Oregon Cat._ 35. 1906.

The Dosch 2.

The Dosch prune grew on the farm of Henry E. Dosch, Hillsdale, Oregon, from a sprout below the union on a Washington plum tree grafted on plum roots. Tree vigorous, round-topped, prolific, similar to Italian; fruit large, roundish-oval; apex flattened, base acute; suture shallow; stem medium; skin firm; dark purple; flesh greenish, firm, sweet; good; freestone.

=Double.= Domestica. =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:60. 1771.

_Prune de Double_ 1.

Double differs from Paisin Blanche in that it is a little larger, less yellow in color, and poorer in flavor.

=Double Plum.= Domestica. 1. _Can. Hort._ =16=:193 fig. 541. 1893.

A novelty growing in the gardens of Chernigow, Russia, in which the fruit consists of two plums joined together, but easily separated at maturity; fruit bluish-red, sometimes yellow; flesh orange colored, sweet, juicy; quality fair; two stones, clinging.

=Dougall Best.= Domestica. =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =43=:779. 1884.

Dougall’s Best 1.

A chance seedling raised by James Dougall of Windsor, Canada. Tree productive; fruit oblong, tapering to the stalk; suture distinct; clear yellow, touched with carmine toward the sun; good; stone partially free.

=Douglass.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

Grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, from seed of Harrison; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Fruit large, oblong, yellow blushed with red; flesh yellow, sweet, rich, firm; semi-clinging.

=Dove Bank.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 358. 1866. =2.= _Garden_ =53=:265. 1898.

_Caledonian_ 2 incor.

Hogg could see no difference between this variety and the Goliath, but H. A. Pearson in the _Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society_, for 1897, says that they are distinct. Pearson adds, further; “The true variety was grown and distributed by Spencer, of Ilkeston, ... and is said to have been found growing on the banks of the Derbyshire Dove; it differs from Caledonian (Goliath) in growth, and whereas the leaf glands of that variety are well developed and red in color, Dove Bank has small ill-developed glands of a pale color; with regard to the fruit there is no comparison between the two. Caledonian is a somewhat coarse cooking plum. Dove Bank is a splendid cooking plum, and good enough for dessert.”

=Downing Early.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 910. 1869.

Downing’s Early 1.

Originated at Newburgh, New York. Tree moderately vigorous; branches short-jointed; fruit medium, oval, yellow with slight blush, and crimson dots; flesh yellow, sweet, slightly adherent to the stone; good; mid-season.

=Downton Imperatrice.= Domestica. =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 259. 1832. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 274. 1845. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 358. 1866. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889.

_Downton Impératrice_ 4. Downton’s Kaiserin 4. _Downtoner Kaiserin_ 4.

Grown by the famous horticulturist, Thomas A. Knight, from pits produced by pollinating Yellow Egg with Blue Imperatrice. Fruit medium, oval; suture slightly marked; skin thin, tender, pale yellow; flesh yellow, juicy, melting, agreeably subacid; good for preserving; stone clinging; late.

=Drake Seedling.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Hort._ =24=:406. 1901.

Drake’s Seedling 1.

A seedling raised in the orchard of George Drake, Clarksburg, Ontario. Skin yellow, dull red on the sunny side; flesh yellow; a good cooking plum.

=Drouth King.= Munsoniana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 194. 1901.

Of unknown origin. Fruit small, oval, bright red; dots many, conspicuous; flesh yellow; good; stone of medium size, oval, clinging; mid-season.

=Dr. Uff.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =118=:51. 1895. =2.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =27=:14. 1904.

Imported by the United States Department of Agriculture from Hungary. Fruit medium to large, roundish-ovate, dark purple; bloom light; flesh medium firm, juicy, yellow; good; clingstone; early.

=Dr. Uff Szilvaja.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =152=:209. 1898.

Imported from Hungary as Dr. Uff but it differs markedly from this variety. Fruit small to medium, roundish-oblong; skin greenish-yellow with a faint red tinge; stem one-half inch long; flesh greenish-yellow, tender, juicy, sweet, rich; good; freestone.

=Dry Seedling.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. Chron._ =29=:898. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 698. 1884. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d. Ser. =3=:51. 1900. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889.

Dry’s Seedling 1, 2. _Semis de Dry_ 2.

A seedling raised by a Mr. Dry, at Hayes, Middlesex, England; awarded a first class certificate by the Royal Horticultural Society in 1869. Fruit large, roundish-oval; suture slight; reddish-purple; bloom thin; flesh dull greenish-yellow, firm yet juicy; freestone; early.

=Duke.= Munsoniana ×? =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1900. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:271. 1901.

A supposed cross between Pottawattamie and the Duke Cherry, originating with Theodore Williams, Nebraska. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit larger than Wild Goose, of nearly the same form; cavity narrow, deep; suture a line; bright red; flesh yellow, firm, mild subacid; clingstone; mid-season. Waugh states that this variety resembles a Wild Goose crossed with an Americana and that he is unable to detect any cherry characters.

=Duke of Devonshire.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 146. 1831.

=Duke of Edinburgh.= Domestica. =1.= _Jour. Hort._ =21=:216. 1869. =2.= _Flor. & Pom._ =7=:193. 1871. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 698. 1884. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889. _Duc d’Edinbourg_ 4.

A variety raised by a Mr. Dry, Hayes, Middlesex, England. Fruit large, roundish-obovate; suture shallow; skin thin, light purple; flesh reddish-yellow, juicy, richly flavored; freestone; good culinary plum.

=Dumberline.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 146. 1831.

A variety under test in the London Horticultural Society Gardens in 1831.

=Dummer.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 698. 1884.

Raised in 1837 by a Mr. Dummer at Canterbury, England. Fruit large, red; like Red Magnum Bonum.

=Dumiron.= Domestica. =1.= _Cal. Nurs. Co. Cat._ 11. 1897.

Imported from Transon Bros., Orleans, France, by the late John Rock of California; not introduced.

=Dunkelblaue Kaiserin.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889.

_Violette Kaiserin_ incor.

