Chapter V: The Minor Varieties of Cherries (7)

=Souvenir d'Essonnes.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas. _Le Verger_ =8=:109, 110, fig. 53. 1866-73.

This cherry was obtained by M. Courtin, a nurseryman at Essonnes, Seine-et-Oise, France, about 1860. Fruit of medium size, oval, slightly compressed; suture indistinct; stem medium; cavity of medium size, regular; skin tender, mottled on a red ground; flesh whitish, tender, sweet though sprightly; pit small, oval; ripens the middle of June.

=Spanische Frühkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 149 fig., 150. 1860.

_Spanische Herzkirsche._ =2.= Christ _Obstbäume_ 160. 1791.

_Schwarze Spanische Frühkirsche._ =3.= Christ _Handb._ 662. 1797. =4.= Christ _Wörterb._ 282. 1802. =5.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 410-413. 1819.

_Précoce d'Espagne._ =6.= Mas. _Le Verger_ =8=:73, 74, fig. 35. 1866-73. =7.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 16, 204. 1876.

Fruit medium in size, roundish-cordate, sides compressed; suture wide, deep, often only a line on the dorsal side; stem long, slender, inserted in a shallow, narrow cavity; skin glossy, tough, deep red changing to black; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, with a pleasing sourness, brownish-red; pit elongated-oval, not plump, rather smooth; season the middle of June.

=Spanische Frühweichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 674. 1797. =2.= Christ _Wörterb._ 289. 1802. =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 500, 501, 502. 1819.

_Griotte Précoce d'Espagne._ =4.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:41, 42, fig. 19. 1866-73.

Tree strong, vigorous, productive; fruit above medium in size, roundish, truncate at the base; suture marked on the side most compressed; stem long, moderately stout, inserted in a deep, narrow cavity; skin tender, purplish-brown, changing to black, somewhat lighter near the suture; flesh tender, juicy, dark red, with a pleasing acidity; first quality; stone small, roundish-oval, apex pointed; season the last of June.

=Spanische Glaskirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 503 fig., 504. 1861.

_Grosse Spanische Weichsel_? =2.= Christ _Handb._ 683. 1797.

_Transparente d'Espagne._ =3.= Mas. _Le Verger_ =8=:101, 102, fig. 49. 1866-73.

Fruit large, oblate, compressed on the dorsal side; suture lacking; stem rather long; cavity deep; color dark red; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, acidulated; stone small, nearly round; ripens from the middle to the end of June.

=Spanish Griotte.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:136. 1832.

Prince believed this variety to be a sub-variety of Arch Duke which it resembles. The fruit is larger than the Arch Duke, oblong, somewhat flattened along the sides; stem very large, of medium length; skin brownish-red approaching black; flesh red, firm, slightly melting, sweet; ripens at the beginning of July.

=Spätblühende Glaskirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 683. 1797.

_Weichselbaum mit gelb, weiss, und röthlich marmorirte Frucht._ =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:7, Tab. 17 fig. 2. 1792. =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 477-479, 690. 1819.

Fruit of medium size; stem long, slender; color red; flesh pleasingly subacid; ripens the middle of July; blooms very late.

=Späte Maulbeerkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 276. 1802. =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 75 fig., 76. 1860.

_Späte Maulbeerherzkirsche._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 135-140. 1819.

_Guigne mûre de Paris._ 4. Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:83, 207. 1866.

Tree vigorous, with a broad crown, productive; fruit variable in size, flattened somewhat squarely; stem long, stout, straight; cavity wide, shallow; skin tough, black, rather dull; flesh tender, reddish-black, with abundant, colored juice, sweet with a piquant sourness; pit round; season the last of July.

=Späte Rote Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 378. 1889.

Listed without a description.

=Späte Schwarze Forellenkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 291. 1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 605, 606. 1819.

This variety was found in Bernburg, Anhalt, Germany. Tree medium in height, with branches drooping; fruit large, dark brownish-red; very sour; stone very long; ripens in September with a few fruits remaining until October.

=Späte Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 43 fig., 44. 1867.

Fruit very large, roundish, flattened, angular; suture but a line; stem rather long; cavity shallow; skin glossy, dark red, becoming black, streaked; flesh dark red, firm, sweet, aromatic, with a slight bitterness; stone oval; ripens in late August.

=Späte Schwarze Spanische Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 664. 1797. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 152, 153. 1819.

This variety is distinguished from all others of its class by its soft, tender stone; it differs from the Soft-stone Cherry in shape. Fruit elongated, tapering-cordate; skin glossy, dark brown, changing to black; flesh tender, dark red, juicy, aromatic; stone medium in size, flattened, often abortive, with a thin covering over the kernel easily broken by the hand; ripens in late August.

=Speckkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 665. 1797. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 287-289. 1819.

_Cerise Graisseuse._ =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:303. 1866.

_Cerise Lard._ =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:81, 82, fig. 41. 1882.

