Chapter XLIX: Part II: Chronicle of Events (7)

On the 1st, =Mrs. G. D. Day=, known professionally as =Miss Lily
Hall Caine=, sister of the eminent novelist, and distinguished
as an actress; had published reminiscences of Dante Gabriel
Rossetti and his sister Christina. On the 1st, aged 61, =Henri
Roujon=, Permanent Secretary since 1903 of the Paris Academy
of Fine Arts, and previously secretary to many leading French
statesmen. On the 1st, aged 54, =Charles Alston Smith-Ryland,
J.P.=, originally Smith, High Sheriff of Warwickshire, 1895; for
a time Unionist candidate for the Stratford-on-Avon division, he
retired through ill-health; took his second surname on inheriting
a large part of the estate of Miss Ryland, whose engagement to
him was discountenanced by her parents. About the 1st, aged 65,
=Jacob A. Riis=, by birth a Dane, a well-known social worker in
New York, had done much to clear its slums, and written important
books on its social problems. On the 2nd, aged 78, =Major-General
the Hon. Sir Savage Lloyd Mostyn, K.C.B.=, son of the second Lord
Mostyn; sometime 23rd Royal Welsh Fusiliers, had served in the
Crimea and Indian Mutiny and distinguished himself in the Ashanti
War of 1873. On the 2nd, aged 89, the =Rev. John Wirken=, sometime
Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, eighth Wrangler
1848; mathematical master at the Perse School, Cambridge, 1865-91.
On the 3rd, aged 62, County Court Judge =James Valentine Austin=,
of the Inner Temple, Judge of the Bristol circuit since 1892, had
also frequently served as an arbitrator in trade disputes. About
the 3rd, aged 84, =Sir George Bingham, K.P.=, Bart., fourth =Earl
of Lucan=, Vice-Admiral of Connaught, and a representative Peer for
Ireland; had served in the Crimea as his father's aide-de-camp, and
been Conservative M.P. for Mayo 1865-74; succeeded his father 1888;
m., 1859, Lady Cecilia Gordon-Lennox, dau. of the fifth Duke of
Richmond; succeeded by his s. About the 3rd, aged 66, =Sir Stanley
Ismay, K.C.S.I.=, late Judicial Commissioner for the Central
Provinces of India. On the 3rd, =Joseph Reynolds Green, D.Sc.,
F.R.S.=, Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge; sometime Professor
of Botany to the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. On the
4th, aged 69, =Sir Douglas Straight=, Judge of the High Court of
Judicature at Allahabad 1879-92; editor of the _Pall Mall Gazette_
1896-1909; had had a large practice at the Bar in the seventies of
the last century, chiefly at the Central Criminal Court, and had
been Conservative M.P. for Stafford 1870-4; contested the borough
again unsuccessfully in 1892; had written boys' books in early
life and done much journalism; very active in philanthropic work.
On the 5th, aged 77, =Henry James Stuart-Richardson=, fifth =Earl
Castlestewart=; m., 1866, Augusta, widow of Major Hugh Massey;
succeeded by his cousin. On the 6th, aged 81, =Walter Theodore
Watts-Dunton=, poet, novelist, and critic; till middle life a
solicitor, he joined the London _Examiner_, a literary weekly
paper, in 1874, and the _Athenæum_ in 1875, writing reviews, mainly
of poetry and romances, almost weekly in the latter till about
1908; wrote much verse, and edited the works of George Borrow, whom
he had known; published "Aylwin", 1898; took his mother's surname
of Dunton 1897; a close friend of the poet Swinburne, who lived
with him for some years and died in his house. On the 7th, aged 77,
the =Rev. John Stephenson=, Vicar of Boston, 1892-1905; Prebendary
of Lincoln; sometime a Missionary under the Society for the
Propagation of the Gospel, and Chaplain to the Viceroy of India.
On the 9th, aged 66, =Maxime Lecomte=, a member of the French
Senate and sometime its Vice-President. On the 10th, the =Rev.
Frederick Maule Millard=, sometime Fellow of Magdalen College,
Oxford, and Headmaster of St. Michael's College, Tenbury; Rector
of Otham 1869-1909. On the 11th, aged 78, =John Davies Davenport=,
Barrister-at-law; sometime Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford;
Senior University Mathematical Scholar 1863. On the 11th, aged 83,
=Charlotte, Lady Dorchester=, widow of the fourth Lord Dorchester,
and only dau. of John Cam Hobhouse, first Lord Broughton, and the
intimate friend of Lord Byron, much of whose correspondence she
inherited; had published "Recollections of a Long Life." On the
12th, aged 70, =Barclay Vincent Head, D.Litt., D.C.L., Ph.D.=,
sometime keeper of the Coins and Medals at the British Museum; an
eminent numismatist, whose speciality was Greek coins; author of
a standard work, the "Historia Numorum" (1887). On the 13th, aged
79, =Adlai E. Stevenson=, of Kentucky, Vice-President of the United
States in President Cleveland's second term, 1893-7, and Assistant
Postmaster-General in his first term, 1884; entered Congress 1874;
Democratic candidate for the Vice-Presidency at the election of
1900. On the 13th, aged 65, =Admiral Sir John Durnford, G.C.B.,
D.S.O.=; distinguished in the Burmese War, 1885-6; Junior Naval
Lord of the Admiralty 1901-4; Commander-in-Chief at the Cape of
Good Hope 1904-7; President of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich,
1908-11. On the 13th, aged 55, his Honour Judge =Amyas Philip
Longstaffe=, Judge of County Courts (Huddersfield circuit) since
1911. On the 14th, aged 70, the =Rev. Frederick William Spurling=,
Canon Residentiary of Chester Cathedral since 1899; had been tutor
and sub-warden of Keble College, Oxford, lecturer at Wadham and
Brasenose College, and assistant master at Westminster and Rugby.
On the 14th, aged 80, the =Rev. Thomas Osmotherley Reay=, since
1880 Vicar of St. Mary, Prittlewell, Essex, where he had done much
for Church extension; previously Vicar of Dovercourt; and for many