=Dunlap.= Hortulana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:79. 1892. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:36. 1897. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 185. 1901.

Dunlap No. 2 3. Dunlap’s No. 2 2.

Originated and introduced by J. P. Dunlap of Nebraska. Fruit large, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; surface smooth, glossy, bright red; dots many; bloom thin; flesh yellow, soft, juicy, sweet, rich; good; clingstone; mid-season; reported in the catalog of the American Pomological Society for 1899.

=Dunlap No. 1.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:36. 1897. =2.= _Ibid._ =87=:13. 1900. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 148. 1901.

Dunlap 2. Dunlap (No. 1) 3. Dunlap’s No. 1 1.

Another variety produced by J. P. Dunlap of Nebraska. Fruit medium in size, oblong; suture a line; greenish-yellow covered with dull purplish-red; bloom heavy; flesh tender, juicy, rich, sweet; freestone.

=Dunlop Nut.= Americana. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 305. 1893.

A hardy variety tested at the Experimental Farm at Ottawa.

=Dunmore.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:163. 1843. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 380. 1857. =3.= Hogg _Fr. Man._ 359. 1866. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889.

_Dunmore_ 4.

Fruit medium in size, oval; skin thick, greenish-yellow becoming golden; stem half an inch long; flesh yellow, tender, juicy, sweet; good; freestone; late.

=Durazen Zwetsche.= Domestica? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889.

Reference taken by Mathieu from the _Pomologische Monatshefte_ 2. 1882.

=Eagle.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1902-3. =2.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:254, 255. 1905.

Originated in Texas; tree low, spreading; fruit of medium size, round; suture slight; skin light red; flesh yellow; good; stone clinging; early.

=Early.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1887.

_Skorospielka_ 1.

From Russia.

=Early Amber.= Domestica. =1.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803. =2.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 297. 1846.

Fruit small, roundish-oblong, pale greenish-yellow with crimson specks; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy; stone clinging; early.

=Early Apricot.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:70. 1832. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:21. 1873. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889.

_Abricotée Hâtive_ 1, 3. Abricotée Hâtive 2. _Abricote Hâtif_ 1. _Abricotée Précoce_ 3. Early Apricot Plum 1. _Frühe Aprikosenpflaume_ 2. Frühe Aprikosenpflaume 3. _Oberdiecks Frühe Aprikosenpflaume_ 2, 3.

The fruit of Early Apricot is small, roundish; suture shallow; cavity distinct; pale red, darker in the sun; dots small, numerous; flesh yellowish-green, slightly juicy, firm; quality fair; clingstone; season early.

=Early Blue.= Domestica. =1.= _Ont. Fr. Growers Assoc._ 87. 1896. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 52. 1897.

A Domestica of American origin. Fruit the size of Lombard; very early.

=Early Blue.= Domestica. =1.= Miller _Gard. Dict._ =2.= 1807. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 899. 1869. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:13. 1873. =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 698. 1884.

Azure Hâtive 3. _Azure Hâtive_ 2, 4. _Black Perdrigon_ 2, 4. _Blue Gage_ 3, 4. Blue Gage 1, 2. _Cooper’s Blue Gage_ 2, 4. _Early Blue_ 3. _Little Blue Gage_ 2.

An old European variety; rejected by the American Pomological Society in 1858. Fruit of medium size, roundish, dark purple; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy; flavor brisk and rich; freestone; early.

=Early Cherry.= Cerasifera ×? =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 21. 1897.

From California; fruit small, round, red; clingstone; early.

=Early Cluster.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 355. 1895.

Mentioned in the preceding references.

=Early Cross.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 380. 1857.

Originated with a Mr. Cross, Salem, Massachusetts. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit below medium, roundish, reddish-purple; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet; clingstone; early.

=Early Favorite.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 314. 1845. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 419. 1854. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 395. 1857. =4.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:11. 1866-73. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 447. 1889. =6.= _Guide Prat._ 152, 356. 1895. =7.= _Rev. Hort._ 548, Pl. 1909.

_Early Favorite_ 4, 5, 6. _Early Favourite_ 6. Early Favourite 4. _Favorite Hâtive_ 7. _Favorite Précoce_ 4, 5, 7. Favorite Précoce 6. _Favorite Précoce de Rivers_ 5, 6. _Précoce de Rivers_ 5. Prune Early Favorite 7. _Rivers Early_ 5, 6. _Rivers Early Favorite_ 5. _River’s Early Favourite_ 5, 6. River’s Early Favourite 3. River’s Early No. 1 1. _River’s Early No. 1_ 2. Rivers Früh Pflaume 5. _Rivers Frühpflaume_ 6. _River’s No. 1_ 3, 5.

A seedling of Précoce de Tours raised by Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England, about 1834. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit small, roundish-oval; suture shallow; bluish-black; dots russet; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet; good; freestone; very early. Mentioned in the catalog of the American Pomological Society from 1852 to 1891.

=Early Genesee.= Domestica. =1.= _Gen. Farmer_ =9=:232. 1848.

Originated in Brighton, Monroe County, New York. Fruit of medium size, long-ovate, golden-yellow; very early.

=Early Golden Drop.= Domestica. =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 352. 1891. =2.= _Cal. Nur. Cat._ 1898.

Early Golden 2.

“Small, bright yellow, sugary and rich; pit free; ripens early.”

=Early Honey.= Angustifolia varians. 1. _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:79. 1892. 2. Waugh _Plum Cult._ 195. 1901.

From Grayson County, Texas.

=Early Mirabelle.= Insititia. =1.= _Hogg Fruit Man._ 360, 376. 1866. =2.= _Mas Le Verger_ =6=:1. 1866-73. =3.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 410. 1881. =4.= _Guide Prat._ 152, 360. 1895.

Frühe von Bergthold 3. _Mirabelle Précoce_ 1. Mirabelle Précoce 4, 5. Précoce de Bergthold 1, 2. _Mirabelle de Berthold_ 4. _Précoce de Bergthold_ 4.