This cherry is sometimes mistaken for Corone. It differs from other Bigarreaus in its variable form. Tree productive; fruit medium to large; stem rather long, set in a shallow cavity; color dark red with lighter red flecks; flesh firm, pale yellow, subacid; stone rather large, nearly free; ripens the middle of July.

=Spitzens Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 160, 161, 673. 1819. =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 71 fig., 72. 1860. =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:301. 1866. =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18, 199. 1876.

_Guigne noire Spitz._ =5.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:333 fig. 1877.

_Bigarreau noire de Spitz._ =6.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.

Spitzens Herzkirsche is a seedling found in Guben, Prussia, Germany, about 1790. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, large, obtuse-cordate, compressed; suture shallow; stem short; cavity shallow; skin glossy, tender, dark reddish-brown changing to black, lighter along the suture; flesh dark red, tender, fibrous, sweet, aromatic when fully ripe; stone of medium size, plump, oval, slightly adherent; season late.

=Srdcovka v Skalka.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Obstzüchter_ =8=:51. 1910.

A Heart cherry found in the markets of Brünn, Moravia, Austria.

=Stanapa.= _P. pumila × P. pissardi._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =130=:190, 191. 1911.

Stanapa is a cross between the Sand Cherry and Prunus pissardi, interesting only because of its beautiful purple foliage.

=Standard.= _P. pumila._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 353. 1896.

Standard is a seedling of _Prunus pumila_, the Sand Cherry, grown by the Experiment Station at Manitoba, Canada; fruit large, astringent.

=Starr Prolific.= Species? =1.= _Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt._ =1=:22. 1894.

Mentioned as growing on the grounds of L. Woolverton, Grimsby, Ontario, Canada.

=Strass Early Black.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 473. 1869. =2.= _Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales_ =19=:996. 1908.

Many writers believe Strass Early Black to be Reine Hortense. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit small, partly cordate, flattened on one side; stem of medium length, set in a shallow cavity; skin dark red becoming almost black; flesh reddish-pink, rather soft, sweet, with pinkish juice; stone large.

=Strauss.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:127. 1900.

_Strauss Weichsel._ =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 328. 1885. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =17=:11. 1892.

This is not the Strauss Weichsel of Europe but one of Budd's importations. Tree upright, hardy, round-topped, vigorous, unproductive; fruit medium to large, truncate, flattened at both ends; cavity medium; apex smooth; stem short, slender; flesh dark red almost black, firm, juicy, sprightly, acid, astringent; stone small, round; season the last of June.

=Strauss Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 289. 1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 502-505. 1819. =3.= Dochnahl _Führ._ _Obstkunde_ =3=:59. 1858. =4.= _Ill. Handb._ 81 fig., 82. 1867.

Tree dwarfish, unproductive; fruit on a single stem but several come out of one bud and the buds are closely set; fruit large, flattened at both ends; apex slightly rounded; stem long, thin, straight; color brownish-black; flesh tender, dark red, with abundant, colored juice; quality good; ripens the middle of June.

=Striker.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 41. 1895.

Striker is a seedling of Napoleon grown by C. E. Hoskins, Springbrook, Oregon. Fruit large, cordate; cavity wide, deep, flaring, pink; stem of medium length, slender; suture shallow; skin thick, tender, glossy, yellow, washed and mottled with red; dots minute, russet, elongated; flesh yellowish, translucent, fibrous, firm, juicy, mild, sprightly; very good; pit of medium size, oval, semi-clinging; season the last of June to early July.

=Striped-Leaved.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:151. 1832.

_Cerasus hortensis foliis eleganter variegatis._ =2.= Miller _Gard. Dict._ =1=:1754.

Cultivated as an ornamental.

=Stuart.= _P. avium._

Stuart originated from nursery-sown pits and was propagated by C. W. Stuart of Newark, New York, who sent trees to this Station for testing in 1900. Tree of medium size, vigorous, productive; fruit large, cordate or inclined to conic, compressed; suture indistinct; stem long, slender; cavity deep, wide, obtuse; skin thin, tender; color light red over a yellowish background changing to dark, glossy red; flesh whitish, juicy, tender, meaty, crisp, mild, sweet; quality good; ripens in mid-season.

=Sucrée Léon Leclerc.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 19, 206. 1876

_Guigne sucrée de Léon Leclerc._ =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:98. 1866. =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:339, 340 fig. 1877.

_Léon Leclercs Herzkirsche._ =4.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 56. 1907.

This variety originated with Léon Leclerc of Laval, Mayenne, France, about 1853. Tree small, productive; fruit of medium size, borne in twos or threes, cordate-ovoid; stem long, slender, inserted in a cavity of medium size; skin deep rose-carmine; flesh whitish, semi-tender, very sugary, aromatic; pit medium in size, elongated-oval; ripens about the end of June.

=Summit.= _P. avium._

Summit is a seedling sent this Station by Isaiah Lower, Barberton, Ohio. According to Mr. Lower, the tree is vigorous and bears large, dark red cherries, very rich in juice and of a pleasing taste.

