Chapter V: The Minor Varieties of Cherries (1)

=À Coeur Hâtive.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.

Listed in this reference.

=À Feuilles de Pêcher Grosse.= _P. cerasus?_ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 49. 1831.

Merely mentioned; probably similar to Willow Leaved.

=Abels Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 55. 1907.

Mentioned in this reference as a black, hard-fleshed, Sweet Cherry.

=Abundance= _P. avium._ =1.= Burbank _Cat._ 7. 1911-12.

Abundance is one of Burbank's seedlings from Napoleon. The tree is a heavy, almost annual bearer. The fruit is large, never cracks, and exceeds the parent in productiveness and beauty; it ripens a week later.

=Abbesse.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 80. 1890. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:284. 1903.

Abbesse was found in North Silesia and is supposed to be a Red Duke cross. Fruit medium to large, cordate; stem long, thick at the base; cavity shallow; suture distinct; skin dark red; flesh meaty, with colored juice, mildly acid; quality good.

=Act Gillos.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 22. 1892-93.

Act Gillos was imported by Leo Weltz of Ohio, in a collection of sweet varieties said to have come from Bokhara, Turkestan. Tree vigorous; leaves large; fruit yellow, resembling Cleveland.

=Adams Crown.= _P. avium._ =1.= Brookshaw _Hort. Reposit._ =1=:45, Pl. 23 fig. 1. 1823. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 275, 277. 1884. =3.= Mawe-Abercrombie _Comp. Gard._ 632. 1829. =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:312 fig., 313. 1877.

_Adams Herzkirsche._ =5.= _Ill. Handb._ 99 fig., 100. 1860. =6.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 332. 1889.

_Adam._ =7.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:69, 70, fig. 33. 1866-73.

Adams Crown is supposed to have been raised by a man named Adams in the vicinity of Sittingbourne, Kent, England. It was formerly grown in the orchards near London for market trade. Tree large, vigorous, usually productive, bears early; fruit medium in size, roundish-cordate, flattened at the base, slightly compressed; cavity wide, deep; suture shallow, indistinct; stem slender, long; skin thin, transparent, attractive pale red speckled with darker red deepening to carmine, showing distinctly the fibers underneath; flesh whitish, juicy, tender, somewhat stringy, sweet, sprightly, pleasant; very good in quality; stone small, roundish-ovate, flattened at the base, plump; season early.

=Adlington.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 45. 1831.

Mentioned in the reference given.

=Affane.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 45. 1831.

Mentioned in this reference.

=Afghanistan.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 315. 1897. =2.= Van Lindley _Cat._ 371. 1899.

This variety is said by Van Lindley to have been introduced into North Carolina by a missionary from South Africa. The fruit closely resembles Windsor. Tree tall, spreading, vigorous; fruit large, cordate, often swollen along the suture giving it an angular appearance; skin dark red to reddish-black; flesh firm, tender, sweet; ships well; season the last of May.

=Alaternblättrige Süssweichsel.= _P. avium_, =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:48. 1858.

Fruit medium large, roundish, flattened, with a faint suture; skin glossy, brownish-red; stem mostly covered with leaves, greenish-yellow; flesh soft, acidulated; stone heart-shaped.

=Albertine Millet.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22. 1876. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.

Received from Belgium without description; its value is questioned in _Guide Pratique._

=Alexandrine Béon.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 332. 1889.

Listed in this reference.

=Alfred Wesmael=. _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25. 1876. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.

This variety is similar to Montmorency according to _Guide Pratique_.

=Allen.= _P. avium._ =1.= Storrs & Harrison _Cat._ 137. 1899. =2.= Brown _Cat._ 23. 1900.

A seedling cherry found in Lake County, Ohio. It is darker, later and smaller than Windsor. The tree is healthy, very productive; fruit somewhat heart-shaped, nearly black, glossy, smooth; flesh meaty, firm, sweet; of small size.

=Allen Late Favourite.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:123. 1832.

Sent to the Prince nursery by Zachariah Allen of Providence, Rhode Island. The tree is vigorous; fruit of fine quality, juicy, well flavored; ripens in Rhode Island with Black Mazzard.

=Allerfrüheste Bunte Maiherzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:19. 1858.

Tree productive; fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate; stem long, deeply set; skin clear red, spotted with dark brown; flesh whitish, sweet; stone oval; ripens in mid-June.

=Alte Königskirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Obstbäume_ 158. 1791. =2.= Christ _Handb._ 671. 1797. =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 422. 1819.

Tree large, very productive; fruit large, round, slightly heart-shaped; stem long; skin reddish-black; flesh very delicate, tender, juicy, sweet, with an aromatic, very pleasing sourness; stone small.

=Altenlander Frühkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Ill. _Handb._ 465 fig., 466. 1861. _Cerise précoce d'Altenlaud._ =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:301. 1866.

This variety is distinguished from Frühe Maiherzkirsche by its fruits which are larger, deeper in color, sourer and more angular and a few days later. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate, sometimes angular; cavity wide, shallow; apex often widely depressed; stem stout, of medium length; suture shallow; skin glossy, charcoal black in some spots when fully ripe, rather tough; flesh reddish-black, tender, very juicy, sweet with a pleasing sourness; stone short, oval; season early.

=Amaranthkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 277. 1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 215-219. 1819. =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:28. 1858.

In 1790, this variety was reported to have been brought to Hanover, Prussia, Germany, from England. Truchsess describes this cherry as being of medium size, roundish-cordate, with a pronounced suture; stem short; cavity shallow; apex abruptly rounded; skin red on the sunny side, yellowish, flesh-colored on the shady side; flesh tender, light yellowish-white, juicy, sweet yet without excellence; stone round, rather broad, not long, nearly free; unproductive.

=Amarelle Hâtive.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =17=:6 fig. 1892. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 24. 1899. =3.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:110. 1900. =4.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 27. 1909.

This variety was imported by Professor J. L. Budd of Iowa, in 1885. It resembles Early Richmond but ripens ten days later. It appeared on the fruit list of the American Pomological Society in 1899 and in 1909 Morello Hâtive was given as a synonym. This variety, however, is of the Amarelle type while Morello Hâtive is a true Morello.

=Amarelle mit Weissem Stempelpunct.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 655, 656. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:70. 1858.

_Amarelle à point pistillaire blanc._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.

According to Truchsess, this variety was first mentioned by Christ as early as 1795, under the name, Roque Cherydere. Fruit of medium size, roundish, flattened; stem short; skin dark red; flesh white, with colorless juice, although a glistening red when pressed out, subacid; season early; medium productive; resembles Bunte Amarelle.

=Amber.= _P. avium._ =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 272. 1832.

This variety was found in an old garden in Providence, Rhode Island. Fruit below medium in size, perfectly round; amber, delicate red towards the sun; flesh melting, lively, very sweet; early.

