Chapter LIII: Appendix: XII

MAGICAL EXORCISMS OF THE DEAD ON LATE _~kata/desmoi, phimôtika/~_, ETC.

Invocations and conjurings of ~a/ôroi~ and other ~nekudai/mones~ of an earlier period are mentioned above (p. 594 f.). To a later period belong {604} the _defixiones_ found at Cyprus (Kurion) and edited in the _Proc. of the Soc. of Bibl. Archaeology_, p. 174 ff. The _defixiones_ are there called ~parathê=kai, _phimôtikai\_ tou= antidi/kou~ (i, 39, and frequently), or ~phimôtika\ katathe/mata~ (iv, 15, etc.). _~phimou=n~_ and _~phimôtiko/n~_ in this rude Egypto-Syrian Greek are equivalent to the terms, otherwise usual for such magic charms, _~katadei=n, kata/desmos~_ (see above, chap. ix, n. 107). See also _P. Mag. Lond._ (Kenyon, _Greek Pap. in BM._, p. 114), l. 967 ff.: in an appeal to a god (~deu=ro/ moi kai\) _phi/môson_, hupo/taxon, katadou/lôson to\n dei=na tô=| dei=ni ktl.~--ib., p. 97, l. 396 ff.: ~_phimôtiko\n_ kai\ hupotaktiko\n gennai=on kai\ ka/tochos; labô\n mo/lubon apo\ psuchropho/rou sôlê=nos poi/êson la/mnan kai\ epi/graphe chalkô=| graphei/ô|~ (bronze is a magic metal), ~hôs hupokei=tai, kai\ the\s para\ a/ôron~ (see above, p. 594 f.) here follows the rest of the barbarous text.--On these Cypriote _defixiones_ among the other invocations regularly appear those addressed to the souls of the unquiet dead, to the ~dai/mones polua/ndrioi~ (vi, 17. adds ~pepelekisme/noi kai\ es[taurôme/noi~ or ~eskolopisme/noi~? cf. Luc., _Philops._ 29]) ~kai\ biotha/natoi kai\ a/ôroi kai\ a/poroi taphê=s (tê=s hiera=s taphê=s~ iv, 18): thus i, 30 f., and frequently. The ~dai/mones _polua/ndrioi_~ were probably the souls of executed criminals whose bodies were thrown out into the common burial grounds--as at Melite in Athens: Plu., _Themist._ 22--the ~polua/ndria~ (cf. Perizon. on Ael., _VH._ 12, 21). ~biotha/natoi ei/te xe/noi ei/te ento/pioi~ are invoked, iv, 4. Invocation is made in common to: ~tu/mbe panda/krute kai\ chtho/nioi theoi\ kai\ Heka/tê chthoni/a kai\ Hermê= chtho/nie kai\ Plou/tôn kai\ Erinu/es hupochtho/nioi kai\ humei=s hoi hô=de katô|kême/noi a/ôroi kai\ anô/numoi~ (see _Rh. Mus._ 50, 20, 3): i, 35, and frequently repeated with the same formula. What we have here is of frequent occurrence: a dead person is called upon to carry out a curse. An early example is _CIG._ 539: ~katadô= autou\s~ (the persons to be cursed) ~soi/, Onê/sime~ (Attica, fourth century B.C.). The tablet in Böckh, i, p. 487, admits the reading ~Onê/sime~ as well as ~Onê/simê~. The latter (as a nominative is preferred by Wünsch, _Tab. Defix._, p. ivb, p. 25 (n. 100), simply in order to expel every example of the invocation of a dead person to carry out a curse. But this is only a petitio principii; and if we accepted ~Onêsi/mê~ (as the name of the curser) at least the addition of some word like ~egô/~ after ~autou\s soi/~ would be necessary--for which there is no room on the tablet. It will be necessary to retain the generally accepted vocative ~Onê/sime~ (to which the coming ~pa/ntas . . . têrei=n~, l. 5-8, is much better suited than to the following ~Hermê=~, l. 8, as in Wünsch's version). There is nothing remarkable in the invocation here of the individual ~nekudai/môn~ by name (thus doubling the force of compulsion exerted; cf. Kroll, _Rh. Mus._, 52, 345 f.) to complete and carry out the curse: parallels are given above, p. 594 ff., and in the above-mentioned Cypriote ~phimôtika/~: cf. also _CIG._ 5858b, ~dai/mones kai\ pneu/mata~ (i.e. "souls") ~en tô=| to/pô| tou/tô| thêlukô=n kai\ arrenikô=n, exorki/zô huma=s~.

The custom of burying such magic defixions was astonishingly widespread. Defigi diris deprecationibus nemo non metuit, Plin., _NH._ 28, 19. In the places where Latin was spoken such abominations were {605} indeed even more common than in Greek-speaking countries. (The Latin _defixiones_ are collected now by Wünsch, _Tab. Defix._ xxv f.) The practice had a long life and is not quite dead even to-day. On the Roman side examples from the seventh and eighth centuries are by no means rare: see e.g. [Aug.] _Hom. de Sacrileg._, § 20. For a Greek example see e.g. the story ap. Sophronius, _SS. Cyri et Ioannis Miracula_ (saec. vi), chap. 55, p. 3625 Migne: magical objects were buried under the doorstep of the victim's house; were discovered and dug up; whereupon the death immediately followed of--not the victim but--the magician.

12_th August_, 1897 (= 2nd German Ed.).

INDEX

_The figures indicate pages, except where they follow a Roman numeral, in which case they refer to the numbered notes._

Abarbareë and Boukolion, xiv, ii, 105.

Abaris, 300.

Abioi, 63.

Abipones in Paraguay, i, 30; viii, 28.

Academy, its doctrine of the Soul, xiv, 1.

Acheron, ~Acherousia\s li/mên~, i, 67; v, 25; 241.

Acheron, god of Hades, 591.

Achilles, i, 41; in Hades, 39; translated, 64 f.; on the ~maka/rôn nê=sos~, xiv, ii, 99; on Leuke, xiv, ii, 102; as Hero or God, 66; 126; iv, 3, 87, 137; xiv, ii, 42.

Admetos, xii, 40; ix, 90.

Adonis, iii, 30.

Adoption, 172; Ritual Act of Adoption in the Mysteries, 601 f.

Aeneas translated, xiv, ii, 110, 114 (ii, **3).

Aeracura, xiv, ii, 144.

Aeschylus, 157; vii, 12; 422 f.; _Agam._ 1235, 591 f.

Aether, the element of the Souls, 435 f.; dwelling place of Souls, 170-1; x, 45; xiv, 53, 69; 541.

Aethiopians, 63.

Ages, different, of Mankind (Hesiod), 67 f.; Golden Ages, ii, 49; vii, 18.

Agamemnon translated, xiv, ii, 99.

~a/gamoi~ after death, 586; xiv, ii, 154.

Agathos daimon, v, 133.

Agides in Sparta, iv, 53.

Agon, see _Funeral Games_.

Agriania, viii, 28; ix, 11-12.

Agrianios, name of a month in **Boeotia, v, 92.

Aiaia, ii, 14.

Aiakos, vii, 13.

Aias, Hero, 126; 137; xiv, ii, 55, 102; Sophokles' Aias, xii, 88.

~ai/desis~, v, 151.

~Ha/idês = tha/natos, Tha/natos~, xii, 4; = the grave, xiv, ii, 135; confusion of the two ideas, ib., 92; cf. _Hades_.

~eis Ai/dao, A/ïdo/sde~, i, 32.

~Ha/idou mê/têr~, 591 f.

~haimakouri/a~, iv, 13.

Aipytos, 123; iv, 53.

Air, see _Aether_.

Aithalides, xi, 51; 599.

Aithiopis, 64; v, 166; xiv, ii, 102.

Akrisios, iii, 43.

Aktaion, 134.

Akousilaos, 593.

Alabandos, iv, 138.

Alaric, xiv, ii, 172.

~ala/stôr~, v, 148, 178; xii, 73; 592, 595.

Albanians in the Caucasus, i, 30.

Aletes, ix, 66.

Alexander the Great reaches the land of the Blest, xiv, ii, 101; translated, ib., 107; Return of, and false Alexanders, ib., 112.

Alexander of Aphrodisias, xiv, 34.

Alexis, comic poet, xiv, ii, 143.

~alitê/rios~, v, 176, 178.

Alkandros, iii, 56.

Alkmaion Hero, iv, 105, 136; Physician, xi, 28, 35, 40, 55; xii, 150; xiii, 22.

_Alkmaionis_, v, 17, 40.

Alkmene, iv, 134; translated, xiv, ii, 99.

Alkon, iii, 56.

~allathea/des~, v, 88.

Allegorical interpretation of myths, vi, 23.

Althaimenes, iii, 4.

Ambrosia, 58.

Ameinias (Pythagorean), xi, 30.

Amelesagoras, ix, 58.

~ametastrepti/~, ix, 104.

Ampelius, _Lib. Mem._, viii, 3; iii, 12. {608}

Amphiaraos, translated, 89 f., 92-3; (Zeus Amph.), 94, 101, 159; (not originally a god), iii, 57; (later cult of), xiv, ii, 104.

~amphidro/mia~, ix, 72.

Amphilochos translated, iii, 5, 13, 56; 133; iv, 105; xiv, ii, 104, 114.

Amphilytos, ix, 59.

Amphion, 238.

~amu/êtoi~, 586 f.

Amyklai, 99 f.

~anabiô/seis~, xi, 103.

Anæsthesia, see _Insensibility_.

Anagyros, Hero, 134.

~ana/mnêsis~ as taught by Pythagoras, Empedokles, Plato, xi, 96; 598 f.

Anaxagoras, vi, 23; 386; 432; xii, 143; fr. 6 [12], xi, 110-11.

Anaximander, x, 38; 366; xi, 98.

Anaximenes, 366; xi, 98.

Ancestor-cult, 10 f.; 27 f.; 77 f. (Hesiod); Ancestors in the cult of Heroes, 119 f., 527 f.; of the ~ge/nê~, etc., 124 f. (with nn.).

Anchises translated, xiv, ii, 110.

~agchistei/a~ (in the cult of souls), v, 42, 141; 176; xiv, ii, 10.

~anie/nai (ta\ kala/~, etc.), v, 120.

Anima and animus in Lucretius, xiv, 74.

Animals in cult of the dead, v, 105; care of animals enjoined, vi, 35 (and see _Food_); skin of, apotropaic use of, xi, 58 (v, 167); souls of, x, 45; xiii, 40.

Andronikos (Peripatetic), 512.

~a/nemoi~, x, 45.

~anemokoi=tai~, ix, 107.

Angekoks, of Greenland, 262; ix, 117.

Angels, xiv, ii, 144.

Anthropogony (Orphic), 341 f., (Hesiodic) 67 f.

Anios, iv, 102.

Anthesteria, 168; ix, 11.

_Anthologia Palatina_, xiv, ii, 122.

~anthrôpodai/môn~, ii, 43.

Antichrist, xiv, ii, 113.

Antigone, 163; 426; xii, 94.

Antilochos translated, xiv, ii, 102 (p. 567).

Antinous translated, xiv, ii, 114.

Antiochos of Kommagene, his tomb, xiv, ii, 13 (p. 554).

Antiphon (of Rhamnous, the orator), v, 176; 588.

Antipodes, xiv, ii, 101.

~aôrotha/natoi~, 594 (add Phryn. App. Soph. in Bekk. Anecd., 24, 22).

~a/ôroi~, xiii, 36; 533; 553; 594; 604; xiv, ii, 154.

~aôrobo/ros~ Hekate, ix, 92.

Apis, ix, 68.

~apokata/stasis~, x, 47; 519.

Apollo, 97 f.; 130; xii, 40; god of expiation, 180 f.; as leader of the Souls, xiv, ii, 146; and Dionysos, 287 f.; supplants Gaia, 290; Hyakinthos, 99 f.; ~Atu/mnios~, etc., iv, 99.