years Chaplain of the Essex Volunteers. On the 14th, aged 67, =Sir
Edward White, J.P., L.C.C.=, Chairman of the London County Council
1911-12, Vice-Chairman 1909-10; Municipal Reform member for West
Marylebone 1897-1907 and from 1910 to his death; in the interval
an Alderman; was instrumental in abolishing the Works Department;
was popular as Chairman, and was presented by subscription of both
parties in the Council with his portrait; knighted on the laying
of the foundation of the new County Hall, 1912. On the 14th,
=Mrs. Carlotta La Trobe=, professionally known as =Miss Carlotta
Addison=, for nearly fifty years a leading actress in comedy. On
the 15th, aged 55, =Allan Gibson Steel, K.C.=, Recorder of Oldham
since 1904; had a large legal practice in Admiralty cases; "one of
the greatest of English cricketers"; captain of the Marlborough
College Eleven in 1876-7, played four years for Cambridge against
Oxford, and frequently against Australia; an all-round cricketer;
joint author of the volume on cricket in the Badminton Series. On
the 15th, suddenly, aged 75, the =Rt. Rev. Alfred Robert Tucker=,
Bishop of Uganda, 1899-1911, previously first Bishop of Eastern
Equatorial Africa; since 1911 Canon of Durham; wrote an important
account of his work in Africa, where he had done much to promote
the spread of Christianity. On the 16th, aged 44, =Major Joseph
Andrew Benyon=, Assistant Agent-General for Quebec in London;
distinguished in the Boer War. On the 17th, aged about 75, Bennet
Burleigh, a famous war correspondent; served the Central News in
the Egyptian Campaign of 1882, and thereafter the _Daily Telegraph_
in the Soudan, Madagascar, the Ashanti War, South Africa, the
Russo-Japanese War, and the Italian War in Tripoli; had republished
several volumes of his letters; a picturesque and vigorous writer.
On the 18th, aged 61, =Major-General Villiers Hatton, C.B.=,
sometime Grenadier Guards; had served with the Nile Expedition,
1898, and commanded the British forces in South China, 1903-6. On
the 19th, aged 65, =Brandon Thomas=, a noted actor and dramatist;
best known as the adapter of an extraordinarily successful play,
"Charley's Aunt." On the 19th, aged 74, =Sir John Gray Hill=,
nephew of Rowland Hill, the postal reformer, and a prominent
Liverpool solicitor; President of the Law Society 1903-4; knighted
1904; a frequent traveller; had written a book describing his
capture by Bedouin Arabs. On the 20th, aged 73, =Sir David Hunter,
K.C.M.G.=, manager of the Natal Government Railways, 1879-1906;
did good service in this post in the Boer War. On the 21st, aged
71, =Baroness Bertha von Suttner=, dau. of Count Franz Kinsky
of the Austrian Army, and widow of Baron von Suttner; an able
Austrian novelist; her best known novel is "Die Waffen Nieder"
(1889), translated under the title "Down with your Arms" (1892);
founded the Austrian Peace Society, and worked hard in the cause
of international peace; awarded the Nobel Prize in 1905. On the
21st, aged 89, =Morgan Bransby Williams, M.Inst.C.E.=, had been
concerned in the construction in the 'forties of the last century
of several main lines in England and France, and later in Italy
and Russia; High Sheriff of Glamorganshire 1894. On the 22nd,
aged 62, =Sir George Howland William Beaumont=, tenth Baronet;
succeeded his father 1882; m. Lillie, dau. of Major-General
Craster, R.E.; succeeded by his s. On the 23rd, =Sir John Stokell
Dodds, K.C.M.G.=, Chief Justice of Tasmania. On the 24th, aged
85, =Horace Courtenay Gammell Forbes=, 20th =Baron Forbes=,
succeeded 1868; a Representative Peer for Scotland from 1874 to
1906; unmarried; succeeded by his brother; a benefactor of the
Scottish Episcopal Church. On the 24th, aged 90, the =Rev. Richard
Samuel Oldham=, long incumbent of St. Mary's Episcopal Church,
Glasgow; was instrumental in rebuilding the church, subsequently
the Episcopal Cathedral of the diocese; Dean of Glasgow 1877-8;
subsequently incumbent of Grosvenor Chapel, London, and Vicar of
Little Chart, Kent, 1881-1905; Exhibitioner of Wadham College,
Oxford, and Kennicott Hebrew Scholar. On the 26th, aged 50,
=Joseph Hugh Brain=, a cricketer of some note; captain in 1887 of
the Oxford University Cricket Club, and played four years in the
Inter-University Match. On the 27th, aged 88, =George Ogilvie,
LL.D.=, headmaster of Watson's College, Edinburgh, 1870-98; a
successful educationist. On the 28th, aged 78, =Patrick J. Foley=,
Nationalist M.P. for Galway (West) 1885-98; President of the Pearl
Assurance Company, and one of the earliest promoters of industrial
insurance in Great Britain. On the 30th, aged 82, =Georges Perrot=,
Permanent Secretary of the French Academy of Inscription, a
brilliant scholar and man of letters. On the 31st, aged 81, =Sir
Francis Campbell, F.R.G.S.=, sometime Principal of the Royal Normal
College and Academy for the Blind; son of a Tennessee farmer, and
himself blind from the age of three, he overcame his difficulties,
learnt music by dint of strenuous perseverance, and established in
1872 the institution over which he presided till 1912; ascended
Mont Blanc in 1885. On the 31st, aged 38, =Stanley Portal Hyatt=,
a colonist, explorer, and novelist; fought in the U.S. Army
during the subjugation of the Philippines, and wrote many novels
of adventure, among them "The Little Brown Brother," a striking
picture of American rule in the islands. In June, aged 74, =Raja
Sir Sourindro Mohun Tagore, C.I.E.=, Mus. Doc. Oxon, founder in
1871 of the Bengal Music School, and in 1881 of the Bengal Academy
of Music; revived the cultivation of Hindu melody and systematised
its notation; wrote many musical works, and also books on gems;
made notable collection of Indian musical instruments and of birds.

