Chapter V: The Minor Varieties of Cherries (2)

This is a local variety recommended by John Weitzel, Bethesda, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Fruit medium to large, dark red; ripens the middle of June.

=Boppard.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 415. 1899.

_Boppard's Early._ =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:58. 1900.

_Bopparder Frühkirsche._ =3.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 55. 1907.

Tree vigorous; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; skin glossy, dark red; flesh red, firm, juicy, sweet.

=Boquet Morello.= P. _cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 78. 1890.

_Amarelle Boquet._ =2.= _Ibid._ 331. 1885. =3.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:110. 1900.

This is one of Budd's importations of 1883, according to the third reference. It is often confused with the Boquet Amarelle of the French. The fruit resembles Early Richmond in size, shape, season and color, differing only in its flesh being more firm, its pit smaller, and the tree less productive; of no value commercially.

=Boreatton.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 47. 1831. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 215. 1854.

A small, roundish-cordate, nearly black Sweet Cherry, with half-tender flesh; poor quality; ripens in mid-July.

=Boughton Early Black Duke.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 47. 1831.

Mentioned in the reference given.

=Boulebonner Kirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 47 fig., 48. 1867.

_Bigarreau Hâtif Boulbon._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:103, 104, fig. 52. 1882.

This cherry was introduced into Belgium from France some years previous to 1867. Tree not vigorous, but productive; fruit large, broadly cordate, variable in size and form, sides compressed; suture distinct, deepest near the cavity; apex slightly depressed; stem slender, usually long, set in a wide, shallow cavity; skin a glossy, rose-red color with a yellowish tinge, dotted and streaked with clear blood-red and washed with dark purplish-red; flesh yellowish-white, reddish-white under the skin, firm, juicy, rich, pleasing; stone large, oval, somewhat flattened, with a short point; partially clinging; ripens the last of June and, according to Oberdieck, hangs during wet seasons without cracking.

=Bount Dantzic.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 47. 1831.

Mentioned in the reference given.

=Bouquet-Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:23. 1858. =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 7 fig., 8. 1867.

The tree of this variety has the growth of a Sweet Cherry with small, black, Heart fruits borne like the cluster cherries, one, two, three and four on the stem. The single fruits are roundish-cordate, with flattened ends while the double and triple fruits are more narrow and elongated; the fruit matures unevenly, having green, red and black fruits at the same time; pit roundish-oval, slightly pointed at the base, somewhat larger in the double fruits.

=Bouquetweichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 291. 1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 519, 520, 521. 1819.

This cherry was received by Truchsess in 1796 from Mayer under the name Bouquet-kirsche. Many of the flowers have six, seven, eight, and occasionally as high as twelve petals, with two or three pistils. Fruit usually very small, attached to a long, stiff, woody stem shallowly inserted; round, flattened beneath; suture shallow; flesh and juice reddish-black, with a bitterish-sour flavor, which it loses if allowed to remain on the tree; pit of medium size.

=Boussieuer Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 55. 1907.

A variegated Sweet Cherry.

=Bowers' Seedlings.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:64. 1903.

Three seedlings originated with John Bowers, Sigourney, Iowa. No. 1.--Fruit medium, dark red; juice colorless; quality fair. No. 2.--Tree hardy; bears regularly; fruit large, oblate, roundish; stem long, slender; skin dark red; juice colorless; fair in quality; late. No. 3.--Fruit large, red to dark red; juice slightly colored, mild subacid; of very good quality.

=Bowyer Early Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 47. 1831. =2.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 234. 1841. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:15, 16, fig. 8. 1882.

_Boyer's Early._ =4.= Hooper _W. Fr. Book_ 269. 1857. =5.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult. 665._ 1897.

_Roberts' Red._ =6.= Hooper _W. Fr. Book_ 269. 1857.

This variety probably originated in England nearly a century ago. Some writers confuse it with Early White Heart but the two are undoubtedly distinct. Tree vigorous, round-topped, hardy, productive; fruit medium in size, obtuse-cordate, slightly compressed; cavity shallow, wide; suture distinct; stem variable in length; skin of medium thickness, pale amber-yellow overspread with light red; flesh whitish, tender, juicy, sweet, sprightly, refreshing; very good in quality; stone of medium size, short-ovate, plump, blunt at the apex; season early.

=Boyd Early Black.= Species? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 138. 1881.

Mentioned in a report from Ohio as a variety of great superiority and value.

=Brandon.= _P. pumila._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 353. 1896.

A prolific seedling of _Prunus pumila_; introduced by the Manitoba Station.

=Brandywine.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Horticulturist_ N. S. =5=:492, Pl. 1855. Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 258. 1857.

John R. Brinckle, Wilmington, Delaware, produced this variety from a seed of White Bigarreau grown near May Duke. It fruited for the first time in 1851. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit above medium in size, roundish, obtuse-cordate; suture indistinct; stem long, slender; cavity shallow, small; skin yellowish, mottled and marbled with light crimson, glossy; flesh semi-transparent, tender, very juicy, sprightly, acidulous; stone rather large; season the last of June; recommended for culinary uses.

=Brant.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 191 fig. 1854. 3. Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 258. 1857.

Brant was grown by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, about the middle of the Nineteenth Century, from a pit of Yellow Spanish. Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit large, roundish-cordate, uneven, sides slightly compressed; stem medium, set in an angular cavity; skin thin, lively purplish-red changing to dark purplish; flesh dark purplish-red with indistinct white lines radiating from the center, tender, with abundant, colored juice, sweet and richly flavored; pit medium in size, roundish-oval, nearly smooth; season from the middle of June to the first of July.

=Brassington.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Call _Cat._ 5, fig. 1913.

A chance seedling found in Oceana County, Michigan. Fruit large, dark red, sprightly subacid; ripens with Early Richmond; productive.

=Braunauer Glaskirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 168. 1825.

_Braunauer Amarelle._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:72. 1858.

This variety originated about 1825. Tree large, moderately productive, with large, Sour Cherry leaves. Often classed as an Amarelle because of the resemblance in the branches. Fruit very large, round, compressed; suture distinct; stem very long, shallowly inserted; color dark red, rather cloudy; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, pleasing subacid when fully ripe; stone of medium size; ripens in August.

=Braune Soodkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 287. 1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 583, 584, 585. 1819.

Tree of medium growth; branches drooping; fruit large to very large, flattened, slightly depressed; stem long, set in a rather deep cavity; skin brownish-red; flesh dark red at the stone becoming clear red beneath the skin, tender, with abundant, red juice, pleasing subacid; stone roundish-elongated, one-half an inch long; season the last of July.