Apolline _mantiké_, 289 f.

Apollonia in Chalkidike, v, 92.

Apollonios of Tyana, ii, 18; xiv, ii, 115.

~apomagdali/ai~, 595.

~apoma/ttein~, **589, 590.

~apo/nimma~, ix, 88.

~apopompê/ (daimo/nôn)~, v, 168.

~apo/taphoi~, **xiv, ii, 20.

~apotropai=oi (theoi/)~, v, 168.

Apparitions of the departed, xiv, ii, 154; see _Ghosts_.

~a/psucha~ trial held over, iv, 118.

~arai=os (ne/kus, dai/môn)~, v, 148; xii, 107.

Aratos as Hero, xiv, ii, 57 f.

~archêgoi/, archêge/tai~, iv, 51, 55; 527.

Archelaos, the philosopher, 432; xii, 152.

Archemoros Vase, v, 40.

Archilochos, v, 173.

Archon Basileus at Athens, 178.

Areopagos, 162; v, 145; 178.

Argeios and Herakles, i, 35.

Argimpaioi, x, 78.

Arginousai, battle of, 162.

Aristaios, iii, 6.

Aristeas of Prokonnesos, 300, 596.

Aristogeiton and Harmodios in Hades, 237.

Aristogeiton, Speech against, vii, 15.

Aristomenes as Hero, 528.

Aristophanes _Frogs_, 240.

Aristophon, comic poet, 601.

Aristotle, 383; xiv, 1; 493 f. (_An._ 408_b_, 18; xiv, 27).

Aristoxenos, xi, 47, 52; 512.

Aristophanes of Byzantium, 583.

Arkesilaos, xiv, 1.

Art of the Greeks, 157; Cult of Souls as represented in, v, 105. {609}

Askesis (Asceticism), vi, 35; 302, 338; Orphic, 343; Thracian, x, 78; Pythagorean, xi, 47; Empedokles, 381; practised in foreign mystery-religions, 546.

Asklepiades, doctor, xi, 69.

Asklepios, iii, 13; chthonic, mantic, 100 f.; his death by lightning, 582; Asklepiadai, iv, 92 f.

Asphalt (bitumen), apotropaic virtue of, v, 95.

~aspho/delos~ sacred to the ~chtho/nioi~, ix, 115.

Associations: burial, xiv, ii, 4; religious, xiv, ii, 53.

Astakides, xiv, ii, 105; 582.

Astarte, iii, 30.

Astrabakos, 137.

~a/taphoi~, restless wandering of, 163; v, **147; 595 (i, 33).

~ate/lestoi~, uninitiated, lying in mud in the underworld, vii, 15; 586 f.

~atha/natos pêgê/~ (in the underworld), xiv, ii, 151.

Athenaeus (139 E), iii, 48.

Athenaïs, ix, 59.

Athene ~apotropai/a~, v, 168.

Athenodoros, philosopher and Hero, 530.

Athens, 98; A. and Eleusis, 219 f.

Atlantes, x, 78.

Atomists, 385 f.; 506.

Atonement in Plato (Purgation), xiii, 36.

Attis, iii, 30; viii, 55, 546.

Augustine, xiv, ii, 87.

Augustus, ascent to Heaven, of, xiv, ii, 107.

Aurelius, M. Antoninus, xiv, 44, 63, 69; 504.

Ausonius, xiv, ii, 167.

Australian natives, religious dances of, viii, 55; 585.

Autolykos, iv, 101; xiv, ii, 43.

Authority, later Antiquity's need of, 545.

_Axiochos_, the pseudo-Platonic dialogue, vii, 15; xii, 120; 602 f.

Avenging spirit, v, 148, 176; cf. ~ala/stôr~.

Averting the eves from the sight of spirits, ix, 104.

Avoiding the sight of spirits, iv, 84; ix, 104.

Baal, ecstatic prophets of, viii, 43.

Babo, v, 19; 591.

Babylonia, i, 44.

Bacchanalia in Rome, xiv, ii, 106; viii, 54.

Bakchiadai, iv, 46, 47.

~Ba/kchos~, viii, 10, 35; 335; cf. _Dionysos_.

~Ba/kchoi~, viii, 31 f.

Bakis, Bakides, 292; ix, 58, 63, 66; 595.

Banishment, 163; in expiation of murder, 175 f. (v, 142 f.).

Banquet of the Pure (Orphic doctrine of), in the other world, vii, 18; x, 70.

Barathron at Athens, v, 32.

Barbarossa, legend of, iii, 16.

~Basili/dai~, iv, 47.

~Bassareu/s~ (Bassarides), viii, 10 f.

Batloka, viii, 30.

Baubo, 591 f.

Beans, see _Food, prohibition of_.

Beer known to the Thracians, viii, 38.

Bendis, Bendideia at Athens, x, 4.

Berenike, translated, xiv, ii, 107.

Bessoi in Thrace, 260; viii, 53-4.

~biaiotha/natoi (biotha/natoi, bi/aioi~), 175 f.; v, 148, 176; 594 f.; 604.

Birds (incarnations of Heroes), xiv, ii, 102.

Birth, pollution of, 295.

Birthday as day of remembrance of the dead, v, 89; xiv, ii, 18, 45.

Biton and Kleobis, xiv, ii, 148, 170.

Black objects (trees, fruit, etc.) sacred to ~chtho/nioi~, and hence have kathartic properties, v, 61; ix, 81; cf. ix, 26; 590.

_Blest_, of the dead, 171; vii, 10; xiv, ii, 31; 541 (cf. ~makari/tês~ and _Islands of the Blest_).

Blindness follows the sight of a deity, xiv, ii, 41.

Bliss, life of, in Hades; see _Utopia_.

Blood = thought, 380.

Boccaccio, iv, 134.

Boëthos, xiv, 34 (fin.), 57.

Bones of Heroes, cult paid to, 122.

Born, better not to be, xii, 10.

Boukolion, xiv, ii, 105.

~Bouko/loi~, Dionysiac, viii, 35.

Bouselidai, v, 69, 129.

Brahminism, 302; x, 83.

Brasidas, as Hero, iv, 20; 128.

Breathing out the soul, i, 25; 30.

Bride, contests for the hand of a, i, 19.

Bronze: see _Noise_, etc.

Brotinos (Pythagorean), x, 7. {610}

Brutus, 515; xiv, ii, 88.

Buddhism, viii, 60; x, 83; xi, 54, 96.

Burial, i, 34; oldest customs of, 22 f.; coffinless, v, 61, 62; inhumation and burning in Attica, v, 58; within the house, at the hearth, v, 66; xiv, ii, 9; within the city, v, 68; xiv, ii, 8.

Burial societies, xiv, ii, 4.

Burning and inhumation, 19 f.; burning the possessions of the dead, i, 30, 51; burning the dead; see _Cremation_.

Butios of Antilles, 262.

Cæsar, deification of, xiv, ii, 111.

Calling home the Souls, 42.

Canosa, vase from, vii, 27.

Cannibalism, x, 54.

Caracalla as an avatar of Alexander, xiv, ii, 112.

Cato of Utica, xiv, 64.

Cave of Zeus in Crete, 96 f.

Cave-deities, 89 f.; viii, 68.

Caves, sleep in, ix, 116.

Catacombs, xiv, ii, 144, 166, 174.

Celsus, xiv, ii, 96.

Celts, x, 81.

Cenotaph, i, 88.

Ceremonial of funerals restricted, 165, 167; v, 135; 540.

Cities, Founders of, 127 f.; cf. ~archêgoi/~.

Chains attached to a sacred statue, iv, 108.

~chai=re~ on tombstones, 526 f.

Chalkis, criminal law of, v, 145.

~cha/risma~, 292.

Charon, 237.

~Charô/nion~, v, 23.

Charon's fare given to the dead, 18; 162; vii, 9.

Children, importance of, 172; xii, 7.

China, ancestor-worship in, v, 129.

~choai/~, for the dead, v, 106, 120.

Choes, v, 95; ix, 11.

~chrêstoi/~ of the dead, xiv, ii, 29 f. (vii, 10).

Christianity; ascetics and exorcists, 292, xiv, ii, 171, 179; use of word ~hê/rôs~, xiv, ii, 82; violation of graves by, xiv, ii, 11; Hell, 242; future rewards and punishments, xiv, ii, 96; rebirth, 602; Antichrist, xiv, ii, 113.

Christi, Russian sect of, viii, 57.

Chrysippos, xiv, 40, 47, 60-1; xiv, ii, 87.

Chthonic deities, 158 f., 218 f.; vi, 29; groups of ~chtho/nioi~, v, 19; invoked at marriage and birth, 171; ix, 91.

Chytroi, festival at Athens, 168; ix, 11.

Cicero, vi, 22, 23; xiv, 54; 519; xiv, ii, 71, 96.

Cliff of Leukas, xiv, ii, 102.

Closing the eyes of the dead, i, 25.

Coffin-burial, v, 60.

Collegia funeraticia, xiv, ii, 4.

Colonies, Greek, 27; 156.

Comedy, Descents to Hades in, 240.

Conscience, 294, 384.

Consciousness division of, 595; see ~e/kstasis~.

_Consolationes_, xiv, ii, 6, 100.

Corinth, criminal law of, v, 145.

Cornutus, 504.

Corpes devoured by a daimon (Eurynomos), vii, 25; (Hekate), ix, 92.

Cosmopolitanism, v, 34; 499 f.

Cosmos, 29.

Costume, see _Dress_.

Coulanges, Fustel de, iv, 48; v, 131.

Cremation, 8, 19 f., 28; i, 66; iv, 38; v, 33, 58; and burial in later period, v, 58.

Crete, cult of Zeus in, 96 f.; v, 167; ix, 113-14 (mantic and kathartic reputation).

Creuzer, 223.

Crossways, 216; ix, 88.

Crowning the dead body with garlands, v, 40.

Crowns (of flowers) for the dead, v, 40.

Crumbs, etc., left on the ground for the Souls, v, 114.

Cult-societies, 221.

Cure of diseases by prophets, 294 f.

Curses against tomb-violators, 526 f.

Curse-tablets; see _Defixiones_.

Cycle, Epic, 34, 64 f., 75, 90.

Cyclic poetry, editing of, x, 17.

Cynics, v, 34; 499.

Cypress at funerals, v, 39.

Daeira, Daira, ~Daeiri/tês~ at Eleusis, vi, 8.

_daemonium meridianum_, ix, 96; 592.

Daimones, deities of second rank, i, 56; distinct from Heroes, iv, 23; xii, 121; in Hesiod, 70 f.; Empedokles, 381; Stoics, 500. {611}

~dai/môn~, personal, of individual men, xiv, 44; (= ~po/tmos~), xii, 26; xiv, 44; ~agatho\s d.~, v, 133; cf. xiv, 44; ~dai/môn thnêto/s (anthrôpodai/môn, nekudai/môn)~, ii, 43.

~dai/mones apotro/paioi~, v, 168; ~arai=oi~, v, 148; ~meili/chioi~, v, 168; ~pla/nêtes~, 592; ~prostro/paioi~, v, 148, 176; = Angel, xiv, ii, 144; ~daimo/nôn mê/têr~, 591.

Daites, Trojan Hero, iv, 3.

Damon, ix, 19.

Danaides, 242; 587.

Dances, religious, 257; viii, 55; ix, 19.

Dance, circular, in cult of Dionysos, viii, 15.

Dante, 33, 242.

Danube, mouths of, xiv, ii, 102.

Daphne, 100.

~da/phnê~, v, 38, 95; ix, 46; xi, 85.

Daphnis, xiv, ii, 105.

Days, unlucky, v, 158.

Dea Syria, viii, 55.

