Chapter V: The Minor Varieties of Cherries (6)

=New Royal.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 54. 1831.

Listed without a description.

=Nienburger Frühe Bunte Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:27. 1858.

Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, sides compressed; stem of medium length, stout, straight; skin yellowish, spotted and streaked; flesh aromatically sweet; pit oval; ripens the middle of June.

=Noble.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Am. Gard._ =20=:576. 1899. =2.= Bunyard-Thomas _Fr. Gard._ 44. 1904.

This variety is said to resemble May Duke. Fruit large; color deep crimson to darker; flesh firm, colored, rich; late; productive.

=Noire des Vosges.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:105, 106, fig. 51. 1866-73.

_Griotte Noire des Vosges. =2.= Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom._ 98 fig., 99. 1904.

This old variety is probably a native of eastern France. The fruit is used for confections and liquors. Fruit attached in pairs, medium in size, obtuse-cordate; suture indistinct; stem long, slender, set in a shallow cavity; color almost black at maturity; flesh dark, tender, vinous, acidulated; stone small, oval, obtuse at the apex; ripens late in July.

=Nonpareil.= Species? =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 187. 1908.

Nonpareil is a black cherry which originated at Vacaville, California.

=Norfolk.= Species? =1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 87. 1872.

Mentioned as a seedling cherry grown by J. H. Fenno; not described.

=Norma.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Fruit Grower_ =19=:368. 1908.

Norma is a black cherry grown by R. H. Weber, The Dalles, Oregon; it is earlier than Napoleon.

=Northeast.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =27=:11. 1904.

Northeast is a rather dwarf cherry of the Morello type; very productive. Said to be valuable as a late market variety but the trees are lacking in vigor and subject to leaf blight.

=Northwest.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 165. 1881. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 25. 1899. =3.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:76 fig. 16, 88. 1903.

This is one of the varieties originated by D. B. Wier, Lacon, Illinois, and first distributed by Professor J. L. Budd as Wier's No. 29; the fruit resembles Baldwin. The American Pomological Society placed Northwest on its fruit catalog in 1899 but dropped it in 1909. Tree medium in size, resembling English Morello closely both in size and habit, very productive; fruit medium to large, roundish, obscurely heart-shaped; stem long, adhering quite firmly to the fruit; skin tough, medium in thickness, dark attractive red, becoming nearly black; flesh deeply colored, firm, brisk but pleasant acid, mingled with a slight astringency; good in quality; stone small, roundish; season early.

=Occident.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 40. 1895.

Occident is a seedling of Napoleon which originated with C. E. Hoskins, Springbrook, Oregon. Fruit heart-shaped, above medium in size, smooth; stem long, slender; cavity large, regular, deep, flaring, shaded with pink; suture shallow; skin very dark purplish-red, thick, tenacious; dots numerous, small, russet, indented; flesh dark reddish, translucent, with white veining, firm, meaty, juicy, mild subacid, rich; good to very good; season late in June; a good shipper.

=Ohio Beauty.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Horticulturist_ =2=:123 fig. 19. 1847-48. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 212. 1854. =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:93 fig. 18, 94, 95. 1866. =4.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 12. 1871.

_Bigarreau Bauté de l'Ohio._ =5.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:177, 178 fig. 1877.

Ohio Beauty probably originated in 1842 with Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio; first disseminated in 1847. The American Pomological Society listed it on its fruit catalog in 1871 but dropped it in 1895. Tree large, vigorous, hardy, very productive; fruit medium to large, cordate, compressed; cavity of medium depth, wide; stem slender, long; skin thin, of medium toughness, light yellow overspread with crimson; dots numerous, light russet, conspicuous; flesh whitish, with colorless juice, tender, meaty, mild, sweet; good in quality; stone clinging, irregular-ovate; season early.

=Okiya.= _P. pumila × P. americana._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =108=:1908. =2.= _Ibid._ =130=:176, Pl. 6. 1911.

Okiya is a cross between the Sand Cherry and Gold plum. Fruit roundish, dark red; flesh green; excellent quality.

=Oliver.= Species? =1.= _Ariz. Sta. Bul._ =15=:65. 1895. =2.= _Neb. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 18. 1900.

Oliver is said to be a valuable cherry for home use in Nebraska; slow in coming into bearing.

=Opata.= _P. pumila × P. americana._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =108=:1908. =2.= _Ibid._ =130=:173, 174 Pl. 4, 175, 176. 1911.

Opata, a cross between the Sand Cherry and Gold plum which was sent out in 1908. It is a plum in habit of growth, vigorous; foliage large, glossy; fruit one and three-sixteenths inches in diameter, roundish; skin thin, tender, dark purplish-red with blue bloom; flesh green, firm; flavor very pleasant combining the sprightly acid of the Sand Cherry with the rich sweetness of the Gold plum; pit very small; season early, the middle of August.

=Oregon.= _P. avium._ =1.= Wickson _Cat. Fruits_ 290. 1889. 2. _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 150. 1895.

Oregon is a seedling of Napoleon originated by H. W. Prettyman, East Portland, Oregon, and named by the Oregon Horticultural Society in 1888. W. S. Failing of Portland introduced it the same year. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate, irregularly flattened along the suture; stem medium in length, stout, set in a deep, irregular cavity; skin black; flesh firm, very dark, juicy, sweet; later than Napoleon.

=Orel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 327. 1888. =2.= _Maine Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 145. 1889.

This name is given to a dwarf cherry similar to Vladimir from Orel, Russia. It has small leaves and a close habit of growth; comes into bearing when from three to four feet in height; fruit larger than Montmorency, nearly black when ripe, mildly subacid.

=Orel No. 24. _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 328. 1888. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:77, 78. 1903.

This variety was imported by Budd but the name was lost. Some believe it to be Lutovka but as grown at the Iowa Station it is more like Early Morello in form and size of tree and fruit. Tree smaller and more open than Lutovka; fruit of medium size, roundish-oblate; cavity deep; stem medium in length, stout; suture a faint line; skin thin, translucent, cornelian-red; flesh firm, colored, juicy, pleasingly acid; good; pit round, angular; season the latter part of June.

=Orel Sweet.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =19=:549. 1892. =2.= _Wash. Sta. Bul._ =92=:21. 1910.

_Orel No._ 26. =3.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 328. 1888.

Orel Sweet is known in Europe as Lianzkaja Black; it was introduced into America by Budd as Orel 26; one of the hardiest of Sweet Cherries. Tree large, with a spreading top; fruit of medium size, roundish-oblate; stem long, slender; skin thin, tender, dark red; flesh soft, subacid; pit small, round, stained; ripens the last of July in Washington.

=Orleans.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Brown Bros. _Cat._ 19. 1906.

