Chapter XLVIII: Part II: Chronicle of Events (6)

=George Westinghouse=, the eminent American inventor, died in New
York on March 12, aged 67. B. at Central Bridge, N.Y., in 1846, and
educated at Union College, Schenectady, he served in the Volunteer
Cavalry and afterwards as a naval engineer in the War of Secession.
In 1865 he invented a device for replacing derailed railroad
cars, in 1868 he patented his famous brake; he also applied
pneumatic and electric power to railroad switching and signalling,
introduced the alternating electric current for light and power
supply, established the practical use of natural gas, developed
gas engines, and a form of marine turbine, with other inventions.
Unlike most inventors, he had great business ability, and presided
over numerous companies manufacturing his inventions. He m., 1867,
Marguerite Walker, and had one s. He left some 7,000,000_l._

On the 1st, aged 55, the #Hon. Charles Ramsay Devlin#, Minister of
Mines in the Quebec Government since 1907, Nationalist M.P. for
Galway City, 1903-6, Canadian Commissioner in England, 1897-1903.
On the 2nd, aged 39, #Margaret Fothergill Robinson#, an able
student of Poor Law questions; author of "The Poor Law Enigma,"
and "The Spirit of Association," a survey of guilds, co-operation,
and trade union; her work was cut short by ill-health. On the 4th,
#Colonel Henry Bathurst Hanna#, Bengal Staff Corps, distinguished
in the Mutiny Campaign and author of a series of books on Indian
military subjects, among them "The Second Afghan War"; a strong
Liberal. On the 4th, aged 56, #Colonel Henry Lionel Pilkington,
C.B.#, sometime 21st Hussars; commanded the West Australian
contingent in the South African War; well known as a writer on
Irish agricultural topics over the signature "Patrick Perterras."
On the 4th, aged 69, #Masakisa Matsuda#, Minister of Justice
in Japan, and one of the leaders of the Sei-yu-Kai party; had
previously been twice Minister of Justice and once Minister of
Finance. On the 5th, aged 69, at sea, near Colombo, the #Rev.
William Donne#, Hon. Canon of Wakefield and Vicar of Wakefield,
1892-1909; Archdeacon of Huddersfield since 1892. About the
5th, aged 76, #Sir William Samuel Seton#, ninth Baronet; served
as midshipman in the Indian Navy in the Persian Expedition of
1856-7; then in the Indian Army, in the Afghan War of 1880-1;
Colonel (retired) Indian Staff Corps; succeeded his brother,
1884; m.,·1876, Eva, dau. of Sir Henry H. A. Wood; succeeded by
his s. On the 6th, aged 61, #Colonel Sir Charles Gervaise Boxall,
K.C.B.#, originator of the City of London Imperial Volunteers in
the South African War and an expert on the utilisation of railways
for artillery. On the 7th, aged 82, #Christian David Ginsburg,
L.L.D., J.P.#, an eminent Hebrew scholar, who exposed in 1883 the
forgery committed by a well-known dealer in antiquities named
Shapiro of a MS. purporting to be part of the "sources" of the
Book of Deuteronomy; author of important works on the Essenes, the
Kabbalah, and the Song of Solomon. On the 7th, aged 63, #Arthur
Knatchbull Connell#, sometime private secretary to Lord Goschen,
and a Unionist candidate for a division of Edinburgh. On the
7th, aged 55, #John Wykeham Jacomb-Hood#, Chief Engineer of the
London & South Western Railway since 1901; carried out many new
branches and extensions. On the 7th, aged 69, #Professor Antonino
Salinas, C.V.O.#, Director of the Museum at Palermo and Professor
of Archæology at the University of that city; a learned antiquary.
On the 8th, aged 64, #Frederick Townsend Martin#, brother of Mr.
Bradley Martin, and one of the best-known Americans in London
society; active in philanthropic work in New York, and author of
an interesting volume of reminiscences. On the 8th, aged 73, #Sir
George Ross#, Premier of Ontario, 1899-1905, and liberal Leader
in the Dominion Senate; previously Minister of Education; an able
public speaker. On the 8th, aged 72, #Sir Arthur Mackworth, R.E.,
C.B.#, sixth Baronet, distinguished in the Egyptian Campaign
of 1882; m., 1865, Alice, dau. of Joseph Cubitt; succeeded by
his s. About the 8th, aged 81, #Sir Francis McCabe#, Medical
Commissioner of the Irish Local Government Board, 1888-98. About
the 8th, #José Luciano de Castro#, Prime Minister (Progressist)
of Portugal, 1904-6; had previously been Minister of Justice and
of the Interior, and Prime Minister, 1886-90, and 1897-1900; a
skilful Parliamentary tactician. On the 10th, aged 57, #Alfred
Charles Edwards#, in spite of his name a thorough Paris journalist;
founder of the _Matin_, 1883; connected largely with theatrical
enterprises; husband of Mlle. Lantelme, the Paris actress, who was
drowned on the Rhine in 1911. On the 10th, aged 69, #Lieut.-Colonel
the Hon. George Campbell Napier, C.I.E.#, Bengal Army, second
son of the first Lord Napier of Magdala, and heir-presumptive to
the Barony; had served as Assistant Commissioner of the Punjaub
in 1867, and superintendent of Kaparthala State, 1885-7. On the
11th, aged 87, #Sir Charles Champagne des Voeux#, sixth Baronet,
succeeded his brother 1894; m., 1853, Katharina, dau. of T. W.
Richardson; she d. 1895; succeeded by his s. On the 11th, aged
80, #Arthur Houston, LL.D., K.C.#, a prominent Irish barrister in
civil (especially bankruptcy) and criminal cases; Liberal candidate
for Derry (North), 1895; had practised at the English Bar since
1897. About the 11th, aged about 78, #Mlle. Marie Chassevant#,
Professor at the Geneva Conservatoire 1895-1912, and founder of
a new system of musical teaching. On the 11th, aged 65, #George
Ernest Herman#, sometime President of the Obstetrical Society of
London, an eminent obstetric physician. On the 12th, murdered at
Philippopoli, #Colonel Sadik Bey#, originally one of the leaders
of the Turkish revolution, subsequently opposed the Union and
Progress movement and helped to found the Liberal _Entente_. On
the 15th, aged 80, the #Rev. Richard Rhodes Bristow#, Hon. Canon
of Rochester Cathedral, and Canon Missioner of Southwark Cathedral
since 1905; Vicar of St. Stephen's, Lewisham, 1868-97, subsequently
of St. Olaves, Southwark; long Proctor in Convocation, first for
the diocese of Rochester and then for that of Southwark; sometime
Chairman of the Lewisham Board of Guardians and a member of the
London School Board, 1885-7; a preacher of some distinction and a
prominent High Churchman. On the 16th, aged 67, the #Ven. Edwin
Price#, Archdeacon of Bishop Auckland since 1908, and Rector of
Sedgefield, Durham, since 1903; acted with Bishop Westcott in
helping to settle the great miners' strike in 1892. On the 16th,
aged 70, while addressing the Berne International Peace Bureau,
of which he was Director, #Albert Gobat, LL.D.#, a member since
1890 of the Swiss National Council and previously of the Federal
Upper House; first secretary and one of the founders of the
Inter-Parliamentary Union; one of the recipients of the Nobel Peace
Prize in 1902. On the 17th, #Surgeon-General Sir Arthur Mudge
Branfoot, K.C.I.E.#, Indian Medical Service; had been President of
the Medical Board at the India Office; had served in Madras and
Burma, and done much to improve the conditions of medical treatment
of women in Madras. On the 17th, aged 55, shot by Mme. Caillaux,
#Gaston Calmette#, chief editor of the _Figaro_, on the staff of
which he had been for thirty years; had a valuable collection of
engravings and caricatures of the period of the First Empire. On
the 18th, aged 88, #James Hope#, of East Carns, East Lothian,
for two generations one of the leading agriculturists of Great
Britain; prominent in county affairs, as a Master of Foxhounds,
1870-7, and on the turf, 1866-1900; an Assistant Commissioner
on the Royal Commissions on Agriculture of 1880 and 1894; had a
large share in framing the Agricultural Holdings Act, 1883. About
the 18th, aged 95, #Charles Waddington#, sometime Professor of
Philosophy at the Sorbonne; author of works on the human mind and
on Ramus; cousin of the French statesman W. H. Waddington. On the
20th, aged 53, #John Brooks Close-Brooks#, sometime a banker in
Manchester, High Sheriff of Cheshire, 1911, and in the seventies
of the last century (as J. B. Close) a famous Cambridge oarsman.
On the 23rd, aged 82, #General Sir Thomas Edward Gordon, K.C.I.E.,
K.C.B., C.S.I.#, distinguished in the Indian Mutiny; second in
command of Sir David Forsyth's mission to the Amir of Kashgar,
1873-4; served in the Afghan War, 187982; Oriental and Military
Secretary of the Teheran Legation, 1889-93; had published "The Roof
of the World" (on the Kashgar Mission, 1876), "Persia Revisited"
(1896), and his autobiography (1906); was the twin brother of Sir
John J. H. Gordon, G.C.B., who d. November 2, 1908; the twins were
promoted General on the same day and were known as "the Gemini
Generals." On the 23rd, aged 68, =George M. Minchin, M.A., F.R.S.=,
sometime Professor of Applied Mathematics at Cooper's Hill, author
of a number of important works on physics, and a researcher of
some note. On the 24th, aged 74, =Piers Egerton-Warburton=,
Conservative M.P., for mid-Cheshire, 1876-1885. On the 25th,
aged 65, =Robert James McMordie=, Unionist M.P. for East Belfast
since 1910, and five times Mayor of the City, in which he was a
prominent solicitor. On the 25th, aged 65, =Harry Maule Crookshank=
(Crookshank Pasha), Director-General of the Egyptian Prisons
Administration, 1883-96, and Controller-General of the Daira Sanieh
Administration, 1897-1907. On the 27th, aged 66, =Lieut.-General
Sir William Freeman Kelly, K.C.B.=, Colonel Royal Sussex Regiment;
had served with distinction in the Egyptian Campaign of 1882 and
the South African War. On the 27th, aged about 50, =Harry Orbell=,
organiser of the Dockers' Union. On the 28th, aged 57, the =Rt.
Rev. Robert Fraser, D.D., LL.D.=, Roman Catholic Bishop of Dunkeld
since 1913, and sometime Rector of the Scots College, Rome. About
the 29th, aged 90, =Eleanor Whyte=, of the Women Bookbinders'
Society, one of the pioneers of trade unions for women, and a
delegate of the Trade Union Congress. On the 30th, aged 74, =Tito
Mattel=, by birth a Neapolitan, a famous pianist and composer; had
been for fifty years settled in England. On the 31st, aged 64,
the =Hon. Francis Albert Rollo Russell=, a son of the first Earl
Russell, and an authority on meteorology; had edited his father's
early correspondence. On the 31st, aged 86, =Timothy Daniel
Sullivan=, Lord Mayor of Dublin, 1886 and 1887; Nationalist M.P.
for Westmeath (N.), 1880, for Dublin City, 1885, for West Donegal,
1892-1900; imprisoned under the Crimes Act, 1888; author of much
patriotic verse, of which the best known was "God Save Ireland,"
and of some volumes in prose.