Dead, offerings to, 18 f.; 165 f.; v, 105; dirge for the, 18, 164; Banquet of, 168; sacrifices to (Patroklos), 12 f.; in Mycenean graves, 22 f.; in Od. ~l~, 36 f.; elsewhere, 116, 164, 167 f.; Oracles of the, 24; i, 73; Judges of the (Aesch. and Plato), 238 f.; (Pindar), xii, 34 f.; (Aesch.), xii, 77; (later), 541; classes of the, xii, 62; xiv, ii, 127; imagined as skeletons, xiv, 11, 92; exorcism, conjuration of, see _Souls_ and _Ghosts_.

Death, **3; superior to life, 229, 542; causing pollution, 295; of gods, iii, 30; Black Death, 284.

_Defixiones_, ix, 92, 107; 534, 594, 603 f.

Deification of Rulers, 537 f. (cf. 530 f.).

Delos, purification of, ix, 119.

Delphic Oracle, regulates expiatory rites, v, 167; 180 f.; authority of, in the cult of Heroes, 128 f.; gives support to the cult of Souls, 174; to the Eleusinian worship, vi, 5; to the worship of Dionysos in Attica, vi, 9; sources of oracular inspiration, 289 f.; importance of D. in religious life of Greece, 157; grave of Python at D., 97; Delphic funeral ordinance, v, 45.

Delphinion at Athens, v, 172.

Demeter (and Kore), 160 f.; v, 168; 218 f.

Demetrios Poliorketes as Hero, xiv, ii, 69.

Demetrios, Cynic, xiv, 64.

Demigods (~hêmi/theoi~), iv, 23.

~dê=moi~ called after ~ge/nê~ in Attica, etc., iv, 52.

Demokritos, xi, 35; 385 f.; xii, 150; xiii, 27; ~peri\ tô=n en ha/|dou~, xi, 103 (fragg. moral.).

Demonassa, vi, 35.

Demonology, 534.

Demophoön, i, 41.

De mortuis nil nisi bene, v, 81; 170.

Dervishes, viii, 15, 43; 262, 266.

Devil's Bride, ii, 7.

Devil's Mother, 591.

Dexikreon, ix, 111.

Dexion the Hero (Sophokles), iv, 71.

Diagoras of Melos, 240; xii, 65.

Diana = Empousa, 592; in the Middle Ages, ix, 101.

Diasia at Athens. v, 168.

Dies nefasti, v, 158.

Dikaiarchos, xi, 52; 512; 599.

Dikte, Mt. in Crete, 96.

Diochaites, Pythagorean, xi, 30.

Diogenes, of Apollonia, 432, 436.

Diogenes, Cynic, vi, 27; 239.

Diogenes Laertius (viii, 31), xi, 50.

Diomedes, 67; on the ~maka/rôn nê=sos~, xiv, ii, 99.

Dionysos, the Thracian, 256 f.; Greek god, 282 f.; Greek (not Thracian) name, ix, 1; Orphic, 335 f.; 340 f.

~Dio/nusos maino/menos~, viii, 4; Lord of Souls, 168, 271; ix, 11; at Delphi, 97, 287; Oracle of Dionysos, 260, 290; as Bull, viii, 19, 33, 35; x, 35; as ~bouko/los~, viii, 35; at Eleusis, vi, 9; Epiphanies of, 258, 279, 285; Worship of, in Rome, viii, 54; xiv, ii, 106.

Dioscuri, ~heterê/meroi~, xi, 51; translated, xiv, ii, 109.

Dipylon, cemetery at Athens, v, 58.

Dipylon vases, 165.

Dirge, 164.

Discovery, geographical, xiv, ii, 101.

Disease, origin of, in daimonic influence, 294 f.; ix, 81-2.

Division of consciousness, 595 f.

Dodona, iii, 14; ix, 42. {612}

Dogs sacrificed to Hekate, 298, 589-90; Hekate appears as a dog, ix, 99; 595; on grave reliefs, v, 105.

Dorians in the Peloponnese, 27.

Drakon, 115, 176.

Drama, 285, 421; in cult, 222, 258; mystic drama at Eleusis, 227.

Dreams, visions of the dead in, 7 (proving survival); xiv, ii, 154; i, 55; see _Incubation_ and _Prophecy_.

Dress in Dionysiac worship, 257.

Drimakos (Hero), 530.

Driving out the souls, v, 99, 100.

Druids, x, 81.

Drusilla (ascent to heaven), xiv, ii, 107.

Dryopes, v, 18.

~Du/alos~, viii, 10.

Duty, as conceived by the Stoics, 498 f.

Earth = Hell, xi, 75.

Earth-deities; see _Chthonic_.

Earth, Oracle of, at Delphi, 97, 160; ix, 46.

Echetlos (Hero), 136.

Echidna, v, 23.

Eckhart, xiii, 75.

~egchutri/striai~, v, 77.

Eggs, kathartic use of, x, 55; 590.

Egypt, i, 5, 39; 242; 335; x, 8, 45; 346; xiv, ii, 109, 152-3, 144.

~ekphora/~ of the dead body, v, 46, 50, 60.

~e/kstasis~ (~enthousismo/s, katochê/~), 30, 255; viii, 24; 258 f.; 284 f.; 293; 300 f.; 384; 471; 547; 595 f.

Eleatics, 371 f.

Elements, the four, xi, 28; 379.

Eleusinian Mysteries, 218 f.; secrecy at, 222; promises made by, 223; modern interpretations of, 223 f.; symbolism at, 226; later mention and end of (fourth century), 542; xiv, ii, 172; "Lesser Mysteries" at Athens, 220; and Morality, 228.

Eleusis, v, 19, 21.

Elijah, **ii, 18; xiv, ii, 109.

~elle/boros~ kathartic effects of, ix, 26, 75.

Elpenor, 17; i, 29, 33; 19; 20; 36.

Elysium, 55 f., 59 f., 75 f.; xiv, ii, 99; 541.

Embalming in Egypt, i, 39; in Sparta, iv, 46.

Empedokles, 378 f.; x, 72; xi, 28, 34, 42, 50, 56 f.; xii, 41; xiii, 40, 68; xiv, ii, 107; 597.

Empedotimos, ix, 111-12; xii, 44; xiv, 53.

Empousa, vii, 25; 591.

~enagi/zein~, iv, 15, 86.

~e/nata~, an offering to the dead, v, 82-3.

Enemies of the gods in Hades, 238, 241.

~eniau/sia~ for the dead, v, 81, 90, 92.

~e/ntheos (enthousiasmo/s)~: see ~e/kstasis~.

~enthu/mion~, 216.

Enlightenment in Greece, 79, 115, 292.

~ennaetêri/s~ in expiation of murder, xi, 78; xii, 34, 40; 180.

Enoch, ii, 18; xiv, ii, 109.

Eoiai, Hesiodic, 593.

~epagôgê/ (daimo/nôn)~, ix, 106-7.

Ephialtes (daimon), ix, 102; xiv, ii, 86; 592.

Ephyrai in Thesprotia, v, 23.

Epicharmos, vi, 5; 436 f.; xii, 151; xiv, 53.

Epidauros, iii, 13, 54.

Epidemics, religious, 284.

Epigenes, 597.

Epikteta, Testament of, v, 126; xiv, ii, 18, 71.

Epiktetos, 504; xiv, 3, 41, 44.

Epicurus, doctrine of the soul, 504 f.; foundation for the cult of his soul, v, 126, 137.

_Epigrammata Graeca_, ed. Kaibel, xiv, ii, 119 f. (No. 594: 141).

Epilepsy (see mental diseases), viii, 39.

Epimachos, v, 19.

Epimenides, 301; iii, 24; v, 57; 596; _Theogony_ of, ix, 123.

~epipha/neia~ of Dionysos, 258; viii, 68; 285.

~epipompai/ (daimo/nôn)~, v, 168; ix, 107.

Epitaphs, 539 f. (see _Anth. Pal._).

~epô|dai/~, ix, 81-2, 107.

Erechtheus (Erichthonios), 98; 581.

Erinyes, ii, 6; v, 5, 97, 121; 178 f.; vii, 6; xii, 75; 592.

~erinu/ein~, ix, 58.

Eros, v, 112.

~escha/ra~, i, 53.

Eskimo, manner of burial, v, 67

Essenes, x, 78; xiv, ii, 117.

Esthonian cult of the dead, v, 99.

~e/tai~, v, 141.

Eteoboutadai, iv, 52.

~euagê/s~, xii, 58.

~Eua/ggelos~ Hero, xiv, ii, 63, 144.

Euadne, **582.

~Eua/pan~, ix, 102 {613}

Eubouleus (Euboulos), god of the underworld, v, 7, 19; 220; xiv, ii, 145.

Eudemos, _Ethics_ of, 512.

Euhemeros, iii, 28.

Eukleides (Socratic), xiv, 44.

Euklos, ix, 58.

Eumolpos, Eumolpidai, vi, 6, 16; x, 70.

Eunostos (Hero), 134.

Euodos (Hero), 529.

Eupatridai in Athens, iv, 47; v, 139; 602 f.

Euphemistic names for ~chtho/nioi~, v, 5.

Euphorbos, 599.

Euripides, 432 f.; _Alcestis_, xii, 121; _Bacchae_, 286; _Hecuba_, viii, 70; orthodoxy of, xii, 135.

Eurynomos, Hades-daimon, vii, 25.

Eurypontidai, iv, 53.

Eurysthenidai, iv, 53.

~eusebô=n chô=ros~, vii, 15; xiv, ii, 133.

Euthykles, iv, 117.

Euthymos, 135; 581.

Evil, speaking, of the dead forbidden, v, 115.

Evil, nature of, 470 (Plato); 498; xiv, 40, 60.

Exegetai, their advice sought in questions relating to the cult of Souls, v, 139, 174.

Exorcism, 604.

Expiation, gods of, v, 168; sacrifices of, made to ~chtho/nioi~, v, 167; after murder, 180 f.

Eyes of the dead, closing of, i, 25.

Fainting (~lipopsuchi/a~), i, 9.

Fame, all that is left to the dead, 43; xii, 13, 20, 25; xiv, ii, 169.

Family graves in the country, v, 69, 70; 525 f.

Fate and guilt, 423 f., 426 f.

Fear of the dead, 16, 163, 169; of death, dispelled by Epicurus, 506; breaks out at the end of the classical period, 545 (xiv, **ii, 170).

Feet of the corpse pointing towards the door, i, 26.

Fetishism in Greece, iv, 118.

Figs, kathartic uses of, 590.

Fire, kathartic uses of, i, 41; ix, 127.

Fish: see _Food, prohibition of_.

Flaminius as Hero, 531.

Folk-poetry, 25; belief about the souls, 524; legends about the "translated", xiv, ii, 105.

Folk tales (Greek), iv, 115; xiv, ii, 151.

Food, Prohibition of certain foods (attributed to Eleusis), vi, 35; among the Orphics, x, 54-5; Thracian, x, 78; by Pythagoras, xi, 42, 47; Empedokles, xi, 76, 85.

Fountains in Hades, xii, 62; xiv, ii, 151; of Immortality, xiv, ii, 151.

Fravashi (Persian), i, 5.

Frederick, legend of the return of the Emperor, 93; xiv, ii, 112.

Freewill: see _Will_.

Friendship in the doctrine of the Epicureans, 506.

Funeral rites, in Homer, 17 f.; in later times, 162 f., 524 f.; of princes, i, 17; of kings in Sparta, Corinth, Crete, iv, 46; at public expense, xiv, ii, 5; refusal of, v, 32-3.

Funeral feast in Homer, 18; later (~peri/deipnon~), 167; games, in Homer, 15; for Heroes, 116 f.; procession, 165; v, 60.

Furious Host, ii, 7; 298; xiii, 5; (593).

Fustel de Coulanges; see _Coulanges_.

Gabriel, the Archangel, iv, 134.

Gaia, 160, 168; v, 121; at Delphi, 290.

Gambreion, mourning period of, v, 86.

Games, 15, 116 f.; iv, 22; originally funeral ceremonies, 116 f.

Ganymedes, 58.

Garganus, mountain in Italy, iv, 92, 96.

Garlands for the dead, v, 40.

Gauls, x, 81.

Gello, 592.