Orleans originated in Orleans County, New York. Probably not propagated at present, although known to many as an improved Montmorency.

=Orléa Smith.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.

Mentioned but not described.

=Osceola.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 200 fig. 1854. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 74. 1862.

Professor J. P. Kirtland of Cleveland, Ohio, originated the Osceola in 1842, from a pit of the Yellow Spanish. It was placed on the fruit list of the American Pomological Society in 1862 but was taken from the list in 189=1.= Tree round, spreading, hardy, healthy, productive; fruit medium to large, cordate; stem moderately stout inserted in a deep cavity; suture deep, broad; color dark purplish-red, inclining to black; flesh dark red, juicy, rich, sweet; pit medium or small, ovate, rounded; season the last of June and early July.

=Ostheim (of Morris).= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 75. 1890.

This is a small, dark colored cherry differing from the Minnesota Ostheim in being later and slightly inferior in quality. Fruit round, compressed; quality fair, lacking in juiciness; pit large; ripens about August 6th in Ottawa, Canada.

=Othello.= _P. pumila._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 353. 1896.

One of the Canada Experiment Farm's seedlings of _Prunus pumila_, the Sand Cherry; fruit large, very black, fair.

=Owanka.= _P. pumila × P. americana._ =1.= S. _Dak. Sta. Bul._ =108=:1908. =2.= _Ibid._ =130=:176. 1911.

Owanka, a cross between the Sand Cherry and Gold plum, was discarded soon after it was sent out because of its bitter skin; tree hardy, productive; fruit one and three-eighths inches in diameter; apex terminated by a minute prickle; skin dark red, with blue bloom; flesh yellow.

=Ox Heart (of America).= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 24. 1899.

_Major Francis._ =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 127. 1875. =3.= _Wash. Sta. Bul._ =92=:29. 1910.

_Coeur de Boeuf nouveau_? =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.

This cherry originated with G. W. Walling, Oswego, Oregon, about 1865, and was renamed in honor of Major Francis of Portland. As yet it is known only in the Northwest. The fruit is of good quality, attractive color, ripening with Black Tartarian, but is readily sought by the birds. Tree very large, vigorous, upright, productive; fruit large, heart-shaped, dark red; flesh deeply stained with red, juicy, sweet; quality good; too tender for long shipment; season early.

=Pandys Glaskirsche.= Species? 1. _Proskauer Obstsort._ 59. 1907.

Listed but not described.

=Paramdam.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 308. 1884.

This variety was found nearly a century and a half ago in Paramdam, England. Tree small; fruit small, round; skin pale red; stem an inch long; flesh pale, tender, lively acid, agreeable; ripens the last of July.

=Parent.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 302. 1890.

Listed in the reference given.

=Paretzer Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.

Listed in this reference.

=Pariser Griotte.= _P. cerasus._ 1. Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 430. 1819. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 371. 1889.

This cherry is thought by some to be Duhamel's Griotte but it differs in its more tender flesh, sweeter taste, and smaller stone.

=Parisian Guindoux.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:140. 1832.

Tree moderately large; fruit large, pale red; flesh sweet; excellent; ripens the middle of June.

=Paul.= _P. avium._ =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 185. 1908.

Paul was found by E. V. D. Paul of Ukiah, Oregon; it was propagated and introduced by the Leonard Coates Nursery Company, Morganhill, California, in 1908. Fruit large, black, mottled with dark red; late; a good shipper.

=Pauline de Vigny.= Species? =1.= Mas. _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.

Listed without a description.

=Peach-Blossomed.= Species? =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:151. 1832.

An ornamental cherry with rose-colored flowers.

=Pease.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Hort. An._ 86, 87. 1869.

Pease is a black, sweet seedling from Charles Pease, Sr., Cleveland, Ohio. Tree upright; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; flesh purplish, juicy, rich; follows Black Tartarian in ripening.

=Perlkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 667. 1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 237-242. 1819. =3.= _Ill. Handb._ 111 fig., 112. 1860. =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:25, 26, fig. 13. 1882. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 371. 1889.

This variety is often taken for the Yellow Spanish but is distinct. Tree strong, vigorous, productive; fruit usually large, roundish-cordate, sides compressed; suture distinct; stem short, shallowly but firmly inserted; skin tough, glossy, resembling Yellow Spanish; flesh moderately tender, juicy, pleasing, sweet; stone rather large, elongated-cordate, nearly free; ripens about the middle of July.

=Perlknorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 305-308. 1819. =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 129 fig., 130. 1860.

_Espagne bigarrée._ =3.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:35, 38. 1771.

_Perlmarmorkirsche._ =4.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:43. 1858.

This Bigarreau, though called a Heart by some, should not be confused with Perlkirsche. Fruit medium to above, roundish-cordate; suture indistinct; stem medium short, shallowly inserted; skin tough, glossy, resembling Yellow Spanish; flesh firm, fibrous, juicy, pleasing, sweet; stone medium in size, plump, oval; ripens the last of July to first part of August.

=Petite Morelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:182 fig., 183, 184, 216. 1866.

This is a small, acid cherry used in northern Germany for wine-making and in the kitchen. Tree vigorous, small, bushy; fruit small, round; suture indistinct; stem short, set in a straight, shallow cavity; color dark red changing to black; flesh red, tender, always acid; pit small, reddish, oval, plump; ripens the fourth week of the season.

=Pfitzmann Schwarze Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 372. 1889.

Listed in the reference given.

=Pierce Late.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:89, 134. 1854. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 45. 1854. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 265. 1857.

This variety originated with Amos Pierce but was introduced by James Hyde and Son, Newton, Massachusetts. Tree upright, free, round-topped; fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate, dark red, mottled with light amber; stem slender, rather short; flesh soft, tender, very juicy, sweet, rich; stone small; ripens the last of July.

=Pink Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 219. 1854.

Pink Heart is a small, pinkish-red, oval Mazzard; stem short; ripens in July.

=Planchoury.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =7=:248. 1865. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:61, 62, fig. 29. 1866-73. =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:374, 375 fig. 1877.

_Cerise de Planchouri._ =4.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =6=:71, Pl. 1858.

_Kirsch von Planchoury._ =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 372. 1889.

A Dr. Bretonneau grew this variety on his grounds near the River Loire, France. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, flattened at the base, slightly compressed on the sides, completely transversed by a suture; stem long, set in a large, deep cavity; skin glossy, clear red changing to darker red, uniform; flesh tinged with red, semi-tender, sugary, juicy, agreeably acidulated; first quality; stone large, oval, free; ripens early in July.

=Plattgedrückte Schattenmorelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 26. 1876.

Differs from the English Morello in being more compressed in form.

=Plumstone.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 27. 1909.