=Braune Spanische Kirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 275. 1802.

_Späte braune Spanische Herzkirsche._ =2.= Christ _Handb._ 660. 1797.

_Braune Spanische Herzkirsche._ =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:22. 1858.

This cherry differs from the black Hearts in being smaller, more compressed and sweeter, the flesh softer and more melting. Tree small, productive; fruit small, roundish, compressed on both sides; black, somewhat red on one side; ripens at the end of June.

=Braunrote Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 544, 545. 1819.

_Braune rothe Sauerkirsche._ =2.= Christ _Wörterb._ 289. 1802.

_Griotte rouge foncé._ 3. Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:306. 1866.

This variety was found in Bernburg, Prussia, Germany. It is distinguished from the other Sour Cherries ripening with it by its lingering brownish-red color, its pleasing, mild sourness, its tender flesh, and by its wood. Tree not large, making a close growth, productive; branches erect; fruit bunch-like, large, almost round, flattened at the ends, sides slightly compressed; stem long, stout, inserted in a rather wide, deep cavity; color remains brownish-red for quite a period, later becoming almost black; flesh tender, with abundant, colored juice, pleasingly sour; stone egg-shaped, almost oval; season the last of July.

=Briggs Sweet.= _P. avium._ =1.= Green-River Nur. _Cat._ 22. 1899.

Briggs Sweet was raised from seed in the garden of Dr. J. A. Briggs, South Union, Kentucky, where it has fruited for twenty years. The tree is thrifty, a regular bearer and resembles Wood in appearance of both tree and fruit but is much hardier.

=Brindilles.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 424. 1903.

This is a vigorous cherry with a low, slender habit of growth, blooming the middle of June and ripening late in August. Fruit of medium size, round, depressed or oblate; stem long, set in a narrow cavity; skin light, clear red; flesh tender, juicy, sprightly.

=Brown Best.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Brown Bros. _Cat._ 24. 1900.

Brown Best was introduced some twenty-five years ago by Brown Brothers, Rochester, New York, having been budded from an old tree. Fruit large, dark red, tender, sour, rich; quality good; very late; productive.

=Brown Seedling.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 214. 1854. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 457. 1869.

Originated in Connecticut. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit medium in size, obtuse-cordate, compressed with a line and a light suture; cavity broad; skin whitish, shaded and mottled with red; flesh half-tender, juicy, sweet; quality fair; season early July.

=Buckatzsch Weisse Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 277, 278, 677, 678. 1819.

A medium-sized cherry of fair quality from Guben, Prussia, Germany, where it first fruited in 1816.

=Buckatzsch Weisse Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 341, 685. 1819.

This is another seedling from Prussia, Germany; stem of medium length; flesh somewhat tender and light.

=Budd No. 533.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Wash. Sta. Bul._ =92=:14. 1910.

This is probably a Russian seedling sent out by Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa. Tree small, round-topped, with slender, recumbent branches; foliage scant, mostly on the tips of the branches; fruit very large, roundish heart-shaped; stem short, thick; skin tough, thin, dark, mottled red; flesh firm, yellow, slightly stained with red, astringent, subacid; quality fair; stone large, round; season the last of July.

=Buffalo.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =13=:150. 1871.

This cherry was received from Buffalo, New York, by Smiley Shepard of Hennepen, Illinois, in the "fifties." The fruit with him proved very hardy and productive and promised to become a valuable sweet variety for prairie orchards. Mr. Shepard sent cions to different localities for testing but nothing has been heard further about the variety.

=Bunte Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =19=:551. 1892. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:273. 1903.

This is not a Morello, though grown in North Silesia under this name. Tree vigorous and hardy, but a late bloomer; fruit large, cordate, reddish; flesh light-colored, juicy.

=Burbank.= _P. avium._ =1.= Burbank _Cat._ 4, 19. 1911.

_Burbank Early._ =2.= Leonard Coates _Cat._ 1911.

This is another of Burbank's cherries, trees of which have not yet fruited at the Station. Trees described as vigorous, sure croppers; foliage very large; fruit very large, attractive deep crimson; season very early. Its large leaves, it is claimed, protect the fruit from the birds and from cracking during late spring rains.

=Burchardts Schwarze Rosenobel.= _P. avium._ 1. Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 166, 167, 1819. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:91, 92, fig. 46. 1882.

This cherry was raised by the German pomologist Burchardt from a seed of Rosenobel. Fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate; stem medium in length, set in a deep, straight cavity; skin purple, changing to almost black; flesh purple, rather tender, juice slightly colored, sweet; first quality; season the first of June.

=Burghley Park.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Flor. & Pom._ 229, 230. 1870. =2.= _Gard. Chron._ 1057. 1870.

Burghley Park is a seedling, raised by R. Gilbert, Burghley Park, Stanford, England; it was placed on the list of new fruits of the Royal Horticultural Society in July, 1871. There is a question as to whether it is distinct, some believing it to be Reine Hortense. Fruit very large, usually oval, often flattened, with an obscure suture; stem long, rather slender; skin very thin, transparent, a brilliant dark red if left hanging; flesh dull yellowish-red, veined or netted, very juicy, melting, with a pleasing astringency; ripens in mid-season.

=Burr.= _P. avium._ =1.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 233. 1849. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 342. 1889.

_Semis de Burr._ =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:163, 164, fig. 80. 1866-73.

Burr originated about 1844, with Zera Burr, of Perrinton, New York. Tree vigorous, erect, round-topped, very productive, not always hardy; fruit medium to large, obtuse-cordate with a pointed apex; stem long, slender; skin thin, mottled with light and dark red; flesh whitish, rather tender, juicy, sprightly, agreeably sweet; very good in quality; stone small, irregularly ovate, short, thick; ripens in early mid-season.

=Büttner Gelbe Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 361, 362, 363. 1819. =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:129, 130 fig. 31. 1866. =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:214 fig., 215. 1877.

_Büttner's Yellow._ =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 185. 1845. =5.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 20. 1875.

_Wachsknorpelkirsche._ =6.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:44, 45. 1858.

Büttner, at Halle, Prussia, Germany, raised this cherry as a seedling and it is probably superior to any of the varieties originated by this horticulturist. It fruited for the first time about 1800 and was introduced shortly after. It was grown in America as Büttner's Yellow in the first half of the Nineteenth Century and was listed in the American Pomological Society's fruit catalog in 1875 but was dropped in 1899. Tree strong, vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate, flattened at the base; suture indistinct; stem thick, inserted in a broad, shallow cavity; skin firm, thick, pale yellow, slightly spotted with brownish-red; flesh pale yellow, firm, breaking, juicy, sweet, aromatic, with a rich, lively flavor; quality good; stone small, roundish-ovate, free; ripens early in July.