Thought to be of English origin; first noted by Hogg. Resembles the Mirabelle very closely, with which it is confused. Tree medium in vigor, very productive; shoots downy; fruit small, nearly round; suture indistinct; skin pale yellow, specked with red on the sunny side; flesh yellowish, sweet, juicy, agreeably aromatic; freestone; early.

=Early Minnesota.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:36. 1897. =2.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:17. 1905.

Found wild by Joseph Wood of Windom, Minnesota. Tree low, spreading, hardy, very productive; fruit small, round, yellowish-red; flesh sweet, juicy; stone free; very early.

=Early Normandy.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =30=:256. 1875. =2.= _Le Bon Jard._ 340. 1882.

_Normande précoce_ 2.

Noted in the Horticulturist as originating in France. Tree vigorous; fruit as large as a Reine Claude, purple on the sunny side, light flesh-colored on the shady side; bloom light; flesh greenish, fine and melting, juicy, sweet; good; early.

=Early Pale.= Species? Letter from Burbank.

Originated with Luther Burbank and sold to Judge S. F. Lieb in 1897.

=Early Pear.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 577 fig. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 209. 1676.

_Prunum Pyrinum praecox_ 1.

An early strain of White Pear.

=Early Perdrigon.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 151. 1831. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:65. 1832. =3.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ 1. 1846. =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 375. 1866. =5.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 936. 1869. =6.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:147. 1866-73. =7.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 431. 1889. =8.= _Guide Prat._ 153, 361. 1895.

Früher Perdrigon 7. Früher Violetter Perdrigon 7. _Moyeu de Bourgogne_ ?7, 8. Perdrigon hâtif 1. _Perdrigon hâtif_ 2, 7, 8. _Perdrigon hâtive_ 2. Perdrigon Violet Hâtif 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Prune Perdrigon hâtif 3. _Prunus Calvellana_ 3.

There are two plums known under this name. Both are small, oval, purplish and are covered with a thick bloom. One, however, which seems to have been earliest known, is sweet, rich and of very good quality, ripening about the middle of August. The second variety was named by Calvel. It is vastly inferior in quality to the first and ripens in July. Neither variety is well known in America.

=Early Red.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 160, 162. 1881. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =80=:62. 1892. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 195. 1901.

Grown by G. Onderdonk of Mission Valley, Victoria County, Texas; introduced by the originator in 1879. Fruit small, roundish; cavity large; suture lacking; red; dots few, white; skin thin; flesh soft, yellow, sprightly; quality fair; clingstone; early.

=Early Red.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1887. =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 86. 1890. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farm. Bul._ =43=:33. 1903. =4.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 310. 1903.

Early Red Russian 3. _Early Red Russian No. 3_ 3. _Krasnaya Skorospielkaya_ 1. _Mixed Arab_ 2, 3. _No. 3_ 2.

Early Red was imported by J. L. Budd from Dr. Regel, St. Petersburg, Russia, in the winter of 1881-82. The following season it was disseminated with a mixed lot of varieties, all of which became badly confused. Fruit large, oval; cavity small; suture shallow; dark red; bloom thick; dots white; flesh firm, meaty; quality fair; clingstone; early.

=Early Royal of Nikita.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 380. 1857. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:25 fig. 13. 1873. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429, 430, 441, 449. 1889.

_Early Royal of Nikita_ 3. _Frühe Königspflaume Pflaume von Nikita_ 3. _Frühe Nikitaer Königspflaume_ 3. _Nikitaner Frühe Königspflaume_ 2. Nikitaer Frühe Königspflaume 3. _Nikita’s Frühe Königs Pflaume_ 3. _Royale Hâtive de Nikita_ 3. _Royal Hâtive de Nikita_ 3. Royale Hâtive de Nikita 2.

According to Mas this variety originated in Nikita, Crimea. Fruit small, roundish, reddish-purple; bloom thick; flesh yellow, sweet, juicy; good; semi-clinging; early.

=Early St. John.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 912. 1869.

_Prune de St. Jean_ 1. _St. Jean_ 1. _St. John_ 1.

Tree vigorous; fruit medium in size, roundish-oblong, reddish-purple; flesh green, sweet, sprightly; freestone; mid-season.

=Early Transparent Gage.= Domestica. =1.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =17=:286. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 722. 1884. =3.= _Guide Prat._ 153, 364. 1895. =4.= Rivers _Cat._ 34. 1898. =5.= Bartrum _Pears and Plums_ 63. 1902.

_Early Apricot_ 3. Early Transparent 4. _Early Transparent Gage_ 2, 3. New Transparent Gage 1. _Reine-Claude Diaphane Hâtive_ 3. Rivers’ Early Apricot 2. Rivers’ Early Transparent Gage 5.

This seedling of Transparent Gage was raised by Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England, in 1866. Tree hardy, productive, compact; branchlets pubescent; fruit medium in size, roundish-oblate; suture shallow; stem slender; yellowish-green, mottled with crimson; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy; quality high; freestone; early.

=Early Yellow Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ App. =2=:156. 1876.

Originated with Asahel Foote, Williamstown, Massachusetts. Tree vigorous, upright, productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture shallow; cavity small; stem slender; pale yellow; bloom thin; flesh greenish-yellow, rather coarse, juicy, sweet; semi-clinging; early.

=Early Yellow Prune.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =8=:536. 1853. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 86. 1854.

Originated in Bedford County, Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous, prolific; fruit medium, oval; skin yellow; very good; stone free.

=Eason.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 578. 1629.

Described by Parkinson as “small, red and well tasted.”

=Eberly.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1905.

Eberly’s Plum 1.

A seedling brought to notice by W. V. Eberly of the California Nursery Company. Fruit large, oval; cavity small; yellow, occasionally slightly russeted; dots numerous, silvery; flesh yellowish, translucent; sweet, rich; good; stone long, flat, free; late.

=Ebon.= Cerasifera ×? =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 16. 1899.

Described by Kerr in 1899. Tree upright, with distinct foliage. Fruit medium in size, round to round-oblong, very dark red; flesh red; clingstone.

=Ecully.= Domestica. =1.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 364. 1887. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 153, 364. 1895. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 433. 1905.