_Plumstone Morello._ =2.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 29. 1828. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 198 fig. 1845. =4.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 74. 1862. =5.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:120. 1900.

The origin of this variety is unknown but it was found in Virginia early in the Nineteenth Century by William Prince who brought it to Flushing, New York. Its name seems to have arisen from the form of the stone. According to Prince, this variety surpasses all of the European Morellos for culinary purposes. Tree vigorous, medium in size, productive; fruit very large, roundish or inclined to obtuse-cordate; stem long, rather slender, straight; skin dark red becoming nearly black; flesh reddish, tender, juicy, highly flavored, sprightly, with pleasant acidity when fully mature; stone long, resembling a plum; season late July.

=Plymouth Rock.= _P. avium._ =1.= Lovett _Cat._ 25 fig. 1895. =2.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =169=:200. 1899.

_Plymouth._ =3.= Ont. Dept. Agr. _Fr. Ont._ 102. 1914.

Plymouth Rock is generally believed to have originated with J. H. Black, Hightstown, New Jersey. Tree vigorous, upright, round-topped; fruit above medium in size, heart-shaped, roundish; skin tender, reddish-amber, with a bright red blush; stem long, slender; cavity narrow, shallow; flesh rather tender, light colored, juicy; pit round, plump, small; season early July.

=Podiebrad.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27. 1876.

_Podiebrad Bunte Herzkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:29. 1858. =3.= _Ill. Handb._ 21 fig., 22. 1867.

Probably a seedling from Podiebrad, Hungary. Tree vigorous, productive, bears early; fruit above medium in size, obtuse-cordate; suture indistinct; stem long; cavity wide, moderately deep; skin tender, translucent, sulphur-yellow, nearly entirely washed and spotted with red; flesh tender, pale yellow, juicy, sweet, without sourness; stone medium egg-shaped; ripens early in July.

=Pointed Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:119. 1832.

This cherry is so named because part of the style becomes hard and ligneous forming a sharp point at the apex of the fruit. Fruit cordate; color red on a yellow ground; flesh firm, crisp, rich, tinged with a slight bitterness; early.

=Polsted.= Species? =1.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =24=:412. 1873.

Polsted received its name from a parish in Suffolk, England, where it was extensively grown.

=Polton Gean.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 50. 1831.

Listed without a description.

=Pomeranzen.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 479-482. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:53, 54. 1858.

_Cerise Orange._ =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:306. 1866.

The name was given this cherry because of the appearance of the tree which resembles that of the orange. Tree round with a globular head; fruit large, broadly oblate; stem of medium length, firmly set in a deep cavity; suture a line; skin clear, almost brick-red, becoming glossy, darker, and transparent with many white spots; flesh clear, tinged red, with yellowish-white veins, juicy, sweetly acidulated; first quality; stone medium in size, round, turgid, sharply pointed; ripens the middle of July.

=Pontiac.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 201 fig. 1854. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 69, 89. 1866.

Pontiac originated in 1842, with Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, from =a= pit of Yellow Spanish. Tree vigorous, upright, somewhat spreading, healthy, productive; fruit medium to large, obtuse-cordate, with sides compressed; stem long, slender, inserted in a broad, shallow cavity; skin moderately firm, dark purplish-red, becoming nearly black at maturity; flesh purplish-red, with dark colored juice, rather tender, juicy, pleasant, aromatic, sweet; good in quality; stone medium in size, smooth, separating readily from the flesh; ripens in mid-season.

=Pope.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:150. 1832.

Some of the fruits of this cherry are green in the middle of July whereas the majority are quite ripe; introduced into France from Italy. Fruit large, round, red; stem very long; flesh similar to but more firm than that of the Montmorency.

=Portugal.= Species? =1.= _Rea Flora_ 205. 1676. =2.= Coxe _Cult. Fr. Trees_ 247. 1817.

Tree productive; fruit cordate, red; flavor rich and pleasant; ripens early in June.

=Powhattan.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =2.= Elliott Fr. _Book_ 201. 1854. =3.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =67=:23. 1890.

This is one of the numerous seedlings originated by Professor J. P. Kirtland, from a pit of Yellow Spanish. Fruit roundish-cordate, uneven in outline, compressed on the sides; stem medium to long; skin brownish-red, glossy; flesh purplish-red, half-tender, juicy, sweet; stone small.

=Pragische Muskateller.= _P. avium._ =1.= Krünitz _Enc._ 51, 52, 53. 1790. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 398-402. 1819.

_Cerise de Prague tardive._ =3.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36, 42. 1771.

_Muscat de Prague._ =4.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 54. 1831.

The cherry, introduced into Germany from Holland about 1785 under the name Prager Muskateller, was undoubtedly the variety mentioned by Knoop in 1771, as Cerise de Prague Tardive. With this variety three other sorts were confused; the Cerise Blanche, Cerise Guigne, and the Grosse Ungarische Kirsche, but when fruit was obtained from all, separation was comparatively easy. Tree very productive; fruit large, globular; suture a line; stem rather thick, of medium length; cavity narrow, shallow; skin thin, brownish-red changing to black; flesh tender, melting, juicy, light red, sweet, wine-like; stone oval or roundish; ripens the middle of July.

=Précoce de Marest.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 28. 1876.

Of doubtful value according to the reference.

=Précoce de Sabaret.= Species? =1.= _Gard. Chron._ 1068. 1861. =2.= _Rev. Hort._ 335. 1870.

There seem to be several strains of this cherry; it is one of the earliest cultivated sorts in France, ripening at the beginning of June and lasting a month.

=President.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 212. 1854. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 471. 1869.

President is another of Professor J. P. Kirtland's cherries raised in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1842. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit medium to large, regular, cordate, slightly compressed; stem stout, slender; suture indistinct; skin red, slightly mottled with yellow; flesh yellowish-white, half-tender, juicy, sweet; good; pit medium in size; ripens from the middle to the last of June.

=Pride of Washington.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Wash. Hort. Assoc. Rpt._ 95. 1905.

This variety is a seedling of the Late Duke grown by J. F. Strong, Spokane, Washington. The tree is more productive and less disposed to seaming of limbs where connecting with the body than its parent and its fruit is also larger, earlier and of better quality.

=Priesche Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:162. 1882.

Listed but not described.

=Prince.= Species? =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36. 1771.

Listed but not described by Knoop.

=Prince Black Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 471. 1869.

This variety was originated by William R. Prince, Flushing, New York. Tree vigorous, upright-spreading; fruit medium to large, cordate, slightly compressed; suture small; flesh purplish, rather tender, juicy, sweet; good to very good; ripens the last of June.

=Prince Duke.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 29. 1828. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:136. 1832.