=Büttner Rothe Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 236, 237. 1819.

_Büttner's rothe Molkenkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:29. 1858.

Another seedling raised by Büttner about 1797 and later tested by Truchsess. Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit of medium size, heart-shaped, with sides somewhat compressed; stem long; skin yellowish-white mingled with clear red, sometimes dark red; flesh yellowish-white, very soft, juicy, sweet; quality fair; stone small, heart-shaped; matures the first half of July.

=Büttner Rothe Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 299, 300, 301. 1819.

_Büttner's rothe Marmorkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:43. 1858.

_Bigarreau rouge de Büttner._ =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:132. 1866. =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:240 fig., 241. 1877.

Grown from seed about 1795, by Büttner. Büttner Späte Rote, one of Büttner's seedlings is similar to this one. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, with a shallow suture; skin thick, lively red on one side and shaded with carmine on the other; flesh yellowish, firm, breaking, strongly adhering to the pit, sweet, aromatic; quality good; stone of medium size, round; matures the last of June or the first of July.

=Büttner Schwarze Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 122, 123, 124. 1819. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 204, 205. 1854. =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:64 fig., 65, 66. 1866.

_Büttner's schwarze neue Herzkirsche._ =4.= Christ _Wörterb._ 275. 1802.

_Bigarreau Noir Büttner._ =5.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:222 fig. 1877.

Still another variety obtained from seed by Büttner in 1795. With several others it was sent to Truchsess, about 1801, for testing. Tree strong, vigorous, erect, hardy, productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, compressed; suture prominent; stem of medium length, set in a deep cavity; skin firm, glossy, deep reddish-black; flesh dark red, moderately firm, juicy, sweet and pleasant; quality good; stone of medium size, roundish-oval; ripens early in July.

=Büttner Schwarze Sauerkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 601, 602, 603. 1819.

_Büttner's schwarze neue Sauerkirsche._ =2.= Christ _Wörterb._ 289. 1802.

Raised from seed by Büttner and sent to Truchsess for testing about 1797. Fruit round, of medium size, glossy, black; flesh firm, red, moderately juicy, agreeably acid; quality fair; ripens in August.

=Büttner Späte Rothe Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 329, 330, 682, 683. 1819.

_Büttner's harte Marmorkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:43. 1858.

_Bigarreau Rouge Tardif de Büttner._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:11, 12, fig. 6. 1882.

_Büttner's Late Red._ =4.= _Can. Exp. Farm. Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:59. 1900.

Another seedling raised by Büttner early in the Nineteenth Century and quite similar to Büttner Rote, except in its time of ripening, which is later. Tree of medium vigor, erect; fruit large, heart-shaped, flattened at the base, compressed at the apex; suture medium in depth; skin thick and firm, yellowish-white mingled with red, changing to dark red; flesh yellowish, firm, breaking, sweet, aromatic, with abundant, uncolored juice; quality good; stone large, oval, slightly clinging to the flesh; matures the last of July.

=Büttner Späte Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 531 fig., 532. 1861.

_Büttner's September und Octoberweichsel._ =2=. Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 609. 1819.

_Büttner's October Zucker Weichsel._ =3=. _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 47. 1831.

_Büttner's Sehrspäte._ =4.= _Ibid._ 47. 1831.

_Büttner's October Morello._ =5.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 193, 194. 1845. =6.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 74. 1862.

_Griotte Tardive de Büttner._ =7.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:95, 96, fig. 46. 1866-73.

_Bigarreau Tardif Büttner._ =8.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:245 fig., 246. 1877.

_Büttner's October._ =9.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 288. 1884.

Produced from seed about 1800, by Büttner. As one of the latest of all cherries, it was at one time considered of value for culinary purposes and for a time was grown to a limited extent in this country. The American Pomological Society placed it on its fruit catalog list in 1862 but dropped it in 1869. Tree hardy, productive; fruit often hangs to the tree till October, large, round, somewhat oblate; suture indistinct; apex depressed; stem long, slender; cavity shallow; skin thin but firm, reddish-brown, separating easily from the pulp; flesh light red, reticulated with whitish fibers, firm, breaking, juicy, sweet, rich, mingled with pleasant subacid; quality good; stone large, oval, semi-clinging; ripens the last of August and early September.

=Byrnville.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.

Listed in this reference.

=Cameleon.= Species? =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 574. 1629.

A strange cherry, changeable in color, spoken of by Parkinson because of its peculiarities. The fruit is very red in color and of good taste, but varies greatly in color, shape and arrangement. It also bears blossoms, green and ripe fruit at the same time.

=Cardinalskirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Obstbäume_ 159. 1791. =2.= Christ _Wörterb._ 284. 1802.

A cherry similar to the Doctorkirsche in both tree- and fruit-characters; fruit dark brown, with a subacid flavor.

=Carmine Stripe.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 206. 1854. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 258. 1857.

_Cerise Carminée._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:23, 24, fig. 12. 1882.

Carmine Stripe is a seedling from Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree vigorous, spreading, very productive; fruit above medium in size, heart-shaped, compressed on the sides, surface often uneven, with a suture on one side, followed by a line of carmine; stem variable; skin amber-yellow, shaded and mottled with bright, lively carmine; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, with agreeable sprightliness; pit small; season the last of June.

=Caroline.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 206. 1854.

Originated by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree upright-spreading, vigorous; fruit above medium in size, roundish-oblong, one side slightly compressed; color pale amber, mottled with clear, light red, becoming rich red in the sun; flesh tinged with pale red, translucent, tender, juicy, sweet; pit of medium size, oblong, oval; season the last of June. Delicious for dessert.

=Catskill.= Species? =1.= Chase _Cat._ 1888.

This variety, sent out by R. G. Chase, Geneva, New York, in 1888, is probably now extinct. Fruit of medium size, heart-shaped; skin light yellow, nearly covered with light carmine; stem slender, long; flesh light yellow, juicy, sprightly, mild subacid; good.

=Cerise Albanes.= Species? =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 284. 1861.

Introduced from Revel, Haute-Garonne, France. It is a fruit of first size, excellent quality, with dark green leaves, productive; fruit white with more or less yellow.

=Cerise d'Angleterre Précoce.= Species? =1.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =2=:No. 25, Pl. 1846.

According to Poiteau, this cherry, sometimes called Cerise Nouvelle d'Angleterre, was confused by Duhamel with his Cerise Guigne. Fruit small in the first stages of ripening, later becoming larger, flattened at the base and apex; color clear red changing to almost black at complete maturity.