~gene/thlios dai/môn~, xii, 26.

~Gene/sia~, private and public, v, 15; 167.

_Genesis_, ii, 18.

Genetyllis, ix, 91.

~ge/nê~, 124.

Genius, i, 5; v, 132; xiv, 44.

~gennê/tês tô=n theô=n~, 603.

German tribes, i, 34; 22.

Getai, 263.

Ghosts, 9; 21; 29; 134; v, 99, 104, 114; 534; xiv, ii, 154; 566; 590 f.

~Gi/gôn~, viii, 10.

Glaukos, xiv, ii, 151.

Gnostics, xiv, ii, 179. {614}

Gods, in Homer, 25 f.; Olympians and others, **i, 56; idea of divinity, xiv, ii, 107; Gods not immortal, 384; asleep or dead, iii, 30; buried, 96 f.; birthdays of, v, 89; in human shape, iv, 134; visiting men, ii, 38; compared with men, 253 f., 414; periodically appearing, viii, 28; of expiation, v, 168; amours of, iv, 134; conductors into the lower world, xiv, ii, 144 f.; unknown, iv, 62; statues of, 136; see _Chthonic_.

Goethe, xiii, **64.

Golden Age, 67 f.; ii, 49; vii, 18.

~gonei=s~, iv, 49; v, 146.

Gorgias, pupil of Empedokles, 378.

~Gorgu/ra, Gorgô/~, vii, 25; 591.

Grace of the gods (salvation), 342.

Grave and Hades confused, xiv, ii, 92.

Graves: see _Burial_, _Family-graves_, and _Rock-graves_; of Gods, 96; of Asklepios, 101; Erechtheus, 98; Hyakinthos, 99; Kekrops, iii, 41; Plouton, iii, 34; Python, 97; Zeus, 96; of Heroes, 121; cult of, 123, 166 f.; silence at, v, 110; curses attached to, xiv, ii, 13.

Grave-monuments, i, 28; v, 69 f.

Grave-robbers, 526.

Gregory the Great, xiv, ii, 87.

Grief, display of, disturbing to the dead, v, 49.

Guardian spirit of individuals, xiv, 44.

Guilt: see _Sin_ and _Fate_.

Hades, 26, 35 f., 159, 223, 236 f.; xii, 4, 62; 500, 535 f., 540 f.; Picture of, painted by Polygnotos, 241 f.; on vases from Southern Italy, vii, 27; cult of, 159; mother of, 591; entrances to (Ploutonia), v, 23; Ferryman of, vii, 9; Descents to, 32 f.; i, 62, 65; iii, 8; 236 f.; 240 f.; (Epic), vii, 2-4; (Theseus and Peirithoos), vii, 3; (Herakles), 591; (in comedy), 240 f.; (vases), vii, 27; (Orphic), x, 60; (Pythag.), 600 f.; rivers of, 35, 237; vii, **21; Judges in, 247.

Hail: see _Weather-magicians_.

~haimakouri/a~, iv, 13.

Hair, offering of, i, 14.

Hallucinations, 259; **262.

Haloa, 222; vi, 35.

Hamilcar, translation of, xiv, ii, 109.

Haokah dance of the Dakota, viii, 55.

Harmodios, translation of, xiv, ii, 99; and Aristogeiton in the other world, vii, 5.

Harmonia and Kadmos, xiv, ii, 99.

~harmoni/a~ (of the soul), xi, 52.

Harpocration on ~A/baris~, ix, 108.

Harpies, 56; v, 124; 593.

Hashish, 259.

Hasisatra, ii, 18; xiv, ii, 109.

Hearth, earliest place of burial, v, 66.

Heaven (the sky), as dwelling place of the Blest, xii, 44, 62; xiv, ii, 134; ascent to, of Roman Emperors, xiv, ii, 107; of Apollonios of Tyana, xiv, ii, 115.

Hedonism, 492 (xiv, **3).

Hegesias, xiv, **3.

Heirs, their duties to the dead, v, 129.

Hekabe, ix, 99.

Hekate, v, 5, 88, 168; 297 f., 590 f.; (_H. Hek._, p. 289 Ab.), 594; Hosts of 593 f.; Banquet of, v, 97; 216; ix, 88, 103.

~Hekatika\ pha/smata~, 590 f.

Hektor, as Hero, iv, 35; xiv, ii, 41 (still worshipped with sacrifice in the middle of the fourth century in the Troad: Julian, _Ep._ 78, p. 603-4 H.).

Helen, legend of her ~ei/dôlon~, i, 79; translated, ii, 21; xiv, ii, 99, 102; given heroic honours, 137.

Helios in Hades, xii, 38.

Hell, punishment in, 40 f.; 238 f., 242, 344, 415, 536; creatures of, 25, 590 f. (see _Kerberos_).

Hemithea, iv, 103.

~hêmi/theos~, iv, 23.

Hephaistion, xiv, ii, 70.

Herakles in the Odyssean Nekyia, 39; his descent to Hades, v, 25; vii, 4; 591; H. and Argeios, i, 35; H. and Eurystheus (Omphale), xii, 40; as Hero-God, 132; translated, 581; xiv, ii, 103.

Herakleides Ponticus, ix, 58, 60 (Sibyls), 108 (Abaris), 111, 96; xii, 44 (Empedotimos); xi, 61 (Empedokles); xiv, i, 53 (souls in the air); 599 f. (Pythagoras).

Herakleitos, 367 f.; xi, 5, etc., 101; xii, 137, 150; 464; xiv, 32; 499; 504; 597.

Hermes, conductor of souls, 9, 168; xiv, ii, 145. {615}

Hermione, cult of ~chtho/nioi~ there, iii, 34; v, 18, 26.

Hermippos, 600.

Hermotimos, 300 f.

Hero of Alexandria, xii, 150.

Herodes Atticus, xiv, ii, 71, 131.

Herodikos, of Perinthos, vii, 3; x, 7.

Heroes, 74, 97 f., 115 f.; iii, 46; 254; 416; xii, 121; help in war, 136 f.; graves of, 121; v, 68; games for, 116 f.; bones of, transferred and worshipped, iv, 35-6; 529; as Birds, xiv, ii, 102; relation with ~theoi/~ and ~dai/mones~, iv, 25; become gods, 132; Homeric "Heroes", iv, 26; in Hesiod, 74 f., 118; nocturnal sacrifice to, iv, 9; what falls to the ground sacred to, v, 114; in Pindar, 414 f.; legends of, 134 f.; later, 527 f.

~hê/rôs~ = a dead person, v, 110, 134; 531; (Christian), xiv, ii, 82; applied to the living, 530 f.; xiv, ii, 68; nameless or adjectival Heroes, 126 f., 529; xiv, ii, 61-2; ~hê. iatro/s~ iv, 94-5; xiv, ii, 45; ~hê. suggenei/as~, v, 132.

Heroized Kings and Lawgivers, 128; Kings of Sparta, Corinth, and Crete, iv, 46; Warriors of the Persian Wars, 528; prominent men of later times, 530; Heroizing easier in Boeotia, v, 134; in Thessaly, xii, 121; 532; becomes common, 531 f.; substitution of descendants for original Hero, xiv, ii, 65.

Hero-Physicians (Oracular), 133; xiv, ii, 45.

~hê/rôes duso/rgêtoi~, v, 119.

~hêrô=|a~ at the doors, iv, 105, 136; v, 68.

~Hêrôïko/s~ of Philostratos, xiv, ii, 41.

~hêrôï\s, hêrôïka/~, ix, 11; xiv, ii, 50; Birthday festivals of H., v, 89.

~hêrôïstai/~, xiv, ii, 53.

Herodotos, 115; xii, 8.

Herophile of Erythrai, ix, 60.

Hesiod, The Five Ages, 67 f.; _Op. et D._ (124), ii, 34; (141), ii, 41; _Theog._ (411), ix, 95a.

Hesychos, vii, 6.

Hierapolis, its ~ploutô/nion~, v, 23.

~hierothe/sion~, xiv, ii, 13 (p. 554).

Hierophant at Eleusis, ~eunouchisme/nos~, vi, 12.

~hilasmo/s~, v, 167.

Hippokrates, cult of, v, 89; xiv, ii, 45.

Hippolytos, iv, 38.

Hippon of Samos, 432.

Hippotes, xii, 40.

Herdsman (shepherd), type of God, xi, 36; (see divine apparitions), xiv, ii, 41.

Homer, 25 f., 157.

Homicide, state trials of, 176 f.; held over inanimate objects (in Athens), iv, 118.

Horace (_Odes_, iv, 2, 21), xii, 45.

Honey-cakes offered to the underworld, i, 13; v, 98; vii, 6.

~hô/ria, hôrai=a~ offered to the dead, v, 128.

Horse in the cult of the dead, v, 105.

Host, Furious, ii, 7; 298; xiii, 5; (593).

House, earliest place of burial, v, 66.

House-spirit, v, 132.

Human sacrifice, ix, 87; in the cult of Dionysos, 285; offered by Epimenides, ix, 121; in the cult of Heroes, xiv, ii, 49; replaced by animal sacrifice or ~poinê/~, v, 144; 179-80.

Humanity: see _Mankind_.

Hunt: see _Host_.

Hyades, iii, 45.

~Huaki/nthia~, 99 f.

Hyakinthides, iii, 45.

Hyakinthos, 99 f.

**Hydromantia, 589.

Hydrophoria at Athens, v, 98.

Hylas, xiv, ii, 105.

Hylozoism, 365, 385, 432.

~hupopho/nia~, v, 154.

Iamblichos, _Vit. Pythag._, viii, 77.

Iakchos, 220 f.

Ianthe, iii, 3.

Iaso, iii, 56.

Iatromantic, 133.

Iatros, Hero, iv, 94-5; xiv, ii, 45.

Iceland, i, 43.

Idaian cave in Crete, 96; 161.

Images, cult of, 136.

Immortal = godlike (becoming god), in Homer, 57; = _being_ a god, 253 f.

Immortality, Belief in, connected with Dionysiac religion, 263 f.; among Orphics, 343 f.; in Philosophy, 365 f.; 463 f.; 496; xiv, 60; in Popular Religion, 538 f.; 542; 546; doubts of, xiv, ii, 157. {616}

Imprecations: see _Curses_.

Incas, i, 30.

Incense in temples, viii, 39; ix, 19.

Incubation, iii, 8; 92; ix, 46; Heroic oracles of, 133.

Indians, Burial customs, 10, 21-2; cult of the dead, i, 75; v, 84-6, 90, 105, 123; Yama in Hades, vii, 6; religious anæsthesia, viii, 26; Yogis, viii, 43; kartharsis, ix, 78; Ascetics, 343; x, 78; philosophy (Jainism), xi, 16; (South American) mutilation of corpses, i, 34; (North American) cult of souls, v, 136.

Individualism, 117; 388 f.; 499 f.; 545.

Inheritance, laws of, v, 146.

Ino Leukothea, 58; iv, 104.

Insanity: see _Madness_ and _Mental_.

Inscriptions (_I.G._ (_xiv_) _Sic. et It._ 641), xii, 49 f.; (_IG. M. Aeg._ i, 142), xiv, ii, 146; (_Ath. Mitt._), xiv, ii, 164, 168.

Insensibility to pain, etc., in visionary states, viii, 43.

Inspiration, prophecy of, 92 f.; (in Thrace), 260; (in Greece), 289 f.

Intoxication, religious use of, viii, 39.

Invisibility (in Homer), 56.

Iolaia in Thebes, iv, 21.

Ionia, 27 f.

Iphigeneia, 64, 66; xiv, ii, 99, 102.

Iphis, iii, 3.

Iron keeps away daimones and the dead, i, 72.

Isaeus, v, 129.

Ischys, iii, 56.

Isis, mysteries of, xiv, ii, 174.

Islands of the Blest (Hesiod). 68 f.; (Pindar), 415 f.; translation of Heroes to, xiv, ii, 99; dwelling-place of all the pious, xiv, ii, 100, 130 f.; discovered by sailors, xiv, ii, 101; identified with Leuke, xiv, ii, 99, 102.