APRIL.

=The Dowager Empress of Japan= (Haruko, widow of the Emperor
Mutsuhito, who d. 1913), d. at the Numadzu Palace, April 9,
aged 63. The dau. of Prince Ichijo Tadaha, and a member of the
Fujuvana clan, she m. the late Emperor, February 9, 1869. She was
eminent for her love of art and literature, and, like her husband,
successfully adapted herself to the transition from the old to the
new order in Japan. She did much to raise the status of Japanese
women, and was active in charitable work and in supporting the Red
Cross organisation for the care of the wounded in war.

=Paul Révoil=, an eminent French diplomat, d. at Mouriez, near
Arles, on April 27, aged 58. B. at Nîmes in 1856, he became a
barrister and published a volume of verse, but in 1896 entered
the public service, and was _chef de cabinet_ successively to the
Colonial, Agricultural, and Foreign Ministers, and in 1893 became
Director of Consular Services at the Foreign Office. In 1895
he was made Assistant to the French Resident at Tunis, in 1900
Minister to Morocco; from 1901 to 1903 he was Governor-General of
Algeria, where he created the "Southern Territories," and reformed
the forest laws and the judicial system. In 1905 he was charged
with the negotiations with the German Government which led to the
Algeciras Conference, where he was first French plenipotentiary,
and on its conclusion he was sent as Ambassador to Berne. Here
he carried out important customs negotiations with the Swiss
Government, and then was transferred as Ambassador to Madrid, but
in 1910 he resigned and became a Director of the Imperial Ottoman
Bank, retiring, owing to ill-health, in 1913. A hard worker and not
of robust constitution, he spent himself in his labours, and it was
to him as much as to any man that France owes the consolidation of
her dominion in North Africa.

=Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse=, the chief German novelist of his
time, died early in April, aged 84. Born at Berlin, March 15, 1830,
the s. of a Professor of Philology and a Jewish mother, he studied
classical and romance literature of the Universities of Berlin and
Bonn, and after gaining his degree with a thesis on the _refrain_
in troubadour songs, he travelled in Switzerland and Italy
searching for historical examples of Romance literature. In 1854,
King Maximilian of Bavaria invited him to Munich, where he settled
for many years; later in life he lived at Gardone Riviera, on the
Lago di Garda. He wrote many narrative and epic poems, among them
"Francesca di Rimini," "Die Braut von Cypern," and "Ulrica," some
fifty dramas, twenty-four volumes of short stories, nine long
novels, and several works of criticism. He was regarded as "the
creator of the short story" in Germany. He was at his best as a
novelist, possessing great power of invention and of psychological
description. He also translated much from Italian and Spanish.