=Amber Gean.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 168. 1845. =2.= _Gard. Chron._ 1068. 1861. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 277. 1884.

_Amber_? =4.= Rea _Flora_ 206. 1676.

_Late Amber Gean._ =5.= Fish _Hardy-Fr. Bk._ =2=:105. 1882.

This is probably the Amber of the old English writers--an attractive, small Gean or Mazzard. Tree bears abundantly; fruit small, obtuse-cordate, usually regular; stem long, slender, shallowly inserted; skin very thin, pellucid, exhibiting the texture of the flesh, pale yellow or amber, tinged with delicate red; flesh white, tender, juicy, melting, with a rich, sweet, pleasant flavor; ripens the last of July.

=Ambrée de Guben.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:118, 119, 303. 1866. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:99, 100, fig. 48. 1866-73.

_Gubener Bernsteinkirsche._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 342, 685. 1819. =4.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:42. 1858.

This variety resembles Yellow Spanish; in fact the name is listed as a synonym of Yellow Spanish by Mortillet. We feel sure, however, that it is a distinct variety. Fruit large, roundish-cordate, truncate at the base; suture shallow; stem long; cavity wide, shallow; skin glossy, pale yellow washed with carmine in the sun; flesh firm, fibrous, sweet, with a sourness that disappears if allowed to remain on the tree; quality good; stone oval, slightly flattened at the base; ripens the first of July in France.

=American Amber.= _P. avium._ =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 272. 1832. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 167. 1845. =3.= Bridgeman _Gard. Ass't_ Pt. =3=:54. 1847. =4.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 359. 1849. =5.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 214. 1854. =6.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 74. 1862.

This variety was introduced some time previous to 1832 by the originator, Daniel Bloodgood, Flushing, New York. It held a place on the American Pomological Society's list of fruits from 1862 until 1869. It resembles American Heart but differs in being a tender-fleshed fruit of regular outline. Tree productive; fruit hanging in bunches for a long time without rotting. Fruit borne in threes or fours, hangs well, of medium size, roundish-cordate often nearly round; stem long, slender, inserted in a slight, narrow cavity; skin very thin, smooth, glossy, clear, light amber becoming mottled and overspread with clear bright red; flesh amber, tender, sprightly, juicy, usually of only fair quality; pit large; season the last of June to the middle of July.

=American Heart=. _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:202. 1843. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 178, 179 fig. 70. 1845. =3.= Bridgeman _Gard. Ass't_ Pt. =3=:54. 1847.

According to Downing, this variety came from Long Island but its exact origin is unknown. Tree vigorous, spreading, variable in productiveness; fruit medium to large, cordate, often nearly angular and irregular in outline; cavity small, shallow; stem long, slender; skin tough, adhering to the pulp, pale yellow or amber-red; flesh very juicy, yellowish, half-tender, sweet, pleasant; very good in quality; stone medium in size.

=Amos Owen.= _P. avium._ =1.= _N. C. Sta. Bul._ =184=:121. 1903.

Amos Owen is a black Mazzard used by nurserymen as a stock for grafting. The fruit is small and black; of poor quality.

=Andrews.= Species? =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 187. 1908.

Andrews is a seedling named after C. N. Andrews, Redlands, California, who fruited it in 1896. It is grown in the mountain valley near Redlands and is apparently a fine shipping variety.

=Anne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 204. 1854. =2.= Downing Fr. _Trees Am._ 254. 1857.

This cherry is reported by Charles Downing to have originated at Lexington, Kentucky; distributed by A. V. Bedford, Paris, Kentucky. Tree moderate in growth; fruit of medium size, bright red; flesh tender, juicy, very sweet; quality excellent; early.

=Annonay.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Flor. & Pom._ 28. 1882. =2.= Rivers _Cat._ 18. 1898-99. =3.= Bunyard-Thomas _Fr. Gard._ 43. 1904.

_Annonayer Herzkirsche._ =4.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 55. 1907.

A Heart cherry mentioned in 1882 as a promising new fruit because of its extreme earliness and excellent quality. This variety, introduced by Thomas Rivers & Son, Sawbridgeworth, England, should not be confused with an older French sort often known by the same name but of a reddish-brown color. Tree moderate in growth; fruit glossy, black, round, of medium size, produced in clusters; flesh charcoal-black, very rich in flavor.

=Anstad.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt._ 17. 1908.

A seedling from seeds planted in 1898 by A. P. Anstad, Trail, British Columbia. The fruit is large, heart-shaped; cavity of medium depth and width; stem long, slender; apex depressed; suture indistinct; skin moderately thick, tender, dark red or blackish; dots obscure; flesh dull red, meaty, juicy, sweet, pleasant; quality good; stone of medium size, clinging; season in Ontario, the end of July.

=Argental Late.= _P. avium._ =1.= Barry _Fr. Garden_ 325. 1851. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 451. 1869.

Downing says this variety is of French origin and that the fruit is unlike any other cherry in form. Tree spreading; branches slender, irregular; fruit of medium size, elongated-oval, sides compressed; suture narrow; stem medium in length, slender; cavity small; skin deep purplish-black; flesh half-tender, juicy, sweet, of peculiar flavor; quality very good; stone small, narrow, elongated-oval; ripens about July 10th.

=Auburn Duke=. _P. avium × P. cerasus._

A stray variety not mentioned in cherry literature, occasionally grown in western New York. The fruit, on the Station grounds, is above medium size, roundish; skin glossy, amber-yellow with a dark red cheek, often wholly suffused with red, sometimes mottled with translucent spots underneath the skin; suture a distinct line; stem slender, one and one-half inches long, inserted in a broad cavity; flesh white, very tender, juicy, nearly sweet; quality good but not rich; stone small, adhering to the stem; season late June. The fruit cracks in wet weather.

=August Duke.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Cultivator_ 3rd Ser. =1=:248 fig., 249. 1853.

_Vail's August Duke._ =2.= _Horticulturist_ =4=:264 fig., 265. 1849-50. =3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 213. 1854.

This variety originated with Henry Vail of Troy, New York. It is valued for its lateness, maturing three weeks after Downer, generally about the tenth of August. Tree hardy, healthy, moderate in growth; fruit borne in pairs, hanging in thick clusters along the branches, of medium size, obtuse-cordate; stem of medium length, thickening where it joins the fruit, set in a deep, narrow cavity; skin bright red; flesh tender, subacid, much like May Duke in flavor; pit oval.

=Augustine de Vigny=. Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 333. 1889. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 54. 1856.

Mentioned in the references given.

=Aurischotte.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 589-591. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:65. 1858.