=Cerise de l'Ardèche.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25. 1876.

_Belle grosse d'Ardèche._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.

_Schöne von Ardêche._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 376. 1889.

Distinct from other varieties in its manner of growth, according to Thomas.

=Cerise Bellon.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.

Mentioned in this reference.

=Cerise de la Besnardière.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:181. 1866. =2.= Leroy.

_Dict. Pom._ =5=:172 fig. 1877.

_Kirsche von Bénardière._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 334. 1889.

In 1841, Leroy mentioned this variety in his catalog stating that it was found in the gardens of the Baron of Besnardière. Mortillet believed it to be Carnation not being convinced of the contrary until after he had published his description of the Carnation. Tree strong, moderately productive; fruit attached singly, large, globular, compressed at the ends; suture apparent; stem of medium length, inserted in a rather wide, deep cavity; skin clear red, brilliant; flesh reddish at the surface, whitish near the center, tender, with abundant, slightly colored juice, pleasantly acidulated and sweet; first quality; stone small, round, plump; season the end of June in France.

=Cerise du Bicentenaire.= _P. avium_ X _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 284, 285, Pl. 1903.

_Bicentenaireweichsel._ =2.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 58. 1907.

This variety is supposed to be a bud variation of Royal Duke found in a garden at Lieusaint, France. The trees resemble those of Royal Duke but the fruit is superior in size and ripens from three weeks to a month later. Said to be valuable on northern exposures which increase the advantages of late maturity.

=Cerise Blanche à Petit Fruit.= _P. avium._ =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:507. 1860.

Similar to the Cerisier à Gros Fruit Blanc but smaller.

=Cerise Commune.= _P. Cerasus._ =1.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =2=:No. 11, Pl. 1846. =2.= Le Bon Jard. 346. 1882.

One of the French varieties of cherries grown in the neighborhood of Paris to supply the early market trade. Sometimes called La Grosse Cerise Commune.

=Cerise à Côtes.= _P. Cerasus._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:258, 259 fig. 1877.

This cherry is similar in tree and fruit to Large Montmorency but the fruit is traversed on both sides by a prominent suture. Fruit attached in threes, of medium size, globular, compressed at the ends; suture deep, completely encircling the fruit; stem variable in length, inserted in a large, deep cavity; apex slightly depressed; skin clear red; flesh yellowish, transparent, tender, juicy, sugary, acidulated; pit of medium size, round; second quality; season the end of June; moderately productive.

=Cerise d'Espagne.= _P. Cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25. 1876.

Fruit large, deep red, delicious, acidulated, ripening from June to July.

=Cerise à la Feuille.= _P. Cerasus._ =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:174, 175. 1768.

The fruit is of medium size, roundish-cordate, faces flattened; stem long; cavity deep and straight; skin deep reddish-brown; flesh red, with an acid flavor which it loses somewhat at complete maturity; stone large, lightly tinted; ripens the middle of July.

=Cerise de Gembloux.= _P. avium._ =1.= Ann. _Pom. Belge_ =8=:91, Pl. 1860.

M. Staquet Berger of Gembloux, Belgium, grew this cherry from seed. Tree productive, vigorous; fruit large, roundish, slightly cordate; suture pronounced; stem long, slender; skin thin, glossy, nearly black; flesh red, fine, melting, juicy, sugary, acidulated; stone small, oval; ripens the last of July.

=Cerise Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:195, 196, Pl. 16 fig. 1. 1768. =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:140, 141 fig. 34, 142. 1866. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:159, 160, fig. 78. 1866-73. =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:254, 255 fig., 256. 1877.

_Griotte Guigne._ =5.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:149. 1832.

_Cerise Anglaise._ =6.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =2=:No. 26, Pl. 1846.

_Rothe Muskateller._ =7.= _Ill. Handb._ 159 fig., 160. 1860.

This cherry is now of historical interest only. It has been called Cerise Guigne since Duhamel described it in 1768, and may be the variety known long ago by the Romans as Cecilienne. There is no record to show that Cerise Guigne was ever brought to America. Tree large, vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate, flattened at the base; suture distinct; stem of medium thickness and length; skin thin; color clear red becoming reddish-brown; flesh clear red, with abundant, colored juice, tender, slightly stringy, sweet, sprightly, agreeable; quality good; ripens early.

=Cerise de Mai Double.= Species? =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36, 40. 1771.

Briefly discussed by Knoop.

=Cerise de Mai Simple.= Species? =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36, 40, 41. 1771.

Resembles Cerise de Mai Double but smaller.

=Cerise de Martigné.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:147. 1882.

The tree-characters are briefly described in this reference.

=Cerise de Ostheim.=_ P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 78. 1890.

_Ostheim._ =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:79, fig. 18. 1903.

In 1883, Professor J. L. Budd of Ames, Iowa, brought this variety to Iowa. It is very similar to the Minnesota Ostheim but a few days later. Fruit of medium size, round, occasionally cordate; stem of medium length, slender, set in a shallow cavity; skin firm, deep red, with highly colored juice, mildly subacid; quality very good.

=Cerise du Prince Maurice.= Species? =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36, 41. 1771.

Tree vigorous, erect, productive; fruit scarlet, with whitish dots.

=Cerise de Prusse.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:151 fig., 152, 153, 221, 304. 1866.

_Guindoux de Provence._ =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 429, 430. 1819.

_Prussian Cherry._ =3.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:150. 1832.

_Provencer Süssweichsel._ =4.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:50. 1858.

_Cerise de l'Esvière._ =5.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.

_Cerise de Prusse noire?_ =6.= _Ibid._ =11=:160. 1882.

This old variety is supposed to be of French origin. It is distinguished from other sorts by its cordate form, its more or less distinct suture, its thick skin, and its heart-shaped pit. Tree vigorous, moderately productive; fruit rather large, partially cordate, marked by a suture on both sides, more pronounced towards the base; stem of medium length, inserted in a rather deep cavity; skin thick, tough, separating from the pulp, deep reddish, almost black; flesh rather firm, deep red, juicy, sprightly, vinous, with a pronounced acidity; stone rather large, oval-pointed, turgid; ripens early in July.

=Cerise de Rouen Double.= _P. avium._ =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36, 42. 1771.

Tree vigorous and productive; fruit cordate, marked with a suture of moderate depth; color streaked with clear red on a yellow ground; flesh brittle, sweet, very agreeable.

=Cerise de Rouen Simple.= _P. avium._ =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:42. 1771.

Resembles the preceding variety in form, color and quality but is somewhat smaller.