=Ayub Khan=, s. of the Amir Shere Ali of Afghanistan, d. at Lahore
about the middle of April, aged 59. His father having been expelled
and his brother, Yakub Khan, compelled to abdicate, the British
Government recognised Abdur Rahman as Amir, but refused to let him
keep Kandahar, and retained it for Great Britain. In June, 1880,
Ayub Khan led an army against it, and defeated General Burrow's
army at Maiwand on July 27, gaining the most decided victory
over British forces ever gained by an Asiatic leader in India.
Thereafter he laid siege to Kandahar, which was relieved by Sir F.
(afterwards Earl) Roberts on September 1 with 10,000 picked troops.
Ayub fled to Persia, but returned to revolt against Abdur Rahman in
1887 at Herat. He was defeated, however, and, after surrendering to
the British Consul at Meshed, was placed at Lahore for the rest of
life as a state prisoner.

On the 1st, aged 80, =Sir Augustus Riversdale Warren=, fifth
Baronet; served in the Crimea and Indian Mutiny; High Sheriff of
Co. Cork, 1867; succeeded his father, 1863; Conservative Candidate
for Co. Cork (S.E.), 1885; m. (1), 1864, Georgina, dau. of Rev.
J. Blennerhassett; she d. 1893; (2) 1898, Ella, dau. of Gen. J.
O. Chichester; succeeded by his s. On the 1st, aged 85, =Angelo
Mariani=, a Corsican by birth, inventor of a well-known tonic wine,
and a conspicuous figure in Parisian life. On the 3rd, aged 77,
=Susanna Ibsen=, _née_ Thoresen, daughter of a Norwegian pastor and
widow of Henrik Ibsen, the great dramatist. On the 3rd, aged 71,
=Sir Hubert Edward Henry Jerningham, K.C.M.G.=, for twenty-five
years in the Diplomatic Service; Liberal M.P. for Berwick-on-Tweed,
1881-5; afterwards held various Colonial appointments, including
the Governorships of Mauritius and Trinidad; had written a volume
of Reminiscences, and other books. On the 3rd, aged 79, =Colonel
Edward Lacon Ommaney, C.S.I.=, served in the Mutiny in the 59th
Bengal Native Infantry, and had charge of the ex-King of Oude;
afterwards held various civil appointments on the Indian frontier.
On the 4th, aged 66, =Major-General Sir Henry Hallam-Parr, K.C.B.=,
distinguished in the Zulu War of 1879, the Egyptian Campaign of
1882, and the Sudan Campaign of 1885, commanded the N.W. district,
1902-4. On the 4th, aged 65, =Sir Richard Mottram, J.P.=, Mayor
of Salford, 1894-8. On the 4th, aged 51, =Colonel Arthur Forbes
Montanaro, C.B., M.V.O.=; distinguished in the Ashanti Campaigns
of 1895 and 1900, and commander of the Aro Expedition in Nigeria,
1901-2. On the 4th, aged 79, =Frederick Weyerhaeuser=, the
American "Lumber King"; of German origin; very little was known
of him except that he was probably the wealthiest man in America;
he was believed to own 50,000 square miles of timber lands. On
the 5th, aged 88, =Mrs. Henrietta Huxley=, _née_ Heathorn, and
widow of T. H. Huxley, the famous biologist; emigrated with her
family to Australia in 1843; the devoted helper of her husband,
and a writer in later life of verse. On the 6th, aged 89, =Edward
Marston=, sometime of the famous publishing firm of Sampson Low,
Marston & Co.; associated in this capacity with Charles Reade,
R. D. Blackmore (whose "Lorna Doone" he accepted after its
rejection elsewhere), William Black, Mrs. Beecher Stowe, Charles
Reade, Admiral Mahan, H. M. Stanley, and other authors; a great
fisherman, and author of books on fishing and other works. On
the 6th, aged about 80, the =Rev. Frederic Vaughan Mather=, hon.
Canon of Bristol and Vicar of St. Paul, Clifton, 1853-88; long
Proctor in Convocation for the diocese of Gloucester and Bristol.
On the 7th, aged 79, =Robert Edward Treston Forrest=, sometime
Indian Public Works Department; designed the Lower Ganges canal,
and discovered the Khalsi inscription; author of "Eight Days"
(Mutiny experiences), and of many articles on India. On the 7th,
aged 64, =Robert Harris=, head of the Art Department of St.
Paul's School since 1879, and an Alderman of Fulham. About the
8th, aged 43, =Major Wilfrid John Venour, D.S.O.=, Royal Dublin
Fusiliers; distinguished in the South African War and in the Aro
Expedition in Nigeria in 1902. On the 9th, aged 79, the =Rev. Canon
Joseph McCormick=, Rector since 1900 of St. James's, Piccadilly,
previously Vicar of St. Augustine's, Highbury, 1894-1900, and
of Holy Trinity, Hull, 1875-94; Chaplain in Ordinary to Queen
Victoria; in early life a noted cricketer; a prominent Evangelical.
On the 9th, aged 84, the =Rt. Hon. Sir Charles Harbord, Bt.,
G.C.V.O., K.C.B.=, fifth =Baron Suffield=; succeeded his brother,
1853; sometime 17th Hussars; a neighbour and personal friend
of King Edward VII.; in early life a prominent sportsman and
gentleman rider; m. (1), 1854, Cecilia, dau. of Henry Baring; she
d. 1911; (2), 1911, Frances, dau. of Major R. P. Gabbatt, R. A.,
and widow of Colonel C. P. Rich; succeeded by his s. On the 11th,
aged 62, as the result of a motor-car accident, =Sam Wiener=, a
prominent Belgian Liberal Senator and Brussels lawyer, sometime a
member of the Council of the Congo Free State. About the 11th, aged
58, =Heinrich Wilhelm Petri=, an eminent violinist and composer;
by birth a native of Holland, but had passed most of his career
in Germany. On the 13th, aged 42, murdered by his orderly at Tauk
on the N.W. frontier of India, =Major George Dodd=, sometime
27th Punjabis, distinguished in the Waziristan Expedition of
1901-2, Political Agent in South Waziristan since 1910, and one
of the ablest of Indian frontier officers. On the 14th, aged 87,
Frances Jane Pursell, better known under her name in religion of
=Mother St. George=, the last survivor of the band of women who
volunteered with Florence Nightingale to nurse the Crimean sick
and wounded; for over thirty years Superior of the Convent of the
Faithful Virgin at Folkestone. On the 15th, aged 78, =Major-General
Henry Edmeades, R.A.= (retired), =D.L.=, and =J.P.= for Kent; had
served in the Indian Mutiny and the Boer War. On the 15th, aged
82, =Sir John William Ramsden=, fourth Baronet, Lord of the Manor
of Huddersfield; Liberal M.P. during a period exceeding thirty
years for various constituencies of which the last was Osgoldcross
(Yorks, West Riding); Under-Secretary of State for War, 1857-8; m.,