According to Truchsess, this cherry was described in 1802 by Christ who states that it originated in Wanfred, Prussia, Germany. Truchsess believed, however, that the name was a corruption of Sauriotte, a sour or Weichsel cherry. Fruit round, somewhat flattened, above medium in size; suture indistinct; apex slightly depressed, gray; stem strong; skin dark red; flesh and juice of a slight reddish cast, sour, rather repulsive; stone large.

=Badacsony.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =177=:31. 1899. =2.= _Ibid._ =187=:62. 1901.

_Géanie de Badacson._ =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27, 194. 1876.

_Badacsoner Riesenkirsche._ =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 333. 1889.

_Badacconyi._ =5.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =169=:198. 1899.

_Badacsoner Schwarze Riesenkirsche._ =6.= _Reut. Pom. Inst. Festschrift_ 122. 1910.

_Badacsonyer Knorpelkirsche._ =7.= _Obstzüchter_ =8=:74. 1910.

A strong-growing variety of the Bigarreau group which originated in the volcanic regions near Balaton Lake, Hungary. Tree spreading, productive, subject to shot-hole fungus; fruit very large, heart-shaped, compressed; stem long, slender; cavity deep, wide; skin dark red, mottled with purple; flesh crisp, breaking, pinkish, juicy, sweet; quality good; ripens in July.

=Baender.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =88=:20. 1892. =2.= _Wash. Sta. Bul._ =92=:12. 1910.

An unproductive Morello. Tree medium in size, upright, round-topped; fruit medium to large, round, flattened; stem stout, long; skin dark red, thin, tender; flesh firm, meaty, slightly stained, rich acid; stone long, smooth; ripens the last of July in Washington.

=Baltavar.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 39. 1895. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:284. 1903.

_Bigarreau monstreux de Baltava._ =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27. 1876.

_Baltavari._ =4.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =169=:199. 1899.

_Baltavaer Knorpelkirsche._ =5.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ =55.= 1907.

Baltavar was introduced from Hungary by the United States Department of Agriculture. Tree upright, somewhat spreading; fruit resembles Napoleon in size and shape; cavity medium in depth, irregular, flaring; stem variable, slender; suture shallow; skin thick, glossy, light red changing to dark crimson on a yellow ground; dots numerous, minute, golden; flesh melting, yellowish, meaty, translucent, juicy, sprightly, mild subacid; quality good to very good; stone large, long, clinging; ripens the forepart of July.

=Baluder Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Kan. Sta. Bul._ =73=:189. 1897.

Tree upright, unproductive; fruit medium to large; stem slender; skin dull red, tough; flesh red, tender, juicy, acid, lacking in richness; ripens unevenly about June 18th; not a commercial variety.

=Barnhart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =18=:242. 1876. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 161. 1881.

This variety originated with Louis Shepler, Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania. Tree healthy, vigorous, bears abundantly; fruit of the Bigarreau type, large, obtuse-cordate, slightly compressed; cavity large, deep; stem rather long, slender; suture shallow; skin whitish-yellow, shaded and mottled with light and dark, rich red; flesh firm, juicy, sweet, with a rich, rather sprightly flavor; ripens the last of June.

=Baseler Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22. 1876.

A medium-sized cherry of little value.

=Bates.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Green _Cat._ 28 fig. 1906.

Said to have originated with S. J. Bates, Shelby, Michigan; introduced by C. A. Green, Rochester, New York; not propagated at present. As grown on our grounds it is identical with Olivet but our trees may not be correctly named.

=Bay State.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Adams _Cat._ 11. 1894. =2.= Sweet _Cat._ 18. 1907.

Bay State on the Station grounds resembles Reine Hortense and may be identical. (See description of Reine Hortense.) In 1894 it was listed by J. W. Adams of Springfield, Massachusetts, under the name Bay State and in 1907 was offered for sale by The George A. Sweet Nursery Company of Dansville, New York.

=Baylor.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.

Mentioned in this reference.

=Bedford Prolific.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22. 1876. =2.= _Flor. & Pom._ 41, Pl. fig. 1. 1882.

Bedford Prolific is similar to its parent, Black Tartarian, but has the advantage of being much hardier and more productive. It is inferior in quality to its parent. Many writers confuse it with Black Tartarian.

=Belle Audigeoise.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =5=:65, Pl. 1857.

_Schöne Audigeoise._ =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 376. 1889.

Very similar to Choisy. Tree vigorous, but moderately productive; fruit large, roundish, flattened at the ends; stem of medium length; cavity large, round; skin glossy, transparent, almost entirely washed with red at complete maturity; flesh yellowish, juicy, sweet, acidulated; ripens in France late in July.

=Belle Bosc.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 45. 1831.

Listed in the reference given.

=Belle de Boskoop.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.

Listed in this reference without description.

=Belle de Caux.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.

Listed as similar to Duchess de Palluau.

=Belle de Couchey.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 412. 1866. 2. Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:137, 138, fig. 69. 1882.

_Schöne von Couchey._ =3.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 57. 1907.

Raton, a laborer, found this variety in 1715, growing in a garden in Cote d'Or, France. Here and in the surrounding country it was commonly known as Cerise Raton. Tree vigorous, abundantly productive; fruit large, heart-shaped, irregular, often flattened; stem long, slender, inserted in a large, deep cavity; apex conical; skin tender, at first clear purple changing to blackish-purple; flesh tender, rather succulent, intense purple, juicy, sweet, sugary, very pleasing; stone small for the size of the fruit, ovate, short, broad, turgid; ripens the last of June. In France, one of the best fruits of the season standing shipment well notwithstanding its tender flesh.

=Belle Defay.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 334. 1889.

Listed without a description in this reference.

=Belle de Franconville.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 463. 1891. =2.= _Ibid._ 14, 15 fig. 1892.

This variety is a chance seedling found in the forests of Seine-et-Oise, France, and propagated by M. Arthur Nienard, a nurseryman of the same place. The variety is valued for its lateness and its good shipping qualities. Fruit elongated-cordate, slightly depressed; suture rather deep; cavity rather large, regular; stem slender, long; skin glossy, brilliant purplish-red, firm; flesh clear yellow, rather transparent, juicy, sprightly yet sugary, agreeable but slightly strong; pit oblong, tapering at the top, truncate, partly adherent; season late September in France.

=Belle l'Herissier.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 470, Pl. 1875.

This cherry was raised from seed in 1865 by M. Doublet, horticulturist at Montrichard, Loir-et-Cher, France. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, usually borne in clusters, depressed on the side, with a faint suture; stem very long, slender, adhering strongly to the pit; skin a brilliant red but never black; flesh pale red, juicy, sweet, slightly sprightly; quality very good; pit irregular, very small, elongated; ripens the middle of June in France.

=Belle de Kis-Oers.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27. 1876. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 13. 1895.

This is a Hungarian cherry. Fruit of medium size, elongated, marbled with red; flesh white, sugary; in France it ripens the middle of July.