Reine-Claude d’Ecully 1, 2, 3.

A chance seedling grown by M. Luizet, at Ecully-les-Lyon, France; first fruited in 1866. Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit large, roundish; suture deep; halves unequal; cavity deep and rather wide; stem medium in length; skin yellow, slightly tinged with red; flesh yellowish, fine, rather firm, juicy, sweet, Reine Claude aroma; good; stone nearly free; mid-season.

=Eddie.= Species? Letter from J. W. Kerr.

Originated by Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska.

=Edith.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:269. 1900.

A seedling of Iowa Beauty grown by E. L. Hayden, Oakville, Iowa, about 1895. Tree upright, vigorous; fruit medium in size, globular; suture indistinct; dark red; dots numerous; bloom thick; good; stone of medium size; mid-season.

=Edle Early.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 411. 1881. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889.

Edle Frühpflaume 1, 2. _Noble Précoce_ 2.

Found in a garden in Brunswick, Germany. Tree large, productive; fruit small, oval; suture a line; brownish-red, with gold-colored dots; flesh golden-yellow, tender, juicy, sweet; freestone; early.

=Edouard Seneclauze.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 361. 1866.

Fruit very small, obovate, golden-yellow; flesh sweet, richly flavored; freestone; early.

=Eggles.= Triflora × Hortulana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:271. 1901.

Sent out by A. L. Bruce, Texas. Fruit large, round; suture indistinct; bright red; dots many, minute, yellow; flesh yellow; stone oval, compressed, clinging; poor.

=Eldora.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 333. 1894. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 148. 1901.

A seedling raised by Judge Samuel Miller of Missouri. Tree rapid in growth; fruit medium to large.

=Eldorado.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:269. 1900. =2.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1903. =3.= _Ibid._ 426. 1905.

A seedling grown by H. A. Terry of Crescent, Iowa, who introduced it in 1899. Fruit small, round; suture lacking; yellow overlaid with red; dots small, grayish; bloom thin; skin thick; flesh firm, yellow, subacid; clingstone; late.

=Eldridge.= Americana. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 42. 1883.

A variety from Wisconsin listed for eight years by the American Pomological Society.

=Elfrey.= Domestica. =1.= Coxe _Cult. Fr. Trees_ 234. 1817. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:98. 1832. =3.= _Horticulturist_ =7=:403. 1852. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

_Elfrey’s Prune_ 2. _Elfreth’s Prune_ 2. _Elfry’s Plum_ 4.

Of unknown origin; quite widely disseminated and highly recommended in the South about fifty years ago. Tree vigorous; fruit medium in size, oval, blue; flesh greenish, firm, rich, slightly dry; mid-season.

=Elisabeth Pflaume.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

_Elisabeth d’Elsner._ _Elsner’s Elisabeth Pflaume._

=Ella.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:52. 1900.

A seedling of the Peach plum grown at the British Columbia Experimental Station; not introduced; closely resembles the parent.

=Ellis.= Munsoniana × Hortulana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:79. 1892. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 231. 1901.

Ellis is said to be a cross between Wild Goose and Golden Beauty, and to have originated in northern Texas; introduced by T. L. Ellis. Fruit large, round; skin very thin, red; good; semi-clinging.

=Ellwood.= Domestica. =1.= _Col., O., Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 31. 1892. =2.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:254, 255. 1905.

Elwood 1.

Introduced by Augustine and Company, Normal, Illinois; very similar to Lombard if not identical with it.

=Elmore.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. & For._ =7=:243. 1894.

An early variety from Shasta, Sacramento County, California.

=Elsner Grüne Zwetsche.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

_Elsner’s Von Gronow Grüne Zwetsche._ _Prune Celeste._

=Elton.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 147. 1831.

Grown on the grounds of the London Horticultural Society.

=Emerald.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Hort._ =12=:265. 1889. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 101. 1891. =3.= Smith _Cat._ 35. 1898. =4.= _Can. Hort._ =22=:340. 1899.

Early Green 1, 2, 4.

Originated with Warren Holton, Hamilton, Ontario; supposedly a seedling of Reine Claude. It was first called Early Green but was introduced by E. D. Smith of Winona, Ontario, under the name Emerald. Tree hardy and productive; fruit large, roundish; stem slender; suture medium deep; yellowish-green; very good; stone free, smooth; very early.

=Emerald.= Triflora × Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:270. 1900. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 209. 1901. =3.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 296. 1903. =4.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =114=:133. 1910.

_Burwood_ 4.

Emerald came from a cross between Brittlewood and Burbank made by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska, in 1895. Tree resembles an Early Richmond cherry, hardy, productive; buds conspicuous; fruit large, roundish, yellow marbled with coppery-red; flesh yellowish, tender, fibrous, juicy, mild subacid; good.

=Emerald Drop.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 275. 1845. =2.= _Ibid._ 913. 1869. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:125. 1866-73.

Goutte Emeraude 3.

Emerald Drop is a seedling of Washington grown sometime previous to 1845 by A. J. Downing, Newburgh, New York. Tree moderately vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, oval; cavity small; suture distinct, sides unequal; yellowish-green; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Emerson.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Kan. Sta. Bul._ =101=:131. 1901. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:63. 1892. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 195. 1901.

_Emerson’s Early_ 3.

Found wild in northern Texas; introduced by A. L. Bruce. Fruit small, round to oval, bright red, with many white dots; flesh yellow, soft; stone rough, clinging; early.

=Emerson.= Americana. =1.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 127. 1890.

Originated near Dubuque, Iowa. Tree productive; fruit large, roundish, red, thickly dotted with small gray spots; flesh firm; valuable for preserving.

=Emerson Yellow.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 20. 1897. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 195. 1901.

A seedling of the Emerson from Texas. Fruit of medium size, round, yellow; inferior.

=Emigrant.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 126. 1889. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 25. 1897.

A seedling of Lombard. Fruit large, oval, purple; quality fair; mid-season.

=Emily May.= Domestica. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:269. 1900.