1865, Lady Helen St. Maur, dau. of Duke of Somerset; she d. 1910;
succ. by his s. On the 15th, aged 56, =Sir Delves Louis Broughton=,
tenth Baronet; succeeded his father 1899; m. (1), 1881, Rosamond,
dau. of J. L. Broughton (she d. 1885); (2) 1887, Mary Evelyn,
dau. of R. H. Cotton; succeeded by his s. On the 15th, aged 53,
=McMurdo Pasha= (Capt. Arthur Montagu Murdo, D.S.O., F.R.C.S.),
distinguished in the Sudan in 1888-9 and sometime Director of the
Egyptian Government Service for the repression of the Slave Trade.
On the 15th, aged 80, =General Sir George Digby Barker, G.C.B.=;
distinguished in the Indian Mutiny; sometime Assistant Director
of Education at the War Office; commander of the forces in China,
1890-5; Governor of the Bermudas, 1896-1902. On the 16th, aged
67, =Hermann Ahlwardt=, sometime a schoolmaster in Germany, but
best known as a violent anti-Semite. On the 17th, aged 74, the
=Rt. Rev. Monsignor Walter Croke Robinson=, sometime Fellow of New
College, Oxford; went over to Rome, 1872; Rector of the Catholic
University College, Kensington, 1875-8; a well-known and popular
preacher; in his youth a keen cricketer. On the 18th, aged 79,
the =Rev. Walter John Edmonds, B.D.= (Lambeth), Chancellor and
sometime Canon of Exeter Cathedral; a C.M.S. missionary in India,
1860-3; Rector of High Bray, Devon, 1874-85, Vicar of St. George,
Twerton, 1889-91; Proctor in Convocation for the Dean and Chapter
of Exeter; author of a remarkable paper on "The Bible in History."
About the 18th, aged 54, at Avignon, =Samuel Rutherford Crockett=,
the well-known Scottish "Kailyard" novelist; sometime Minister of
the Free Kirk at Penicuik, Galloway; made a great success with
"The Stickit Minister," "The Lilac Sunbonnet," and other novels
about 1893; wrote in all some fifty volumes; an extremely skilful
storyteller. On the 20th, aged 77, =General the Rt. Hon. Sir Henry
Brackenbury, G.C.B., K.C.S.I., R.A.=, distinguished himself in
officially supervising aid to the wounded in the Franco-German
War, and also in West and South African warfare in the seventies
and the Nile Campaign, 1884-5. Director of Military Intelligence,
1886-91, Military Member of the Viceroy's Council in India, 1891-6;
subsequently Director of Ordnance; had written important work on
military history. On the 20th, aged 79, =Wilhelm von Breitling=,
sometime Prime Minister of Würtemberg and author of the reform of
its Parliament, completed in 1906. On the 21st, aged 77, =Sir Edwin
Durning-Lawrence=, first Baronet, cr. 1898, Liberal Unionist M.P.
for Cornwall (Truro), 1895-1906; stood there unsuccessfully 1906
and 1910; best known for his ingenious work "Shakespeare is Bacon,"
and for its abridged version, "The Shakespeare Myth." He m.,
1874, Edith, dau. of J. B. Smith, and in 1898 took the surname of
Durning. On the 21st, aged 72, the =Rev. Robert Bolton Ransford=,
Vicar since 1895 of St. Paul's, Upper Norwood, and Canon of
Rochester, a strong Evangelical; indirectly originated the Girls'
Friendly Society. On the 24th, aged 86, =Sir John Wrixon-Becher=,
third Baronet; succeeded his brother, 1893; m., 1857, Lady Emily
Hare, dau. of the second Earl of Listowel; succeeded by his s.
On the 24th, aged 58, =Vice-Admiral Robert Henry Simpson Stokes,
R.N.=, just appointed senior officer on the Irish coast, and
recently Superintendent of Devonport dockyard. On the 25th, aged
81, =Baron Geza Fejervary=, Prime Minister of Hungary during
the crisis of 1905-6, when he represented the Crown against the
Parliament; Minister of National Defence till 1903, and chief
organiser of the Houved Army; distinguished in the Austro-Italian
War of 1862. On the 25th, aged 60, =William Otto Adolph Julius
Danckwerts, K.C.=, an eminent and learned barrister of the Inner
Temple; specially skilled in taxation and local government law.
On the 25th, aged 83, #Dr. Edward Suess#, Professor of Geology
at Vienna University, a noted seismologist, and a member of the
City Council and the Reichsrath. On the 26th, #Thomas J. Barratt#,
head of the firm of A. & F. Pears, the well-known soap-makers,
whose business he increased greatly by lavish advertisement;
his reproductions of Millais's "Bubbles" as a poster was the
foundation of the modern application of art to advertising; a keen
art collector and author of a volume of "Annals of Hampstead." On
the 26th, aged 71, #George Frederik Baer#, an eminent American
railroad lawyer; began life as a printer, served in the War of
Secession, and was a confidential adviser of J. Pierpont Morgan
and President of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company;
a keen adversary of trade unionism. On the 26th, aged 60, the
#Rev. Arthur Newton Johnson#, secretary since 1892 of the London
Missionary Society, whose income he greatly increased; joint author
with Dr. Wardlaw Thompson of a work on British Foreign Missions,
previously a Congregationalist pastor. On the 27th, suddenly, aged
60, #Sir George Doughty#, M.P. for Grimsby since 1895, except
between the two elections of 1910; a Liberal, 1895-8, subsequently
a militant Unionist and ultimately a keen Tariff Reformer; twice
Mayor of Grimsby and a leader in its fishing industry; began life
as a joiner; had done much to promote the growth of Grimsby;
knighted 1904. On the 27th, aged 59, #George Chawner#, Fellow and
Librarian of King's College, Cambridge; Eighth Classic, 1877,
and a Chancellor's medallist, Bell Scholar 1894, Porson Prizeman
1896. On the 28th, aged 61, #William Edwin Harvey#, Labour M.P.
for North-East Derbyshire since 1907, a prominent official of the
Derbyshire Miners' Association and a Primitive Methodist local
preacher. On the 30th, aged 75, #Philippe van Tieghem#, an eminent
French botanist. Among the deaths also reported during the month
were those of #James Henry Apjohn, M.A.#, late chief engineer,
Inland Public Works Department, who constructed the Orissa Coast
Canal and completed the Kidderpore Docks at Calcutta; and of
#George Borthwick#, a prominent Chancery barrister, sometime
captain of the Uppingham School eleven, who rowed in the Cambridge
boat in the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race in 1864 and 1865.