=Süsse Amarelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:8, Tab. 20 fig. 1. 1792. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 618, 619. 1819. =3.= _Ill. Handb._ 89 fig., 90. 1867. =4.= Oberdieck _Obst-Sort._ 356, 357. 1881.

_Späte Amarelle_ incor. =5.= Christ _Wörterb._ 294. 1802.

This variety is probably of French origin. Tree medium in height, bushy, productive; fruit large, flattened on both ends and on one side giving it a four-angled appearance; stem short, stout; cavity flat, shallow; apex slightly depressed; suture short, slightly prominent; skin dark red, thin, tough, separating readily from the pulp; flesh tender, juicy, white, sweet; stone large, thick, round, free; season the middle of June.

=Süsse Frühherzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 154, 155, 672. 1819.

Fruit rather small, round, compressed and marked by a suture; stem long, slender; color dark brown, becoming black; flesh tender, sweet, piquant; stone large, adherent; season the end of June.

=Süsse Frühweichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 288. 1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 536-538. 1819. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 379. 1889.

_Cerise Hâtive._ =4.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:23, 24, fig. 10. 1866-73.

This cherry should not be confused with the dark-fleshed variety, Griotte Douce Précoce. Branches long, flexible; fruit usually borne in twos or threes, of medium size, roundish, flattened; suture rather distinct; stem short, set in a large cavity; skin tender, clear red becoming darker; flesh whitish, mild; stone small, roundish; ripens early in June.

=Süsse Maiherzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 662. 1797. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 111-115. 1819. =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:19. 1858.

Fruit round, medium in size; suture indistinct; skin black; flesh dark red, piquant; stone small, plump, roundish, adherent along the suture; season the middle of June to July.

=Süsse Spanische.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 233-235. 1819. =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18, 206. 1876.

_Douce d'Espagne._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:21, 22, fig. 11. 1882.

This cherry was sent out by Pastor Winter of Germany in 1796 as a seedling of White Spanish. Fruit above medium to large, cordate; sides compressed and marked by a suture; stem rather long, slender, set in a narrow cavity; skin dull yellow, spotted with red, often dull; flesh whitish-yellow with a reddish tinge near the skin, tender, sweet; stone small, broadly cordate, adherent; season late.

=Süsskirsche mit Gefurster Blüthe.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:162. 1882.

Listed without a description.

=Sweedish.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Cultivator_ N. S. =7=:270. 1850.

Sweedish is one of Professor J. P. Kirtland's varieties, possibly identical with White Heart. Its strikingly rugose or wrinkled surface distinguishes it from other cherries.

=Sweet Montmorency.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:284. 1842. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 193 fig. 1845.

_Allen's Sweet Montmorency._ =3.= Bridgeman _Gard. Ass't_ Pt. =3=:183. 1847.

The fruit of this variety resembles Montmorency in external appearance but it is of a sweet, delicate flavor and the growth and habit of the tree is that of a Heart. Probably it is a hybrid between a Heart and a Morello or Montmorency. It was raised by J. F. Allen, Salem, Massachusetts. Tree vigorous, somewhat spreading; fruit rather small, nearly round; suture shallow; stem short; cavity shallow; skin pale amber in the shade, deep orange in the sun, becoming darker, and mottled with yellow; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet, high quality; stone small, round, slightly adherent; season the last of July to August.

=Sweet Morello.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 54. 1831.

Mentioned in the reference given.

=Tarascon Kirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 5 fig., 6. 1867.

_Guigne de Tarascon._ =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:59-61, fig. 4, 219. 1866. =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18, 199. 1876. =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:336, 337 fig. 1877.

Tarascon Kirsche originated in Bouches-du-Rhône, France. Tree of medium height, moderately vigorous; fruit rather large, usually attached by fours, obtuse-cordate, surface irregular; suture indistinct; stem rather slender, medium in length; cavity often shallow; skin glossy, changing to nearly black; flesh colored, juicy, tender, sweet; ripens late in June.

=Tardive d'Avignon.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:153, 154 fig. 39, 155. 1866. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:395, 396 fig. 1877.

This variety is grown at Avignon, Vaucluse, France. Tree vigorous, large; fruit usually attached in pairs, of medium size, compressed at the base, mamelon at the apex; suture indistinct; stem very long, slender, set in a broad, shallow cavity; apex prominent; skin thin but firm, dark glossy red, never becoming black, easily detached from the pulp; flesh clear blood-red netted with white, tender, juicy, sweet, with pronounced acidity; first quality; pit small, roundish, moderately grooved; matures at the beginning of July.

=Tardive de Brederode.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:156. 1882.

Leaves and flowers described.

=Tardive Noire d'Espagne.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:162. 1882.

Mentioned in the reference given.

=Tardive de Peine.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:162. 1882.

Listed without a description.

=Tecumseh.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 203. 1854. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:65, 66, fig. 33. 1882.