Prince Duke was raised by William Prince, Flushing, New York, from a seed of Carnation which it resembles in tree-characters and in time of ripening. The fruit is red, more compressed than the parent and possesses the peculiar bitterness of Carnation before it is full ripe.

=Prince Englebert.= Species? =1.= _Okla. Sta. Bul._ =2=:13. 1892.

Listed as grown at the Oklahoma Station.

=Prince Royal.= Species? =1.= Rea _Flora_ 205. 1676.

According to Rea, this is a large, late ripe cherry, good to preserve.

=Princess.= _P. avium._ =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36. 1771. =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:302. 1866. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:75, 76, fig. 38. 1882.

_Prinzesskirsche._ =4.= Christ _Wörterb._ 279. 1802. =5.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 261, 262. 1819.

This is a variegated Heart originating in Germany. Tree of moderate vigor; fruit medium to large, cordate, sides compressed; apex acutely pointed; suture indistinct; stem very long; color yellow overlaid with red; flesh tender, juicy, bitterish at first; stone oval; ripens the fourth week of the season.

=Prinzenkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 289. 1802.

_Grosse schwarze Glanzkirsche_ incor. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 577-580. 1819.

A Morello cherry of German origin. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture indistinct; cavity shallow; skin tough, firm, glossy, black; flesh firm, fibrous, dark red, subacid; pit adherent, almost cordate; ripens at the end of July.

=Prödlitzer Elitekirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Obstzüchter_ =8=:Pl. 1910. =2.= _Ibid._ =8=:51, 52. 1910.

This cherry originated on the estate of Hugo Graf Kálnokyschen in Prodek, Moravia, Austria. Trees upright when young; fruit large to very large, blackish-brown, obtuse-cordate; suture distinct; stem long, slender; flesh dark, sweet with a touch of sourness; ripens in July.

=Progress.= _P. pumila._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 353. 1896.

A seedling of _Prunus pumila_ raised by the Manitoba Station.

=Proskauer Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 57. 1907.

A dark, hard-fleshed cherry mentioned in this reference.

=Proudfoot.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 212. 1854.

This variety was grown by D. Proudfoot, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree vigorous, spreading, moderately productive; fruit large, cordate, flattened at the base; skin dark purplish-red; cavity open; flesh yellowish, firm, juicy, sweet; pit large; season the middle of July.

=Puhlmann Frühe.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 373. 1889. =2.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 57. 1907.

Listed as an early black Heart.

=Punktirte Marmorkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:42. 1858.

_Punctirte Süsskirsche mit festem Fleische._ =2.= Christ _Wörterb._ 281. 1802. =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 333-336. 1819.

_Bigarreau Ponctué._ =4.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:81, 82, fig. 39. 1866-73.

_Punktirte Knorpelkirsche._ =5.= _Ill. Handb._ 57 fig., 58. 1867.

Tree vigorous, upright; fruit roundish-cordate, large; suture deep; stem long, adhering to the stone; cavity deep; color yellowish-white overspread with clear red; flesh rather tender but firm, fibrous, translucent, sweet; pit round, often rather large; ripens at the end of July.

=Punktirte Molkenkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:29. 1858.

Tree very large, branches long; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; suture indistinct; color yellow more or less overspread with red; flesh sweet; stone small, cordate; ripens early in July.

=Purity (I).= _P. avium._ =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 289. 1889. =2.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =177=:31. 1899.

Purity (I) is a seedling of Elton which originated with W. H. Chapman, Napa, California, and was propagated by Leonard Coates of that place. Tree upright-spreading, fairly vigorous; fruit heart-shaped, compressed; suture broad, rather indistinct; stem long, slender; cavity broad, shallow; skin amber, shaded and mottled with bright red, waxy, transparent, thin; flesh rich, sweet, tender, juicy, melting; very good; season early; rather too tender for market.

=Purity (II).= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Ont. Dept. Agr. _Fr. Ont._ 101. 1914.

This is a productive cherry of the Morello class which resembles Dyehouse and ripens a little earlier than Early Richmond. Tree moderately vigorous, healthy, bears early; fruit of medium size, roundish; stem long; cavity deep; apex noticeably depressed; skin very dark red; flesh yellowish, tender, very juicy, pleasant subacid; quality good; season late June to early July.

=Quaker.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 262. 1892.

Quaker originated with C. E. Hoskins, Newberg, Oregon. Fruit of medium size, heart-shaped, dark red, almost black; dots numerous; flesh firm, dark purple, sprightly, sweet; quality very good; season early July.

=Rainier French.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 55. 1831.

Listed without a description.

=Red Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Knoop Fructologie_ =2=:35, 38. 1771. =3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 219. 1854.

_Bigarreau à Gros Fruit Rouge._ =4.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:163-165, Pl. II. 1768. =5.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 308. 1819. =6.= _Pom. France_ =7=:No. 7, Pl. 7. 1871.

_Purpurrothe Knorpelkirsche._ =7.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 340, 683, 684. 1819. _Large Red Bigarreau._ =8.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 273. 1832. =9.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:127. 1832. =10.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:104, 105 fig., 106, 301. 1866.

Red Bigarreau is probably an old French variety. Fruit very large, roundish-cordate, irregular, swollen on one side; suture distinct; stem slender, long, set in a deep, wide cavity; color glossy, tough, dark red; flesh firm, sweet, rose-colored especially near the pit, juicy; pit small, oval, adherent along the suture; ripens in July.

=Red Canada.= Species? =1.= _Ariz. Sta. Bul._ =15=:72. 1895.

Listed without a description.

=Red Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36. 1771. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:112. 1832.

Fruit more oblong than the Early Guigne and somewhat larger; skin entirely red; flesh soft but not high in quality; ripens in June.

=Red Jacket.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 202 fig. 1854. =2.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 148, Pl. 13 fig. 1. 1864. =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 19, 204. 1876.

Red Jacket was raised in 1842 by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, from a pit of Yellow Spanish, crossed with Black Tartarian, Black Mazzard, or May Duke. It was formerly grown commercially in this country and Europe because of its productiveness and quality. Tree very vigorous, upright-spreading, hardy, very productive; fruit large, long, obtuse-cordate; stem rather long, slender; skin thin, pale red becoming rather bright red; flesh yellowish-white, half-tender, juicy, pleasant, somewhat astringent until fully ripe when it becomes sweet; good in quality; stone medium in size; ripens in late mid-season.

=Red Muscatel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 330. 1885. =2.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 329. 1888.

A variety from North Silesia where it is said to be commonly grown; fruit large, of good quality.

=Red Oranien.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 329. 1888. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =19=:551. 1892.