MAY.

=The Duke of Argyll.=--Sir John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, ninth
Duke of Argyll in the Peerage of Scotland and second in that of the
United Kingdom, hereditary chief of the Clan Campbell, K.G., K.T.,
G.C.M.G., died of double pneumonia, May 2, aged 69. To his own
generation he was probably better known as the Marquess of Lorne.
B. August 6, 1845, and educated at Edinburgh Academy, Eton, St.
Andrews University, and Trinity College, Cambridge, he was Liberal
M.P. for Argyllshire, 1868-78, and married Princess Louise, dau.
of Queen Victoria, March 21, 1871. When his father was Secretary
of State for India (1868-71) he was his private secretary; he
was made a Privy Councillor in 1875, and was Governor-General of
Canada 1878-83. In 1892 he contested Central Bradford as a Liberal
Unionist, and from 1895 to 1900 represented South Manchester,
but in 1900 succeeded his father in the Dukedom. King Edward
VII. appointed him Chancellor of the Order of St. Michael and
St. George; he was Hereditary Master of the King's Household in
Scotland, and at the Coronations of King Edward and King George he
bore the Sceptre and the Garter. He was hon. Colonel of the 3rd
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, the London Scottish, and other
regiments, and a loyal Scottish patriot. A many-sided man, his
tastes were rather literary than, like his father's, philosophic
or scientific, and he wrote verse, books on travel, on Imperial
politics, and on Scottish social history. Among them were "A Trip
to the Tropics and Home through America" (1867); "Guido and Lita"
(1875); "Imperial Federation" (1885); a Life of Palmerston (1892);
"The Life and Times of Queen Victoria" (1901); "Passages from the
Past" (1907); and "Yesterday and To-day in Canada" (1910). He left
no issue, and was succeeded by his nephew.

=Sir Joseph Wilson Swan=, the eminent electrician and photographic
chemist, died at his house at Warlingham, Surrey, on May 28, aged
85. B. October 31, 1828, at Sunderland, he served as assistant
to a chemist and druggist in order to learn chemistry, and
then was employed by a firm of chemical manufacturers. With
a fellow-employee named Mawson he took up the manufacture of
photographic chemicals, and the firm of Mawson & Swan became
famous, introducing the gelatine dry plate (1877), bromide paper
(1879), and the carbon or autotype process which Swan invented.
He also introduced improvements in electro-metallurgy, and the
Swan incandescent electric lamp, the forerunner of all those of
which the use eventually became established. He was made F.R.S.
in 1894, and ten years later was awarded the Hughes medal of the
Society and was knighted. He had been President of the Society of
Chemical Industry and the Institution of Electrical Engineers, and
Vice-President of the Senate of University College, London. He had
numerous honorary distinctions and medals, and was a Chevalier of
the Legion of Honour. He m. (1), 1862, Frances, dau. of W. White,
she d. 1868; (2), Hannah, dau. of W. White; and he left a family.

=Francis Kossuth=, leader of the Independence party in Hungary
and sometime Minister of Commerce, died after a painful illness
at Budapest on May 25, aged 72. B. in Budapest in October, 1841,
he was captured in 1849 by the Austrian troops and restored to
his father the famous Hungarian revolutionist, at Kutchia in
Turkey, after the failure of the revolution, and was educated at
Harrow, the University of London (where he won a prize in 1859),
and the Paris _École Polytechnique_. Becoming an engineer, he
was employed in the construction of the Forest of Dean Railway,
of the Mont Cenis Tunnel, and of the Ligurian railways, and as
managing engineer of a British coal-mining enterprise in the
Romagna. In 1877 he settled at Naples as Director of the Impresa
Industriale Italiana. He was invited, after the restoration of
the Hungarian Constitution, to take an active part in Hungarian
politics, and was even elected by two constituencies. But it was
only on attending his father's funeral in 1894, at Budapest, that
he decided to accept the invitation to become the titular chief
of the "Party of 1848," and took the oath of allegiance; in 1895
he was elected deputy for Tapolca, in 1896 for Czegled, which he
represented till his death. He was, at any rate nominally, leader
of the ultra-Nationalist Opposition or "Independence party" against
the successive Ministries of Bánffy, Szell, Khuen-Hedervary,
Szapáry and Tisza, exercising influence both in Parliament and
through articles in the _Egyetertes_. In 1905 his party won a great
victory at the general election, and his name was submitted to
the Emperor-King as Prime Minister; but an "extra-Parliamentary
Ministry of Combat" was formed under Baron Fejervary, and to this
he offered strenuous resistance. In 1906 the Emperor gave way
and accepted a Nationalist Ministry, in which Kossuth took the
portfolio of Commerce; but in 1909 the party, after falsifying most
of its promises, split on the question of an independent Hungarian
State Bank, and the extremists under Justh outnumbered his section.
The Ministry then fell, and Count Khuen-Hedervary succeeded (A.R.,
1910, p. 318). The Nationalists' split reduced them to impotence.
Kossuth was not in fact a militant politician, and was forced into
politics as his father's son. He was a man of many accomplishments,
an artist and a musician. He m. (1), 1876, Emily Hoggins, an
Englishwoman; (2), 1914, the widow of Count Beyrovski.

=Don Eugenio Montero Rios=, Prime Minister of Spain in 1905, and
Liberal leader 1903-6, died at Madrid on May 12, aged 82. Born
at Santiago di Compostella, he was destined for the priesthood,
but became a barrister and a teacher of ecclesiastical law. In
1864 he became Professor of Canon Law at Madrid University, and
in 1869 entered the Cortes as a follower of Ruiz Zorilla. One of
his first speeches there was in defence of freedom of worship.
As Minister of Justice in General Prim's Cabinet he introduced
important judicial reforms, and he drew up King Amedeo's Act of
Abdication. After this he retired from politics for a time, but
accepted the Restored monarchy, and in 1881 became one of the
founders of the Radical party and was Minister of Justice in 1889.
In 1895 he was one of the negotiators of the peace with the United
States at Paris. In 1903, after Sagasta's death, he was elected
leader of the Liberal party, and in 1905 became Prime Minister,
but resigned during the conflict caused by the conduct of certain
officers in Barcelona in 1905, and was succeeded by Señor Moret. He
resigned the Liberal leadership in 1906, but remained the Nestor
of the party, occasionally exercising a decisive influence in its
internal crises. Amongst the reforms he introduced were civil
registration, civil marriage, important alterations in criminal law
and procedure, and the appointment of Judges for life.