Isodaites, 271.

Isokrates, vi, 22; ii, 43.

Isthmian Games, iv, 22.

Isyllos, iv, 2.

Ixion, vii, 11.

Jainism (see _Indian_), xi, 16.

Japan, cult of dead in, v, 99.

Jaws of the dead, binding up the, xiv, ii, 2.

Jewish forgery of a Pindaric poem, xii, 45.

Jews, influenced by Greeks, xiv, ii, 14.

Jews influence Greeks, xiv, ii, 144.

Judaeo-Hellenistic doctrine of the soul, xiv, ii, 117.

Judgment in Hades, 238 f., 535 f., 541; Orphic, 344; Pindar, 415; Plato, xiii, 36.

Julian the Apostate, xiv, ii, 107, 144, 171.

Julius Kanus, xiv, 64.

jus talionis, x, 71.

Justin, ~pro\s He/ll.~, 3, xiv, ii, 151. (The emendation ~pidu/sas~ is already mentioned, as I see too late, in the Mauriner edition of Justin Martyr. The apparently traditional ~ho/rê pêdê/sas~ is indeed possible on grammatical grounds [analogous constructions, otherwise peculiar to poetry, are not unknown in prose: see Lobeck ad Aiac.^3, p. 69-70], but provides no satisfactory sense.)

Ka of Egyptians, i, 5.

Kadmos translated to Islands of the Blest, xiv, ii, 99.

Kaiadas at Sparta, **v, 32.

Kaineus, iii, 3.

Kalchas, iv, 96.

Kalypso, xiv, ii, 105.

Kanobos, iii, 43.

Kanus Julius, xiv, 64.

Kapaneus, 581 f.

~Karkô/~, 592.

Karmanor, ix, 113.

Karneades, xiv, 59, 61, 83.

~karpou=n~, v, 126.

Kassandra, viii, 52; ix, 65.

~katadei=n, kata/desmos, kata/desis~ in magic, ix, 107; 604.

~katha/rmata~ given up to the spirits, ix, 88 (cf. 81).

Kathartic practices, etc., v, 36; 180; vi, 18; vii, 15; 294 f.; 302; 378; 582; 585; 589 f.

~ka/tharsis mani/as~ (music), ix, 19; (of Pythagoreans), xi, 48; by Melampous, 287; Bakis, 294; Orphic, 338 f.; 343; Empedokles, xi, 85; Plato, 470.

~kathe/drai~, festival of Souls, v, 86.

~ka/tochos~, of magic, ix, 107.

~ka/tochoi, katochê/, kate/chesthai~, of "possession", viii, 24, 44.

Kattadias (Devil-priests of Ceylon), viii, 55.

Kaukones, v, 12. {617}

Kaunians, v, 99.

Kausianoi, viii, 75, 77.

Kekrops, iii, 41.

Keos, funeral ordinance from, v, 42, 52, 56, 74, 76-7, 87, 92, 135.

Kerberos, vii, 6.

~kê=res~ = souls, i, 10; v, 100; ix, 92.

Kerkops (Pythagorean), x, 7; 597.

Kerykes, vi, 6, 16.

Key, keeper of, in Hades, vii, 13.

Kikones of the Odyssey, 42.

Kimon as Hero, 129.

Kirke, 32; v, 169.

Kissing the hand to a grave, xiv, ii, 26-7.

Kleanthes, xiv, 41, 47.

~kleidou=choi theoi/~, 247.

Kleisthenes, 124.

Kleitos, 58.

Kleobis and Biton, xiv, ii, 148.

Kleombrotos, xiv, 3.

Kleomedes (Hero), 129; xiv, ii, 114.

Kleomenes as Hero, xiv, ii, 59.

Klymenos = Hades, v, 8, 18; reduced to rank of Hero, iii, 34.

Knossos, 96; iii, 25.

Kore, 160; v, 11; 219 f.; 224; xiv, ii, 146.

Koronis, iii, 56.

Korybantism, viii, 36, 52; 286 f.

Kos (Ge), v, 16.

Kotytto, 336.

Kouretes, v, 167.

~kôlu/mata~, magic spells, ix, 81.

Kragos, iii, 30.

Krantor, xiv, 1.

Krataiis, 593.

Krates (Cynic), v, 34.

Kratinos, vii, 17.

Kratippos, 512.

~krei/ttones~ = the dead, v, 65, 110, 117.

Krinagoras, vi, 22.

Kritias, _Sisyphos_, x, 54.

Kritolaos, xiv, 32.

Krobyzoi, viii, 65, 75.

Krokos, iii, 43.

Kronos, ruler in Elysium, 76.

~kte/rea kterei/zein~, i, 20, 29.

Kybele, 257; viii, 32, 43, 55; 286 f.; ix, 56; xiv, ii, 174.

Kychreus (~puchrei/dês o/phis~), iv, 129.

Kydas, ix, 66.

**Kyffhäuser, legend of, 93; xiv, ii, 112.

Kylon, at Athens, ix, 120.

Kyme, criminal law of, v, 145.

_Kypria_, 64.

Labyadai, their funeral ordinance in Delphi, v, 52, 85, 128.

Lamentation disturbs the dead, v, 49.

Lamia, vii, 25; 592 f.

Lanterns, feast of in Japan, v, 99.

Laodike, iii, 6.

_Lar familiaris_ and _Lares_ at Rome, v, 132.

Latinus, translation of, xiv, ii, 110.

Laurel, drives away ghosts, v, 95.

Law, unwritten, 163, 426; xii, 94.

Lebadeia, 90 f., 95; iii, 26; v, 19, 133; xiv, ii, 104.

Lectisternia, iii, 26; iv, 16.

Lekythoi, v, 38; 169; 170; 237.

Lemnos, feast of the dead in, ix, 76.

Lemuria in Rome, v, 99.

Leonidas (as Hero), iv, 20; 528.

Leosthenes (Hero), vii, 5; xiv, ii, 59.

Lerna, ix, 88; viii, 28.

Lethe, vii, 21; xii, 37; and Mnemosyne, fountains of, xiv, ii, 151.

Leto, iii, 46

Leuke, I. of Achilles, 65, 66; xiv, ii, 102; Cliff of, ib.

Leukothea: see _Ino._

Lie, justification of, xii, 72.

Life, 3, 31; repudiation of, viii, 75; only lent, xiv, ii, 161; 505; Water of life, xiv, ii, 151-2; Future Life, 236 f.; see _Hades_ and _Ways_.

Lightning sanctifies its victim, iii, 39; 100; v, 68; ix, 127; xii, 54; xiv, ii, 154; 581 f.

Linos, iii, 43.

Lobeck, 222.

Local deities and their cults, 25 f.; 27.

~lo/gos~, 499; xiv, 69.

Lokroi, criminal law of, v, 145.

Lot, oracles received by means of (Delphi, 290.

**~loutropho/roi~, 587.

Lucian, iii, 28; 236; _de Luctu_, xiv, ii, 2; _Philops._, xiv, ii, 87, 144; **ix, 96.

Lucretius, 505.

Lydia, v, 167.

Lying-in-state of the dead, 165.

Lykaios, Zeus, v, 170.

Lykas (Hero), iv, 114.

Lykia, imprecatory tablets from graves in, 553.

Lykian language, iv, 99.

Lykos (Hero), iv, 114. {618}

Lykourgos, King of Edonians, ix, 3; in Sparta worshipped as Hero and God, 132; sanctified by lightning, 581.

Lyric poetry of the Greeks, 157; 411 f.

Lysander as Hero, 531.

Lysimachos (Hero), xiv, ii, 67.

~lu/sios Dio/nusos~, ix, 21; ~lu/sioi theoi/~, x, 50.

~lu/sis~ of the soul, x, 61, 66; xiii, 67.

Mâ, worshipped with ecstatic cult, viii, 43, 55.

Macedonians, viii, 31.

Machaon and Podaleirios, iv, 92.

Macriani, xiv, ii, 112.

Madness cured by magic, ix, 19, 81; cf. _Mental diseases_.

Magical papyri, xiv, ii, 144; 589; 592; 604; cf. _Defixiones_.

Magicians, among savage peoples, 261 f.; Greek, 294 f., 298 f.; xi, 58; 533 f.; 604.

Mahâbhârata, iii, 3.

~maina/s~, 256.

~makari/tês~ (of the dead), vii, 10; xiv, ii, 31.

~maka/rôn nê=soi~: see _Islands of the Blest_.

Manes, v, 99, 133.

~mani/a~, divine, 255 f.; 286 f.; in the worship of Dionysos, 282 f.

Manichaeans, x, 83.

Mankind, origin of, according to the Orphics, 341 f.; generations (Ages) of, in Hesiod, 67 f.

~ma/nteis~, ix, 41 f.; as magicians, ix, 68.

_Mantiké_ (inspired prophecy), 260, 289 f.

Marathon, iv, 84; 136; Grave of the dead at, xiv, ii, 37.

Marjoram, kathartic, apotropaic uses of, v, 36.

Maron (Hero), xiv, ii, 41.

~maschalismo/s~, 181; 582 f.

Massagetai, 259.

Materialism, 385.

"Matriarchy," not Greek, xii, 75.

Medea translation of, xiv, ii, 99; (v, 169).

Medicine men (North American Indians), 262; ix, 68, 117; dance of the Winnebago, viii, 55.

~me/gara~, iii, **7.

~meili/choi theoi/~, v, 168; ~Dio/nusos meili/chios~, ix, 21.

Meilinoe, v, 5; ix, 96.

Melampous, 89; 287.

Melanippides, xii, 1, 21.

Melesagoras, ix, 58.

Memnon, 64 f.

Menelaos (translation of), 55 f.; iv, 2; ii, 21.

Menestheus, iv, 100.

Mental diseases, origin and cure of, 286 f.; ix, 19, 81.

Metal, noise of, drives away ghosts, i, 72; ix, 83; see _Iron_, _Bronze_.

Metamorphoses, iii, 3; x, 82.

~metempsu/chôsis~, x, 84; see _Transmigration_.

Metrodoros, allegorical interpretation of mythology, vi, 23.

Metrodoros (Epicurean), xiv, 85, 86, 97.

~mê\ phu=nai~, xii, 10.

~mê/nima theô=n~, v, 148; ~alitêri/ôn~, v, 176.

~mi/asma~, v, 176; 295 f.

~mia/stôr~, v, 178.

Michael, the Archangel, iv, 96.

Midas, 412.

Mid-day, spectres appearing at, ix, 96; xiv, ii, 41; 592 f.

Migrations, Greek, 27, 155, 161, 284.

Milky Way (abode of the souls), ix, 111; xii, 44.

Miltiades, as Hero, iv, 20.

Mimnermos, xii, 7.

Mind, 5, 29 f., 383, 387, 493 f.

Mingrelians, i, 30.

Minos (and Zeus, in Crete), 96; Judge in Hades, vii, 13.

_Minyas_, **vii, 3; 237, 238, 282.

Miracle, 254; xiv, ii, 40-1, 45, 70; 537; desire for in later ages of antiquity, 546 f.

Missions, sent out from Eleusis, 161.

Mithras, Mysteries of, xiv, ii, 144, 153, 172, 174.

Mitylene, funeral ordinance of, v, 54.

Mitys, iv, 118.

~mnê/mê~ (Empedokles and Pythagorean), xi, 96; and ~lê/thê~ in Hades (Pindar), xii, 37; xiv, ii, 151.

Mnemosyne, xii, 37; xiv, ii, 151.

~moi=ra~, 29.

Moon and stars inhabited by souls, x, 75; xi, 116; xiv, **53.

Monism, 432; 500. {619}

Mopsos, iii, 5, 13; 133.

Morality, 40; 228; 294 f.; 302; 376.

~Mormolu/kê, Mormô/~, vii, 25; 592.

Moschion, x, 54.

Moses, ii, 18; xiv, ii, 109.