This name has been given by some writers as a synonym of Carnation but Red Oranien as introduced into America from Russia appears to be distinct and is probably another of the Duke hybrids. Tree productive; fruit large, dark red, mildly subacid.

=Red Rock.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 434. 1905.

Fruit of the Morello type, round; stem long, inserted in a noticeable cavity; skin clear red; flesh reddish-yellow with colored juice, mild but pleasantly acid, refreshing; ripens late in July.

=Red Russian.= Species? =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 237. 1841.

The original name of this variety was lost in importing it from Russia to Brooklyn, New York, about 1800. Fruit large, dark red, good; productive; ripens in August.

=Reichart.= Species? =1.= _Pa. Fr. Gr. Soc. Rpt._ 11. 1881.

Recommended as valuable in Pennsylvania.

=Reine-Hortense Hâtive.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 28. 1876.

A seedling of Reine Hortense introduced in 1873. It resembles the parent in many respects, differing, however, in earlier ripening and in having red flesh.

=Remington.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing Fr. _Trees Am._ 188. 1845. _Remington Heart_ =2.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 30. 1828. =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 55. 1831. =4.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:117, 118. 1832.

Remington originated in 1823 from a pit planted by Zachariah Allen, Providence, Rhode Island. Its only merit is lateness, not ripening until August; fruit small, cordate, yellow, tinged with red; flesh firm; bears abundantly.

=Rentz Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mo. Bd. Agr. Rpt._ 243. 1878.

Mentioned as succeeding fairly well in Missouri.

=Resacks Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 373. 1889.

Listed without a description.

=Richardson.= _P. avium._ =1.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 238. 1849. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 212. 1854.

Originated in the garden of J. R. Richardson, Boston, Massachusetts. Tree upright, hardy, productive; fruit large, heart-shaped, rather short, tapering to a point; stem short, slender; skin dark red, inclining to black; flesh deep red, half-tender, rich, luscious, sweet; ripens the last of June to July.

=Richardson Late Black.= Species? =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:285. 1842.

Originated in the garden of Dr. William P. Richardson, Salem, Massachusetts. A small, round, black cherry, ripening late in July; very juicy and productive.

=Richter Sämling.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 373. 1889.

Listed but not described.

=Riga No. 108.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =16=:99. 1891.

Listed among the Russian fruits growing at the Texas Station.

=Riga No. 109.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Kan. Sta. Bul._ =73=:189. 1897.

Received from Professor J. L. Budd in 1890. Tree upright, unproductive; fruit borne singly, large; stem short; color dark red; flesh and juice colored, pleasant, but lacking in quality; ripens the middle of June.

=Rival.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =7=:248. 1865. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 69, 90. 1866. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 373. 1889.

_Bigarreau Rival._ =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:236, 237 fig. 1877.

This cherry probably came from M. Rival, Saint-Genis-Laval, Rhône, France. Fruit of medium size, borne in clusters, never less than four in a cluster, obtuse-cordate, flattened on one side; suture a colored line; apex shallow, eccentric; stem long, slender; cavity shallow; skin moderately firm, yellow, mottled with red becoming darker, nearly black when mature; ripens the last of July to August.

=Rivers Early Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 177. 1845. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 204. 1846.

A seedling raised by Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England, which he says originated about the same time as his Early Amber. The fruit is of the Heart class, medium in size and season.

=Roberts Red Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:285. 1842. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 176. 1845. =3.= _Horticulturist_ =5=:76 fig. 1850. =4.= _Ibid._ =6=:21 fig. 1851. =5.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:119, 120, fig. 58. 1866-73.

This variety originated with David Roberts, Salem, Massachusetts, and was first brought to notice by Robert Manning. Fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate, slightly obtuse; suture distinct; stem long, slender, set in a moderate cavity; skin pale amber overspread with pale red, mottled with deeper red and pale amber specks; flesh white, tender, juicy, sweet, sprightly; season at the end of July.

=Rochaline.= _P. avium_ =1.= Leonard Coates _Cat._ 10. 1911.

Rochaline, a seedling of Napoleon, is no longer propagated, being inferior to its parent.

=Rock.= Species? =1.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ 1539. 1688. =2.= Miller _Gard. Dict._ =1=:1754.

Mentioned as a perfumed cherry.

=Rockland.= Species? =1.= _Mass. (Hatch) Sta. An. Rpt._ =1=:33. 1889.

Mentioned as growing at the Massachusetts Station.

=Rocky Hill Honey Heart.= _P. avium_ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:424. 1847.

A variety originating near Wethersfield, Connecticut, late in the Eighteenth Century.

=Rocky Mountain.= _P. besseyi._ =1.= _Country Gent._ =26=:238. 1865. =2.= _Rural N. Y._ =52=:138, 330, fig. 46. 1893. =3.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =70=:261, Pl. 1 fig. =2.= 1894. =4.= Storrs & Harrison _Cat._ 136 fig. 1896. =5.= _Wis. Sta. An. Rpt._ =13=:229, 230. 1896.

Rocky Mountain, a variety of Prunus besseyi, is a native of the mountains of Colorado having been discovered there many years ago. It is chiefly used as a dwarf ornamental, being adapted to a great variety of soils. Tree small, bushy, averaging about four feet high, very hardy and productive; fruit ripens after all other cherries are gone, small, variable in shape, from roundish to nearly oblong; color almost jet black; flavor sweet with some astringency but edible when fully mature.

=Roe.= _P. avium_ =1.= _Better Fruit_ =5=:No. =11=:49. 1911.

Roe is a seedling from Yamhill County, Oregon, being introduced by the Oregon Nursery Company, Salem, Oregon; it is said to resemble Napoleon but is much firmer and later.

=Romaine.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 26. 1876.

A variety of doubtful value; ripens in July.

=Ronald.= Species? =1.= Bunyard-Thomas _Fr. Gard._ 44. 1904.

According to the reference, this is a valuable late variety. Tree small, compact; fruit very large, bright red, transparent; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy.

=Röschers Kirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 1 fig., =2.= 1867. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:9, 10, fig. =5.= 1882.

A chance seedling found by a peasant, Röschers, near Heidelberg, Baden, Germany. Fruit medium, oblate-cordate; sides compressed, angular; stem long; cavity wide, deep; skin tough, black; flesh dark red, juicy, vinous; pit small, oval; ripens very early.

=Rose Charmeux.= Species? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 75. 1883.

A Polish variety introduced by Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa; fruit large, red, delicate, watery and mild-flavored.

=Rosenobel.= _P. avium_ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 280, 678. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde =3=:27. 1858.

An old German variety fruiting for the first time in 1815. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, yellow, streaked with red around the cavity; stem long; flesh white, tender, sweet; stone oval; ripens the last of June.

=Rostraver Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =28=:240, 241. 1886.