Tecumseh was raised in 1842 by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, from a pit of Yellow Spanish, probably fertilized by Black Tartarian, Black Mazzard, or May Duke. Tree moderately vigorous, spreading, hardy, productive; fruit medium to large, obtuse-cordate, compressed, with a broad, shallow suture; stem long, moderately thick; skin thin, tender, deep reddish-purple changing to purplish-black, glossy, sometimes mottled with red; flesh reddish-purple, rather tender, very juicy, sweet yet sprightly but not high flavored; quality good; stone medium in size, smooth, round, slightly elongated; ripens from the middle to the end of July.

=Temple.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Col. O. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 31. 1892.

Temple is a large Duke, subacid in flavor, ripening about June 10th. Tree an upright grower.

=Terry.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 168. 1897. =2.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:122. 1900. =3.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:283. 1903.

_Terry Early._ =4.= Stark Bros. _Cat._ 21. 1910.

Terry was probably imported by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, from Russia. Tree moderately upright, hardy; fruit of medium size, roundish, flattened laterally; suture indistinct; stem medium long; cavity shallow; skin tough, slightly astringent, deep red; flesh meaty, subacid, colored; stone small, roundish; ripens the middle of June.

=Thirty Day.= Species? =1.= _Col. O. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 9. 1890.

Thirty Day is said to ripen thirty days from the time of blossoming. It was grown by a Mr. Irwin of Fairfield County, Ohio; fruit large and of excellent quality.

=Thompson.= _P. avium._ =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 290. 1889.

Thompson is a seedling of Black Tartarian, which it closely resembles, from Napa County, California. Tree hardier and the fruit firmer than Black Tartarian.

=Thränen Muskatellerkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 683. 1797. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 174-177. 1819. =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:35. 1858.

_Bigarreautier à rameaux pendants._ =4.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =4=:85, 86, Pl. 1856. =5.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:233 fig., 234. 1877.

_Muscat des Larmes._ =6.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:301. 1866.

This old variety is said to have been introduced into Germany and France from the Island of Minorca in the Mediterranean. The branches very soon take on a drooping habit whence its name; leaves long and narrow, peach-like; fruit large, often borne in pairs, flattened at the stem as well as at the sides, marked by a suture; skin dark brownish-red; flesh dark red, firm, juicy; excellent; stone plump, oval; ripens the middle of July.

=Tilgner Rothe Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 254, 255. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:27. 1858. =3.= _Ill. Handb._ 103 fig., 104. 1860.

_Guigne de Tilgener._ =4.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:302. 1866.

_Bigarreau rouge de Tilgener_? =5.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.

This variety is a seedling from Guben, Prussia, Germany. Tree large, productive; fruit above medium in size, cordate; suture shallow; stem medium to above in length, rather deeply inserted; color yellowish, spotted and streaked with red often becoming wholly red; flesh pale white, juicy, tender, sweet, aromatic; quality very good; stone oval, acutely pointed, plump, grooved; ripens at the end of June.

=Tilgner Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 33 fig., 34. 1867. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 380. 1889.

_Bigarreau noir de Tilgner._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:230 fig. 1877.

Another seedling from Guben, Prussia, Germany, originating about 1852. Tree vigorous, healthy, productive; fruit usually borne in threes, very large, obtuse-cordate, often pointed, compressed; suture indistinct; stem short, stout, set in a deep, rather wide cavity; skin moderately tender, glossy, black when ripe; flesh rather tender, dark red, aromatic, pleasing; stone of medium size, oval; season late.

=Tobacco-Leaved.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:122, 123. 1832.

_Ounce._ 2. Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 571. 1629.

_Cerise à Feuilles bigarrées._ 3. Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:35. 1771.

_Four to the Pound._ 4. Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 267-277. 1819. =5.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 49. 1831.

_Ächte (sein sollende) Kirsche Vier auf ein Pfund._ =6.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 283, 284, 679. 1819.

_Bigarreautier à grandes feuilles._ =7.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =2=: No. 10, Pl. 1846.

_Gross blättrige Molkenkirsche._ =8.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:31. 1858.

_Bigarreau à Feuilles de Tabac._ =9.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:201 fig., 202, 203, 204. 1877.

The foliage is an object of curiosity in this variety, the leaves often measuring a foot in length and from five to eight inches in width. The fruits are rather below medium in size. The young shoots present a much undulated appearance. The variety is evidently of English origin, being mentioned in 1629, by Parkinson. Fruit below medium in size, heart-shaped; stem long, slender; skin tender, glossy, yellow overspread with red; flesh firm, transparent, juicy, rich, sweet; stone of medium size, ovate; ripens early in August.

=Toctonne Précoce.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:156. 1882.

The fruit is not described.

=Tokeya.= _P. pumila × P. simonii._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =108=:Pl. 4. 1908. =2.= _Ibid._ =130=:188 Pl. 13, 189. 1911.

Tokeya is a cross between the Sand Cherry and the Simon plum and was introduced as South Dakota No. 7 by the South Dakota Station. The early fruiting and the dwarfing habit of the Sand Cherries are very evident; fruit one and three-eighths inches in diameter, flat, dark red; flesh green, sprightly subacid, intermediate between that of the two parents; of good quality; pit very small.