A large attractive plum of the Pond type grown by Lillian A. Trotter, Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada. Fruit large, oval; suture well marked; clear light yellow; bloom thin; flesh firm, juicy, delicate; good; stone small, rough, free.

=Emma.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:269. 1900. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

Grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, in 1896. Fruit medium in size, almost round; skin thin, reddish color; good; stone large, clinging.

=Engle.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich Sta. Bul._ =129=:32, 33. 1896. =2.= _Ibid._ =187=:77, 78. 1901. =3.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 311. 1903.

Fruit below medium size, roundish-oval; suture obscure; skin yellow; flesh firm, yellow, flavor rich; very good; very early.

=Empereur.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:63. 1866-73. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

_Empereur de Mas_ 2.

Grown by M. Mas, France, from a seed of Golden Drop sown in 1850; reported in 1861 under the name Empereur. Fruit large, obovate; suture indistinct; skin tender, purple, streaked with deeper purple; flesh clear yellow, melting, juicy, sweet; stone small, clinging; early.

=Emperor of Japan.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

_Empereur du Japan_ 1. _Emperor of Japan_ 1. _Kaiser Von Japan_ 1.

Mathieu found reference to it in _Pomologische Monatshefte_ 134. 1882 and _Obst-Garten_ 322. 1882.

=Esjum Erik.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. Dept. Agr. Pom. Bul._ =10=:21. 1901.

Esjum Erik is an Old World variety imported by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1900. As tested at this Station it appears to be of little value for New York growers. Tree vigorous, unproductive; fruit small, obovate, necked; cavity nearly lacking; suture a line; purplish-black; bloom thick; dots inconspicuous; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, firm, sweetish, mild; quality not high; stone small, oval, dark colored, clinging; mid-season.

=Essex Bullace.= Insititia. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 689. 1884. =3.= Rivers _Cat._ 37. 1909.

New Large Bullace 1, 3. _New Large Bullace_ 2.

Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit large, roundish, greenish-yellow; flesh juicy; late.

=Esslinger Fruhzwetsche.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889. =2.= Lucas _Vollst. Hand. Obst._ 473. 1894. _Quetsche Précoce d’Esslingen_ 1.

Tree vigorous; an early and abundant bearer; fruit of medium size, bluish-black; bloom light; valuable for dessert and drying.

=Esther.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 287. 1887. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:79. 1892. =3.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 173. 1901.

A seedling of Miner, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1885. Fruit medium in size, round-oval; suture a line; dark red; dots numerous; bloom thin; flesh yellow; good; stone oval, clinging; late.

=Etopa.= _Prunus besseyi_ × Triflora. _Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta._ 1910.

Introduced in 1908 by the originator, N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station. It is a cross of Occident with _Prunus besseyi_ in which the dark purplish flesh of the male parent is conspicuous.

=Etta.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1900. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =85=:13. 1901.

A seedling first fruited in 1895 by H. A. Terry, Iowa. Fruit large, nearly round; suture distinct; skin yellow, striped and splashed with red; flesh sweet, rich; good; stone oval, free; mid-season.

=Eureka.= Nigra. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:270. 1900.

Grown in 1896 by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska, from seed of Cheney. Tree upright, vigorous, unproductive; fruit large; roundish, yellowish-red to purple; flesh firm, juicy; good; clingstone; very early.

=Eureka.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Am. Jour. Hort._ =5=:148. 1869.

Similar to Wild Goose.

=Eva.= Nigra. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

From Manitoba; tested at the Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit small, red; excellent; mid-season.

=Evelyn.= Domestica. =1.= _Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt._ 73. 1894. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 137. 1894.

A seedling grown in the neighborhood of Owen’s Sound, Canada; of local reputation.

=Excelsior Damson.= Insititia. =1.= _Green River Cat._ 1899.

A freestone introduced in 1892 by the Green River Nursery Company and described in their catalog as being a particularly fine strain of the Damson.

=Fairchild.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:271. 1900. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 148. 1901.

A seedling of De Soto supposed to have been fertilized by a wild plum; grown by J. H. Fairchild, Iowa, in 1894 and offered for sale in 1899 by Snyder and Son, Center Point, Iowa. Fruit above medium, roundish-oval, yellowish-red with whitish dots; flesh yellow, firm, juicy; quality fair; mid-season.

=Fancy.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:271. 1900.

From a sprout of Wild Goose, originating with John Brown, Oakville, Louisa County, Iowa, in 1885. Tree vigorous, very prolific; fruit large, oblong, yellow with shading of red; bloom thin; flesh sweet, juicy; good; stone small, clinging; mid-season.

=Fanning.= Munsoniana. =1.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 185. 1901.

A chance seedling found in the yard of a Mr. Fanning, Rockdale, Texas. Fruit medium in size, round-oval, bright red; dots numerous; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone oval, clinging; mid-season.

=Fawn.= Munsoniana. =1.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 231. 1901.

A variety first grown by David Miller of Camp Hill, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture a line; bright red; dots numerous, large, yellow, giving a dappled or fawn color; bloom very thin; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone oval, clinging.

=Femmonzi.= Species? =1.= Coates _Cat._ 1910-11.

A variety first grown by Frank Femmons of Ahwahnee, California, and introduced by the Leonard Coates Nursery Company, Morganhill, California, in the fall of 1910. Said to be large and handsome.

=Field Marshall.= Domestica. =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 257. 1832. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 293. 1845. =3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 426. 1854.

Corse’s Field Marshall 1, 2. _Corse’s Field Marshal_ 3.

A seedling raised by Henry Corse of Montreal, Canada. Fruit large, oval, bright purplish-red; cavity shallow; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, subacid; stone long, pointed, clinging.

=Figue Grosse Rouge.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 147. 1831.

_Wilmots Early_ 1.

Fruit large, obovate; purple; freestone; quality medium; mid-season.

=Fin de Siecle.= Nigra. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Tree productive; fruit large; red; flavor fair; early.

=Fine Bonte.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 913. 1869. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:35. 1866-73. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

Feine und Gute 3. _Fine Bonte_ 3.