This variety was introduced in 1887, by the originators, John R. and A. Murdoch, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. The trees, as grown on the Station grounds, are vigorous, moderately spreading; fruit large, blunt heart-shaped; suture indistinct; stem long, set in a large, deep cavity; skin thin, tough, rich yellow, mottled with red, similar to Napoleon; flesh meaty, firm, white, sweet, moderately juicy; season the middle of July.

=Rothe Glanzkirsche.= Species? =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 490-492, 689. 1819.

Fruit of medium size, roundish-oblate; suture distinct; stem slender, of medium length, set in a shallow cavity; color clear red mixed with darker red, glossy; flesh tender, white, fibrous; excellent; stone large, oval, smooth; ripens from the end of June to the middle of July.

=Rothe Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Krünitz _Enc._ 58, 59. 1790. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 437, 438, 439. 1819.

_Herzförmige Süssweichsel._ =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:48. 1858.

Fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate; suture indistinct; skin clear red changing to darker red, thin, tough; stem medium in length, set in a deep, narrow cavity; flesh tender, red near the stone, fibrous, vinous; stone broadly oblong, clinging to the flesh; ripens at the beginning of July.

=Rothe Maiknorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 286, 287. 1819.

Fruit medium in size, roundish-cordate, compressed on both sides; suture distinct; stem rather long; cavity shallow; color wholly red on a yellow ground; flesh yellowish-white, rather tender, pleasing; excellent; stone large, cordate, plump; ripens at the beginning of June.

=Rothe Molkenkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 667. 1797. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 229-233. 1819.

_Cerise de petit-lait rouge._ =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:302. 1866.

Christ grew this variety from seed at Kronberg, Prussia, Germany. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, flattened at the ends and sides; ventral suture distinct; stem rather long; cavity shallow; skin thin, glossy, overspread with light red, darker in the sun; flesh tender, light yellow, juicy, bitter before ripe, sweet when mature; stone roundish, free, tinged with red along the suture; ripens with Black Tartarian.

=Rothe Soodkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 294. 1802.

_Soodamarelle._ =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 632-634. 1819. =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27, 206. 1876.

The fruit is borne in twos and threes, below medium in size, roundish, compressed on one side; apex shallow; stem long; color dull blood red, lighter near the suture; flesh melting, dull yellow; juice reddish, abundant, tart; stone small, broad, free.

=Rouaanse Kirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 340. 1819.

A Heart cherry, clear, light red spotted with red in color; flesh firm.

=Rouge Pâle Tardive.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 55. 1831.

Listed without a description.

=Rouge des Vosges.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:107, 108, fig. 52. 1866-73. =2.= _Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom._ 100 fig., 101. 1904.

Cultivated in the region of Fougerolle, Haute-Saône, France, as the Noire des Vosges and largely used in the manufacture of a liqueur. Fruit usually borne in pairs, large, elongated-cordate; suture distinct; stem long; cavity of medium size; skin glossy, dark red; flesh yellowish, tender, sprightly; stone small, roundish, with a small point at the apex; ripens the last half of July.

=Round Sweet.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:61. 1900.

Mentioned in this reference.

=Royal American.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:62. 1900.

Tree strong in growth; fruit large; skin light red becoming darker in the sun; flesh yellowish-white, firm, juicy, agreeable; ripens in July.

=Royal Hâtif.= _P. avium._ =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:505. 1860.

Tree very productive, of medium size; fruit large, compressed at the apex and base; stem green, short, often with stipules; flavor sweet; very good; ripens at the end of May.

=Rumsey.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:122. 1900.

_Rumsey's Late Morello._ =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 199 fig. 1845.

This very late cherry was grown by Dr. J. S. Rumsey, Fishkill Landing, New York, about 1835. Fruit usually borne in pairs, large, roundish-cordate; suture distinct; stem long; cavity narrow, deep; skin glossy, a rich, lively red; flesh juicy, melting, acid; stone long; ripens from the first part of August until frosts.

=Runde Marmorirte Süsskirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 280. 1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 336, 683. 1819. =3.= Oberdieck _Obst-Sort._ 382. 1881. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 375. 1889.

_Weiss und hellroth geflekte grosse Kramelkirsche._ 5. Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:3, Tab. 6 fig. =1.= 1792.

Runde Marmorirte Süsskirsche is one of the varieties which has been confused with Napoleon and Yellow Spanish. Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate, slightly compressed; suture shallow; stem long; cavity shallow, wide, depressed on the ventral side; skin yellow, streaked, dotted and overlaid with red--the amount depending on the exposure to the sun; flesh whitish-yellow, medium firm, juicy, very sweet, sprightly, excellent; stone ovate to oval; matures usually with Napoleon.

=Rupert.= _P. pumila × P.?_ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 435. 1901.

Mentioned in this reference as being a cross between the _Prunus pumila_, the Sand Cherry, and a plum.

=Rupp.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 40, Pl. 3. 1895. =2.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =187=:62. 1901.

Rupp is supposed to have originated with Solomon Rupp, York County, Pennsylvania. It was sent to several Experiment Stations for testing by the United States Department of Agriculture. As grown at the Michigan and Geneva Stations it cannot be distinguished from Reine Hortense and we are inclined to believe that the old variety has been overshadowed by a new name.

=Russian Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Ont. Dept. Agr. _Fr. Ont._ 103. 1914. _Russian_ 207. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 76. 1890.

Tree upright, vigorous; fruit above medium in size, round, flattened at the base; stem long; skin bright red; juicy; fair quality; ripens the first of August.

=Russian Seedlings Nos. 8, 42, 49, 54, 109, 128, 169, 199.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:80, 81. 1903.

These seedlings were grown at the Iowa Experiment Station from selected seeds of Russian varieties. They show every variation from a low, compact, spreading tree to a tall, conical one, while the fruit varies in season from early June to late July.

=Russie à Fruit Blanc.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 55. 1831.

Listed without a description.

=Ryley Black Tartarian.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 55. 1831.

Listed in the reference given.

=Sächsische Frühe Maikirsche.= Species? =1.= Christ _Handb._ 683. 1797.

Listed without a description.

=Sacramento.= Species? =1.= _Green River Nur. Cat._ 23. 1899.

This is a productive variety, resembling May Duke, found near Sacramento, Kentucky.

=Saint-Laurent.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:162. 1882.

Listed without a description.

=Sansoto.= _P. pumila × P. americana._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =130=:184, Pl. 10, Pl. 11, 185. 1911.

Sansoto is a cross from the South Dakota Experiment Station between the Sand Cherry and the De Soto plum. In growth the tree resembles that of the plum but the fruit in looks and flavor is more like the Sand Cherry, Fruit is round, about three-eighths inch in diameter; skin black with a bluish bloom, thin, free from acerbity; flesh yellowish-green, sprightly; pit clinging.