=Tomato.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Hogg Fruit Man._ 92. 1866.

_Pomme-d'Amour._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 21, 203. 1876.

_Love Apple._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 163. 1881.

Tomato is a Duke cherry of Spanish origin. Fruit large, roundish-oblate, often depressed or tomato-shaped; suture shallow; apex a dot; stem long, slender, set in a large, broad, moderately deep cavity; skin yellowish, shaded with red; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid; quality very good; ripens early in July.

=Toronto.= Species? =1.= _Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 22. 1892-93. =2.= _Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales_ =19=:998. 1908.

Tree upright, fairly vigorous, productive; fruit borne in twos and threes, small, cordate, flattened on the sides, dark red; flesh and juice dark red, soft.

=Toupie.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:270. 1854. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:17, 18, fig. 9. 1882.

_Kreiselkirsche._ =3.= _Ill. Handb._ 25 fig., 26. 1867.

_Bigarreau Toupie._ =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:246, 247 fig. 1877.

A peculiar top-shaped fruit raised by M. Denis Henrard of the University of Liege, Belgium. Tree vigorous, moderately productive; fruit large, elongated, pointed-cordate, sides slightly compressed; suture indistinct; stem moderately long, slender, often curved, inserted in a narrow, shallow cavity; skin pale red becoming darker; flesh half-tender, juicy, dark red where exposed, sweet, acidulated; pit large, oval, tapering toward the apex, plump; ripens at the last of June.

=Townsend.= _P. cerasus._

Townsend is a strong, vigorous, productive cherry grown by W. P. Townsend, Lockport, New York. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, with a high shoulder, compressed; suture distinct; stem long, rather slender, set in a broad, somewhat deep cavity; skin light amber, mottled and shaded with carmine; flesh almost tender, juicy, sprightly, refreshing; pit small; ripens late in June.

=Transparent.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 92. 1866.

Transparent was grown by M. De Jonghe of Brussels, Belgium, from seed of Montmorency. Fruit above medium in size, oblate, with a faint suture which is distinctly marked at the apex; skin pale red, thin, transparent, showing the fibrous flesh beneath; flesh tender, melting, sweet, delicious.

=Transparent Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 43. 1803. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:119. 1832. =3=. Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 177. 1845.

_Jahns Durchsichtige._ =4.= _Ill. Handb._ 143 fig., 144. 1860.

_Transparent de Jahn._ =5.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:65, 66, fig. 31. 1866-73.

This is a European cherry formerly grown to some extent in America. Tree moderately vigorous, erect at first; fruit small, borne in pairs, regular, oval-cordate; stem rather long, inserted in a narrow cavity; suture a wide, dark line; skin thin, glossy, pellucid, showing the stone, yellowish-white, blotched with fine red; flesh yellowish-white, with a reddish cast, tender, juicy, aromatic; stone medium in size, oval, free; ripens late in June.

=Transparente de Meylan.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 28. 1876.

Fruit large, round, transparent; flesh delicate, fine, acid at first becoming sugary; ripens at the end of May.

=Transparente de Rivers.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 17, 207. 1876.

This is an English variety introduced into France about 1865. Fruit large, spherical, depressed, with a spotted rose-carmine color; flesh firm, juicy, sugary, slightly acidulated; first quality; ripens early in July.

=Transparente de Siebenfreund.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 28. 1876. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 11. 1895.

A large, beautiful cherry ripening the last of June from M. Siebenfreund, a druggist at Tyrnau, northwestern Hungary.

=Triomphe de Fausin.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:162. 1882.

Listed in the reference given.

=Troprichters Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 206, 676, 677. 1819.

_Guigne Troprichtz._ =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:340, 341 fig. 1877.

An old German variety. Fruit large, roundish-oval; skin clear red becoming more intense; flesh juicy, sweet, aromatic; of good quality; ripens early in June.

=Truchsess Schwarze Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 380. 1889.

Listed but not described.

=Tubbs.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:86. 1903.

Tubbs originated in Iowa City, Iowa. Fruit of medium size, oblate, slightly cordate; stem long, rather stout, inserted in a deep, narrow opening; suture very indistinct; apex convex; skin thick, dark red; flesh colored, crisp, meaty, slightly acid, juicy; quality very good; stone small, round; ripens late in June.

=Türkine.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 667. 1797. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 265-267. 1819. 3. _Ill. Handb._ 109 fig., 110. 1860.

Christ once labeled the Flamentiner, Türkine, which has given rise to some confusion. The true Türkine was sent out by Sello as Runde Weisse Späte Kirsche. Tree not very vigorous or productive; fruit of medium size, very broad, cordate; suture indistinct; stem long, slender; cavity variable; skin spotted with red and yellow; flesh softer than most Hearts, white, juicy; quality very good; stone plump, roundish; ripens late in July.

=Turkirsche Grosse.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Guide Prat._ 11. 1895.

A German variety which resembles Elton; fruit large, pointed; flesh white, sweet; first quality; ripens throughout July.