Originated in the nurseries of Simon Louis, Moselle, France. Fruit small, irregularly ovate; suture indistinct; purple; bloom thin; stem very short, thick; flesh greenish yellow; very good; stone small, free; very early.

=Fine Early Plum.= Domestica. Mentioned in Forsyth _Treat Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803.

=Firba Konigspflaume.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

=Firbas Frühe Schuttenhoferin.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

Mathieu found mention of it in _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 287. 1884.

=First.= Species? =1.= Burbank _Cat._ 1899. =2.= _Ibid._ 1901. =3.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =68=:36. 1905.

No. 31,288 1.

According to the originator, Luther Burbank, this variety is one of the second generation of a combination cross of Hawkeye, Hammer, Milton, Wyant, Wayland and Burbank. It was introduced in 1899 under the breeding number 31,288, but grafting wood was not offered for sale until 1900. This is probably one of the earliest plums, ripening in California about three weeks before Red June. Fruit medium in size, roundish; stem short, slender; yellow with faint blush; flesh yellow, sweet, juicy; earliest.

=First Best.= Species? =1.= Childs _Cat._ 136. 1910.

First Best was grown by R. D. Hoyt of Clearwater, Florida, in 1894 from seed marked “Hill Plum” received from W. Gollen of Saharanfur, India. The tree first fruited in 1904 and was introduced in the spring of 1910 by John Lewis Childs, Floral Park, New York, who states that it is an unusually early, yellow variety.

=First Sweet.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at the Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Tree productive; fruit of medium size; skin red, thin; flavor excellent; early.

=Fitzroy.= Americana. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 119. 1904.

A seedling of Rollingstone grown at the Central Experimental Farm, Canada. Fruit above medium, roundish, slightly heart-shaped; suture a line; skin yellow washed with red; dots many; bloom moderate; flesh pale yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone nearly free; cracks when ripe.

=Flora Plena.= Americana =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894-97.

J. W. Kerr, the introducer, found this plum in the yard of a friend in York County, Pennsylvania, it having been brought from Iowa. Tree dwarf; blooms profusely with beautiful pure white, very double flowers; no fruit.

=Flushing Bulleis.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629.

Noted by Parkinson as a variety producing fruit in clusters like a bunch of grapes.

=Foote.= Insititia. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =35=:21. 1906.

Fruit small, roundish-oblong; skin black; flesh rather dry, greenish-yellow; stone small, oval, clinging; mid-season.

=Foote.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =20=:324. 1865. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 913. 1869. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:77. 1873.

_Foote’s Early Orleans_ 3. Foote’s Early Orleans 1, 2, 3. Monsieur Hâtif de Foote 3.

A seedling of Wilmot’s Early Orleans raised in 1852 by Asahel Foote of Williamstown, Massachusetts. Tree large and vigorous; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture absent; very black; flesh greenish, juicy; good; stone oval, flattened, clinging; very early.

=Foote Golden Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 914. 1869.

Raised by Asahel Foote, Williamstown, Massachusetts. Tree very vigorous; shoots slightly downy; fruit large, nearly round; suture shallow; stalk slender; cavity small; skin golden-yellow, obscurely splashed with green and tinged with red; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, slightly vinous; very good; stone slightly adherent; mid-season.

=Forest Rose Improved.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =113=:154. 1899.

An improved strain of Forest Rose somewhat larger than the original.

=Forewattamie.= Hortulana mineri × Munsoniana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:11. 1898. =2.= Kerr _Cat._ 1900.

A cross between Forest Garden and Pottawattamie grown by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska. J. W. Kerr, after testing it, states that it disclosed no special merits; fruit below medium, oval, dull red; flesh watery; poor.

=Formosa.= Triflora ×? =1.= _Fancher Creek Nur. Cat._ 7. 1907-8. =2.= _Fancher Creek Nur. Cat., Burbank’s Late Introductions._ fig. 1909.

_Wickson Challenge_ 1.

Grown by Luther Burbank, who states that it is of mixed parentage, including probably from fifteen to eighteen varieties. Tree very vigorous and productive; fruit large, oval to slightly cordate; suture very prominent; cavity medium; rich yellow with light bloom turning to clear red at maturity; flesh pale yellow, firm, sweet, rich, apricot flavor; good; stone semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Forward Damask.= Domestica. Mentioned in Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 70. 1699.

=Frankfort Peach.= Domestica. =1.= Koch _Deut. Obst._ 572. 1876. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 180. 1881. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889.

_Francfort Peach_ 3. Frankfurter Pfirschen Zwetsche 3. _Kuchen Pflaume_ 3. _Quetsche de Francfort_ 3. _Quetsche-Pêche de Francfort_ 3.

Tree spreading, productive; fruit of medium size, oval, compressed; suture shallow; cavity small; black; bloom thick; flesh yellow, coarse, juicy, sweet, good; stone oval, thin, free; mid-season.

=Franklin.= Triflora ×? =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:223. 1899. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 210, 211 fig. 1901.

Originated with A. L. Bruce, Texas, from Abundance crossed with an unknown variety. Fruit of medium size, oblate; suture a line; bright crimson over yellow; dots numerous; bloom thin; flesh yellow; good; clingstone.

=Fraser.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Gard._ =22=:606. 1901. =2.= _Gard. Chron._ =30=:120. 1901.

Fraser’s Early Yellow 1.

Raised in the nursery of John Fraser, Woodford, England, about 1895. Tree small; fruit very small, oval; skin bright yellow; flesh soft; flavor poor; freestone; valuable because of its earliness.

=Freeman.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 276. 1893. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:13. 1901.

Freeman’s Favorite 1.

Originated in 1885 with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, from seed of Wild Goose. Tree vigorous, fairly productive; fruit above medium, roundish-oblong; suture distinct; bright crimson, numerous dots on the lower half; flesh very tender, sprightly; good; clingstone; early.

=Freestone.= Species? =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 424. 1905.

An inferior native variety; fruit small; clingstone; mid-season.