=Belle de Loche.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25, 187. 1876.

This name is wrongly used as a synonym of Magnifique. Distributed by Jacquement-Bonnefont, nurseryman at Annonay, Ardèche, France, who described it as a very good, large, productive fruit, ripening in June.

=Belle d'Orleans.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =16=:358, 540 fig. 1850. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 211. 1856. =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:84, 85 fig., 86. 1866. =4.= _Leroy Dict. Pom._ =5=:314 fig., 315. 1877.

_Beauty of Orleans._ =5.= _Ill. Handb._ 15 fig., 16. 1867. =6.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 415. 1899.

_Belle de Bruxelles._ =7.= _Guide Prat._ 10, 17, 181. 1895.

Some writers state that Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England, originated this variety about 1852; others hold that it is of French origin. Tree large, very vigorous, productive; fruit usually attached in pairs, medium to above in size, roundish-oval or often cordate; stem medium in length, rather slender; skin transparent, clear pale yellow with a light red cheek, occasionally slightly mottled; flesh pale amber, juicy, tender, sweet; good in quality; stone large, roundish-obovate; season early.

=Belle de Ribeaucourt.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:269. 1854. =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ 2:181, 210. 1866. 3. Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:170 fig., 171. 1877.

_Schöne von Ribeaucourt._ =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 335, 377. 1889.

This variety probably originated in Northern France. Fruit globular, flattened at the ends, large, usually borne in twos; stem long; cavity large, deep; skin transparent, red, more intense in the sun; flesh yellow, rose-colored under the skin, sweet, juicy, acidulated; pit small, oval, round; ripens about the middle of June.

=Belle de Rochelle.= Species? =1.= _Gard. Chron._ 1068. 1861.

Mentioned as remarkable for its size, its abundant juice and rich flavor which are said to make it one of the best fruits of its season. Its long stems facilitate picking.

=Belle de Rocmont.= _P. avium_ =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:167, 168. 1768.

_Glanzende goldgelb und roth marmorirte Kramelkirsche._ =2.= Kraft Pom. Aust. =1=:3, Tab. 5 fig. 2. 1792.

_Schöne von Rocmont._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 311-316. 1819.

_Pigeon's Heart._ =4.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 30. 1828.

_Bigarreau belle de Rocmond._ =5.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 46. 1831.

_Coeur de Pigeon Gros._ =6.= _Ibid._ 48. 1831.

_Pigeon Heart Bigarreau._ =7.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:127. 1832.

_Bigarreau de Rocmont._ =8.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =2=:No. 6, Pl. 1846.

_Rocmonter Marmorkirsche._ =9.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:39. 1858.

_Rothe Spanische Marmorkirsche._ =10.= _Ibid._ 39, 40. 1858.

Belle de Rocmont is so similar to Yellow Spanish that some writers consider them the same. If not the same they are so nearly so that a description of this variety is unnecessary.

=Belle de Saint Tronc.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27. 1876. =2.= _Flor. & Pom._ 117. 1878. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 334, 359. 1889.

This Heart cherry was introduced in 1873 by M. Antonie, Marseilles, Bouches-du-Rhône, France. It is described by the French as a brownish-black cherry but Rivers lists it as a light red sort. Fruit cordate; stem short; brownish-black; flesh deep red, juicy; first quality; early; productive.

=Belle Vezzouris.= Species? =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 278. 1857. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 664. 1897.

A medium to large, light red, somewhat transparent cherry with a subacid flavor; quality good; ripens with Downer.

=Belle de Voisery.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 334. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.

Similar to Duchesse de Palluau according to _Guide Pratique._

=Bender= (of Michigan). _P. cerasus._ =1.= Wood _Cat._ 32. 1912.

This is a seedling found by a man named Bender near Shelby, Michigan. It ripens between Early Richmond and Montmorency, surpassing the latter in size, color and quality; sour.

=Bender= (of New York). _P. avium × P. cerasus._

_Marguerite._ =1.= McKay _Cat._ 7. 1912.

This variety is an accidental seedling found by J. O. Bender, Fayetteville, New York, about 1875. It is a late cherry of the Duke group. The fruit is attractive both in size and color, making a valuable market sort. Fruit roundish-cordate to oblate, compressed; cavity medium, flaring; suture very shallow; stem slender, above medium in length; skin of medium thickness and toughness, separating from the pulp, light red, yellowish on the shaded side; flesh pale yellow, somewhat coarse and stringy, tender, melting, subacid, juicy; good in quality; stone large, slightly clinging along the ventral suture. Very similar to Late Duke.

=Berlin Amarelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 549. 1901.

A vigorous variety received from L. Spath, Berlin, Germany. Fruit medium to large, oval; skin glossy red; flesh tender, juicy, pleasingly acid; season from the middle to the last of July in Canada.

=Bernard.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Am. Hort. An._ 88. 1869.

Described by D. B. Wier, Lacon, Illinois, as a seedling of the Morello group. Tree vigorous, pyramidal in growth; fruit the size, shape, color and flavor of English Morello but with a smaller pit.

=Bettenburger Glaskirsche.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 445, 446, 689. 1819. =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 171 fig., 172. 1860.

_Transparent de Bettenburg._ =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:77, 78, fig. 37. 1866-73.

_Belle Allemande._ =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25. 1876.

Truchsess, a German, grew this variety from a stone of the Prager Muscateller, in 1794. The tree has a close growth and with its large, wide leaves is easily recognized from other light Duke cherries. The fruit is often confused with Double Glass but the color is darker, the stem longer and thicker, the flavor sweeter, and the season from eight to ten days later. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit large, cordate, rather obtuse, with a pronounced suture extending into the cavity; stem long, set in a smooth, shallow cavity; skin tough, clear purple changing to dark red; flesh yellowish-white, transparent, juicy, not colored unless well ripened, sweetish-sour, slightly aromatic; stone of medium size, globular, plump, truncate at the base; season late.

=Bettenburger Herzkirsche.= _P. avium_. =1.= _Ill. Handb_. 65 fig., 66. 1860.

_Bettenburger Schwarze Herzkirsche._ =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 115, 116. 1819.

_Guigne de Bettenbourg._ =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:301. 1866.

This variety is a seedling of a worthless black Heart cherry, raised by Truchsess in 1794. Fruit very large, flattened, heart-shaped, sides compressed; stem short, set in a shallow cavity; apex slightly depressed; skin tough, deep dark-brown with light spots. turning black when ripe; flesh tender, juicy, very sweet; stone almost small, plump, roundish; season the last of June in Germany.

=Bettenburger Kirsche von der Natte.= _P. cerasus_. =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 507-511. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:61. 1858.