=Turner Late.= Species? =1=. Van Lindley _Cat._ 37. 1899.

A productive black cherry of medium size ripening the middle of June.

=Twyford.= Species? =1.= _Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales_ =19=:997. 1908.

Tree vigorous, upright-spreading, productive; fruit borne singly and in pairs, above medium in size, roundish-cordate, flattened; stem slender, long; skin yellow, mottled with bright, light red; flesh rather firm, whitish, tinged red near the skin, with clear juice; good; ripens in New South Wales in November.

=Uhlhorns Trauerkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 28. 1876.

Thomas states that this is a weeping cherry from Germany; fruit large and very good.

=Ungarische Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:61. 1858.

_Schwarze Ungarische Kirsche._ =2.= Christ _Wörterb._ 284. 1802. =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 588, 589. 1819.

This cherry should not be confused with the Grosse Ungarische Kirsche which is a Heart while this is a Morello. Fruit large, round, compressed; suture indistinct; stem slender, long, shallowly inserted; color black; flesh firm, tender, subacid, with dark red juice; pit small, elongated-oval; ripens the middle of July.

=Urinall.= _P. avium._ =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 572. 1629.

"The Urinall Cherrie in a most fruitfull yeare is a small bearer, having many yeares none, and the best but a few; yet doth blossome plentifully every yeare for the most part: the cherrie is long and round, like unto an Urinall, from whence it tooke his name; reddish when it is full ripe, and of an indifferent sweete rellish."

=Utha.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 57. 1894.

Spoken of by Joseph Wood, Windom, Minnesota, as a hardy but almost worthless fruit; unproductive.

=Van Gaasbeck.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 67. 1875.

A seedling cherry of extrordinary keeping quality exhibited by W. Van Gaasbeck, Hudson, New York. The fruit is of medium size with firm, sweet flesh.

=Vanskike.= Species? =1.= _Trans. Cal. Agr. Soc._ 472. 1873.

A flesh-colored cherry listed as being cultivated successfully in California.

=Vaughn.= Species? 1. _Can. Exp. Farm. Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:62. 1900.

Listed as medium in growth; fruit not described.

=Velser.= _P. avium X P. cerasus._ =1.= Krünitz _Enc._ 54, 55. 1790. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 394-398. 1819.

_Prague Tardif (Muscadét de)._ =3.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36, 42. 1771.

_Wanfrieder Weichsel._ =4.= Christ _Handb._ 672. 1797.

_Douce de Palatinat._ =5.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:270. 1854.

_Pfälzer Süssweichsel._ =6.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:49. 1858.

_Cerise du Palatinat._ =7.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:153, 154, fig. 75. 1866-73.

Tree of medium growth; branches long, straight; fruit above medium in size, obtuse-cordate, distinguishing it from other dark Dukes, compressed; suture distinct; stem long; color dark red; flesh colored, fibrous, juicy, sweet with a pleasing subacid flavor; stone small, broad, cordate, adhering to both stem and flesh.

=Very Large Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 53. 1831.

Mentioned in this reference.

=Vesta.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 262. 1892. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 150. 1895.

Vesta is a seedling of Napoleon which originated with C. E. Hoskins, Newberg, Oregon; fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate, very dark; flesh firm, sweet; quality good; ripens the middle of June.

=Vilna Sweet.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 330. 1885. =2.= _Wash. Sta. Bul._ =92=:31. 1910.

Vilna Sweet was imported by Professor J. L. Budd from Vilna, Russia. This variety shows much promise in the West as a local sort but is too tender to ship. Tree of medium size, upright, very hardy, free from diseases; fruit large, roundish to oblong, compressed; stem long, slender; cavity rather deep, narrow, often lipped on the side showing a suture; color red, often entirely covering the yellow ground; flesh whitish, tinged with pink, tender but meaty, sprightly, subacid becoming sweet; pit free, large, ovate, plump, smooth; ripens the middle of July hanging to the tree until the last of August.

=Violet.= _P. cerasus._

According to a letter from H. Back & Sons, New Trenton, Indiana, Violet resembles English Morello but is more round and not as acid.

=Virginia May Duke.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 220. 1854. =2.= Hooper _W. Fr. Book 269._ 1857.

A small, cordate, bright red, second rate Mazzard cherry.

=Vistula.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 149. 1896.

Mentioned as planted and as having been killed by the winter.

=Voronezh No. 27.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 76. 1890.

A promising, vigorous variety imported under this number from Voronezh, Russia; Fruit very large, bright red, round, somewhat flattened; flesh juicy, subacid; pit small. season very late.

=Wabash.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 41. 1895.

Wabash was introduced by Samuel Kinsey, Kinsey, Ohio, the original tree having stood since 1848 on the grounds of Mrs. Ellen Pawlings, Wabash, Indiana. Fruit borne singly, of the Morello type, roundish-oblate, above medium in size, surface smooth; cavity large, wide, deep, flaring; stem long, slender, curved; suture a shallow line; skin thin, tough, glossy, bright crimson turning to dark red; dots very small, indented; flesh yellowish, veined, translucent, tender, melting, subacid, rich; quality very good; season a week later than Early Richmond.