=William Aldis Wright=, one of the leading English scholars of his
time, died at Cambridge on May 19, aged 82. The son of William
Wright, a Nonconformist minister, he was educated at Beccles
Grammar School, and Trinity College, Cambridge, becoming Scholar
and eventually Librarian, and assumed the name of Aldis on taking
his B.A. degree in 1858. He had been 18th Wrangler in 1856, and
was one of the earliest Nonconformist graduates of his University.
His earliest work consisted in a number of articles in Smith's
"Dictionary of the Bible"; in the 'sixties of the last century
he edited "Bacon's Essays" for the Golden Treasury Series, and
collaborated in editing the "Globe Shakespeare" and the "Cambridge
Shakespeare," and in starting the _Journal of Philology_ in 1868.
He was Secretary of the Old Testament Revision Committee throughout
its existence (1870-85), Senior Bursar of his College, and Syndic
of the University Press, 1872-1910. He edited mediæval English
works for the Early English Text Society, and the literary remains
and letters of his intimate friend Edward Fitzgerald, and produced
editions of Milton and Ascham, as well as an edition of a Hebrew
commentary on the Book of Job. An expert alike in palæography and
bibliography, he was best known for his work in English literature.

=Madame Nordica=, the celebrated _prima donna_ (in private life
Mrs. George Washington Young, and before her marriage Lilian
Norton), died on May 10, at Batavia, through a chill contracted
aboard the steamer _Tasman_, stranded _en route_ from Queensland.
B. at Farmington, Maine, she studied music in Boston, and made her
first appearance in England at the Crystal Palace in 1878. She then
studied at Milan under Sangiovanni, and appeared in grand opera
("La Traviata" as Violetta) at Brescia in 1879. Her chief part was
Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust"; but she sang repeatedly also in
Wagner's operas, notably the part of Elsa in "Lohengrin" in 1894.
She was a familiar and famous figure on the operatic stage in
London, Paris, and St. Petersburg.