=Cerise Rouge Pale.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:89, 90, fig. 43. 1866-73. 2. Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:383, 384 fig., 385. 1877.

_Cerisier à Gros Fruit Rouge-pâle._ =3.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb._ Fr. =1=:182, 183, 184, Pl. 9. 1768. =4.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:5, Tab. 14 fig. 1. 1792.

_Villennes._ =5.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:140. 1832.

_Bleichrothe Glaskirsche._ =6.= _Ill. Handb._ 75 fig., 76. 1867.

This cherry is of interest only because of its past. Of its origin no record can be found. It is first mentioned by Duhamel, in 1768, under a somewhat longer name, "Cerisier à Gros Fruit Rouge-pâle," which many later writers have confused with Carnation. Tree large, vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish, flattened; stem long, thick; cavity deep, broad; skin thin; color a clear, brilliant red growing darker as maturity advances; flesh transparent, juicy, firm, tender, sweet, yet sprightly; of very good quality; season late.

=Cerise Rouge Sanguine.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.

Listed in this reference.

=Cerise Royale Ordinaire.= Species? =1.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =2=:No. 22, Pl. 1846.

This variety is known in Normandy as Cerise Musquée because of its slight musky taste. Fruit small, sides compressed; skin red; flesh yellowish, juicy, sugary; quality fair.

=Cerise de Soissons.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 55. 1831.

_Französiche Süssweichsel._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:51. 1858.

_Admirable de Soissons._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 476. 1869.

Cerise de Soissons is described as a Morello, medium to above in size, broadly cordate, slightly compressed, with a slight suture; stem short; skin dark red; flesh red, tender, juicy, brisk subacid; ripens the middle of July.

=Cerise de Tiercé.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.

Listed without a description.

=Cerise de Xavier.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =17=:363. 1851. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 215. 1854.

A Morello cherry, first shown in 1851, by M. P. Wilder, Dorchester, Massachusetts. Fruit medium in size, round, dark red, acid.

=Cerisier Commun à Fruit Rond.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:172, 173. 1768. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 658, 659. 1819.

Under this heading are grouped many wild cherries in France, grown from seeds, whose trees, leaves and flowers vary as well as the size, taste and time of ripening of the fruits. One of the best of these is grown around Paris, the fruit being small; stem long; pit large; quality and flavor variable.

=Cerisier Commun Pleureur.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 397. 1888.

This cherry was found in a Sour Cherry plantation. It resembles Montmorency in habit of growth and the Heart cherries in texture of flesh. The tree is used for ornamental planting and its fruit for culinary purposes. Tree very productive, bushy, branches inclined to droop; fruit large, oblong; stem long, inserted in a large cavity; skin glossy, dark red; flesh rose-colored, transparent, sugary, juicy; pit of medium size, elongated-oval; ripens early in June.

=Cerisier à Feuilles Laciniées.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:267, 268 fig. 1877.

This is a chance seedling first mentioned by Leroy in his catalog in 1860. Because of its foliage it is often used as an ornamental. Tree strong, moderately productive; fruit generally attached singly, small, oval; suture apparent; stem long; cavity moderately large; skin clear red, marbled with reddish-brown; flesh firm, yellowish-white, with abundant, uncolored juice, sugary, slightly acidulated; pit of medium size, elongated-oval, plump.

=Cerisier à Gros Fruit Blanc.= _P. avium._ =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:507. 1860.

A cherry ripening in July but described as very sugary and very good; flesh watery, aromatic; productive.

=Cerisier Royal Tardif à Fruit Noir.= Species? =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:506. 1860.

The fruit ripens in July, becoming deep black.

=Cerisier Très-fertile.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:175, 176. 1768.

_Weichselbaum mit bündelförmigen Früchten._ =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:5, Tab. 12 fig. 1. 1792.

_Cerise à Trochet._ =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 56. 1831. =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:397, 398 fig. 1877.

_Prolific Cherry._ =5.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:132. 1832.

_Amarelle très-fertile._ =6.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:201 fig., 202, 203. 1866.

Leroy states that this variety was long ago well known in France. Because it was grown in the neighborhood of Angers and Saint-Laud, and was of the Montmorency type, Leroy says it was locally named Cerisier Montmorency Hâtif de Saint Laud. He is doubtful whether it existed before the Eighteenth Century; Duhamel was the first to describe it in 1768. The tree resembles the Cluster cherry and is probably but a variation of the Cerise Commune type. Tree small; fruit generally attached in threes, of medium size, globular, compressed at the stem; cavity rather deep; apex small, somewhat prominent; stem of medium size, unequal in length; skin transparent, clear red, deeper when mature; flesh tender, white, juicy, sugary, strongly acidulated; stone medium in size, roundish, turgid; ripens the middle of June. Its graceful habit and productiveness make it a favorite for ornamental purposes.

=Cerisier de Varenne.= Species? =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:507. 1860.

_Belle de Varennes._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.

Tree erect, very vigorous; fruit large, compressed; stem long; color bright red.

=Challenge.= _P. pumila._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 353. 1896.

Challenge is a Sand Cherry seedling grown in Canada; fair flavor and of medium size.

=Champagne.= Species? =1.= _Horticulturist_ =5=:76, 77 fig. 1850. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 205. 1854.

Champagne is a seedling raised by Charles Downing,[84] Newburgh, New York, and so named because of the peculiar and lively mingling of sweet and acid in its flavor. Tree very hardy, vigorous, bearing regularly, and withstanding the attacks of rot and blight. Fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate, slightly angular; stem moderately long; cavity shallow, flat; skin lively brick-red, inclining to pink; flesh amber, juicy, sprightly, rich; ripens the middle of June.

=Champion.= _P. pumila._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 307. 1898.

Champion is one of many seedlings of the Manitoba Sand, a native Canadian cherry named and described in 1898, by Wm. Saunders of the Canadian Experimental Farms. Fruit large, very dark red, nearly black when ripe; flesh sweet, nearly free from astringency; quality good; ripens in Manitoba the last of August.

=Chapman.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 130. 1897. =2.= _Cal. Nur. Cat._ =1=:14. 1898. =3.= _Ore. Nur. Cat._ 21. 1903. =4.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 26. 1909.

Chapman was grown by W. H. Chapman of Napa, California, and is supposed to be a seedling of Black Tartarian, surpassing that variety in size and earliness. By some horticulturists Chapman and California Advance are considered identical, but most growers, particularly in California, declare the two to be distinct. Fruit matures early; very large, roundish, purplish-black; stem long, slender; flesh slightly tender; very good in quality; stone small.