=Wachampa.= _P. pumila × P. triflora._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =130=:181. 1911.

Wachampa is a cross between the Sand Cherry and the Occident plum. Fruit an inch to an inch and one quarter in diameter; skin bitter, dark purple; flesh and juice dark purple.

=Wagner.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Wash. Sta. Bul._ =92=:31. 1910.

Tree upright, round-topped, with long branches; fruit medium to large, roundish-oblate; stem short, stout; skin thin, tender, dark red; flesh yellow, meaty, melting, sweet, with a slight acidity; quality good; ripens the middle of July.

=Warner.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =10=:247. 1859.

Warner is a supposed seedling of American Amber grown by Mathew G. Warner, Rochester, New York; fruit amber to very dark red where exposed; stem long, slender; flesh firm, juicy, sweet; ripens late in July.

=Warren Transparent.= Species? =1.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 237. 1849.

Originated with a Mr. Warren, Brighton, Massachusetts. Fruit roundish-cordate; skin pale yellow and red; flesh very tender, transparent; ripens early in July.

=Washington Purple.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:162. 1882.

Listed without a description.

=Waterhouse.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 25. 1894.

This variety was originated by Dr. Warren Waterhouse, 1873, of Monmouth, Oregon. Fruit of the Bigarreau class, large, compressed, heart-shaped; cavity large, round; stem long, slender; suture a line; skin firm, smooth, glistening, yellowish-white with a bright red cheek, often nearly solid red; dots numerous, very small; flesh whitish, tinged yellow, firm, juicy, vinous, sprightly; quality very good.

=Weeping.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:153. 1832.

_Weeping or Pendulous Morello._ =2.= Fish _Hardy-Fr. Bk._ =2=:106. 1882.

Under the name Weeping are included many varieties with a drooping or pendulant habit and mostly of ornamental value only. This variety, listed by Prince, although much like Toussaint, has branches more pendant than those of other weeping cherries. The Weeping or Pendulous Morello of Fish is included here. The head in this variety seldom exceeds four or five feet in diameter, and the slender branches droop on all sides until they trail on the ground; the fruit is of medium size and when fully ripe is of a pleasant acid flavor.

=Weeping Black Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Flor. & Pom._ 16. 1879.

_Trauerknorpelkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:40. 1858.

_Bigarreau pleureur._ =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 23. 1876.

One of the earliest black Bigarreaus. It differs from other sorts of its class in the weeping habit of the tree; very ornamental.

=Weeping Napoleon.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 53. 1871.

A seedling of Napoleon introduced by a Mr. Dougall, Windsor, Ontario. If budded high the branches are pendulous, which, with the large, dark fruit, makes a handsome ornamental.

=Weis, Roth und Rosenfarbig Marmorirte Kramelkirsche.= Species? =1.= _Kraft Pom. Aust._ =1=:3, Tab. 6 fig. 2. 1792.

Flesh white, breaking, firm, with colorless juice, pleasing; ripens the middle of July.

=Weisse Rosenroth Marmorirte Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 280. 1802.

_Weiss und hellroth gefleckte grosse Kramelkirsche._ =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:3, Tab. 6 fig. 1. 1792.

Flesh white, less firm than others of this class; juice colorless; stone yellowish; ripens the middle of July.

=Weisse Mandelkirsche.= Species? =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 58. 1907.

Listed, not described.

=Wellington.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 56. 1831. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 220. 1854.

_Wellington's Weichsel._ =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:60. 1858.

_Griotte de Wellington._ =4.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:307. 1866.

Mentioned by Elliott in 1854 as unworthy of further culture. Bigarreau Wellington, often used as a synonym of Napoleon, should not be mistaken for this Morello of supposedly English origin. Fruit of medium size, cordate; stem long; skin thin, glossy, black; flesh firm, dark red, moderately juicy, pleasant subacid; stone elongated, cordate, free; ripens the middle of July.

=Wendell Mottled.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:494 fig. 1847. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 213. 1854. =3.= Hoffy _N. Am. Pom._ Pl. 1860.

Wendell Mottled was raised from a seed of Yellow Spanish planted in 1840, by Dr. Herman Wendell, Albany, New York. Tree upright, thrifty, bears early and abundantly; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, with a distinct suture; stem long, rather stout, set in a moderately deep cavity; skin dark purplish-red, mottled and streaked, nearly black; flesh deep crimson, firm, crisp, juicy; stone small; ripens the middle of July.

=Wenzlecks Bunte Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mas Pom. Gen._ =11=:162. 1882.

Mentioned in the reference given.

=Werder Early Black.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 169. 1845. =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 53 fig., 54. 1860. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 93. 1866.

_Werdersche Schwarze Allerfrüheste Herzkirsche._ =4.= Christ _Handb._ 683. 1797. =5.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 109-111. 1819.

_Guigne Hâtive de Werder._ =6.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:82, 300. 1866. =7.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:27, 28, fig. 12. 1866-73.