=Sapa.= _P. pumila × P. triflora._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =108=:Pl. 9. 1908. =2.= _Ibid._ =130=:176, 177 Pl. 7, 178. 1911.

Sapa, a cross between the Sand Cherry and the Occident plum, was introduced in 1908 by the South Dakota Station. Tree plum-like in habit; fruit-buds numerous; fruit about one and three-eighths inches in diameter; skin glossy, dark purple; flesh rich, dark purple; season extremely early.

=Sappington.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 22. 1892-93. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:282. 1903.

Grown about St. Louis, Missouri, where it originated. The tree resembles Mazzard in growth, vigor and productiveness; fruit sweet; early.

=Sauerjotte.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.

Listed as a variety of doubtful value.

=Saure Herzkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Obstbäume_ 161. 1791.

Described as a black, Sour Cherry of the first rank, with tender flesh and excellent juice.

=Sauvigny Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 91 fig., 92. 1860.

_Bigarreau de Sauvigny._ =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:302. 1866.

_Dure de Sauvigny._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.

Fruit large, elongated, obtuse-cordate, compressed more strongly upon the side showing a suture; stem variable, usually of medium length; cavity narrow, deep; skin glossy, dark brownish-red, mottled with lighter red; flesh very firm, dark red, juicy; quality very good; pit small, oval, acutely-pointed at the apex, free; ripens in late July.

=Scharlachkirsche.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 669. 1797.

This variety is supposed by some to be May Duke. Usually borne in twos and threes; fruit medium in size; stem above medium in length, slender; suture indistinct; ripens the latter part of June.

=Schleihahn Sweet.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Press Bul._ =28=:1911.

_Bigarreau de Schleihahn._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 190. 1876.

A variety of German origin, introduced into Iowa about 1892 and described as a desirable variety for that State by the Iowa Agricultural College. It follows Early Richmond and has a long season. Tree productive, hardy for a sweet variety; fruit of medium size, cordate, sides flattened; stem long, slender, set in a rather deep, wide cavity; skin firm, glossy, surface often pitted; dots numerous, obscure; suture often lacking; color bright deep red, becoming dark red or black; flesh dark red, very firm, moderately juicy, sweet; good; pit above medium in size, pointed, oval, turgid, nearly free; season at Ames, Iowa, from June 20th to July 1st.

=Schlössers Schattenmorelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Reut. Pom. Inst. Festschrift_ 123. 1910. =2.= _Pom. Inst. Reut._ 31. 1911-12.

Tree vigorous; fruit large, round, dark brownish-red, similar to the Brusseler Braune but larger; sour.

=Schmehls.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 549. 1901.

Tree vigorous; fruit large obtuse-cordate; skin mottled with yellow and pale red; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, pleasing; ripens the middle of July.

=Schmidt Bigarreau No. 2.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:62. 1900.

Tree vigorous; fruit large, nearly round; skin dark red; flesh red, firm, juicy, sweet; season late June.

=Schmidt Frühe Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Lauche _Ergänzungsband_ 603. 1883.

F. Schmidt, Potsdam, Prussia, Germany, grew this variety. Tree fruitful and succeeds in all soils; fruit large, abruptly cordate; suture indistinct; stem medium in length; cavity wide, deep; color glossy dark brown changing to black; flesh firm, juicy, sweet; good; stone medium, roundish; early.

=Schneeberger Kirsche.= Species? =1.= _Obstzüchter_ =8=:52. 1910.

This is a market cherry grown about Vienna, Austria, ripening about the middle of July and lasting for a month. Some fruits are round, others cordate, depending on the altitude in which it is grown; stem slender; color black; flesh moderately firm, adhering to the pit.

=Schneider Frühe Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 376. 1889.

_Guigne-hâtive de Schneider._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18, 198. 1876.

Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, cordate, truncate; skin a brilliant brownish-black; flesh firm; of first quality; matures early in June.

=Schneider Späte Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Oberdieck _Obst-Sort._ 370, 371. 1881. =2.= Lauche _Deut. Pom._ =III=:No. 8, Pl. 1882.

Origin, Guben, Prussia, Germany. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit very large, oval, often cordate, sides compressed; suture indistinct; stem long, inserted in a wide, deep cavity; skin glossy, cherry-red changing to dark brown, with numerous flecks; flesh firm, yellowish, sweet, with slightly colored juice; stone elongated-ovate, large, plump; late.

=Schöne von Brügge.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 376. 1889.

_Belle Brugeoise Saint-Pierre._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.

Listed but not described in the reference given.

=Schöne von Marienhohe.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 57 fig., 58. 1860. =2.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 57. 1907.

_Belle glorie de Marie._ =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:300. 1866.

_Belle de Marienhöhe._ =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 19, 187. 1876.

_Beauty of Marienhohe._ =5.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 549. 1901.

This old variety originated in 1836 from pits planted in the Royal nursery of Marienhöhe near Weimar, Saxe-Weimar, Germany. Trees strong, healthy and productive; fruit medium in size, heart-shaped, often variable; sides plump; cavity noticeable; apex a small yellowish-brown point in a slight depression; stem slender, green; skin thin, glossy, reddish-black; flesh and juice dark red, tender, sweet; quality very good; pit egg-shaped, smooth without a point, turgid; ripens the first of July.

=Schröcks Späte Bunte Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:43. 1858.

Fruit large, elongated-cordate, compressed, often uneven; suture noticeable; stem long, slender; skin dark red, variegated; flesh firm, vinous, sweet; stone elongated-cordate, adherent; ripens at the end of July.

=Schwarze Forellenkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Krünitz _Enc._ 70, 7=1.= 1790. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 593, 594. 1819.

Tree productive, not large; fruit large, roundish, slightly flattened; stem very long, set in a cavity of medium size; skin glossy, dark brownish-black becoming almost black; flesh very red, melting, juicy, sour; stone reddish, one-half inch long; ripens early in August.

=Schwarze Maiweichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 285. 1802. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:58. 1858.

_Schwarze Maikirsche._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 498, 499, 500. 1819.

This variety differs from other Morellos in its very short stem. Tree small, not productive; fruit usually small, roundish, flattened; suture indistinct; stem short; color black when ripe; flesh dark red, juice lighter, sour, becoming aromatic on hanging; stone very small, round; ripens the middle of June.

=Schwarze Muskateller.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 67=1.= 1797. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 419, 420, 42=1.= 1819.

Fruit round, somewhat flattened on one side; stem short; skin and flesh dark red; flesh soft, juicy, mingled with a slight sourness; ripens the latter part of July.