=Cheresoto.= _P. pumila × P. americana._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =130=:184, Pl. 10, Pl. 11, 185. 1911.

Cheresoto is a cross between the Sand Cherry and the De Soto plum from the South Dakota Experiment Station. The tree resembles the plum in growth but the fruit, in looks and flavor, is like that of the Sand Cherry. Fruit rather long with a prickle at the apex; about one and three-eighths inches in diameter; skin black with a bluish bloom, thin, free from acerbity; flesh yellowish-green, sprightly; pit clinging.

=China Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:126. 1832.

_China Heart._ =2.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 30. 1828. =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 48. 1831.

This variety was raised from the seed of an Ox Heart by William Prince, Flushing, New York, and at first was called China Heart. W. R. Prince in his _Pomological Manual_ of 1832, calls it China Bigarreau as it is more of the Bigarreau than of the Heart type of cherries. Tree vigorous, large; fruit medium in size, roundish or oval-cordate, with a distinct suture; stem long, slender, set in a shallow cavity; skin when fully ripe, glossy red mottled with lighter red; flesh firm, somewhat melting, with a sweet, rich, peculiar flavor; ripens just after Black Tartarian and forms a link between it and the later varieties; very productive.

=Choque.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 15, 191. 1876. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:141, 142. 1882.

_Guigne Choque._ =3.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 482. 1904.

Originated near Metz, Lorraine, Germany. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit rather large; of a deep red color at maturity; flesh white, slightly tinted with a rose color, firm, very juicy, sweet; ripens the last of June.

=Christbauer.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 42. 1892.

A sort reported to ripen before Early Richmond.

=Christiana.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 206. 1854.

This variety was raised by B. B. Kirtland, Greenbush, New York, and resembles May Duke in character of tree and fruit. The fruit is borne in clusters, is of a bright, lively red color, and has a sprightly subacid flavor.

=Churchill Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 48. 1831. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 290. 1884.

Tree hardy, productive; fruit large, heart-shaped; stem long; cavity shallow; skin glossy, of a clear, waxen, pale yellow, bright red when exposed to the sun, mottled with dark red and orange; flesh pale yellow, firm, sweet, rich, moderately juicy; season the end of July.

=Cistena.= _P. pumila × P. pissardi._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =130=:190, 191. 1911.

Cistena is a cross between the Sand Cherry and _Prunus pissardi_, interesting only because of its beautiful purple foliage.

=Clark September.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt._ =22=:XVIII. 1890.

Clark September is a local sort from Lower Granville, Nova Scotia. The fruits are of medium size and when fully ripe are of a dark red color; flesh firm, of a sweet and agreeable flavor.

=Cluster Black Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 481. 1904.

Tree vigorous; fruit small or of medium size, cordate; stem long; skin glossy, black; flesh very dark red, tender, juicy, agreeably mild acid; ripens in July.

=Cocklin Favorite.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =3=:249 fig., 1861. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 458. 1869.

_Late Amber._ =3.= _Horticulturist_ =17=:381. 1862.

This seedling was introduced by E. H. Cocklin, Shepherdstown, Pennsylvania, but its origin is unknown. Tree upright, conical, very productive; fruit large, roundish, regular, slightly compressed, somewhat flattened at the base, almost without a suture; apex depressed; stem long, slender; cavity deep; skin yellowish shaded and mottled in the sun with a light crimson; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, vinous; quality good; stone very small for the size of the fruit; season late.

=Coe Late Carnation.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 216. 1854. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 275. 1857.

_Coe's Späte Rote Kirsche._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 343, 344. 1889.

This is a late variety of unknown origin--possibly a seedling of Carnation. Fruit medium to large, cordate; suture shallow; color yellowish-amber mottled with clear red; flesh tender, juicy, subacid; quality fair; season the last of July.

=Coeur de Pigeon Noir.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:148. 1882.

Fruit of medium size, cordate, slightly elongated.

=Coeur de Poule.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:124. 1832.

_Gros Bigarreau coeur-de-Poule_ =2.= _Rev. Hort._ 65. 1881.

According to Prince, this variety was rather extensively cultivated in the south of France especially in the vicinity of Toulouse, where it was known as Cor dè Galino. The fruit ripens in July, has the form of the Hearts; its vivid red changes to nearly black as does also the juice.

=Cole.= _P. cerasus._

Cole is a rather small-sized Morello of little value and no doubt now out of cultivation. Fruit cordate, compressed along the sutures; stem long, slender, set in a wide cavity; skin nearly black; flesh tender, rather meaty, dark red, lighter near the pit, having abundant, wine-colored juice, sour, sprightly; stone clings; season late.

=Columbia.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 459. 1869.

Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit of medium size, heart-shaped, inclining to a point, surface angular and uneven, sides compressed; suture deep, narrow; stem long, slender; cavity large, deep; skin whitish-yellow, blushed and mottled with light red; flesh whitish, stained with pink, tender, juicy, pleasant; season the last of June.

=Common Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:143, 144. 1832. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 103. 1852.

_Wild Morello._ =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 54. 1831.

_Common Red Morello._ =4.= _Kan. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 144. 1886.

This variety must not be confused with the well-known English Morello. Through self-propagation, it is widely known, as are its many seedlings which oft-times surpass it in size and quality.

=Como.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.

Listed in the reference given.

=Comtesse de Médicis Spada.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.

Listed without a description.

=Condé.= Species? =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:35. 1771.

Mentioned in the reference given.

=Conestoga.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:423. 1853. =2.= _Horticulturist_ =17=:381. 1862.

Conestoga was introduced by Casper Hiller, Conestoga, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Tree a rampant, spreading grower, very productive; fruit very large, obtuse-cordate, slightly compressed and indented at the apex; suture shallow; stem very long, inserted in an open cavity; skin deep red, purplish, somewhat mottled; flesh firm, rather tender, juicy, sugary, brisk; quality good; season early July.

=Constance Maisin.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25. 1876. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.

This is a Belgian variety, which, according to _Guide Pratique_, 1895, is very similar to Montmorency.

=Cook Imperial.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Sp. Rpt._ 25. 1904-05.

This variety, a seedling of Napoleon, originated with Steven Cook, Benton Harbor, Michigan. It is mentioned as a promising new sort, resembling Black Tartarian in shape, flavor, color, and length of stem but earlier and larger.

=Cornelia.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 459. 1869.

Cornelia originated with Charles Pease, near Cleveland, Ohio. Tree vigorous, upright-spreading, very productive; fruit medium to above in size, compressed, heart-shaped; suture slight; stem long; cavity narrow, deep; skin whitish-yellow, shaded with bright crimson on the sunny side; flesh light yellow, tender, juicy, sweet, rather lively; quality good; stone small; season the last of June.