JULY.

=The Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain= died at his house at
Highbury, Birmingham, on July 2, aged nearly 78. The son of
Joseph Chamberlain, a leading London bootmaker who became Master
of the Cordwainers' Company, and of Caroline Harben, he was b.
in Camberwell, July 8, 1836, and educated at a small private
school and at University College School. Apprenticed at sixteen
to his father's trade, he two years later joined a cousin, Joseph
Nettlefold, as a screw manufacturer in Birmingham. The firm
eventually took the first place in the trade; but Mr. Chamberlain
found time for self-improvement, for an extensive study of French,
for teaching classes in his own works and in Sunday school, and
for practising public speaking in a debating society. In 1869 he
was invited to stand for the Birmingham Town Council; in 1874-6 he
was Mayor; and he was instrumental in great local improvements,
including the municipal purchase of the gas and waterworks, and
the establishment of the free library and art gallery. Meanwhile,
in 1870, he had actively co-operated in the formation of the
National Education League, which aimed at limiting the new Board
Schools to secular instruction, and had become a member, and then
Chairman, of the Birmingham School Board. He had also openly
professed Republican views, but he completely dispelled the fears
entertained as to his conduct on the occasion of the visit of the
Prince of Wales to Birmingham in 1874 by his tact and courtesy
towards his distinguished guests. Looking for a wider sphere of
activity, he contested Sheffield at a Parliamentary bye-election
in that year, but was defeated by Mr. Roebuck; but in June, 1876,
he was returned unopposed for Birmingham. His maiden speech was on
the Education Bill, 1876, and his manner and delivery--described by
an observer as "that of a ladies' doctor"--astounded members who
had expected to see a conventional demagogue. He introduced a Bill
for "municipalising" the liquor traffic on the Gothenburg system,
and speedily rose to prominence. In 1880 he became President of
the Board of Trade in Mr. Gladstone's Ministry, and in the next
few years was the Minister responsible for a Bankruptcy Act and a
Merchant Shipping Bill, which, however, failed to pass, as well
as a Workmen's Compensation Act, but he endorsed the Ministerial
measures of coercion in Ireland. Nevertheless, he kept in close
relation with the Nationalist leaders, and was largely responsible
for the policy that led to the so-called "Kilmainham Treaty" and
the release of Mr. Parnell. At the same time, he continued to
dominate Birmingham, and the Aston Park riots, set up by Lord
Randolph Churchill's candidature (Oct. 13, 1884), led to a bitter
debate in the House of Commons. At the general election of 1885 he
inspired, and largely shaped, the Radical "unauthorised programme";
but in 1886 his nascent Imperialism helped to estrange him from
the Liberals on the Home Rule Bill, and he powerfully contributed
to its defeat. After the change of Ministry he became President of
the Local Government Board; and he was a member of the "Round Table
Conference" which early in 1887 endeavoured to reunite the Liberal
party; but during an adjournment he attacked the Nationalists in
a letter (on Welsh Disestablishment) to the _Baptist_, and the
Conference was wrecked. He supported Mr. Balfour's Irish policy in
1887 and the appointment of the Special Commission; but at the end
of the year he became a member of the Commission which arranged the
Fisheries Treaty between the United States and Canada, and, though
the United States Senate rejected it, the dispute was settled by a
_modus vivendi_. On his return he supported the Unionist policy,
and earned the bitter hatred of the Nationalists. In the general
election of 1892 his personal influence kept the Birmingham area
faithful to Liberal Unionism; and he strongly opposed the Home
Rule Bill--partly from a nascent desire for the closer union of
the Empire. It was during the final scene in the Commons on this
measure that he was denounced by a Nationalist as "Judas." He
joined the Unionist Ministry which followed the Liberal defeat on
"the cordite question" in 1895. After the dissolution of that year
he obtained a considerable representation for his followers in the
new Ministry, and himself became Colonial Secretary, investing
the post with a new importance. His main aims were, to bring the
Colonies and the Mother Country into closer relations, and to
develop the resources of the Crown Colonies; and in this latter
respect he paid special attention to the hitherto neglected British
possessions in the West Indies and West Africa. The Colonial
Procession at the Queen's Jubilee of 1897 was believed to be his
idea; and in home affairs he promoted the Workmen's Compensation
Act, old-age pensions--a reform for which, however, there was as
yet no money,--and other social legislation, including a measure,
which proved ineffective, enabling local authorities to lend money
to tenants of small houses to enable them to become owners. As
Colonial Secretary, however, his name is indivisibly linked with
the Boer War. His difficulties with President Kruger began with
the closing of the Drifts by the latter in 1895, and, when this
was settled, they were renewed by the unfortunate Jameson raid,
which was at once repudiated both by the High Commissioner, Sir
Hercules Robinson, and by Mr. Chamberlain himself. Nevertheless
the Colonial Secretary was afterwards frequently charged, quite
falsely, with having known that the raid was pending, and the
Select Committee, before which he gave evidence, failed to clear up
its inner history. Almost immediately after it, however, he invited
President Kruger to England to consult with the Imperial Government
on the political situation in the Transvaal; and the history of
the next few years is largely concerned with the struggle between
the Colonial Secretary and the Boer President over the Uitlanders'
grievance and the British suzerainty over the Transvaal.
Incidentally, however, Mr. Chamberlain alarmed the Continent in
1898 by a speech in which, referring to Russia, he quoted the adage
"Who sups with the Devil must have a long spoon." In the following
year he advocated a new Triple Alliance between Germany, Great
Britain and the United States. During the Boer War he was violently
denounced by its opponents, but public opinion in Great Britain and
the Dominions was overwhelmingly in his favour, and he vigorously
defended throughout it the justice of the British cause. During the
war, he was engaged in another and somewhat delicate negotiation,
preparatory to the passing of the Commonwealth of Australia Act
in 1900, when the outstanding subject of dispute, the question
whether an appeal should lie from the Commonwealth Courts to the
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, was ultimately settled by
a compromise. The "Khaki election" in 1900 was almost a personal
triumph for him; and in that year occurred the controversy between
himself and the German Chancellor, set up by his statement that
the most drastic measures taken in South Africa had been less
severe than those taken by the German Army in France. After the
conclusion of peace he visited South Africa (Nov., 1902-March,
1903), going out in state in the cruiser _Good Hope_ and visiting
all the South African colonies to discuss economic and other
questions arising out of the war. He made a profound impression
personally and helped very largely towards the reconciliation of
Boer and Briton; and on his return he entered into the third and
most remarkable phase of his political life--his campaign for
fiscal reform. When at the Board of Trade he had had much to do
with Sir Thomas (afterwards Lord) Farrer, the Permanent Secretary
and a strong Free Trader; but he came to entertain doubts of
the traditional Customs policy of Great Britain, and these were
increased by his experience as Colonial Secretary. Even in 1896
and 1897 he had publicly urged commercial union of the Empire, and
before leaving for South Africa he had vainly asked the Cabinet to
retain the 1_s._ duty on imported corn (which it was proposed to
remove) and to give a drawback to Canada. And on May 15, 1903, a
few hours after Mr. Balfour, then Prime Minister, had defended the
abolition of this duty, Mr. Chamberlain announced at Birmingham
that the well-being of the Empire depended on preferential trade
and tariff reform. The growing feeling for the unification of the
Empire, and the latent desire--exhibited a few years earlier in
the "Fair Trade" movement--for "protection to native industry"
ensured him a fervid response, the more so as he held out hopes of
obtaining a revenue sufficient to establish old-age pensions. For
four months there was a "fiscal truce" in the House of Commons,
owing to the divisions in the Cabinet on the question and pending
an official inquiry into the existing fiscal system; but Mr. ·
Chamberlain's arguments were severely handled in the House of
Lords, on Liberal platforms, and in print by leading economists
and others. On September 14 the Cabinet met after the recess; Mr.
Balfour submitted his own views in two papers--one subsequently
published, under the title of "Insular Free Trade"; Mr. Ritchie,
the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Lord George Hamilton, Secretary
for India, and two Under-Secretaries, resigned office as Free
Traders, and four days later it was announced that Mr. Chamberlain
himself had resigned in order to work more freely for the Union
of the Empire through preferential tariffs. The announcement was
contained in correspondence between himself and the Prime Minister,
and some complaint was made that the other retiring Ministers had
had no intimation of Mr. Chamberlain's intention. Mr. Chamberlain
himself pursued a vigorous platform campaign throughout the autumn
and established the "Tariff Commission," which produced a mass
of Reports; but the Free Food Unionists, headed by the Duke of
Devonshire, broke with him shortly afterwards, the Liberal Unionist
organisation was reconstituted in July, 1903, as a Protectionist
body, and Mr. Chamberlain, supported by the great majority of
the Unionists, continued to press his views on the nation.
Unquestionably he made many mistakes both of fact and of economic
interpretation, but his campaign was definitively checked by the
necessity, which he fully admitted, of imposing a tax on imported
food in order to give the Colonies the preference proposed. The
general election, though not for this reason alone, resulted in an
overwhelming Unionist defeat; but Mr. Chamberlain kept the flag
flying, led the Opposition in the new Parliament till Mr. Balfour,
who had lost his seat, re-entered it, and vigorously attacked the
new Ministry and Mr. Birrell's Education Bill. His seventieth
birthday and his thirty years in Parliament were celebrated in
Birmingham in July with the utmost enthusiasm, by opponents as
well as by supporters, part of the ceremony, indeed, being devoted
to the recognition of his great civic services to Birmingham. But
ten days later he was disabled by gout, and the disablement proved
permanent. Paralysis also attacked him, and for the last eight
years of his life he was seen only on his journeys to the Riviera,
at the opening of Parliament when he came, with assistance, to sign
the roll as member for West Birmingham, and occasionally in a wheel
chair at political garden parties at his residence at Highbury,
Birmingham. Though Chancellor of the University of Birmingham,
and sometime Lord Rector of Glasgow University, Mr. Chamberlain
had not the scholarly or literary tastes which have marked many
British Ministers, nor had he the slightest interest in any kind
of sport. His recreation might be said to be growing orchids; he
was a heavy smoker, and took practically no exercise. He was thrice
married; (1) in 1861, to Harriet, dau. of Archibald Kenrick; she d.
1863; (2) 1868, to Florence, dau. of Timothy Kenrick; she d. 1875;
(3) 1888, to Mary, dau. of W. C. Endicott, Secretary for War in
President Cleveland's first Administration, 1884-8, and a Judge of
the Supreme Court of Massachusetts. He first met her on his visit
to the United States in 1886. His character and career can hardly
be summed up in a sentence. A man of boundless ambition and a
self-confidence which sometimes led him into strange indiscretions
of speech, or, as in the fiscal controversy, into notable errors of
appreciation and statement, he broke up two parties successively,
but failed to dominate either, or to achieve a solution of the
Irish or the African problem or to establish tariff reform. But his
enduring work lay in the stimulus he gave to civic patriotism, and
to appreciation among the British public of the significance and
value of the Empire.