A variety received by Truchsess as Kirsche von der Natte and disseminated by him as such. After a few years he found that it was not true to name and to avoid further confusion added the word Bettenburger. Fruit large, roundish, flattened at the base; suture indistinct; stem short, slender, shallowly inserted; skin tough, dull, dark brown, inclined to black; flesh dark red, juicy, aromatic, subacid; stone not large, plump; ripens the middle of July in Germany.

=Bettenburger Weichsel.= _P. cerasus_. =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:62, 63. 1858.

_Bettenburger Weichsel Grosser Gobet_. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 521, 522, 523. 1819.

_Bettenburger Weichsel von der Natte_. =3.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit_. 171. 1825.

_Griotte de Bettenbourg_. =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat_. 22, 194. 1876.

This German variety came from seeds of Grosse Gobet planted by Truchsess in 1794. Fruit very large, sides compressed; skin tough, dark brownish-red; flesh and juice dark, pleasingly sour, improves if left on the tree; stone large, cordate, pointed.

=Bicolor Van Mons.= Species? =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:99, 208. 1866.

Fruit medium in size, slightly elongated; attractively variegated with red; of mediocre quality; matures the last fortnight of June.

=Bigarreau Abbesse de Mouland.= _P. avium_. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom_. 334. 1889.

Listed in the reference given.

=Bigarreau Antoine Nomblot.= _P. avium_. =1.= _Rev. Hort_. 569, 570, Pl. 1912.

In 1903, Alfred Nomblot planted what he believed to be a seed of Bigarreau Dönnissen but the resulting tree in many of its characters resembled Bigarreau Noir de Kruger which stood near the supposed parent. A cross between these varieties might result in a dark fruit similar to this. Tree vigorous, upright, very productive; fruit above medium in size, cordate, attached in ones, twos and threes; stem long; skin marbled with purple changing to black; flesh firm, sugary, juicy, high flavored; pit small, ovoid; early. Recommended by the Société Pomologique de France as a good, early cherry.

=Bigarreau Blanc Précoce.= _P. avium. 1._ Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:144. 1882.

A short description of the tree-characters is given in this reference.

=Bigarreau Blanc-Rosé de Piémont.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22. 1876. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.

Matures late; according to _Guide Pratique_, 1895, it is very similar to Napoleon.

=Bigarreau Bordan.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:183, 184 fig. 1877.

_Bordans frühe weisse Herzkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:27. 1858.

_Bordans Herzkirsche._ =3.= _Ill. Handb._ 97 fig., 98. 1860. =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18, 197. 1876.

_Guigne Blanche de Bordan._ =5.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:97, 98, 208. 1866.

This variety was raised by M. Bordan of Guben, Prussia, Germany, and was first described by Oberdieck. Leroy lists it as a Bigarreau as he believes the flesh is too firm for a Guigne as many Germans have described it. Tree hardy, productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, elongated-cordate, sides and base often compressed; suture shallow; stem long, slender, set in a wide, deep cavity; skin glossy, yellowish, spotted and streaked with red, becoming almost entirely washed with red in the sun; flesh tender, whitish, juicy, sugary, slightly acidulated, pleasing; stone medium, oval, turgid; season early.

=Bigarreau de Bourget.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 335. 1889.

Listed without a description by Mathieu.

=Bigarreau Brun.= _P. avium._ =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:35. 1771.

Not described.

=Bigarreau de Capucins.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Chron._ N. S. =19=:255. 1883.

_Kapuziner Knorpel._ =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 364. 1889.

This variety is little known out of Belgium. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, obtuse-oblong, regular, depressed at the ends; skin amber-yellow, blushed with red; flesh white, crisp, juicy.

=Bigarreau de la Caserne.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Chron._ 663. 1866.

According to the reference this variety is spoken of in _La Belgique Horticole_ as a variety with prodigious leaves, yellow fruit dashed with red and of good quality.

=Bigarreau Cayenne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22. 1876. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:186 fig. 1877.

_Cayenner Knorpelkirsche._ =3.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 55. 1907.

This variety was received by Leroy in 1857 from Angouleme, Charente, France. Fruit generally borne in pairs; of medium size, oval, somewhat cylindrical, compressed at the extremities, with a large, rather deep suture; apex generally prominent; stem long; cavity broad and regular; skin thick, yellow, washed with pale red changing to lively red in the sun; flesh yellowish, firm, brittle, juicy, sweet, slightly sugary and aromatic; pit large, oval, slightly convex; ripens the last of June to the first of July.

=Bigarreau de Châlons.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:131, 132, 209. 1866.

A local variety, widely known in the departments of Jura and Saône-et-Loire, France, as Châlonnaise. Fruit large, roundish-cordate, depressed at the base, one face flattened, the other bulged; suture slight; stem short; skin a deep purple tint in the sun, spotted with clear red in the shade; flesh white or of a slight rose color, with uncolored juice, sugary, aromatic; pit small; season the middle of June.

=Bigarreau de Champvans.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27. 1876. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.

This is an excellent cherry of the Bigarreau type with colored juice and transparent skin, which originated in the department of Saône-et-Loire, France; said in the second reference to be similar to Napoleon.

=Bigarreau Corniola.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:191, 192 fig. 1877.

The name Corniola is derived from cornaline, the French for cornelian. Tree medium in size and productiveness; fruit attached in twos or threes, large, roundish, slightly compressed at the ends and faces; suture deep; stem short, set in a rather deep cavity; skin whitish-yellow, largely washed with rose color and spotted with deep carmine; flesh yellowish, firm, not fibrous, juicy, sugary, slightly acidulated; first quality; season early June.

=Bigarreau Court Picout Hâtif.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.

Listed in this reference.

=Bigarreau Court Picout Tardif.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.

Mentioned in the reference given.

=Bigarreau Dönnissen.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 16, 189. 1876.

_Dönnissens gelbe Knorpelkirsche._ =2.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 162. 1825. =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:44. 1858. =4.= _Ill. Handb._ 145 fig., 146. 1860.

_Bigarreau jaune de Dönissen._ =5.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:304. 1866.

This variety is a seedling from Guben, Prussia, Germany, named for the originator; it fruited first about 1824. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit attached in twos, sometimes threes, large, roundish-cordate; suture slight; stem long, rather stout; cavity broad, shallow; skin glossy, transparent, yellowish-orange when ripe; flesh whitish, firm, slightly fibrous, moderately juicy, sugary, pleasingly acidulated; first quality; pit large, ovoid, plump; ripens the last of June to the first of July.

=Bigarreau Doré.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22. 1876. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 15. 1895.

Fruit yellow, round.

=Bigarreau Double Royale.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:195 fig., 196. 1877.

_Königliche Fleischkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:34. 1858.

_Königliche Herzkirsche._ =3.= _Ill. Handb._ 467 fig., 468. 1861.