On the 1st, aged 65, =Sir James Henderson=, managing proprietor
of the _Belfast Newsletter_ and _Belfast Weekly News_; first
Lord Mayor of the extended city of Belfast, 1898. About the 3rd,
=Robert Kaye Grey, M. Inst. C.E.=, President of the Institute of
Electrical Engineers in 1903; sometime engineer-in-chief to the
Silvertown Telegraph Works, and an electrician of some eminence. On
the 3rd, suddenly, on a steamer on Lake Ontario, aged 50, the =Rev.
Charles Silvester Horne=, Liberal M.P. for Ipswich and a prominent
Congregationalist Minister; had been pastor of Whitefield's Church,
Tottenham-Court Road, 1903-14; an active promoter of religious
and social work, especially the "Brotherhood Movement"; m. Miss
Cozens-Hardy, dau. of the Master of the Rolls. On the 4th, in
New York, aged 88, =Major-General Daniel Edgar Sickles, U.S.A.=;
commanded the Third Army Corps at the battle of Gettysburg, and
saw much service in the Civil War; in early life a lawyer, member
of the New York State Senate 1856-7, and a member of Congress for
New York 1857-61; had also been Secretary of Legation in London
in 1853-5, and Minister to the Hague 1866, and to Madrid 1869-73;
member of Congress 1892-4; awarded medal of honour for gallantry at
Gettysburg. On the 5th, aged 48, =Reginald Jaffray Lucas=, Unionist
M.P. for Portsmouth 1900-6. On the 8th, aged 76, the =Rev. Henry
Hahoney Davey=, Chancellor of Chichester Cathedral, of some note as
an archæologist, and a prominent Freemason. On the 9th, aged 52,
=Paul Heroult=, a distinguished French metallurgist and engineer.
About the 9th, aged 76, =Admiral Edgar Humann= of the French Navy,
who forced his way up the River Menam to obtain satisfaction from
Siam for French claims in 1893; had been Commander-in-Chief of the
French Fleet in the Mediterranean, 1897-8. On the 9th, =Charles
W. Post=, as well-known American manufacturer of cereal foods and
a strong opponent of trade unionism. On the 10th, aged 61, =Sir
William Alexander Smith=, of Glasgow, founder and secretary of
the Boys' Brigade. About the 10th, aged 70, =Colonel W. Holden
Webb=, sometime of the British and Indian Army, subsequently
Acting Commandant of the New Zealand Defence Forces, and a member
and Secretary of the Council of Defence of the Dominion. On the
11th, aged 95, =Frederick Pennington=, Liberal M.P. for Stockport
1874-85; a member of the Council of the anti-Corn Law League,
and a friend of Bright and Cobden. On the 11th, aged 64, =James
Reid Wilson=, of Montreal, a prominent Canadian millionaire and
collector of pictures. On the 13th, aged 70, =Henry Richardson=,
from 1870 to 1905 a master at Marlborough College, and one of the
most devoted friends of the school. On the 13th, aged 72, =Charles
Trice Martin, F.S.A.=, of the Record Office; hon. secretary of
the Pipe Rolls Society; had edited and written important works
on the Public Records, and assisted in calendaring various State
Papers. On the 14th, aged 76, =Major-General Thomas Scovell Bigge,
C.B.=, a Crimean and Mutiny veteran; had served in the expedition
for the relief of Lucknow. On the 14th, aged 58, =Frederick de
Bartzch Monk=, one of the leaders of the Canadian Conservative
parties and member for Jacques Cartier in the Dominion Parliament
since 1896; was Minister of Public Works in the Borden Ministry,
1911, but retired owing to his connexion with Quebec Nationalism;
a learned constitutional lawyer and son of an eminent Judge.
About the 14th, aged 74, =William Wainwright=, Vice-President
of the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, and in its service since
1862; a Manchester man. On the 18th, drowned in Ceylon, =Edward
Russell Ayrton=, Archæological Commissioner for that Colony, and
previously connected with the Egypt Exploration Fund, where he did
much valuable work. On the 18th, aged 67, =Admiral Sir Charles
Carter Drury, G.C.B., G.C.V.O.=, Second Sea Lord of the Admiralty
1902-5; Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean 1907-8, and at the
Nore 1908-11; a native of New Brunswick. On the 19th, aged 56,
=Mrs. Margaret Mary Russell Cooke=, dau. of Eustace Smith, M.P.
for Tynemouth; m. (1) Ashton Dilke, brother of Sir Charles Dilke;
(2) W. Russell Cooke, barrister; was on the London School Board
1889-92. On the 19th, aged 78, =John Wesley Hales=, Professor of
English Literature at King's College, London, 1882-1903, and twice
Clark Lecturer in English Literature at Trinity College, Cambridge;
educated at Christ's College, Cambridge; Fourth Classic and 15th
Junior Optime 1859, and a Fellow of his College; had written essays
on English literature and on Shakespeare, and edited Elizabethan
poems; a contributor to the "Dictionary of National Biography."
On the 20th, aged 51, =Alderman William Thompson=, a well-known
housing expert and manager of a "garden city" enterprise; sometime
Mayor of Richmond, Surrey. About the 20th, aged 54, =Stephen
Townesend, F.R.C.S.=, husband of the authoress Frances Hodgson
Burnett, with whom he collaborated in many plays; had also written
novels, chiefly concerned with hospital life. On the 21st, =Sir
Pieter Faure=, Colonial Secretary and Minister of Agriculture in
the Sprigg and Jameson Ministries in Cape Colony. On the 21st,
=Sir Francis Laking=, first Baronet, G.C.V.O., K.C.B., long one
of the physicians of the Royal Household. On the 22nd, suddenly,
in court, =Sir Thomas Crossley Rayner=, Chief Justice of British
Guiana since 1912, previously Attorney-General; Chief Justice of
Lagos 1895-1902; a native of Manchester. On the 22nd, aged 82,
the =Rev. Arthur Mursell=, long a prominent Baptist Minister;
pastor of the Stockwell (South Lambeth) Baptist Chapel 1866-78 and
1887-1909; also an able popular lecturer, and one of the small
body of Nonconformist Unionists. On the 23rd, aged 64, =Charles
Davis, M.V.O.=, a prominent London art dealer and expert. On the
23rd, aged 75, =Philip Henry Pye-Smith, M.D., F.R.S.=, for many
years on the medical staff of Guy's Hospital and a prominent London
consultant; had edited and written important medical works. On the
23rd, aged 72, =Sir Alexander Campbell= of Aberuchill and Kilbryde,
sixth Baronet; succeeded his father 1903; Colonel R.H.A. (ret.);
m. (1) Edith, dau. of Alexander Jauncy; she d. 1884; (2) Annie,
dau. of R. H. Mitford and widow of Walter James; succeeded by his
(second) s. On the 24th, aged 69, =David=, eleventh =Viscount
Arbuthnott=; succeeded his brother 1895; succeeded by his brother.
On the 25th, aged 98, the =Rev. John Birch-Reynardson=, for
sixty-nine years Rector of Careby with Holywell, Lincolnshire;
had restored Careby Church at his own cost, and was well known
for his benevolence. On the 25th, aged 76, =Sir Francis Flint
Belsey=, Chairman of the Council of the Sunday School Union; and
President of the World's First Sunday School Convention 1889;
Liberal candidate for Kent (Faversham) 1885, Rochester 1886; twice
Mayor of Rochester, his native place, and for twenty-seven years
on its School Board. On the 25th, aged 53, =Heinrich Vogelsang=,
agent of Herr Lüderitz of Hamburg in founding in 1883 the first
German settlement at Angra Pequeña, which next year became the
German colony of South-West Africa. On the 26th, aged 85, =Sir
John Heathcoat-Amory=, first Baronet (cr. 1874); Liberal M.P. for
Tiverton 1868-85; a well-known master of foxhounds; assumed his
grandfather's name and arms of Heathcoat 1874; m. 1863, Henrietta,
dau. of William Unwin; succeeded by his s. On the 29th, aged 75,
=Paul von Mauser=, inventor of the Mauser rifle; son of a gunsmith,
he worked at Liège with his brother, supported by an American
capitalist named Norris, at improving the Prussian needle-gun from
1867 onwards, and secured the adoption of his weapon by the German
army in 1871; improved types followed until 1898; also invented
self-loading pistols, and claimed to have supplied 8,000,000
weapons; held many distinctions and orders, and was a member of
the Reichstag 1898-1903. On the 29th, aged 67, =Prince Peter
Dimitrievitch Sviatopolk-Mirski=, Russian Minister of the Interior
1904-5; previously Governor of various Russian provinces; regarded
when Minister as inclined to Liberalism. On the 29th, drowned in
the _Empress of Ireland_, aged 61, =Sir Henry Seton-Karr=, Unionist
member for Lancs. S.W. (St. Helens) 1885-1906, a well-known
sportsman and big game shot and writer on sport; and also =Mr.
Laurence Irving=, younger son of Sir Henry Irving, an actor and
playwright of distinction, and his wife (known on the stage as
=Miss Mabel Hackney=), at one time leading lady in Sir Henry
Irving's company. On the 30th, aged 62, =General Von Deines=, head
of a department in the Great General Staff of the German Army,
1901-6; reformed the Garrison Artillery so as to enable it to
be used in the field, thus preparing effectively for the war of
1914. On the 30th, aged 78, the =Rev. Leonard Edmund Shelford=,
Prebendary of St. Paul's and Rector since 1903 of St. Martin's
in the Fields; previously Rector of Stoke Newington 1886-1903,
and Vicar of St. Matthew's, Upper Clapton, 1866-86; an earnest
worker and a Liberal Churchman. On the 30th, aged 81, =Colonel
Oliver Ormerod Walker=, Conservative M.P. for Salford 1877-80, and
High Sheriff of Lancashire 1876. On the 30th, aged 50, =Professor
George Dean= of Aberdeen University, an eminent bacteriologist. On
the 30th, aged 56, =John Sutherland Sinclair=, seventeenth =Earl
of Caithness=; had spent most of his life in the United States;
succeeded his father in 1891; unmarried; succeeded by his brother.
On the 30th, aged 55, =Dr. Philipp Schwartzkopff=, long virtual
Minister of Education in Prussia, and since 1912 Ober-Prësident
of the Prussian province of Posen. On the 30th, aged 80, =Surgeon
Major-General Robert Lewer=; had served in the Russian War of 1856
and distinguished himself in the Afghan War of 1878.

JUNE.