=Jean Leon Jaurès=, the famous French Socialist Deputy and one of
the most eminent of contemporary French politicians and orators,
was murdered in Paris on the evening of July 31, aged 55. B. on
September 3, 1859, at Albi (Var) and a relative of Vice-Admiral
Jaurès, sometime French Ambassador at St. Petersburg, he was
educated at the École Normale Supérieure, and, after a brilliant
academic career, became Professor of Philosophy successively at
Albi and Toulouse (1880-5) and held this Chair at Toulouse again
1889-92. From 1885 to 1889 he was in the Chamber as an Independent
Republican, in 1893 he returned to it as a Socialist. He and M.
Millerand, as independent Socialists, stood somewhat apart from
the older groups, and represented the more moderate and Fabian
creed of Benoit-Malou's "Société d'Economie Sociale." He actively
championed the cause of Major Dreyfus, and lost his seat in
consequence in 1898, but he returned to the Chamber in 1902 and,
though not in office, co-operated actively in the policy of the
Combes Ministry in the separation of Church and State. In 1905 his
group coalesced with others into the Unified Socialists; but this
party broke with the Radicals, his more eminent followers, Briand,
Millerand, Viviani, left him, and his later activity was anything
but constructive. He was, moreover, confronted by a more advanced
Labour section and an anti-patriotic section in the party. He
was the first of French orators of his generation, and an ardent
supporter of peace and international arbitration, and he actively
opposed the revival of the three years' term of military service--a
course to which he owed his death. Among his works wore "Idéalisme
et Matérialisme dans la Conception de l'Histoire" (written in
collaboration with Paul Lafargue), and "Histoire Socialiste,
1789-1900"; he founded the newspaper _L'Humanité_ in 1904.