_Guigne Royale._ =4.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:301. 1866.

The fact that Oberdieck received this variety from the Société Horticole de Prague under the French name Double Royale leads us to believe, as does Leroy, that it is of French rather than of Austrian origin as many German writers hold. Tree vigorous; fruit usually borne in pairs, large, cordate, rather abrupt at the ends; stem long, slender; cavity shallow; suture almost indistinct; skin glossy, reddish-brown to nearly black; flesh moderately tender, red, juicy, vinous, sweet; quality very good; pit small, ovoid, turgid; ripens about the middle of June.

=Bigarreau Dur.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 46. 1831.

Listed in this reference without description.

=Bigarreau Duranno.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:191. 1877.

This variety is first mentioned by Leroy in 1868, appearing in his catalog of 1875 incorrectly as Bigarreau Duracino. The trees are used for stocks. Fruit large, roundish-cordate, uneven; suture narrow; stem long, slender; skin deep red in the sun; flesh firm, dry, acidulated, sugary; matures early in July.

=Bigarreau Galopin.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.

Mentioned in this reference.

=Bigarreau Glady.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:206 fig. 1877.

This variety was sent from the Jumard nursery about 1850 to Eugène Glady, Bordeaux, France. Fruit above medium in size, cordate, elongated; stem of medium length, set in a straight, deep cavity; skin brownish-red, striped with carmine; flesh a light rose color, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, slightly acidulated; first quality; pit of medium size; ripens the first of June.

=Bigarreau Grand.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Pom. France_ =7=:No. 13, Pl. 13. 1871. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 15. 1895.

This cherry was introduced into the vicinity of Lyons, France, in 1849 by M. Grand who probably brought it from his nurseries in Italy. It has many characters in common with Lyons. Tree moderately vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate, truncate at the base; suture wide, deep; stem medium, straight, set in a wide, deep cavity; skin thin, smooth, changing from a whitish-green to a rose-red and later to a deep crimson; flesh fine, half-tender, rose-colored, lighter near pit, with pale juice, sugary, aromatic; good; pit large, oval; season very early.

=Bigarreau Groll.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 135 fig., 136. 1860. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:207 fig., 208. 1877.

_Grolls bunte Knorpelkirsche._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 328, 329. 1819.

_Bigarreau blanc de Groll._ =4.= _Guide Prat._ 17, 182. 1895.

This seedling from Guben, Prussia, Germany, bearing the name of its originator, has been known and rather widely written about since early in the Nineteenth Century. Tree of moderate vigor; fruit generally borne in pairs, large, cordate, truncate at the base; sides compressed and marked by a suture; stem long, set in a wide, shallow cavity; skin red, becoming darker, spotted and streaked; flesh yellowish, somewhat firm, juicy, aromatic; first quality; stone large, oval; ripens in June and hangs for a long time.

=Bigarreau Gros Noir de Luther.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22. 1876.

Listed in the reference given.

=Bigarreau Hâtif de Champagne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27. 1876. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.

Found at Champagne, Ain, France, and introduced in 1873 by M. Fandon. The tree is an erect, vigorous grower; fruit large, brownish-black, ripening two weeks before Lyons; of little value.

=Bigarreau Hâtif de Saint-Laud.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:107, 108, fig. 54. 1882. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 337. 1889.

Fruit large, cordate, slightly irregular in outline; stem rather short, set in a wide, round cavity; skin clear red, striped with deeper red changing to purple; flesh rather tender, tinged red, with abundant colored juice, sugary, vinous; good; pit small, ovoid, slightly compressed; matures the middle of June.

=Bigarreau d'Italie.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:102-104, 219, fig. 21. 1866. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:211, 212 fig. 1877.

_Bohemian Black Bigarreau._ =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 69, 76, 94. 1866.

_Black Bohemian._ =4.= Fish _Hardy-Fr. Bk._ =2=:104. 1882.

This old variety was much esteemed by the Italians and later by the Belgians who grew it as early as 1815; it is of more recent introduction into France and England. It is sometimes confused with the Florence of Hogg and Downing. Fruit roundish, slightly heart-shaped, flattened at both ends; suture distinct; stem thick, short, inserted in an acute, deep cavity; skin firm, thick, glossy, very deep purple changing to black; flesh firm, dark, juicy, sugary, aromatic; pit medium, roundish-oval, convex, suture and grooves prominent; season the last two weeks of June.

=Bigarreau Jacquet.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 337. 1889.

Listed in this reference.

=Bigarreau Jumard.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict Pom._ =5=: 206. 1877.

Mentioned as having been received by Eugène Glady, Bordeaux, Gironde, France, in a shipment of trees received about 1850 from the Jumard nursery.

=Bigarreau Krüger.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:215, 216 fig. 1877.

_Bigarreau noir de Krüger._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22, 190. 1876.

_Krüger's Schwarze Knorpelkirsche._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 366. 1889.

This variety was introduced into France by M. Eugène Glady, 1858, from Guben, Prussia, Germany, and is thought to have been originated by one of the Krüger family. Tree vigorous, bears early; fruit large to above, cordate, more or less roundish, faces compressed; suture wide; stem long, slender, set in a large cavity; skin yellowish-white, mingled with red, changing to brownish; flesh pale yellow, rather firm, slightly fibrous, juicy, sweet though sprightly; pit large, elongated-oval, flat; ripens toward the middle of June.

=Bigarreau Legrey.= _P. avium._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 69, 74. 1866.

A small, cordate-shaped Bigarreau, more curious than useful.

=Bigarreau de Lory.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 205. 1819.

_Bigarreau de Loire._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.

Mentioned as a medium-sized, dark brownish-red, firm-fleshed fruit.

=Bigarreau Marjolet.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Guide Prat._ 7. 1895.

_Guigne Marjolet._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:135, 136, fig. 68. 1882. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 360. 1889.

_Bigarreau Marjeollais._ =4.= _Ibid._ 337. 1889.

_Marjolets Knorpelkirsche._ =5.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 57. 1907.

The descriptions of the Guigne Marjolet and the Bigarreau Marjolet are identical and we have combined the two. The variety was named after its originator, M. Marjolet; tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate, dark red; flesh tender, red, vinous, pleasing; ripens the middle of June.

=Bigarreau Mongin.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 482. 1904.

Tree of medium growth; fruit medium in size, cordate; stem long, inserted in a deep cavity; skin clear yellow blushed with red; flesh yellowish-white, tender, juicy, sweet, pleasant; ripens in July in Canada.

=Bigarreau Monstreuse de Bavay.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 235. 1854.

Spoken of, in 1854, as promising but evidently it has been discarded as no reference has been made to it since that date. It may be Reine Hortense.

=Bigarreau Moreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 552, 553, Pl. 1913.