=The Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Este= (Franz Ferdinand
Karl Ludwig Joseph) was murdered at Sarajevo on June 28. The
eldest s. of the Emperor Francis Joseph's brother, the Archduke
Charles Louis, and of his wife Maria Annunziata, dau. of Ferdinand
II., King of Naples, he was brought up under the direction, from
the age of eight, of his stepmother, Maria Theresa, dau. of Don
Miguel of Portugal. His training made him a devout and convinced
supporter of Clericalism in Austria, a good rider and shot, and
a painstaking cavalry officer, and his natural tastes were those
of a country gentleman; but he had devoted no special attention
to public affairs till the suicide or murder of the Crown Prince
Rudolph in 1889. Then he became heir to the thrones of the Dual
Monarchy and was slowly, and with some resentment on his part at
the scant confidence shown him by the Emperor, initiated into its
politics. In 1889 he was sent round the world on a warship, and
on his return published an account of his travels. This shows him
to have been a pleasant, energetic youth, of wide interests and
considerable intellectual activity, gifted, as he says, with a
mania for museums, and quite ready to join in the deck sports of
a liner or the time-honoured ceremony of receiving, and paying
toll to, Father Neptune on crossing the Line. In the course of
his tour he stayed with the Marquess of Lansdowne, then Viceroy
of India, on whom he made a very favourable impression. In 1900
he m. the Countess von Chotek (_post_) and resigned her right and
that of his future children to the Crowns of Austria and Hungary.
She was believed to exercise a controlling influence over him;
and popular rumour credited him with strong proclivities for the
Clerical and Christian Socialist parties, with hostility to the
Magyars, and with a desire to counterbalance their power by the
strengthening of the Slav elements in the Austrian dominions,
whom he hoped to see converted to Roman Catholicism. He proposed
to bring representatives of Bohemia and Poland, as well as of
Austria and Hungary, when he attended the coronation of King Edward
VII.; and he resented the telegram of thanks sent by the German
Emperor to the Austrian Emperor after the Congress of Algeciras.
He was believed, also, to have favoured a forward policy for
Austria-Hungary in South-Eastern Europe, and to have promoted
the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1913 he visited
King George V. and was personally much liked by those who had
met him, and he was expected to prove a thoroughly earnest and
conscientious, though somewhat reactionary, ruler.

=The Duchess of Hohenberg=, before her marriage Countess Sophie
Maria Josephine Albine Chotek of Chotkowa and Wognin, belonged to
an ancient and in earlier days an illustrious Bohemian family;
she was b. at Stuttgart, March 1, 1868, m. the Archduke Franz
Ferdinand morganatically July 1, 1899. When he met her she was
lady-in-waiting to the Archduchess Isabella, wife of the Archduke
Frederick of Austria. It was purely a love match, and entailed
the resignation by the bridegroom of all rights attaching to his
offspring, though it was doubtful whether the renunciation was
valid in Hungary. She was a devoted wife, a fervent Catholic, and
was believed to keep her husband's bellicose tendencies in check.
Her position at the Court of Vienna was an extremely difficult one;
but it was gradually regularised, by the conferment upon her of the
title of Princess of Hohenberg in 1900, of that of Serene Highness,
for herself and her descendants, in 1905, and of Duchess of
Hohenberg in 1909. In private life she was an enthusiastic poultry
fancier. She left three children.

=The Grand Duke of Mecklenburg Strelitz= (Adolf Friedrich) died
June 11, aged 65. The s. of Grand Duke Friedrich Wilhelm and of
Princess Augusta, daughter of the Duke of Cambridge, he was b.
July 22, 1848, and succeeded his father May 30, 1904. He m. in
1877 Princess Elizabeth of Anhalt, and was succeeded by his only
s. Adolph Friedrich. One of his two daughters m. Prince Danilo of
Montenegro. He was a first cousin of Queen Mary, her mother and his
having been sisters. He was a Knight of the Garter. Alone among
German princely houses, his family boasts a Slavonic origin.

=The Earl of Wemyss.=--Francis Wemyss Charteris Douglas, tenth Earl
of Wemyss, Earl of March in the Peerage of Scotland, and Baron
Wemyss in that of the United Kingdom, died after a short illness
in London on June 30, aged 95. B. August 4, 1818, s. of the ninth
Earl of Wemyss and of Lady Louisa Bingham, dau. of the second Earl
of Lucan, he was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, and
represented East Gloucestershire as a Conservative 1841-6, and East
Lothian as an independent Liberal-Conservative 1847-83, when he
succeeded his father in the peerage. He was a Lord of the Treasury
in the Aberdeen Ministry of 1853-5, but never again held office,
and probably never sought it, for he became practically independent
of party. He spoke and voted against the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill
of 1851; he supported the Palmerston Ministry after Lord Aberdeen's
resignation in 1865; and in later years he became one of the most
decided individualists in public life, opposing the reform of the
game laws (1865), the reform of the Scottish law of hypothec so as
to do away with the preferential right of the landlord over other
creditors of the tenant, the legalisation of "peaceful picketing"
in trade disputes, and the Irish land legislation interfering with
freedom of contract from 1870 onwards. He was one of the chief
promoters of the Liberty and Property Defence League, and was
strongly adverse to legislative interference between employers
and employed. His greatest service to his country doubtless lay
in his active promotion of the Volunteer movement. He commanded
the London Scottish 1859-79; and was one of the founders of the
National Rifle Association and Chairman of its Council 1860-7 and
1869-70; and he presented it with the Echo Challenge Shield for
competition. He also took much interest in the fine arts, and
exercised great influence throughout his career on the treatment of
the national collections by the Government. He took an important
part also in promoting the Medical Act of 1858, which established
the General Medical Council and the Medical Register, thus giving a
definite status to the medical profession; and he was a member of
the Trade Union Commission of 1867. He frequently spoke on foreign
politics, and with knowledge. He had been described as a type of
"the cross-bench mind," and also as a Palmerstonian Liberal with
a turn for individualism. He was personally very handsome, and
physically and mentally active and energetic. He m. (1), 1843, Lady
Anne Anson, dau. of the first Earl of Lichfield; she died 1896;
(2) 1900, Grace, dau. of Major Blackburn. He was succeeded by his
fourth s., Lord Elcho.

=The Right Hon. Sir William Reynell Anson, D.C.L.=, third Baronet,
Warden of All Souls' College, Oxford, and M.P. for Oxford
University, died at Oxford on June 4, aged 70. Educated at first
privately, then at Eton and Balliol, he obtained a First Class in
Moderations (1863) and in the Final Classical School (1865), and
was elected Fellow of All Souls in 1867. He practised at the Bar
till 1873, when he succeeded his father in the baronetcy, and in
1874 was appointed Vinerian Reader in English Law at Oxford, where
he took an active part in promoting the foundation of a School of
Law. In 1880 he unsuccessfully contested West Staffordshire as
a Liberal, and in 1881 was elected Warden of his College on the
death of Dr. Leighton. In 1884 he became a member of the Hebdomadal
Council and in 1898 was Vice-Chancellor; he was also Chairman of
Oxfordshire Quarter Sessions and an Alderman of the City of Oxford.
In 1899 he was elected (Unionist) M.P. for Oxford University on
the death of Sir John Mowbray. In 1902 he was made Parliamentary
Secretary of the Board of Education, and, as the representative of
the Education Department in the House of Commons, he had much to
do with defending and bringing into operation the Education Act
of 1903. He wrote "The Principles of the Law of Contract" (1879),
and "The Law and Custom of the Constitution" (1881), both of which
became standard works and passed through several editions. He was a
Fellow of Eton College and a Trustee of the British Museum, and was
very active in University work. He instructed the Prince of Wales
in Constitutional history. He never married, and was succeeded by
his nephew, who was drowned not long afterwards (p. 101).