On the 1st, aged 49, =Edmund Payne=, a popular comedian, associated
for some twenty years with musical comedy at the Gaiety Theatre. On
the 2nd, aged 76, =Sir Benjamin Stone=, Unionist member for East
Birmingham 1895-1910, and a prominent manufacturer of the city;
noted as an amateur photographer; had taken numbers of photographs
of the Houses of Parliament and their inmates, and views in all
parts of the world. On the 3rd, drowned after diving overboard
from a launch conveying a supper party on the Thames, =Sir Denis
Anson=, fourth Baronet; had only recently succeeded his uncle, Sir
William Anson, in the baronetcy. On the 3rd, aged 73, =Sir Charles
Forster=, second Baronet; succeeded his father 1892; High Sheriff
of Staffordshire 1909; m., 1899, Mary, dau. of A. Villiers Palmer;
succeeded by his brother. On the 3rd, aged 59, =Henry Willard
Denison=, legal adviser to the Japanese Government since 1880. On
the 3rd, aged about 60, the =Rev. Henry Danvers Macnamara=, Dean
of Sion College; and sometime Minor Canon of St. Paul's; Rector of
St. James, Garlick Ryde, and St. Michael, Queenhithe. About the
3rd, aged 52, suddenly, =Frederick Walter Ferrier Noel Paton=,
Director-General since 1905 of Commercial Intelligence under the
Indian Government. On the 4th, aged 66, =Sydney Grundy=, in the
'nineties a prominent and able dramatist, a native of Manchester;
among his most successful plays were "The Greatest of These" and "A
Pair of Spectacles." On the 4th, aged 90, =George Elgar Hicks=, an
artist long known to the public; had exhibited for over sixty years
at the Royal Academy, chiefly portraits and domestic subjects. On
the 5th, aged 67, =Colonel Edmund Henry Dalgety, C.B.=, sometime
Cape Mounted Riflemen; had served in several South African wars,
including the Bechuanaland Rebellion and the Boer War. On the 6th,
aged 68, =General Sir Laurence James Oliphant, K.C.B., K.C.V.O.=,
sometime Grenadier Guards; son of the famous Laurence Oliphant,
M.P. and mystic; served in the Sudan in 1885, distinguished in the
South African War; commanded the London District 1903-6, and was
commander-in-chief of the Northern Command 1907-11; long prominent
on the Turf. On the 9th, aged 61, the =Hon. Henry Robert Emmerson=,
sometime Premier of New Brunswick, and Minister of Railways in
the Canadian Cabinet of Sir W. Laurier 1904-7. On the 11th, in
London, aged 46, =Winifred, Lady Hardinge of Penshurst=, dau. of
the first Lord Alington and wife of the Viceroy of India; had
done much for the medical training of Indian women; had escaped
unhurt from the bomb explosion which wounded her husband on their
State entry into Delhi on December 23, 1912, and had then shown
great courage and self-possession. On the 13th, aged 103, =William
Augustus Gordon Hake=, the oldest barrister in England; had been
associated with Lord Brougham at the Bar; had written reminiscences
and two or three volumes of verse. About the 13th, aged 72, the
=Rev. Edward Canney=, Rector of St. Peter's, Great Saffron Hill;
a devoted worker among the London poor. On the 13th, aged 67,
=Francis Charles Granville Ellesmere=, third =Earl of Ellesmere=;
succeeded his father 1862; m., 1868, Lady Katharine Louisa Phipps,
eldest dau. of the Marquess of Normanby; inherited the Duke of
Bridgewater's estates in 1903, on the expiry of the Bridgewater
Trust; a keen sportsman, a noted breeder of shire horses and pigs,
and prominent, though not conspicuously successful, as a racehorse
owner; was never known to bet; owned a famous illuminated MS. of
Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales." On the 15th, aged 83, =Sir John
Swinburne=, seventh Baronet; succeeded his grandfather 1860; was a
Captain, R.N., and had served in the Burma, Russian, and Chinese
Wars; Liberal M.P. for Staffordshire (Lichfield) 1885-92; a cousin
of the poet Swinburne; m. (1) 1863, Emily, dau. of Rear-Admiral
Broadhead; she d. 1881; (2) 1883, Mary, dau. of John Corbett; she
d. 1900; (3) 1905, Florence, dau. of James Moffatt; succeeded by
his eldest s. On the 16th, aged 75, =Max Rooses=, Keeper since
its establishment of the Plantin Museum at Antwerp, and the
leading authority on the life and works of Rubens. On the 18th,
aged 75, =Admiral Henry John Carr, R.N.=; distinguished himself
at the burning of H.M.S. _Bombay_ in 1864; Admiral Superintendent
of Devonport dockyard 1896-9. About the 19th, the =Rt. Hon. Sir
Christopher Nixon, M.D., LL.D.=, first Baronet, created 1906;
Vice-Chancellor of the National University of Ireland; sometime
President of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland; first
President of the Royal Veterinary College of Ireland; he had
written a "Handbook of Hospital Practice and Physical Diagnosis,"
and various medical papers; knighted 1895; m., 1871, Mary, dau.
of Dominick Blake; succeeded by his s. On the 20th, aged 66,
=Major-General Inigo Richmond Jones, C.V.O., C.B.=, sometime 2nd
Scots Guards; served in the Sudan Expedition, 1885, distinguished
himself in the South African War, when he commanded the Guards'
Brigade. On the 21st, aged 49, the =Hon. Fitz Roy Somerset Keith
Stewart=, son of the ninth Earl of Galloway; secretary of the
Central Conservative Office 1878-1903; prominent in London society;
though a Conservative, he was an opponent of tariff reform and
the Boer War, and an advocate of women's suffrage. On the 21st,
aged 59, =Samuel Herbert Benson=, a prominent advertising agent;
originally in the Navy; distinguished himself in the Ashanti War
1873-4, and in other warlike operations in West Africa; retired
through ill-health and adopted a business career. On the 21st,
aged 88, =Henry Coleman Folkard, K.C.=, Recorder of Bath since
1887, author of several legal works. On the 22nd, aged 68, =Edward
Peter O'Kelly=, Nationalist M.P. for Wicklow (E.) since 1910,
Chairman of the Wicklow County Council. On the 22nd, aged 82,
=Alexander Conze=, sometime Professor at Halle and Vienna, and
long Director of the German Archæological Institute; excavated the
Pergamon Antiquities 1886-99 (with Schuckardt), and also carried
out researches in Samothrace; wrote many works on Greek Art. On the
22nd, aged 66, =Colonel Sir Chandos Hoskyns, R.E.=, tenth Baronet;
distinguished in the Afghan War; m., 1886, Jean, dau. of David
Latham; succeeded by his brother. On the 22nd, aged 71, =Sir Robert
Walton=, sometime President of the British Chamber of Commerce
in Paris. On the 23rd, aged 41, =Harry Evans=, conductor of the
Liverpool Welsh Choral Union and a composer of some note in Wales.
About the 24th, aged 70, =Lieut.-Col. Patrick Francis Robertson=,
sometime 92nd Gordon Highlanders; distinguished in the Afghan War;
served also in the Boer War of 1881. About the 25th, aged 66,
=Richard John Anderson, M.D.=, Professor of Natural History in
University College, Galway; for many years joint conductor of the
"International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology." On the 26th,
aged 74, the =Rt. Hon. Henry Strutt=, second =Lord Belper=; Liberal
M.P. for East Derbyshire 1868-74, for Berwick-on-Tweed 1880; A.D.C.
to the King; Chairman of Notts Quarter Sessions, and prominent
in county affairs; Chairman of the County Councils' Association;
a director of Parr's Bank and of the Midland Railway; succeeded
his father 1880; m., 1874, Lady Margaret Coke, dau. of the second
Earl of Leicester; succeeded by his s. On the 27th, =Major Eustace
Loder=, sometime 12th Lancers; a noted breeder and owner of
racehorses; owner of Pretty Polly, which won the Oaks and the St.
Leger in 1904, and Spearmint, winner of the Derby and the Grand
Prix in 1906; High Sheriff of Kildare 1910. On the 28th, aged 69,
=Benjamin Francis Williams, K.C.=, Recorder of Cardiff since 1890;
Conservative candidate for Monmouth (West) 1885, and for Merthyr
1892. On the 29th, aged 69, =Sir Joseph Francis Leese, K.C.=,
Recorder of Manchester 1893-1914; a strong Liberal and an able
and humane judge. On the 29th, aged 83, the =Most Rev. Monsignor
Pietro Pace, K.C.V.O.=, Archbishop of Rhodes and Bishop of Malta
since 1889. On the 29th, aged 71, =Sir John Henry Seale=, third
Baronet; m. (1) 1879, Mary, dau. of Arthur Dendy; she d. 1882; (2)
1885, Adela, dau. of Capt. Edward Jodrell, 16th Regiment; succeeded
by his s. On the 29th, aged 90, =Major-General George Frederick
De Berry=, sometime 24th Foot; served in the Sikh War, 1848-9;
distinguished in the Mutiny. On the 31st, aged 62, Robert Nathaniel
Cecil George Curzon, fifteenth =Lord Zouche of Haryngworth=;
succeeded his father 1873; m., 1875, the Hon. Annie Fraser, dau. of
Lord Saltoun, whom he divorced 1876; succeeded by his sister. In
July, aged 96, the =Rev. Osmund Fisher, F.G.S.=, a distinguished
geologist, known for his researches on the physics of the earth's
crust.