This cherry recently originated as a chance seedling near Lyons, France, several persons claiming the honor of its discovery. Its value was discussed at the meetings of the Société Pomologique de France in 1909 and 1911 when it was adjudged by leading French pomologists to be one of the earliest of all varieties, earlier than Lyons, and showing high commercial possibilities. Tree handsome in type of growth, with open, somewhat erect branches; leaves large, deeply serrate; fruit very large; color beautiful clear red becoming darker at maturity; flesh white, breaking, very firm, with uncolored juice, sweet, very refreshing; stone medium to small; season in France very early.

=Bigarreau Napoléon Noir.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22. 1876.

_Bigarreau Noir Napoléon III._ =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:227 fig., 228. 1877.

_Napoléon Noir._ =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 307. 1884.

_Herzkirsche Napoléon III._ =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 362. 1889.

The origin of this cherry is uncertain. Leroy first noted it in the Simon-Louis catalog in 1867. To avoid confusion with the well-known Napoleon, he added the number III. Fruit usually attached in pairs, large, varying from elongated-oval to cylindrical; stem long, set in a large cavity; color dull red changing to deep maroon; flesh rose-colored, moderately firm, very juicy, sweet; ripens the last of June.

=Bigarreau Noir d'Ecully.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 338. 1889. =2.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 522. 1906.

_Ecullyer Knorpelkirsche._ =3.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 55. 1907.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size, black at maturity; flesh firm, crisp, dark, vinous, sugary, juicy, good; late.

=Bigarreau Noir à Gros Fruits.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Le Bon Jard._ 345. 1882.

Fruit large, flattened; flesh firm, sweet; first quality; ripens early in June.

=Bigarreau Noir de Heintzen.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22, 190. 1876.

_Heintzen's (Heintze's) Schwarze Knorpelkirsche._ =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 362. 1889.

This is said to be a very good and productive cherry ripening in the fifth week of the cherry season.

=Bigarreau Noir de Tabor.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 19, 190. 1876.

_Tabors schwarze Knorpelkirsche._ =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 79 fig., 80. 1860.

Tree vigorous, upright; fruit of medium size, cordate, often obtuse; sides compressed; suture but a line; stem medium long; cavity variable; skin glossy, dark reddish-brown; flesh firm, dark red, sweet, rich; stone small, roundish; ripens the last of June.

=Bigarreau d'Octobre.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 243. 1858.

_Oktober-Knorpelkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:38. 1858.

This variety was refused a place on the American Pomological Society's fruit list in 1858. Fruit small, oval to roundish-cordate, flattened at the cavity; stem short; skin black, glossy; stone large, oval; good.

=Bigarreau de l'Once.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 190. 1876. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:5, 6, fig. 3. 1882.

It is thought that this variety originated in the vicinity of Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France. Fruit very large, elongated-cordate; suture distinct on one side, a colored line on the other side; stem very long, slender; cavity deep, large; skin a clear cherry-red on a yellow ground; flesh yellowish, crisp, firm, sweet, refreshing, with abundant, uncolored juice; quality good; pit large; season the first of July.

=Bigarreau Pourpré.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 190. 1876.

_Gros Bigarreau pourpré._ =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:212, 215, 218. 1866.

Tree vigorous; fruit large, roundish-cordate; skin deep reddish-brown; flesh firm, good; ripens early in July.

=Bigarreau Printanier d'Oullins.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.

Mentioned in this reference.

=Bigarreau Reverchon.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:133. 1866. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:235 fig., 382. 1877. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 285. 1884.

M. Paul Reverchon introduced this variety about 1855, into France from Italy, where it had long been known about Florence as Bigarreau Papal. Tree vigorous, moderately productive; fruit attached in ones or twos, large, obtuse-cordate, marked distinctly on one side by the suture; stem thick, short, set in a prominent cavity; skin smooth, glossy, tough, rose-yellow streaked with purple in the sun and with red in the shade; flesh light red, crisp, fibrous, moderately juicy, rather sweet; pit small, ovoid, plump; season the last of June to the first of July.

=Bigarreau Richelieu.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:235, 236 fig. 1877.

This variety, says Leroy, was introduced into France from Nikita, Crimea, Russia, about 1858. Fruit borne in pairs, large, elongated-cordate, with one side flattened; stem long, inserted in a small mamelonated cavity; skin glossy, yellowish-amber, with a rose-colored blush in the sun; flesh firm, breaking, filamentose, juicy, sweet, aromatic; first quality; stone of medium size, elongated-cordate; ripens the last of June.

=Bigarreau Rosa.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:239 fig. 1877.

Tree moderately productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, large, elongated-cordate, faces flattened; suture wide, deep; stem long, rather stout, set in a wide cavity; skin yellowish on rose-colored ground, amply washed with brilliant red on which are scattered small, white dots; flesh yellowish-white, firm, compact, filamentose, juicy, uncolored, rather sugary, acidulated, aromatic; second quality; pit large, turgid; ripens the last of June.

=Bigarreau Rose Dragon.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 96. 1877.

Reported by the Committee on Foreign Fruits in 1877 as worthy of trial but not grown at present. Fruit large, pale yellow, with a red cheek; flesh firm, juicy, sweet, good; season the middle of July.

=Bigarreau de Schrecken.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 190. 1876. _Schreckens Kirsche._ =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 377. 1889.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; brownish-black, glossy; flesh moderately firm; first quality; matures in mid-June.

=Bigarreau Strié.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:114, 115, 208. 1866.

Fruit large, elongated-cordate, faces compressed; suture wide; stem short, rather stout; skin many shades of red and purple on a rose-colored ground with flesh-colored spots; flesh reddish, firm, crisp, sweet; juice slightly colored; quality fair; stone small; season early; deteriorates rapidly.

=Bigarreau de Trie.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 13. 1887.

Origin unknown, but rather widely cultivated around Trie, Hautes-Pryénées, France. Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, roundish, compressed, slightly cordate; stem long, slender; skin tough, deep red, transparent, with a slight blush of amber; flesh whitish-yellow, very firm, juicy, uncolored, sugary, aromatic; good; season early July.

=Bigarreau à Trochets.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22. 1876.

An extremely productive variety distributed in some parts of France; fruit large, red; flesh brittle; ripens in late June.

=Bigarreau Turca.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:247, 248 fig. 1877.

This old cherry was described in 1785 as Heaume Rouge but was found in 1862 by Leroy in Florence, Italy, as Bigarreau Turca by which name it was well known. It is probably not of Turkish origin as the name would indicate. Fruit often borne in pairs, large, obtuse-cordate; suture noticeable but not deep; stem short; cavity spacious; color deep red, lightly spotted with gray; flesh rather firm, fibrous, mottled with light red becoming darker near the pit, juicy, sweet, sprightly; pit large, ovoid, plump; ripens late in June.