Motes in the sunbeam = Souls (Pythagoras), xi, 40; Emped. **xi, 101.

Mountains, legends about, 263; viii, 68.

Mourning, period of, 167.

Mousaios, x, 70.

~mu/chioi theoi/~, iii, 35.

~muei=n~, vi, 16.

Murderer, excluded from religious worship, vi, 17.

Murder, action for, religious sense of, 180 f.; expiation of, 174 f., 138; xii, 34, 40.

Murder trials; see _Homicide_.

Music in Dionysiac worship, 257; as a cure for Korybantic frenzy and other diseases, 286 f.; ix, 19; xi, 48.

Musonius, v, 34; 503.

_Mutterrecht_, not Greek, xii, 75.

Mutilation of the dead, 582 f.

Mycenae, 22, 27, 122.

Mykonos (cult of Chthonic Zeus), v, 3, 7, 16.

Myrtle sacred to ~chtho/nioi~, iv, 21; v, 40, 61.

Mysians, x, 78.

Mysteries: see _Eleusinian M._; Orphic, 343 f.; Samothracian, vi, 34; (see also _Isis_ and _Mithras_).

Mysticism, 225 f., 254 f., 262, 291 f., 344; xiii, 75, 104; xiv, 1.

Myth, allegorical interpretation of, vi, 23.

Name, calling the dead by, 42, 527; of Hero used in sacrificing, iv, 62; in invocation of avenging spirits, 604.

Nameless Gods, iv, 62; Heroes, 126 f.; 529; xiv, ii, 61, 63.

Namnites in Gaul, viii, 55.

Narcissus (Orphic?), x, 29.

~na/rthêx~, viii, 22.

National Heroes: see ~archêgoi/~.

"Nature," religion of, 223 f.

Naulochos (Hero), xiv, ii, 74.

Nectar, 58.

nefasti dies, v, 158.

Negro tribes, i, 34; v, 110; 271.

Nekyia of the Odyssey, 32 f.; iii, 8; 237 f.; 240 f.; 2nd Nekyia, i, 62, 65; N. in other epics, 237 f., (see _Descents_); on vases, vii, 27.

~neku/sia~, v, 92.

Nemea, iv, 22.

~neme/seia, ne/mesis, Ne/mesis~, **v, 91.

Neoplatonic writers, x, 27, 29, 38; 596 f.

Neoptolemos, translation of, xiv, ii, 99.

Nero, translated (Antichrist), xiv, ii, 113.

Neurotic diseases, cure of, 286 f.

New Zealand (method of burial), v, 67.

Nightmare, ix, 102; xiv, ii, 86.

Nine, sanctity of number, v, 84; xiii, 45; xiv, ii, 154.

Noise of bronze or iron drives away ghosts, i, 72; v, 167; ix, 83.

Nostoi, 66 f.

Novel (Greek, etc.), iv, 134; xiv, ii, 87.

Novemdialia: festival in Rome, v, 84.

~nou=s~, in Anaxagoras, 387 f.; in Aristotle, 493 f.; cf. 383.

Numbers (Pythagorean mystical theory of), x, 9.

Nyktelios, Nyktelia, viii, 28; 285; ix, 36.

~numpho/lêptos~, ix, 63.

~ek numphô=n ka/tochos~, ix, 58.

Nymphs, agents of Translation, xiv, ii, 105.

Oath, religio-juristic significance of, 41 f.; v, 156; 238; xi, 77; xii, 40.

Oath-breaking punished in Hades; see _Perjury_.

Oath taken by both parties in a suit, v, 156.

Obolos for the ferryman of the dead: see _Charon_.

Ocrisia, v, 132.

Odyssey, 32 f., 55, 62 f., 236; 2nd Nekyia, i, 62, 65.

Odysseus, end of, ii, 30; oracle of, iv, 97; as Hero, xiv, ii, 41; O. and Kalypso, xiv, ii, 105.

Oedipus, 430 f.; xii, 85, 112 f.

Oikistes, 127 f.

Oinomaos, iv, 2.

Oknos, 241.

Olbia, xiv, ii, 102. {620}

Olive, kathartic effects of, v, 36-7, 61; ix, 72.

Olympos as dwelling-place of souls, xiv, ii, 135.

Olympia, iv, 22, 62; 121, 160; v, 98.

~ômothetei=n~, 584 f.

~omphalo/s~ at Delphi, iii, 31.

Onomakritos, 336-7, 338 f.; (the Lokrian), ix, 113.

Oracles of Heroes, 133 f.; of Earth, 160; see _Delphi_, _Dodona_, _Incubation_.

Orators, Greek, 413.

Orators' official speeches of consolation, xiv, ii, 6.

Orestes, iv, 35; 178; 424, 426.

Orgeones, 124.

Orgiastic cults in Greece, ix, 56; in Thessaly and Phrygia, 257.

Orient influenced by Greece, 539.

Origen, _c. Cels._, iii, **20; xiv, 33.

Orion, 39; 58.

Oropos, 92; iii, 19, 56; xiv, ii, 104.

Orpheus, ~kata/basis eis Ha/idou~, vii, 3, 27; x, 60; of Kamarina, x, 7; of Kroton, x, 7, 11.

Orphics, v, 99; 124; vi, 13; vii, 15, 18; 335 f.; xii, 137; xiii, 44; 70a; 586; alleged influence in Homer, x, 5.

Orphic cult of Bakchos, x, 1; poetry, authorship of, x, 7; Rhapsodical Theogony, ix, 123; 339-40; 596 f.; other Theogonies, x, 21; origin of mankind in, 339 f.; x, 77; six Rulers of the world, x, 40; Asceticism, 342 f.; kathartic doctrine, 338; ideas of Hades, 344 f.; doctrine of rebirth and Transmigration of souls, 345 f.; grave-tablets (Sicily), 417 f.; xiv, ii, 151; 598, 601; _Hymns_, xiv, ii, 173.

Orphica (fr. 120). x, 22; (fr. 226), x, 48.

Orphico-Pythagorean Hymnus on Number, x, 9.

~Ortugi/ê~, ii, 25.

Os resectum of the Romans, i, 34.

~ho/sioi~, the Pure, vi, 18; 343.

Osiris, xiv, ii, 152.

Ostiaks, religious dances of the, viii, 55.

~oxuthu/mia~, 216; ix, 88.

~ouk ê/mên, geno/mên ktl.~ on epitaphs, xiv, ii, 167.

Ouranos, x, 28.

Paetus Thrasea, xiv, 64.

Palamedes, xiv, ii, 41.

Palaimon, iii, 38.

~palamnai=os~, v, 178.

~paliggenesi/a~, 224; vii, 21; x, 47, 81, 84; 519; xiv, **i, 68, 142; 547.

Pan, ix, 56.

Panaitios, xiv, 24; 501 f.

Pandaemonism, 519.

Pandareos, daughters of, ii, 5.

Pantheism, 261, 498 f.; xiv, 60; 504.

Panchatantra, iv, 134.

Paradise, imaginary, in Hades, vii, 18.

~paramuthêtika\ psêphi/smata~, xiv, ii, 6.

Pardon for Homicide, v, 144, 151, 154.

Parentalia in Rome, v, 90.

Parmenides, 372; 408; 597.

Parsley used in cult of the dead, iv, 22; v, 40, 107.

Pasiphaë, iv, 104.

~pa/trai~, iv, 49; v, 131; in Rhodos, iv, 52.

Patroklos, Funeral of, 12 f.; Translation of, xiv, ii, 102.

~patromu/stês~, 602.

Pausanias, Spartan King, v, 173; Periegeta, 126; 529; (4, 32, 1) 554; Doctor (pupil of Empedokles), 378; xi, 61.

Pehuenchen Indians (S. America), i, 26.

Peirithoös, vii, 3.

Pelasgians, v, 18.

Peleus, Translation of, xiv, ii, 99.

Pellichos, xiv, ii, 45.

Pelops, 121; iv, 37.

Penates, v, 132-3.

Penitents undergoing punishment in Hades, 40 f., 238, 241; vii, 27.

Pentheus, 283.

~peri/deipnon~, 167.

~perika/tharma~, 589.

~perima/ttein~, 590.

Perjury punished in Hades, 41 f.; v, 156; 238; xi, 77; xii, 40.

Peripatetics, 512.

~peripsê=n~, 589.

Persephone, 158 f.; v, 5; 160 f.; 220; 222 f.; and see _Koré_.

Perseus and the Mainades, ix, 3.

Persian War, Heroizing of those who fell in, 131.

Persians, i, 5; 10; 22; v, 85-6; kathartic practice among, ix, 78.

Persinos of Miletos, x, **7.

Persius, i, 31; 504. {621}

Personality, reduplication of, 595 f.; cf. ~e/kstasis~.

Peru, religious dances in, viii, 55.

Pessimism, 412, 545.

Petelia, grave tablet from, 417 f., 601 f., 598.

Phaeacians, 63; ii, 17, 46.

Phaënnis, ix, 59.

Phaëthon, iii, 35.

Phanes, x, 9; 598.

Pharisees, xi, 50.

~pharmakoi/~, ix, 87; 589 f.

~pha/smata Hekatika/~, 590 f.

Pherekrates, comic poet, vii, 17.

Pherekydes, 301; x, 79; xi, 51; vi, 25; 597.

Philippos of Opos, author of _Epinomis_, xiv, 1.

Philiskos, xii, 157.

Philo Judaeus, xiv, ii, 117; (ap. Gal. xiii, 268), iii, 43.

Philodamos of Skarpheia, his Hymn to Dionysos, vi, 9.

Philolaos, x, 44; xi, 35-6, 50, 55.

Philopoimen, as Hero, xiv, ii, 49.

Philopregmon (Hero), 529.

Philosophy, 362 f.; 432 f.; 463 f.; 490 f.

Philostratos, _Heroikos_, xiv, ii, 41; _V. Apoll._, xiv, ii, 115.

~phimou=n, phimôtiko/n~, 604.

Phokion, v, 66.

Pseudo-Phokylides, xiv, ii, 117.

Phormion, of Sparta, ix, 111.

Phratriai in Athens, 124 f.

Phrygians, v, 167; 257; viii, 52; 286; xiv, ii, 13, 174.

Phylai in Athens, 124 f.

Pig, in cult of the dead, v, 105.

Pitch, kathartic property of, v, 95; ix, 72.

Piety of the Greeks, 28 f.

Piety towards the dead, 16, 164, 169.

Pindar, 7, 115, 157; vi, 22; 238; 412; 414 f.; (_O._ 2, 57), xii, 35; (_O._ 2, 61), xii, 38; (_P._ 8, 57), iv, 105; (_fr._ 129-30), xii, 37; (_fr._ 132), xii, 45; (_fr._ 133), xii, 34, 41.

~pi/thos tetrême/nos~ in Hades, 586 f.

Pittakos of Mitylene, v, 54.

Pixodaros (Hero), xiv, ii, 63.

Plato, ix, 107; 383; xi, 96; 463 f.; xiv, ii, 108; 547; Beauty in 473; influence of, on popular belief, xiv, ii, 143; doctrine of Ideas, 470 f.; different strata of the _Republic_, xiii, 8; 474; _Laws_, xiii, 36, 37; 476; _Gorgias_, vii, 13; xiii, 36, 96; _Meno_, xiii, 100; _Phaedo_, xiii, 36; 468 f.

Plants with souls, xi, 72, 82; 382; xi, 117; xiii, 40.

~hoi plei/ous~, the dead, xiv, ii, 124.

Plotinos, 547 f.

Plouton, iii, 34; 160.

~ploutô/nia~, v, 23.

Plutarch, v, 34; vi, 23; vii, 1; xiv, ii, 85, 87.

Pluto, iii, 34; 160.

~pneu=ma~ = soul, **xii, 150; 498; 541 f.

Podaleirios, iii, 13; 133.

~poinê/~ for homicide, in Homer, 175; forbidden, v, 154; and see _Murder_.