AUGUST.

=Pope Pius X.= (Giuseppe Melchiore Sarto) died unexpectedly of
bronchitis and pneumonia in the early hours of August 19, aged
79. His end was believed to have been hastened by his grief at
the war. Born at Riese, near Treviso, on June 2, 1835, the son of
a minor local official (or tradesman) of the peasant class, and
the eldest of ten children, he was sent, by the good offices of
a priest, to a school at Castelfranco, and then to a seminary at
Padua. Ordained priest in 1858, he was appointed assistant priest
of Tombole, a rural parish, and in 1867 became parish priest of
Salzano. Displaying much organising ability, he was made by his
Bishop successively Dean of Treviso Cathedral and Chancellor (1875)
of the diocese, and eventually coadjutor Bishop. In 1884 he was
made Bishop of Mantua, and restored order in the diocesan affairs.
In 1893 he was made a Cardinal, and also, after two other nominees
had been rejected on political grounds by the Italian Government,
appointed Patriarch of Venice. Here he did much to restore St.
Mark's and more particularly the fallen Campanile, besides
fostering various Christian social institutions and peasants and
workmen's banks, and acquiring an influence which enabled him
to stop a strike in the Government tobacco factory. He visited
King Victor Emmanuel II. in 1903, when the latter passed through
Venice. In August, 1903, after the death of Leo XIII., he started
for the Conclave with a return ticket (the unused half of which he
afterwards preserved as a memento), and, when the Austro-Hungarian
Government vetoed the election of Cardinal Rampolla, he was chosen
Pope. His first Bull condemned and suppressed the right of veto;
in 1905 he modified the prohibition to the faithful in Italy to
vote or stand for Parliament, and though he remained "the prisoner
of the Vatican," and obstructed, so far as he could, the formation
of a Catholic Parliamentary party, his Papacy was marked by a
distinct relaxation in the tension with the Italian Government.
On the other hand, he prevented the acceptance by the Church in
France of the Law of Associations under which it was offered fairly
favourable terms of reorganisation after disestablishment, and
broke off diplomatic relations successively with Portugal and Spain
on the ground of the attitudes of their Republican and Liberal
Governments towards the Church; and the Bull _Ne temere_ (1907)
discountenancing mixed marriages, set up serious difficulties
in Ireland and elsewhere. In internal Church matters he forbade
the use of Church music of a later date than Palestrina (died
1594) and appointed Commissions to consider the codification of
Canon Law and to restore the original text of the Vulgate. But
his most far-reaching action was probably that directed against
"Modernist" or liberalising theology--marked by such incidents as
the condemnation of Father Tyrrell and of Fogazzaro's novel "Il
Santo." Many stories were told of his impulsive generosity, and he
retained to the last his simple peasant habits and ways of life.
His absolute sincerity and profound piety marked him as personally
one of the best of the Popes, but his intellectual outlook and
political knowledge were limited by his purely ecclesiastical
standpoint, and, whether it was that he chose his advisers ill or
refused their guidance, he was held by non-Catholics to have missed
a great opportunity for the Church.

=Father Francis Xavier Wernz=, General of the Society of Jesus,
died at Rome at midnight on August 19, aged 71, having received the
last blessing given by Pope Pius X. Born at Rothweil, Würtemberg,
in December, 1842, he entered the Society in 1857, studied canon
law--on which he published an important work--and became Rector
of the Gregorian University in 1904, and was also adviser to the
Congregations of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, of the
Index, and of the Council. He was elected General of the Jesuits in
September, 1906, and his selection was regarded as due to German
influence. He was the third German to become General of his Order,
and was an ecclesiastic of great learning and experience.