=Bigarreau de Walpurgis.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:250 fig. 1877.

_St. Walpurgiskirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:35. 1858.

_Walpurgiskirsche._ =3.= _Ill. Handb._ 41 fig., 42. 1867.

_Cerise Walpurgis._ =4.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:157, 158, fig. 77. 1866-73.

This variety is a seedling from the village of Walpurgisburg, near Cologne, Germany, originating about 1845. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit attached in pairs, very large, roundish-cordate, compressed; suture shallow, extending entirely around the fruit; stem slender, rather long; cavity wide, shallow, sides only slightly raised; skin firm, adherent, glossy, dark cherry-red changing to almost black; flesh firm, dark red, juicy, aromatic, vinous; pit of medium size, oval, dark red; ripens late in July.

=Bigarreau de Zeisberg.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 190. 1876.

_Zeisbergische Kirsche._ =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 31 fig., 32. 1867.

_Cerise de Zeisberg._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:35, 36, fig. 18. 1882.

Oberdieck received this variety, which bears the name of its originator, from Hanover, Prussia, Germany, in 1857. Fruit very large, obtuse-cordate; suture wide, flat on the dorsal side, extending slightly beyond the apex; stem long, rather slender, set in a flaring cavity; skin glossy, brownish-black, later becoming black, adhering to the pulp; flesh firm, dark red, juicy, pleasant, with an aromatic sweetness when mature; season the last of June.

=Bigarreau Zschedowitzer Schwarze.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 23. 1876. Listed in the reference given.

=Bigarreautier à Petit Fruit Noir.= _P. avium._ =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:503. 1860. A mediocre but productive cherry ripening in August.

=Bigarreautier à Petit Fruit Rose.= _P. avium._ =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:503. 1860.

A variety raised from seed in 1824; tree vigorous; stem long; flesh tender, white, sugary; quality fair; July.

=Bill and Coo.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 454. 1869.

Two lovers made the original tree their haunt, hence, the name "Bill and Coo." This variety originated on the grounds of Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio. Fruit of medium size, regular heart-shaped, flattened at the apex; stem long, slender; cavity deep; suture broad on one side, the opposite side knobby; color amber-yellow, marbled with clear red; flesh rich, delicate, sweet; ripens early in June.

=Bismarck.= _P. avium._ =1.= Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas _Cat._ 20. 1907.

This variety is a Sweet Cherry from near Baltimore, Maryland. Fruit very large, dark red, firm, sweet, juicy and rich; vigorous and productive; ripens the first of July.

=Black American.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 47. 1831.

Listed without description in this reference.

=Black Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Knoop Fructologie_ =2=:35, 37, 38. 1771. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:130. 1832.

_Bigarreau hâtif._ =3.= _Le Bond Jard_. 345. 1882.

_Bigarreau noir Hâtif._ =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 285. 1884.

Black Bigarreau is an old variety of unknown origin quite distinct from any others of its class. Tree productive; fruit medium to large, heart-shaped, obscurely flattened; stem long; skin at first dotted with red, later becoming black, glossy; flesh firm, rather dry, with dark colored juice, breaking, sweet; not high in quality; ripens the last of June and the first of July.

=Black Bigarreau of Savoy.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 185. 1845. =2.= _Ibid._ 256. 1857.

_New Large Black Bigarreau._ =3.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 234, 235. 1841. =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 185. 1845. =5.= _Mag. Hort._ =16=:538 fig., 539. 1850.

_Large Black Bigarreau of Savoy._ =6.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:251. 1842.

_Walsh Seedling._ =7.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 196, 197. 1854.

_Bigarreau noir de Savoie._ =8.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:33, 34, fig. 15. 1866-73.

The original tree of this variety was brought from the south of France by the father of George Walsh, Charlestown, Massachusetts. The tree came into bearing about 1840. In 1841, fruits were exhibited from trees introduced into American collections from Italy as New Large Black Bigarreau, and were thought by several people to be the Black Bigarreau of Savoy. Until 1857, all writers held these two varieties to be distinct but Downing then declared them to be the same and on his authority we combine the two. Tree vigorous, handsome; fruit large, regular, cordate, slightly obtuse; stem long, rather stout, set in a narrow, even cavity; skin smooth, not very glossy, nearly black when mature; flesh dark purplish-red, firm, juicy, sweet, rich, slightly adherent to the stone; pit rather large; ripens the middle of July.

=Black Hungarian Gean.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 50. 1831.

A round, black Guigne of second quality with tender, transparent flesh; used for dessert.

=Black Margaret.= Species? =1.= Watkins _Cat._ 32. 1892.

Described as a fine, black, very late, English cherry.

=Black Prolific.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort Soc. Cat._ 55. 1831.

Listed in the reference given.

=Black Spanish.= _P. avium._ =1.= Rea _Flora_ 205. 1676. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 177-180. 1819.

_Schwarze oder Späte Herzkirsche._ =3.= Krünitz _Enc._ 60, 61. 1790.

_Spanish._ =4.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 217. 1835.

_Schwarze Spanische Knorpelkirsche._ =5.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:37. 1858.

_Bigarreau noir d'Espagne._ =6.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 23, 189. 1876.

This is an old variety first mentioned by the English and in all probability is of English origin. It has been greatly confused by some German writers with other black cherries but Truchsess maintains that if placed beside the Grosse Schwarze Knorpelkirsche and the Grosse Schwarze Knorpelkirsche mit Festem Fleische, the two with which it is most often confused, differences could be noted especially as to firmness of flesh and smallness of pit. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, compressed; suture distinct; stem slender, short; cavity small, smooth, shallow; skin dark reddish-brown changing to black, lighter along the suture; flesh more tender than in most hard-fleshed sorts, dark red, sweet; stone small, adhering before fully mature, colored; ripens early in July or earlier.

=Black Turkey Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= Watkins _Cat._ 32. 1892.

Fruit large, black, late; suitable for market and home use.

=Blasse Johanni Kirsche.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 23. 1876.

Received by Thomas with a recommendation from Baron Emanuel Trauttenberg of Prague.

=Bocage.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25. 1876. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.

This variety is said, in _Guide Pratique_, 1895, to be similar to Carnation, a Sour Cherry, while Thomas says it is similar to Reine Hortense, a hybrid sort.

=Bohemian Queen.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Can. Hort._ =13=:104. 1890.

This variety is said to come true to seed; to be similar in fruit-characters to Ostheim, though larger and more fleshy; to be productive and a cherry of good flavor; and to succeed well in moist land.

=Bon Bon.= Species? =1.= Childs _Cat._ 153 fig. 1893.

A very early, large, dark red, juicy cherry; ships well and bears regularly.

=Book.= Species? =1.= _Pa. Dept. Agr. Rpt._ Pt. =1=:427. 1902.