=Freestone.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

A seedling grown by H. A. Terry from seed of Harrison. Fruit large, pale yellow becoming light red at full maturity; good; stone semi-clinging.

=Freestone Goose.= Munsoniana. =1.= Stark _Cat._ 29. 1910.

Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska, and introduced by Stark Brothers, Louisiana, Missouri, in 1910. The fruit is said to be larger and darker colored than the Wild Goose.

=Freestone Quetsche.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =152=:209. 1898.

Imported by the Department of Agriculture and noted as vigorous.

=Friedheim Damascene.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889.

_Friedheim’s Rote Früh Damascene._ _Damas Rouge de Friedheim._

=Fritze Herrnpflaume.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889.

=Frostproof.= Cerasifera. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =13=:369. 1900. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 231. 1901.

Grown and introduced by J. H. G. Jenkins, Spring Garden, Missouri, about 1896. Fruit small, spherical; suture a fine line; dark crimson; dots minute; bloom thin; flesh yellow; good; clingstone; very early; blossoms resistant to frosts.

=Frühe Englische Zwetsche.= Domestica. Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889.

=Frühe Gelbe Reine Claude.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889.

_Frühe Gelbe Kaiser Pflaume._

=Frühe Grüne Zwetsche.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 445. 1881. 2. Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889.

_Bischtin Erik_ 2. _Herr Pflaume_ 2.

A German variety said to be suitable for moist soils.

=Frühe Leipziger Damascene.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889.

_Damas de Leipsick_ 1. _Fondante Noire_ 1.

Mathieu suggests that this may possibly be identical with Précoce de Tours.

=Fuller.= Species? =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:37. 1897.

Fuller’s Egg 1.

Reported by B. A. Matthews, Knoxville, Iowa, as a large, oval plum.

=Fulton.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 382. 1857. =2.= _Cultivator_ =5=:373. 1857.

A variety of uncertain origin found at Johnstown, Fulton County, New York. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit of medium size, oval; suture distinct; bright yellow; juicy; good; late and hangs to the tree well.

=Funk.= Triflora ×? =1.= Munson _Cat._ 8. 1902. 2. _Tex. Dept. Agr. Rpt._ =12=:102. 1910.

Funk’s Early 2.

An accidental cross of Abundance raised by J. M. Funk, Grayson County, Texas. Tree vigorous, upright, prolific; fruit medium, heart-shaped, bright red; clingstone; very early.

=Fürst Damson.= Insititia. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 361. 1866. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 913. 1869. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 127, 129. 1901. =4.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:51. 1900.

Eugene Fürst 1, 2. Eugen Fürst 3. Fürst’s Damson 4. _Quetsche Précoce de Fürst_ 2. _Sweet Damson_ 1, 2.

This plum is frequently confused with the Furst. The origin of the name and variety is unknown. According to Waugh, it is a German variety introduced in America about sixty years ago. Foliage Damson-like; fruit small, pear-shaped, with a neck; cavity shallow, abrupt; stem slender; suture obsolete; apex slightly pointed; skin tough, purplish-black; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, slightly acid; quality fair to good; stone nearly free.

=Gabriel Combes.= Domestica. =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 332, Pl. 1895.

Prune Reine-Claude Gabriel Combes 1.

Of French origin, probably a seedling of the Reine Claude; first mentioned in 1895. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit spheroidal-ovoid, large, purple; cavity very small; suture slight; apex pointed; flesh amber-yellow, fine, juicy, sweet, aromatic, excellent; stone small, free; ripens after Reine Claude.

=Galbraith.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =8=:536. 1853. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 382. 1857.

Said to have originated with a Mr. Galbraith near Boalsburg, Pennsylvania. Tree straggling; fruit of medium size, oval, purple; flesh tender, juicy; good; clingstone; early.

=Gale.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1897-1900. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:37. 1897. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 149. 1901.

Gale Seedling 2. _Gale Seedling_ 3. _Gale’s No. 3_ 1.

Introduced about 1890 by I. Gale & Son, Waukesha, Wisconsin. Tree overbears; fruit below medium, roundish, compressed; suture distinct; apex slightly truncate; dull red; skin thin; flesh yellow, soft; quality fair; stone thick, rounded, nearly free; very early.

=Galena.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:37. 1897. 2. Waugh _Plum Cult._ 149. 1901.

Introduced by Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minnesota. Fruit large, oval; yellow ground covered with red.

=Galopin.= Domestica. =1.= _Guide Prat._ 160, 367. 1895. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 102. 1901.

_Violette de Galopin_ 2. Violette Galopin 1.

A European variety. Tree poor; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity shallow; stem short, thick; suture shallow; blue; many conspicuous dots; flesh yellow; quality medium; stone of medium size, oval, slightly necked, nearly free.

=Garden King.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:273. 1900. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 149. 1901.

Found wild in 1853; in 1861 it was put under cultivation by Judge Elias Topliff of De Soto, Wisconsin, and subsequently turned over to A. R. Prescott, Postville, Iowa, who introduced it in 1896. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, oval, scarlet; flesh sweet, juicy; freestone.

=Garfield.= Hortulana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:48, 86. 1892. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 179. 1901. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:254, 255. 1905.

Reported to have been found wild in Ohio; introduced by Leo Welz, Wilmington, Ohio, in 1887. Tree unproductive, lacking in hardiness; fruit small, oval; stem slender; cavity shallow; suture a line; bright red; bloomless; flesh yellow, juicy, acid; quality fair; stone small, long-oval, pointed, clinging; late.

=Garlick.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 147. 1831. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:164. 1843.

Garlick’s Early 1, 2.

Fruit small, obovate, purple; good; freestone; obsolete.

=Garnet.= Triflora × Cerasifera. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt. Pom._ 45. 1895. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 211. 1901.

Found by J. L. Breece, Fayetteville, North Carolina, under a Kelsey tree which was probably pollinated from a Pissardi growing near, the foliage showing the reddish color of the Pissardi; first fruited in 1892. Fruit large, roundish-oval, dark garnet-red with minute russet dots; cavity small; suture indistinct; skin thin and bitter; flesh yellow with a tinge of red; flavor mild; stone medium, oval, clinging; more valuable as an ornamental than for its fruit.