=Corning.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 72. 1899. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:66 fig. 1903.

Corning is a cross between the Wragg and Lutovka and originated with A. F. Collman, Corning, Iowa. Fruit oblate-cordate, above medium in size; suture lacking; stem of medium length, stout, inserted in a medium deep, narrow cavity; skin rather thick, tender, red; flesh firm, breaking; juice slightly colored, briskly subacid; quality good; stone medium large, ovate; ripens in August.

=Corone.= _P. avium._ =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 572. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 205. 1676. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 291. 1884.

_Englische Schwarze Kronherzkirsche._ =4.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 149-152. 1819. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 347. 1889.

Corone, as the references show, is one of the oldest-named varieties, though strictly speaking, since it was largely grown from seed, according to the old writers, it is a type and not a variety. In character of fruit it seems to be midway between Black Mazzard and Black Tartarian. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit below medium in size, roundish-cordate, compressed and often roughened; suture deep; stem slender, long; cavity deep, round, narrow; color a deep, shining black; flesh dark purple, very firm, sweet; ripens late.

=Corwin.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Elliott Fr. _Book_ 216. 1854.

This is a medium-sized, roundish, red Morello with tender, acid flesh and a large stone; season July.

=Coularde.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 424-427. 1819.

_Cerisier de Hollande._ =2.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:184, 185, Pl. 10. 1768. =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:298, 346. 1877. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 363. 1889.

_Holländische Weichselbaum mit sehr grosser Frucht_ [or] _Coulard._ =5.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:5, Tab. 12 fig. 2. 1792.

_Holländische grosse Kirsche Coulard._ =6.= Christ _Handb._ 670. 1797.

_Holländische grosse Weichsel [or] Coulard._ =7.= Christ Wörterb. 284. 1802.

_Holland Griotte._ =8.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:141. 1832. =9.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 280. 1832.

_Holländische Süssweichsel._ =10.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3:=51. 1858.

_Cerisier coulard de Holland._ =11.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2:=505. 1860.

Leroy states that Coularde has been known since 1740 but is often confused with other cherries. According to Leroy, this variety was reintroduced as a novelty about 1864, under the name Belle d'Orleans. American writers, however, list a Belle d'Orleans as early as 1850, which is of the Guigne type rather than the Griotte. Tree the largest of its class; branches strong and straight; blooms profusely; fruit large, round; skin red; flesh firm, reddish-white, sweet, agreeable; ripens the end of June. The pistils being much longer than the stamens, many flowers are never fertilized which gives the blossoms a blighted appearance.

=Courte-queue de Gaiberg.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 23, 192. 1876.

_Courte-pendu de Gaiberg._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.

Listed as having been received from Germany on the recommendation of Oberdieck.

=Crawford.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11:=160. 1882.

Listed, not described.

=Crown Prince.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 465. 1900.

Tree vigorous; fruit above medium in size, cordate; skin yellow with a light red blush; flesh whitish, juicy, tender, refreshing; quality good; ripens the last of May.

=Cserszeger Honigkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 55. 1907.

A yellow Heart cherry.

=Cullen Cherrie.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 574. 1629.

"The Cullen Cherrie is a darke red cherrie like the Agriot, which they of those parts neere Cullen and Vtrecht &c. vse to put into their drinke, to give it the deeper colour."

=Cumberland.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 205. 1854.

_Triumph of Cumberland._ =2.= _Horticulturist_ =7=:100. 1852. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 267, 268. 1857. =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11:=87, 88, fig. 44. 1882.

_Cumberland Heart._ =5.= _Gard. Mon._ =2=:118. 1860.

_Cumberland Spice._ =6.= _Horticulturist_ =17=:498. 1862.

Cumberland is a chance seedling found in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania; introduced by David Miller of Carlisle. Tree strong in growth, erect, vigorous, productive; fruit obtuse-cordate, sides compressed; stem rather long, slender, set in a broad, open cavity; apex slightly depressed; suture entirely around the fruit, but a line on one side; skin medium thick, tough, clear purple changing to a purplish-black; flesh deep purple, crisp, aromatic, with abundant, colored juice; quality good; pit roundish-oval, compressed, slightly clinging; ripens the middle of June.

=Cyclone.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Nova Scotia Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt._ 23. 1894.

This variety is said in Nova Scotia to be somewhat similar to Wood and Rockport but to be superior to either in size and quality.

=Dacotah.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =26=:402, 403. 1860. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 459. 1869.

Dacotah is a seedling of one of Professor J. P. Kirtland's sorts, originated by his son-in-law, Charles Pease, Cleveland, Ohio. In growth it resembles Rockport; in fruit, Black Tartarian although it is later. The fruit is borne on spurs on the body as well as on the limbs, thus being protected from birds by the foliage. Fruit medium to large, heart-shaped, compressed; suture shallow; stem long, slender; cavity deep, narrow; skin rich dark red, almost black, slightly roughened; flesh rather tender, purplish, juicy, sweet; of high quality; stone of medium size; productive.

=Daiber Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 344. 1889.

Listed by Mathieu.

=Dankelmannskirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 242-246, 677. 1819.

_Schwefelkirsche._ =2.= Krünitz _Enc._ 72, 73. 1790.

_Agatkirsche._ =3.= Christ _Handb._ 666. 1797.

_Dankelmann's Weisse Herzkirsche._ =4.= _Ibid._ 666. 1797.

_Kleine weisse Perlkirsche._ =5.= _Ibid._ 683. 1797.

_Dankelmann's Molkenkirsche._ =6.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:28. 1858.

_Bigarreautier à fruit jaune?_ =7.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:504. 1860.

_Bigarreau jaune._ =8.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:133. 1866.

In 1791, Truchsess received grafts of what he thought were several distinct varieties and disseminated them as such. Later, they were found to be identical with the Dankelmann. The fruit is recognized from others of its class by its small size, its honey sweetness, its peculiar color and its transparent skin. Fruit more round than cordate, with a shallow suture; stem slender, inserted in a narrow, shallow cavity; skin yellow washed with red, transparent allowing the pit to be visible; flesh yellowish-white, tender, very juicy, very sweet if ripened thoroughly; stone small, round, almost free when ripe; season the last of June to July.

=Datge.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:59. 1900.

Mentioned in this reference as being moderate in growth.

=Davenport.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:154. 1832.

_Davenport's Early Red._ =2.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 218. 1835.