=Schwarze Oranienkirsche.= Species? =1.= Krünitz _Enc._ 56. 1790. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 43=2.= 1819. _Schwarze Malvasierkirsche._ =3.= Ibid. 433, 434. 1819.

Fruit large, pitch-black, aromatic; from Holland.

=Schwarze Soodkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 286. 1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 556, 557. 1819.

Branches slender, drooping; fruit of medium size, oblate, sides flattened; stem slender; cavity shallow; suture a fine line; color almost black; flesh tender, slightly fibrous, dark red at the stone, juicy, pleasingly subacid; stone small, roundish; season the middle of July.

=Schwarzbraune Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 198, 199, 200, 675. 1819.

Of German origin and first mentioned in 1797. Fruit moderately large, uneven, flattened at the base and sides; stem slender, rather long, deeply inserted; skin brownish-red approaching black, tough, leather-like; flesh firm, sweet, with violet juice when ripe; ripens early in August.

=Schwarzes Taubenherz.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 147, 148. 1819.

This variety is peculiar in that its stem is green and its fruit has a deep suture on the compressed side; skin very dark brown; flesh tender, soft, bitter, sweet when fully ripe but insipid; ripens early in July.

=Sebril.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =152=:192. 1898.

Listed as a Sweet Cherry.

=Seckbacher.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 167-174. 1819. =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 475 fig., 476. 1861.

_Späte Maikirsche._ =3.= Christ _Handb._ 660. 1797.

_Seckbacher Knorpelkirsche._ =4.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:34. 1858.

_Cerise de Seckbach._ =5.= Mas. _Pom. Gen._ =11=:55, 56, fig. 28. 1882.

This variety probably originated in Prussia, Germany. Fruit small, round or cordate, compressed, with a faint suture; stem long, shallowly inserted; color glossy, black, lighter along the suture; flesh dark red, firm, juicy, aromatic, piquant; stone large; ripens the middle of June.

=Seederberger.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Col. O. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 31. 1892.

Listed as a sweet variety from Virginia and said to resemble Yellow Spanish but the fruit is larger and the tree more vigorous.

=Select Beauty.= Species? =1.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 30. 1828.

A large, red, well-flavored cherry with a long stem; not very productive; ripens in July.

=Shadow Amarelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 326. 1888. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:82 fig. 1903.

=Frühe Schattenmorelle.= =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:64. 1858.

_Schatten Amarelle._ =4.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 75. 1883. =5.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 329. 1885. =6=. _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:126. 1900.

_Shadow Morello._ =7.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 78. 1890. =8.= Lucas _Handb. Obst._ 3rd Ed. 122. 1893.

Professor J. L. Budd of Ames, Iowa, in 1893, imported this variety from south-central Asia. It is very similar to the Brusseler Braune and Lucas gives it as the same. Whether or not they are identical we cannot determine, as the variety is not grown on the Station grounds. The name Schatten is derived from the mirror-like reflection of the glossy skin when exposed to the sun. From the description it seems to differ from the Brusseler Braune in being smaller in size, not so globular, nor as dark in color, a few days earlier, and the tree is more spreading in growth.

=Shailer.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ =55.= 1831. A yellowish-red, hard-fleshed Heart cherry of inferior quality; ripens in July.

=Shannon.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Elliott Fr. Book 202, 203. 1854. =2.= Mag. Hort. =19=:167, 168. 1853.

_Shannon Morello._ =3.= _Hogg Fruit Man._ 70, 91. 1866.

_Gov. Shannon._ =4.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 33. 1873.

Shannon was raised by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, 1829, and described in 1849, being named after Wilson Shannon, once Governor of Ohio. It sprung from a Morello tree standing near a Carnation cherry tree and bears fruit of the Morello type. Tree very hardy; fruit above medium in size, globular, flattened at the base; stem long, slender; cavity open; flesh tender, reddish-purple, juicy, acid; pit small.

=Shelton.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Milton Cat._ 10. 1911.

Shelton is a seedling of Napoleon grown by Judge William Shelton of Walla Walla, Washington. Tree hardy, vigorous, upright; fruit smaller than Napoleon; skin pale yellow with a red cheek; flesh sweet, tender, juicy; ripens two weeks before Napoleon.

=Short-stem May.= Species? =1.= _Continental Plant Cat._ 22. 1914.

Merely listed as an old, well-known, productive cherry.

=Shubianka.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 327. 1888. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:83. 1903.

Shubianka is an inferior small-fruited cherry of the Vladimir family imported from Russia in 1883 by Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa. Tree dwarf, round-topped; fruit small, round; stem long, slender; cavity broad, shallow; skin tough, thick, deep red; flesh firm, juicy, colored, sprightly, astringent with a bitter after-taste; stone round, rather large; season at the end of June; worthless.

=Sibrel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Greening Bros. Cat._ 74 fig. 1899.

Sibrel is of the Morello type and originated at Bettsville, Ohio; distinguished for its productiveness, lateness, size and quality.

=Silver Thorne.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:83. 1903.

Silver Thorne is supposed to have originated in Muscatine County, Iowa, about sixty years ago. It resembles Early Richmond in tree and fruit but the cherries have firmer flesh and are less acid.

=Skublics Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 59. 1907.

Mentioned in the reference given.

=Sleinhaus.= Species? =1.= Mas. _Pom. Gen._ =11=:16_2._ 1882.

Listed without a description.

=Small Black Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:112. 1832.

This cherry differs from Black Guigne in being shorter and inferior in quality.

=Small Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thacher _Am. Orch._ 217. 1822.

A cherry from Salem County, New Jersey; the fruit has a lively acid taste.

=Smidt Yellow.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 669. 1897.

A good, early, prolific, southern variety. Fruit medium in size, yellow, mottled with red.

=Socsany.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 41. 1895.

Socsany was received from Hungary by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1893 and was sent to C. E. Hoskins, Springbrook, Oregon, for testing. Fruit small, smooth, cordate; suture shallow; stem long, slender; cavity medium in size, irregular, flaring; skin thick, tenacious, yellow, well covered with red, with numerous, subcutaneous, oblong dots; flesh yellowish, translucent, meaty, with whitish veins, juicy, sweet, aromatic; stone large, oval, clinging; very good; season the first of July.

=Soft-stone Cherry.= Species? =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:145. 1832.

_Soft Sheld._ =2.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 574. 1629.

_Cerise à Noyau tendre._ =3.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:174, 175. 1768.

Many writers mention a seedless cherry but Duhamel doubts its existence. He does, however, describe one with a tender, ligneous pit that is easily broken by the fingers. The fruit is round, almost an inch in diameter and very good.

=Souths Breite Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 164. 1819. =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25. 1876.

A large, black, glossy Heart cherry.