=Gates.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:38. 1897.

Originated at Owatonna, Minnesota. Fruit medium in size, flattened; suture distinct; very dull red; dots numerous, yellow; skin thick; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone distinctly margined; late.

=Gaunt.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576, 577 fig. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 208. 1676.

Described in 1629 by Parkinson as “large, reddish, waterish, late.”

=Gaviota.= Triflora × Americana. =1.= _Fancher Creek Nur. Cat._ 1907. =2.= _Fancher Creek Nur. Cat., Burbank’s Late Introductions._ fig. 1909.

_Rice Seed_ 1.

Originated with Luther Burbank about 1900; probably contains admixtures of other species than the ones mentioned above. Tree vigorous, productive, late blooming; fruit very large, oval; suture shallow; cavity medium; dark red over yellow ground; flesh yellow, firm, sweet, aromatic; good; stone extremely small; mid-season.

=Gaylord.= Americana. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 441. 1889. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:24, 38 fig. 1897. =3.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:273. 1900.

Found growing wild by David Hardman, Nora Springs, Iowa, in 1854; introduced by Edson Gaylord of the same place about 1890. Tree vigorous with a tendency to overbear; fruit of medium size, oval; cavity small; stem short; suture a line; apex slightly pointed; dull red over yellow; bloom thin; dots numerous, minute; skin thick, bitter; flesh yellow, melting; good; stone large, oval, flat, semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Gaylord Gold.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:273. 1900.

Found wild in Rock Grove, Iowa, about 1870 by John Henry, Nora Springs, Iowa; cions subsequently distributed by Edson Gaylord. Fruit of medium size, golden yellow; good; stone small, free; mid-season.

=Gelbe Damascener Pflaume.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 431. 1889.

Reference taken by Mathieu from _Obst-Garten_ 315. 1883.

=Gelbe Jerusalempflaume.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 431. 1889.

_Jaune de Jerusalem_ 1. _Prune de Jerusalem_ 1.

A variety of doubtful merit and different from Yellow Jerusalem.

=Gelbe Kirschpflaume.= Cerasifera. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 432. 1889.

_Cerisette Blanche._ _Myrobalan Jaune._ _Prunus Cerasifera Zanthocarpa._ _Serdali Irek._

=Gelbe Spatzwetsche.= Species? Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 432. 1889.

_Reitzensteiner Gelbe Zwetsche_ incor. _Quetsche Jaune Tardive._

=Gem.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 915. 1869.

Originated near Albany, New York. Fruit small, round; suture and cavity shallow; mottled with purple; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; clingstone.

=Gem.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

The Gem 1.

A seedling of Lottie grown by H. A. Terry; introduced by P. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Fruit of medium size, oblong, red and yellow, with whitish bloom; good; freestone.

=Gemeiner Gelbe Spilling.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 432. 1889.

_Bauern Pflaume._ _Gelber Bidling._ _Krieke._ _Prunus Lutea._ _Spelge._ _Spilge._ _Spindel Pflaume._

=Gentleman.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:41. 1873.

Probably of American origin as it was sent by Downing to M. Mas, but was not described by the American author. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, oval; suture indistinct; skin thick, intense purple; bloom abundant; stem short; flesh yellowish, juicy, vinous; good; freestone; early.

=Georgia.= Triflora ×? =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =175=:153. 1899. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 212. 1901.

_Normand No. 20_ 1, 2.

One of the several seedlings sent out by J. L. Normand, Marksville, Louisiana. Named by L. H. Bailey in 1899. Fruit small, oval, greenish-yellow covered with bright red; flesh yellow, watery, fibrous, sweet; stone large, strongly clinging; fruit drops while green; worthless.

=Gerishes Seedling.= Domestica. Mentioned in Johnson _Cat._

_Early Bradshaw._

=Gersepflaume.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 431. 1889.

Reference taken by Mathieu from _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 287. 1884.

=Ghiston.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 276. 1845. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 222, 244. 1858.

Ghiston’s Early 1, 2.

Fruit large, oval, yellow; bloom thin; flesh yellow; quality poor; freestone; season early; rejected by the American Pomological Society in 1858.

=Gibson.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =25=:319. 1870.

Gibson’s Seedling.

A seedling from W. L. Gibson of Elmira, New York. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, deep amber color; bloom slight; skin thick, very astringent; flesh sweet, juicy, mild; good.

=Gill.= Domestica. =1.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =94=:58. 1909.

Introduced by S. R. Gill, Port Clinton, Ohio, who received it in 1882 from a nursery with Golden Drop trees. Tree vigorous, spreading and productive; fruit medium in size, round, reddish-purple; bloom light; flesh firm, sweet, rich; good; mid-season; excellent for canning.

=Gisborne.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 147. 1831. =2.= _Horticulturist_ =10=:16. 1855. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._. =2=:49. 1873. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 432. 1889.

De Gisborne 3. Gisborne’s 1. _Gisborne’s_ 3. Gisborne’s Early 2. _Gisborne’s Early_ 2, 4. _Gisborne’s Zwetsche_ 3. Gisbornes Zwetsche 4. Ovalrunde Spreckel Pflaume 4. _Paterson’s_ 1, 4.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, oval; suture indistinct; skin golden-yellow, dotted with cherry-red on the sunny side, with pale bloom; flesh bright yellow, juicy, sweet; stone large, oval, free; mid-season.

=Glaister.= Domestica. =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 358. 1891.

A variety from California introduced by Leonard Coates of Napa, California. Fruit very similar to Yellow Egg, but two weeks earlier.

=Gloire d’Epinay.= Domestica. =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 444. 1898. =2.= _Ibid._ 86. 1899.

A sucker from a chance seedling found about 1850 by M. Donon of Epinay, France; named and presented to the National Society of Horticulture in 1898 by M. Gorion. Fruit above medium size, roundish-oval; suture shallow; deep blue; similar to Monsieur, but is later and ripens over a period of nearly two months.