_Davenport's Early Black._ =3.= _Ibid._ 233. 1841.

_Davenport's Early._ =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 172, 173. 1845.

This early cherry, resembling somewhat Black Heart, was originated nearly a century ago by Edward Davenport, Dorchester, Massachusetts. Tree medium in size, productive; fruit above medium to large, roundish-cordate; stem long, rather thick; skin bright red becoming purplish-black; flesh firm but tender, sprightly, pleasant, juicy, sweet; very good in quality; season early.

=De Belleu.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:59. 1900.

Mentioned in this reference as being a variety of moderate growth.

=De Jacap.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 52. 1831.

Mentioned in the reference given.

=De Ravaene.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.

Listed without a description.

=De Sibérie à gros fruit et à rameaux pendans.= Species? =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:508. 1860.

This is a dwarf ornamental tree bearing small, oval, mediocre fruits ripening in August and September.

=De Spa.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =17=:363. 1851. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 278. 1857.

De Spa is a medium-sized, dark red, acid Morello forming a prolific bush, ripening soon after May Duke.

=De Vaux.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm. Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:59. 1900.

Listed in the reference given.

=Dearborn Red French.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 280. 1832.

This is a Duke cherry imported from France by H. A. S. Dearborn, Roxbury, Massachusetts. The name having been lost, the importer renamed it.

=Dechenaut.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 78. 1866.

Fruit large, roundish-cordate, broad at the base, rather flattened; suture faint; skin bright cornelian-red, becoming darker red when ripe, glossy; stem long, set in a wide, deep cavity; flesh tender, succulent; resembling May Duke in flavor and season.

=Delaware Bleeding Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1898.

This is a medium-sized, dark red, nearly black fruit with solid flesh and good flavor.

=Delicate.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 193 fig. 1854.

Delicate was raised by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, in 1842, from a pit of Yellow Spanish, probably crossed with Black Tartarian, Black Mazzard, or May Duke. Tree moderately vigorous, upright-spreading, productive; fruit medium to large, roundish-oblate; suture rather pronounced; stem medium in length; skin thin, translucent, amber-yellow overspread and mottled with light carmine; flesh pale yellow, juicy, pleasant, sweet; very good in quality; stone small, roundish-oval; season the last of June and the first of July.

=Délicieuse.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.

Listed by Mas.

=Denner Black.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 48. 1831.

Listed but not described.

=Des Cheneaux.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.

Mentioned in the reference given.

=Deutsche Belzweichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 290. 1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 603, 604, 605. 1819.

Probably this is but a wild seedling used in grafting. Fruit of medium size, round; suture indistinct; stem long, slender, set in a shallow cavity; skin glossy, dark brown; flesh firm, dark, reddish directly under the skin, juicy, with a sourish wine-flavor; stone small, oval; ripens the middle of July.

=Disnoder Gewürzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 55. 1907.

Listed as a black Bigarreau.

=Ditst.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=: 160. 1882.

Listed in the reference given.

=Dobbeete Moreller.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 54. 1831.

Listed in this reference.

=Doctay.= Species? =1.= _Horticulturist_ =17=:498. 1862.

Reported in the reference as a good, late cherry of second size as grown by E. Manning, Harrisburg, Ohio.

=Doctor.= _P. avium._ 1. _Horticulturist_ =2=:123 fig. 1847-48. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:37, 38, fig. 17. 1866-73. _American Doctor._ =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 71. 1866.

Doctor was originated by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, in 1842, from a pit of Yellow Spanish, probably crossed with Black Tartarian, Black Mazzard, or May Duke. Hogg called it American Doctor to distinguish it from the German Doctorkirsche. Tree of medium vigor, upright-spreading, healthy, very productive; fruit medium to large, roundish-cordate; stem long, rather slender; skin light yellow, mottled, blushed and at times almost entirely overspread with red; flesh pale yellow, juicy, tender, aromatic, sweet; good in quality; stone small.

=Dr. Flynn.= _P. avium._ =1.= Coates _Cat._ 1911-12.

Dr. Flynn is a chance seedling which originated in Portland, Oregon, with a Dr. Flynn. Fruit large, dark red; similar to Lambert in shape; preceding Napoleon.

=Dr. Wiseman.= _P. avium._ =1.= Van Lindley _Cat._ 23. 1892. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 321. 1897.

This cherry was named after Dr. Wiseman, Davie County, North Carolina, who claimed it to be the earliest Sweet Cherry. Van Lindley believes it to be the Doctor which originated with Professor Kirtland. Fruit of medium size, light yellow, shaded with bright red, resembling Wood.

=Doctorkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Obstbäume_ 161. 1791. =2.= Christ _Handb._ 674. 1797. =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 402-405. 1819. =4.= _Ill. Handb._ 497 fig., 498. 1861.

This variety was first mentioned in 1791. It should not be confused with another sort mentioned by Büttner and Truchsess as Doctorknorpelkirsche. Fruit large, roundish, somewhat compressed; stem long; cavity rather deep; skin tough, brownish-red changing to reddish-black; flesh dark red, melting, juicy, sweet yet with a sprightly flavor; pit round, slightly pointed; ripens the middle of July.

=Doctorknorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 201, 202, 203. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:37. 1858.

According to Truchsess, this sort was received by him in 1797, from Büttner at Leipzig under the name of Doctorkirsche. Because one or two other sorts were growing at that time under this name, Christ changed this one, following Büttner's description, to Doctorkirsche mit Hartem Fleisch, which has since been shortened to Doctorknorpelkirsche. Fruit large, slightly compressed; stem long and slender; color black; flesh firm, clear red, juicy, agreeably sweet; ripens the middle of August.

=Dollaner Schwarze.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 9 fig., 10. 1867.

According to Oberdieck, this variety originated at Dollan, Bohemia, Austria, the home of the Dollaner prune. Fruit above medium in size, truncate-cordate, traversed entirely by a suture; stem slender, long, set in a narrow, shallow cavity; skin tough, brownish-black with light spots, wholly black when ripe; flesh and juice dark red, flesh firm, but tender enough to be classed among the Hearts, sweet, aromatic, with a slight sourness before fully ripe; stone elongated-oval; season late.

=Donna Maria.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Barry _Fr. Garden_ 326. 1851. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 74. 1862. =3.= _Am. Hort. An._ 84 fig. 41, 85. 1869.

This is a Morello cherry, probably of French origin. It is distinct from the Early May grown in the West with which it has been confused. Donna Maria held a place on the American Pomological Society's catalog of fruits from 1862 until 1899. Tree small, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish, dark red; flesh tender, juicy, sprightly; good in quality; season late.