=General Sir James Moncrieff Grierson, K.C.B., C.V.O., C.M.G.=,
Royal Artillery, died suddenly of heart failure in a train in
France, where he held high command in the Expeditionary Force,
on August 17, aged 55. A native of Glasgow, from his boyhood a
keen student of warfare, he had served in the Egyptian Expedition
(1882), in the Soudan (1885), in the Hazara Expedition (1886), the
South African War and the Expedition to China during the Boxer
rising, and in the late 'nineties of the last century had been
military attaché at Berlin. He was appointed to the Eastern command
in 1912. He was A.D.C. to the King. His remains were brought home
for interment.

=President Roque Saenz Pena=, Chief Magistrate of the Argentine
Republic since 1910, died on August 9, aged 63. The son of Dr. Luis
Saenz Pena, President in 1892, he was engaged in suppressing the
Mitre rising in 1874, and distinguished himself in the Peruvian
Army in the war with Chile 1879-81; was Under-Secretary of Foreign
Affairs in 1881, under President Roca in 1881, and had been
Minister to Spain, and a delegate to the second Hague Conference.

On the 4th, aged 68, =Henry Charles Howard=, Chairman of the
Cumberland County Council; Liberal M.P. for Cumberland (Penrith)
1885-92; stood for Eskdale as a Unionist in 1892 and 1895; High
Sheriff of Cumberland 1879. On the 4th, at Washington, =Ellen
Louise Wilson=, wife of the President of the United States and
dau. of Samuel Axsen of Georgia; m. June 24, 1885; active in
philanthropic work, and an amateur artist. On the 7th, in Rhodesia,
aged 53, =Mr. Justice Watermeyer= (the Hon. John Philip Fairbairn
Watermeyer), Judge of the High Court of Southern Rhodesia since
1896; a native of Cape Town. On the 7th, =Rear-Admiral Charles
Davis Lucas, R.N., V.C.=; the first officer to win the Victoria
Cross; he did so by throwing a live shell from the deck of H.M.S.
_Hecla_ at the siege of Bomarsund, Aug. 21, 1854, saving many
lives. About the 7th, =Surgeon-General Anthony Dickson Home,
G.C.B.=; won the V.C. during the Indian Mutiny. About the 8th,
aged 48, =Sir Edward Anwyl=, Oriel College, Oxford; knighted
1911; sometime Professor of Welsh and Comparative Philology at
Aberystwyth University College, and author of many books on
Celtic subjects; Principal of the Monmouthshire Training College.
On the 8th, aged 69, =Alfred Chichele Plowden=, a well-known
London police magistrate since 1888; at Marylebone Police Court
since 1893; previously Recorder of Much Wenlock; noted for his
_obiter dicta_; had written his own autobiography, "Grain or
Chaff." On the 8th, aged 59, =Georges Cochery=, Deputy for the
Loiret 1882-1914; Finance Minister in the Méline Cabinet 1896-8
and in the Briand Cabinet 1909-10; an ex-Vice-President of the
Chamber, and frequently member of the Budget Commission. On the
8th, =Louis Couturat=, a philosophic critic of some distinction;
had written on the philosophy of mathematics, on Plato's myths,
and on the logic of Leibnitz. On the 9th, in his own church, the
=Rev. John Still=, Hon. Canon of Norwich and Rector of Hethersett,
Norfolk, and Director of the American School of Assyriology at
Jerusalem. About the 11th, aged 50, =Robert Francis Harper,
Ph.D.=, Professor of Assyriology at Chicago since 1892, an eminent
Semitic scholar and archæologist. On the 12th, aged 74, the
=Very Rev. Walter John Lawrence=, Dean of St. Albans since 1900;
Chaplain to Queen Victoria 1898-1900; Rector of the parish since
1868, and subsequently Archdeacon; had done much to promote the
restoration of the Abbey Church which became the Cathedral. On the
14th, in Rhodesia, aged 53, =Sir Joseph Vintcent, B.A., LL.B.=
(Camb.), Senior Judge of the High Court of Rhodesia since 1898;
educated at Charterhouse and Cambridge University, and in the
University Association Football eleven 1882-3; had held various
legal appointments in Bechuanaland and Matabeleland. On the 14th,
=Miss Edith Sichel=, author of a number of works on French Court
and social history, among them "The Story of Two Salons" (1895),
"Women and Men of the French Renaissance" (1901), and two books
on Catharine de Medici, as well as various biographies; an active
philanthropic worker in London. On the 14th, aged 51, =Charles
Cordingley=, a well-known cycling and motorist journalist; had
organised the first London motor-car exhibition in 1896. About
the 14th, aged 61, =Alfred John Jukes-Browne, F.R.S., F.G.S.=,
author of "The Cretaceous Rocks of the British Isles," and
other geological works; awarded the Murchison medal in 1901.
On the 17th, =James Crofts Powell=, member of a famous firm of
stained glassworkers, responsible for windows in many churches,
in particular in Liverpool Cathedral. On the 17th, aged 82, the
=Hon. Ralph Pelham Nevill=, of Birling Manor, Maidstone; s. of the
fourth Earl of Abergavenny and brother of the first Marquess; for
forty years Master of the West Kent Foxhounds, and a successful
breeder of sheep. About the 21st, aged 73, the =Rev. Albert Smith=,
Vicar of Wendover 1867-1913; had restored the church and built
schools, vicarage, and library for the village. About the 22nd,
=G. Akimoff=, President of the Russian Council of Empire. On the
22nd, aged 74, =David Cleghorn Hogg=, Liberal M.P. for Londonderry
since January 30, 1913; his return after a keenly contested
election for this Orange stronghold was one of the sensations of
that year. On the 23rd, killed at Namur, aged 52, =Prince Frederick
of Saxe-Meiningen=, half-brother of the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen;
m., 1889, Adelaide, sister of the reigning Prince (Leopold) of
Lippe. About the 23rd, aged 73, =Lieut.-Col. Robert Hamilton
Lloyd-Anstruther=, sometime Rifle Brigade; had served in the
Indian Mutiny and the Suakin Expedition, 1885; Conservative M.P.
for Suffolk (Woodbridge) 1886-92. About the 24th, aged 55, =Darius
Miller= of Chicago, President since 1910 of the Chicago, Burlington
and Quincy Railroad; had spent his life in the service of various
American lines, chiefly as traffic manager. About the 26th, aged
15, =Prince Luitpold=, eldest s. of the Crown Prince of Bavaria.
On the 26th, aged 81, =Brigadier-General Powell Clayton, U.S.A.=,
U.S. Ambassador to Mexico 1897-1905; U.S. Senator from Arkansas
1871-7; Governor of that State 1868-71. On the 27th, aged 77, =Sir
William Thomas Lewis=, Baronet (cr. 1896), first =Lord Merthyr=
(cr. 1911); an eminent mining engineer and active worker in the
cause of industrial peace; originated the sliding scale of wages in
the South Wales mining industry in 1875, and settled the Taff Vale
Railway strike in 1900; had done much to develop the South Water
coal trade, and the welfare of the mining population; President of
the Iron and Steel Institute 1910; m., 1864, Anne, dau. of William
Rees; succeeded by his eldest s. On the 27th, aged 89, =Lord
Adam= (=James Adam=), Judge of the Court of Session 1876-1905,
Sheriff of Perthshire 1874-6. On the 27th, aged 66, =John Roche=,
Nationalist M.P. for Galway (East) since 1890; active in the land
agitation of the 'eighties of the last century; several times
imprisoned. On the 27th, aged 58, =Alfred Henry Gill=, Labour M.P.
for Bolton since 1906; began his working life in a cotton mill;
afterwards a trade-union official. On the 30th, aged 77, =Edward
Ingress Bell, F.R.I.B.A.=, architect of the War Office, the new
Birmingham University, and several Roman Catholic churches, notably
at Caterham and Carshalton. On the 30th, aged 74, =James Lilburn=,
a prominent Glasgow shipowner, founder of a line of clipper ships
to Australia, sometime Chairman of the Clyde Lighthouse Trust.
On the 31st, died of wounds received in France, aged 24, =Robert
Cornwallis Maude=, sixth =Viscount Hawarden=; succeeded his father
1908. About the 31st, killed in action, =Colonel R. C Bond,
D.S.O.=, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, distinguished in the
South African War.