Polemon, xiv, 1.

Polemokrates (Hero), iv, 93.

Politics, Epicurean withdrawal from, 506 f.

Pollution, 294 f.

~polua/ndrioi dai/mones~, 604.

Polyaratos, ix, 111.

Polybios, 492.

Polyboia, 100.

Polygnotos' picture of Hades, 241 f.; 586.

Polynesians, v, 161.

Pomegranate in the cult of the dead, v, 105.

Pomptilla, grave in Sardinia, xiv, ii, 71.

Poplar in the cult of the dead, v, 61; xiv, ii, 102.

Popular belief about the dead, 524.

Popular version of "Translation", xiv, ii, 105.

Poseidonios, x, 78; xi, 35, 55; xiv, 40, 44, 51, 53-4; 502; xiv, 60-2.

Possession, 255; 595; see ~e/kstasis~.

Possessions of the dead burnt with the body, i, 30, 51.

Postponement of coming events by the gods, ix, 120.

Poulytion, 222.

Praetextatus, xiv, ii, 172.

Praise of the dead at the ~peri/deipnon~, v, 81.

Pre-existence: see _Soul_.

Prophecy by Incubation (dream-oracles), 92 f., 289 f.; by Heroes, 133; in Thracian worship of Dionysos, 260; two kinds of (~technikê/~ and ~a/technos~), 289; by "inspiration", 289 f.; at Delphi, 289 f.; in Greek {622} worship of D., 289 f.; wandering prophets, 292 f.; by means of lots at Delphi, 289; in Leuke, xiv, ii, 102.

Prodikos of Keos, vi, 23; of Phokaia, vii, 3; of Samos, vii, 3; x, 7.

Proërosia, ix, 108.

Proitides, 282, 287.

Proklidai, iv, 53.

Prophecy: see _Mantiké_.

Prophetic power of the dying, i, 69.

~prospha/gion~, v, 46.

~prostro/paios~, v, 148, 176.

Protagoras, 438.

Protesilaos, iv, 98.

Proteus in the Odyssey, 55.

~pro/thesis~ of the corpse, 164 (v, 41 f.).

Proverbs, Greek, v, 120; xii, 3; 586.

Prussia, cult of the dead in, v, 99, 114.

~psuchê/~ in Homer, 4 f.; 30 f.; 364 f.; = alter ego, 6; in Pindar, xii, 32; in Philosophy, 364 f.; situated in eye or mouth, i, 25; = Life, i, 59; xi, 1.

~psuchagôgo/s~, ix, 106.

Psyche (of Apuleius), xiv, ii, 151.

Psychology, Homeric, 30 f.; of the philosophers, 364 f.

~psuchomantei=a~, v, 23.

~psuchpompei=a~, v, 23.

~psuchostasi/a~, v, 100.

Punishment of guilty through descendants, xii, 7, 65; xiv, ii, 96.

Purification: see _Kathartic_, ~ka/tharsis~; after a funeral, v, 77; [after seeing a corpse: Jul., _Ep._ 77, p. 601, 20 f. H.]; carried out by ~exêgêtai/~, v, 139; of murderers, 179 f.; 295; (this not Homeric), v, 166; ritual, in daily life, 295; of the new-born, ib.; by blood, 296; by fire, 21; by running water, 588 f.; removal of the polluting substance with figs or eggs, 589 f.

"Pure, the," vi, 18; 343.

Purgation in Plato, xiii, 36.

Purple (Red) colour proper to the dead, v, 61.

Pythagoras, 374 f.; xii, 150; and Zalmoxis, viii, 68; and Abaris, ix, 108, 122; his previous births, 598 f.; descent to Hades, 600 f.

Pythagoreans, suicide, v, 33; bury the body on leaves, v, 61; and Orphics in Herodotos, 336; x, 8; in Athens, 337; psychology, xi, 55; Transmigration-doctrine, x, 79, 81; xi, 42; xiii, 40; ~psuchê/~ (Alkmaion), xi, 28, 35; and Parmenides, xi, 30; Empedokles and P. ~ana/mnêsis~, xi, 96; ~U~ Pythag., xii, 62; and Plato (divisions of the soul), xiii, 27; (transmigration of the soul), xiii, 40; and the Stoics (souls in the air), xiv, 53.

Pythia, viii, 52-3; ix, 45; 289 f.; 596.

Pythian Games, iv, 22.

Python, 97; 180 f.

Quietism, 380.

Ram, in cult of the dead, v, 105, 107; as expiatory sacrifice, v, 167.

Rationalism among the Greeks, 29 f.; 122; 492; 545.

Rebirth (see ~paliggenesi/a~), xiv, ii, 174; 602.

Recurrence, periodical, of everything, x, 47; xiv, 68.

Red colour belonging to the dead, v, 61.

Reduplication of Personality, 595 f.

Regilla, wife of Herodes Atticus, xiv, ii, 71, 131.

Relatives obliged to prosecute vendetta, v, 141.

"Release" of man from fate, etc., 342 f.; xi, 50; 384.

Religion, Homeric, 28 f.; of "Nature" 223 f.; Symbolic, ib.

Relics, cult of, iv, 2; 121 f.; 529.

Responsibility, moral, in Tragedy (Aesch.), 423 f.

Resurrection of the body, xiv, ii, 174.

Revenge and Vendetta, circle of those expected to carry it out (in Homer), v, 141; Vend. bought off (in Homer), v, 143; this later forbidden, v, 154; Vend. in Tragedy, 424 f., 434.

Rewards and punishments transmitted to descendants, xii, 65 (x, 47); exact equivalence, x, 71; xi, 44; in Hades, 40-1; 239 f.; 467 f.; 536.

Right and left, significance of, in Hades, xii, 62.

Rhadamanthys, 55 f.; ii, 17, 23; 247; xiv, ii, 132.

~rha/mnos~, kathartic uses of, v, 95; xi, 85.

Rhea: see _Kybele._

Rhesos, iv, 36; 557. {623}

Rock graves, v, 62, 66.

Rome, _genius_, i, 5; v, 132; marriage ceremonies, v, 95; Lares, v, 66, 132; Lemuria, v, 99; Manes, ib.; v, 133; Novemdialia, v, 83-4; os resectum, i, 34; Parentalia, v, 90; Penates, v, 132-3; Cult of Souls in, v, 114; Cremation, i, 37, 39.

Romans, admitted to Eleusinian Mysteries, 226.

Romulus, translation of, xiv, ii, 103, 107, 110.

Sabazios (Sabos), viii, 10.

~sa/bos, saba/zios~, viii, 32.

~Saba/zia~ in Athens, x, 12.

Sabazios Mysteries (late, xiv, ii, 174.

Sacrifice at graves, 167, 169; made to Heroes before gods, iii, 46; kathartic, 585.

Salamis, 136 f.

Salmoneus, 581.

Samothrace, Mysteries of, vi, 34.

Sappho, xii, 12

Sarpedon, ii, 28; iv, 99.

Satrai, viii, 53.

Scapegoat, ix, 87.

Schelling, 223.

Scheriê, ii, 46.

Schol. Aristoph. _Vesp._ 1038, ix, 102.

Scythians, 259; ix, 15; x, 78.

Second sight, 260; 293 (see ~e/kstasis~).

Second-sight of the dying, i, 69.

Secret cults, 219.

Sects, Orphic, 335.

Seers, ecstatic: see ~ma/nteis~ and _Prophecy_.

Seirenes, ix, **102; 593.

~se/linon~ sacred to the dead, v, 40, 107.

~Se/lloi~, iii, 14.

Semele, 581.

Seminoles of Florida, i, 25.

Semitic influence on Greeks, 60; 96.

Semonides (Simonides of Amorgos), xii, 4, 8, 15.

Seneca, xiv, 41, 56, 68; 503.

Sertorius, his search for the Islands of the Blest, xiv, ii, 101.

Severus Alexander, xiv, ii, 112.

Servius ad. _Aen._ vi, 324 (Poeta Anon.), xi, 77.

Sex, changes of, in legend, iii, 3.

Shamans, viii, 43; 262.

Sheep (or Ram), v, 105, 107, 167.

Sibyls, viii, 52; 292 f.; 596.

Sicily, xii, 47; 417 f.

Sikyon (limitation on the length of epitaphs), xiv, ii, 118.

Silenus, legend of, xii, 10 (viii, 15, 31).

Silence in passing graves, v, 110.

Simonides of Keos, xii, 1, 3, 11.

Sin, 294 f., 343, 381, (Plato) 466; consciousness of, 242.

Sisyphos, i, 82; 241; vii, 27.

Sit tibi terra levis, xiv, ii, 120.

Sithon, iii, 3.

Sitting (not reclining) at feasts in honour of the dead, v, 86.

Skedasos, daughters of, xiv, ii, 35.

Skeletons, the dead as, xiv, ii, 92.

~ski/lla~, kathartic property of, ix, 115; xi, 85; 589 f.

Skiron, v, 168.

Skotos, vii, 6.

Skylla (daughter of Hekate), 593.

Slaves admitted to initiation at the Mysteries, vi, 14; when freed, bound to keep up the cult of their dead master, v, 128.

Slavonic cult of souls, v, 161.

Sleep and Death, ii, 28; Death only Sleep, xiv, ii, 140; of the Gods, iii, 30; "Temple-sleep": see _Incubation_.

Snakes, form in which ~chtho/nioi~ appear, iii, 12, 33; 98; iii, 55; iv, 129; v, 105**, 113, 133, 168; 602.

Societies: see Associations.

Sokrates, 463.

Solon, date of archonship, ix, **120; as Hero, iv, 38; limits funeral pomp, 4, 45, 57, 75; protects the memory of the dead, v, 115; his view of life, xii, 6; and Croesus, xiv, ii, 170.

Sorcery: see _Magic_ and _Conjuration of the dead_.

Sortilege, oracle of at Delphi, 290.

Soul = breath (~pneu=ma~), 500 f.; xiv, ii, 138; represented on lekythoi as winged, 170; Pre-existence of, taught by Pythagoras, xi, 49; by Plato, 465 f.; Aristotle, 495 f.; Stoics, xiv, 60; by Jews under Greek influence, xiv, ii, 117; Soul and Mind, in Aristotle, 496; "Poor Souls," v, 114; x, 66; Souls **become daimones (Hesiod), 67 f.; transition from Soul to daimon, v, 133, 148; 179; v, 176; assist growth of crops, v, 120; called upon {624} at marriages, v, 121; appearances after death, ix, 105; 533 f.; xiv, ii, 154; dissipated by wind after leaving the body, xiii, 5; xi, 102; xiv, 49, 77; of murdered men, 181 f.; kingdom of Souls in the air, in the Aether or in Heaven, 342; xi, 35; 436 f.; Stoic, 500 f.; 541 f.; cf. _Hades_; in popular belief, xiv, ii, 142; in Neoplatonism, 547; parts of the soul, acc. to Pythagoras, xi, 55; Plato, 466 f.; Peripatetics, 512; Stoics, xiv, 60; Epicureans, 505; conjuration of souls not known in Homer, 24; later, v, 23; ix, 106; xiv, ii, 87, 90; on Defixions, 594 f., 604 f.; Souls, Cult of, after burial, 22 f., 77 f., 158 f., 163 f., 166 f., 181 f., 253 f.; Rudiments of, in Homer, 12 f.; in the family, 172 f.; represented on sepulchral reliefs, v, 105; Souls, Festival of, 168; in cult of Dionysos, ix, 11; Soul, "Salvation" of the, 172.

Souls: Transmigration of Souls--Greek names for, x, 84; Thracian belief in, 263 f.; Egyptian belief in, 346; Orphic, 337; 342 f.; 346 f.; Pythagorean, 375; xi, 50, 55; in Pindar, 415 f.; Empedokles, xi, 75, 96; Plato, 467; Stoics (Poseidonios?), xiv, 60.