SEPTEMBER.

=Lord de Villiers=, John Henry, Baron de Villiers, K.C.M.G., Chief
Justice of the Union of South Africa since its formation in 1910,
died on September 2 at Pretoria, aged 72. B. in June, 1842, at
Paarl, Cape Colony, and of Huguenot descent, he was educated at
the South African College, Cape Town, and at Utrecht and Berlin
Universities, and was called to the Bar by the Inner Temple in
1865, but practised in South Africa, and was elected a member of
the Cape House of Assembly in 1866. He was Attorney-General in the
first Parliamentary Ministry of Cape Colony in 1872, and became
Chief Justice of the Colony in 1874; was knighted 1880, created
K.C.M.G. in 1881 as a recognition of his services on the Royal
Commission which gave back the Transvaal to the Boers, and was
created a Peer in 1910. He was the first South African Peer and
the first created by King George V. His work as a Judge was (as
his biographer in _The Times_ pointed out) to develop the South
African legal system and adapt it to modern conditions, and he did
so with marked success. He was a valued member of the Judicial
Committee of the Privy Council. As President of the Upper House of
the Legislature of Cape Colony, he exercised considerable political
influence, always in the direction of moderation; he was a foe to
racialism, and was President of the National Convention of South
Africa which achieved the Union. He m., 1871, Aletta, dau. of J. P.
Jourdan, and was succeeded by his s.

=Sir John Henniker Heaton=, first Baronet (cr. 1912), Unionist M.P.
for Canterbury 1885-1910, and a noted postal reformer, died at
Geneva, on his way home from Germany, on September 8, aged 66. B.
in Rochester, Kent, the s. of an officer in the Army, he went to
Australia in 1864 and eventually became a landowner and newspaper
proprietor in New South Wales, and, after representing the Colony
at several International Exhibitions, returned to England and
entered Parliament in 1885. From the first he pressed postal
grievances, and in 1886 moved a resolution in favour of universal
penny postage, which he lived to see established in the British
Empire (1898), and between Great Britain and the United States in
1908, and in 1910 he presented to the Postmaster-General a list of
sixty-two desirable postal reforms. Many of his suggestions were
adopted, and he promoted also the cheapening and development of
oceanic telegraphy and telephony. He m., 1873, Rose, dau. of Samuel
Bennett, and was succeeded by his s.

=Lord O'Brien.=--Peter O'Brien, first Lord O'Brien, and Lord Chief
Justice of Ireland 1889-1913, died at Stillorgan, co. Dublin,
on September 7, aged 72. A younger son of a Liberal M.P. for
Limerick, he was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and went
to the Bar, taking silk in 1880 and becoming a Crown Counsel. At
first a Liberal, he became a Unionist in 1886, and in 1887 was made
Solicitor-General, and in 1888 Attorney-General for Ireland. In
this latter capacity he conducted many political prosecutions, and
his efforts to get juries that would not refuse to convict Land
Leaguers earned him the nickname of "Peter the Packer" from the
Nationalists. In 1889, on his promotion to be Lord Chief Justice,
he naturally dropped politics. He was made a Baronet in 1891, and
a Peer in 1900. In 1867 he m. Annie, dau. of R. H. Clarke, but he
left daughters only, and his titles became extinct.

=Professor Robert Yelverton Tyrrell, LL.D.=, Senior Follow of
Trinity College, Dublin, died on September 19, aged 70. Born in co.
Tipperary, 1844, he was educated privately and at Trinity College,
Dublin, taking the highest honours in 1864. He became Professor of
Latin in 1871, was Regius Professor of Greek 1880-98, Senior Tutor
and Public Orator 1898, Professor of Ancient History 1900-4, and
than Senior Fellow and Registrar. In collaboration with Professor
L. C. Purser he produced an important edition of Cicero's Letters,
and he also wrote a valuable work on Latin poetry and a number of
admirable essays on Greek literature. He was a brilliant translator
and finished classical scholar of the English type, and made many
notable and often humorous contributions to _Kottabos_, the Dublin
University periodical. He was a Commissioner of National Education
in Ireland and an original member of the British Academy. He m. the
dau. of Dr. F. Shaw, and left issue.