~sô=ma--sê=ma~: Orphic, 342; x, 73; Pythagoras, 375; xi, 50; Empedokles, xi, 75; Euripides, xii, 137; Plato, xiii, 44; in popular belief, xiv, ii, 141.

_Somnium Scipionis_, xiv, 53, 54, 62; xiv, ii, 58.

Sophists, 432.

Sophokles, vi, 22, 26; 426 f.; as Hero, iv, 71; _Oed. Col._ 1583, xii, 112.

~sôtê/r (hê/rôs)~, xii, 128.

Sparta; funeral of kings, iv, 46; burial customs, v, 61; reliefs representing feasts of the dead, v, 105, 86; criminal law of, v, 145.

Speaking ill of the dead forbidden, v, 115.

Spell: see _Magic_.

Spencer, Herbert, 6.

Spielhansel, folk-tale of, i, 82.

Spiritualism, 264 f.; 385; 500; 595.

Spirits: see _Ghosts_.

Spirits, island of (Leuke), xiv, ii, 102; nocturnal battle of, xiv, ii, 37; magical compulsion of, ix, 107.

Spitting, apotropaic effect of, 586.

Stars inhabited, xi, 116; by the souls of the departed, x, 75-6; myths, 58.

State: see _Politics_; State Funerals, xiv, ii, 5-6.

Statues of Heroes, miracles performed by, 136.

~ste/phanos~, iv, 21.

Stertinius, C. Xenophon (Hero), xiv, ii, 64.

Stobaeus, _Ecl._ i, 49, 46; xiv, ii, 138.

Stoics, xi, 98; xii, 67; 497 f.; 542.

Stones (a soul attributed to), xi, 72.

Stormclouds, shooting at, viii, 63; cf. _Weather-magicians_.

Straton, xii, 150; xiv, 34.

Striking the ground in calling on ~chtho/nioi~, iii, 10.

Styx, vii, 21.

Subterranean translation among the Greeks, 89 f.; xiv, ii, 104; in Germany, 93; in Mexico and in the East, iii, 17.

Sûfis of Persia, viii, 60; 266.

Suicide forbidden (Orphic), x, 44; suicides refused burial, v, 33.

Suidas on ~emaschali/sthê~, 582 f.

Sulphur, kathartic property of, v, 95.

Swoon (~piopsuchi/a~), i, 9.

Syrians, xiv, ii, 174.

Sybaris (Lamia), iv, 115; Orphic gold tablets from, 417 f.; 598; 601.

Symbolism in religion, 224, 226 f.

Symmachos, xiv, ii, 172.

Syncretism, 288; 534.

Syrianos, 596 f.

Syrie, 62 f.

Tacitus, xiv, 47.

Tahiti, funeral dirges of, v, 48.

Talthybios, 134.

Tantalos, 40 f., 241; vii, 27.

Tarantism, ix, 19.

Taraxippos (Hero), 127.

Tarentum, v, 68.

Tartaros, 76; vii, 6; 340; xi, 38.

Tasmania, cult of dead in, 585.

~Tau=ta, tosau=ta~ in epitaphs, xiv, ii, 167.

Teiresias, 36 f., 41; iii, 3, 8.

_Telegoneia_, 65, 90.

Teleology in Anaxagoras, xi, 104.

Tellos the Athenian, xiv, ii, 170.

Temesa, the Hero of, 135 f. {625}

Temple-sleep: see _Incubation._

Tenes, iv, 138.

Terizoi in Thrace, **viii, 65.

Thales, vi, 25; 366.

Thamyris, 238.

Thanatos, xii, 4, 121; and Hypnos, ii, 28.

Thargelia, ix, 87.

Theagenes (Hero), 136; iv, 119, 134.

_Thebais_, 75, 90, 93.

~thei=os anê/r~, xiii, 68.

Themistokles as Hero, iv, 30.

Theognetos (Orphic), x, **7; 597.

Theognis, 411 f.; xii, 13.

Theogony of Epimenides, ix, 123; of Hesiod, x, 5; Orphic, 339 f.; 596.

Theokrasia, x, 24.

Theology, Homeric, 25 f., 31 f.; of the court in Hellenistic period, 538 (see _Orphics_).

Theophanes (Hero), xiv, ii, 64.

Theophrastos, xiv, 34; Testament of, v, 137.

Theopompos, on Abaris, ix, 108; Aristeas, ix, 109; Bakis, ix, 66; Epimenides, ix, 117; Hermotimos, ix, 112; Phormion, ix, 111.

~ho theo/s, hê thea/~ at Eleusis, v, 19.

Theosophy (Orphic), 336.

Theoxenia, 96; iv, 16, 71; festival at Delphi, iv, 82.

Theron, 416.

Theseus, transfer of his bones to Athens, 122; expiation of murder of Skiron, v, 168; Descent to Hades, vii, 3.

Thesmophoria, 222.

~thi/asos~, Dionysiac, Thracian, viii, 31.

30,000 = innumerable, xi, 78.

~tho/loi~, iii, 31.

Thorn: see _White-thorn_.

Thracians, viii, 11; cult of Dionysos, 256 f.; belief in immortality, 263 f.; in Transmigration, 263 f.; Ascetic practices, x, 78.

Thrasea Paetus, xiv, 64.

~thro/non strônnu/nai~ for a god, iii, 26.

~thro/nôsis~ (of mystai), ix, 19.

Thunder clouds driven away by noise, etc., viii, 63.

~thu/ein~, iv, 15.

Thyme used in burial, v, 36.

~thumo/s~ and ~psuchê/~, i, 58; xi, 1.

Thyrsos, viii, 22.

Tii of Polynesia, v, 161.

Timokles of Syracuse, x, 7.

Timoleon as Hero, xiv, ii, 59.

Titans (Orphic), 340 f.; x, 77 (cf. p. 76).

Tithonos, 58.

Tityos, 40 f.

Tragedy, Greek, 421 f.

~Tra/leis~, Thracian tribe of mercenaries, viii, 77.

Tralles in Karia, criminal law of, v, 150.

_Translation_, in Homer, 55 f.; subterranean, 89 f.; in Pindar, 414; in Euripides, xii, 127; Semitic, 60; xiv, ii, 109; German, 93; Italian, xiv, ii, 110; Tr. to Islands of the Blest, xiv, ii, 99; to the Nymphs, xiv, ii, 105; into a river, xiv, ii, 114; by lightning, 583; Tr. of Achilles, 64 f.; Alkmene, xiv, ii, 99; Althaimenes, iii, 4; Amphiaraos, 89 f.; Amphilochos, iii, 5; Antinous, xiv, ii, 114; Apollonios of Tyana, xiv, ii, 116; Aristaios, iii, 6; Aristeas (?), ix, 109; Berenike, etc., xiv, ii, 107; Diomedes, 67; xiv, ii, 99; Emperors, xiv, ii, 107; Empedokles, xi, 61; Erechtheus, 98; Euthymos, 136; Hamilcar, xiv, ii, 109; Helen, ii, 21; Herakleid. Pont., xi, 61; Iphigeneia, ii, 26; Kleomedes, 129; Laodike, iii, 6; Memnon, 64; Menelaos, 55; ii, 21; Oedipus, xii, 112; Phaethon, iii, 35; Rhadamanthys, ii, 17; Telegonos and Penelope, 65; Trophonios, 90; Tr. no longer understood in later ages, xiv, ii, 103; effected mechanically, xiv, ii, 106.

Trausians, viii, 75.

Trees planted round graves, i, 28; v, 73; sacred to the ~chtho/nioi~, v, 61.

~Triaka/des~, v, 86 f.; xiv, ii, 17.

Trieteric festival of Dionysos, 258, 285.

Triopion, ancient Greek cult there, ix, 89.

Triphylians, v, 11.

Triptolemos, i, 41; 220; vi, 35; as Judge in Hades, vii, 14.

~tri/ta~ (sacrifice to the dead), v, 83.

~tritopa/tores~, v, 123 f.; x, 45.

Trophonios, 90 f., 101, 121, 159, 161; v, 133; viii, 68; xiv, ii, 104; _Zeus_ Troph., iii, 18.

Trojan Heroes, xiv, ii, 41.

Tronis in Phokis, iv, 34. {626}

Turning one's back on spirits: see _Avoiding_, etc.

Turnus, translation of, xiv, ii, 110.

~tumbôru/chos~, xiv, ii, 11.

Twelve **Tables influenced by Solon, v, 47.

Typhon, vii, 6.

Tyrtaios, xii, 13.

Underworld, pictures of on vases, vii, 27; Polygnotos' picture of, 241 f., 586 f.

Unknown gods, iv, 62; Heroes, 127.

Unlucky days, v, 158.

Utopia in Hades, vii, 18.

Vampyre, v, 161; xiv, ii, 86.

Vapour-baths used by Scythians and Indians to produce religious intoxication, viii, 39.

Varro, i, 21, 34; iii, 31; vi, 23; ix, 111.

Vendetta: see _Revenge_.

Venus, conductress of souls, xiv, ii, 146.

Vergil, i, 37; vii, 6; xi, 50; xii, 62; 535.

Vibia, tomb of, xiv, ii, 144, 174.

Vine, cultivation of in Thrace, viii, 38; branches used in burial, v, 37.

Virbius, legend of, iv, 38.

Visions, 30 f., 258 f. (and see ~e/kstasis~).

Visits of Gods to men, ii, 38 (iv, 134).

Voodoo, Negro sect in Haiti, viii, 55.

Wanderings: see _Migration_.

Water polluted by the neighbourhood of a corpse, v, 38; ix, 76; flowing, kathartic properties of, 588 f.; cold water in the lower world, xiv, ii, 151; of Life in folk-lore, ib.; speaking, ib.

Ways, Two, Three, in the lower world, xii, 62.

Weather-magicians, viii, 63; ix, 107.

Weregild, 175 f.; forbidden, v, 154.

Will, freedom of, 423 f.; 498 f.

Wind = Soul, xiii, 5; Spirits of, v, 124; Bride of, ii, 7.

Wine, belongs to later Dionysos, viii, 3.

Wisdom of Solomon, xiv, ii, 117.

White-thorn, v, 95.

Witches, etc. (see also _Hekate_), ix, 101.

Works of "supererogation" assist others, x, 66.

World, different Ages of, in Hesiod, 67 f.

World, withdrawal from, in later Greek life, 546 f.; enjoyment of, in early period, **3, 63; xiv, ii, 170; hatred of, Christian-Gnostic, xiv, ii, 179; periods of (Orphic), 342.

Wolf-shape, of spirits, iv, 114; 590.

Wool, kathartic properties of, 590.

~xenikoi\ theoi/~, x, 3.

Xenokrates, vi, 35; x, 39; xiv, 1.

Xenophanes, 371 f.; xi, 42; xii, 150; xiv, 53.

Xenophon C. Stertinius (Hero), xiv, ii, 64.

Yama, Indian god of the lower world, vii, 6.

Yogis of India, viii, 43.

Zagreus, 340 f.; viii, 28; x, 9, 12, 77; 598.

Zaleukos, v, 145.

Zalmoxis, iii, 13; viii, 10, 28; 263.

Zeno (Eleatic), 372 f.

Zeno (Stoic), xiv, 43.

Zeus in Crete, 97 f., 161; ix, 56; and Alkmene, iv, 134; as conductor of Souls, xiv, ii, 146.

~Zeu\s Amphia/raos~, iii, 19; ~chtho/nios~, 159; v, 167; 220; ~Eubouleu/s, Bouleu/s~, v, 7, 19; ~Lu/kaios~, v, 170; ~meili/chios~, v, 168; ~prostro/paios~, v, 148; ~phi/lios~, ii, 38; ~Saba/zios~, viii, 10; ~Trophô/nios~, iii, 18.]

Zopyros, x, 7, 11.

Zoroastrianism, 302.

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Transcriber's Notes

Page numbers are written in {}, {{}} when not printed in the text but referred to in the Table of Contents, etc.

Footnote markers and footnotes are numbered [m\n] where m is the number of the footnote, n is the number of the chapter (chapter 14