_Bigarreau Werder._ =8.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:251 fig. 1877.

This cherry was received by Truchsess in 1794, from Christ; of unknown origin. Tree strong and upright in growth, very productive; fruit valuable for its earliness, rather large, flattened-cordate, with a deep suture on one side; stem of medium length and thickness, inserted in a rather small cavity; skin thin, rather deep purple changing to purplish-black; flesh deep purple, with abundant colored juice, firm, tender, sweet, yet moderately sprightly and aromatic; quality good; stone large, ovate, flattened at the base; ripens from the last of May to the first of June.

=Werder'sche Bunte Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 382. 1889.

Listed without a description.

=Wheeler.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:87. 1903.

A hardy seedling of English Morello originating with H. J. Wheeler, Carnforth, Iowa.

=White Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =205=:28. 1903.

This variety was received by the Michigan Station from the United States Department of Agriculture in 1895; it is between the Duke and the Morello in type. Tree low, slow in growth; fruit large, light red, slightly darker on one side; flesh tender, juicy, sprightly subacid.

=White French.= Species? =1.= _Pa. Fr. Gr. Soc. Rpt._ 11. 1881.

Spoken of as doing well in Pennsylvania.

=White French Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Barry _Fr. Garden_ 323. 1851. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 74. 1862. =3.= Garvin & Son _Cat._ 18. 1892.

A distinct, rather large cherry listed in the fruit catalog of the American Pomological Society for 1862. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit creamy-white; flesh tender, melting, juicy, sweet; ripens the middle of July.

=White Gean.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 50. 1831.

Listed, not described.

=White Hungarian Gean.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 50. 1831.

A tender-fleshed, obtuse-cordate cherry, amber in color, ripening in July; second quality.

=White Mazzard.= _P. avium._ =1.= Manning _Book of Fruits_ 111. 1838. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:285. 1842. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 171. 1845.

White Mazzard originated with Robert Manning at Salem, Massachusetts, from a seed of White Bigarreau. Downing considered it similar to Black Mazzard, except in color. Tree handsome, upright in growth, productive; fruit of medium size, cordate, of a cream color, with a bright red cheek; not of the finest flavor; ripens late.

=White Spanish.= _P. avium._ =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 572. 1629. =2.= Krünitz _Enc._ 61, 62, 63. 1790. =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 317-320. 1819. =4.= _Ill. Handb._ 127 fig., 128. 1860.

This variety and Yellow Spanish are much alike in appearance yet the best European authorities consider them distinct. Tree healthy, not large, productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate, somewhat compressed; stem long; cavity depressed on the ventral side; color waxy yellow, streaked and dotted with red; flesh yellowish, firm, juicy, sweet, pleasant; ripens late.

=White Tartarian.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:114. 1832. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 178. 1845. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 315. 1884.

_Fraser's White Tartarian._ =4.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 43. 1803.

A variety with this name was grown for many years in America which was finally proved by William Prince to be a sub-variety of the White Heart. Tree vigorous, erect, usually productive; fruit rather small, roundish, inclined to obtuse-cordate; stem long, slender; skin transparent, pale yellow, approaching amber on the exposed cheek; flesh whitish-yellow, nearly tender, juicy, pleasant, brisk subacid becoming sweet; very good in quality; stone large, oval; season early.

=White Transparent.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 56. 1831.

Mentioned in the reference given.

=Wier's Seedlings.=

D. B. Wier, Lacon, Illinois, disseminated several seedlings which he selected from a large number originated by him.

=Wier No. 2.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =49=:453. 1890. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Sp. Rpt._ 37. 1904-05.

This cherry is said to be a seedling of Early Richmond but of the Morello type. Tree medium to large, upright-spreading, fruiting regularly; fruit of medium size, oblate-conic; cavity shallow, broad; stem short; suture slight; color dark red; flesh firm, meaty, dark red, mildly subacid; quality fair; stone oval; precedes Early Richmond.

=Wier No. 11.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Sp. Rpt._ 37. 1904-05.

Tree upright, productive, hardy; fruit cordate, black; juice dark, sweeter than many of the sour sorts; ripens earlier than Northwest and Early Richmond.

=Wier No. 12.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:88. 1903.

Sometimes listed as Wier, being one of the best of Mr. Wier's seedlings but only moderately productive. Tree of medium size, slightly spreading; fruit of medium size, elongated-cordate; cavity rather deep and broad; stem stout, rather long; suture obscure; skin thick, tender, dark red; flesh firm, crisp, with slightly colored juice, sprightly subacid; quality fair; stone large, oval; season from July 12th to 20th; the latest of the Wier seedlings.

=Wier No. 13.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Kan. Sta. Bul._ =73=:190. 1897.

Tree upright, with scant foliage; fruit of medium size; skin dark red, tough; flesh slightly colored, mild; precedes Early Richmond; of no value.

=Wier No. 19.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Kan. Sta. Bul._ =73=:190. 1897.

Fruit of medium size, oval, dark red; worthless.

=Wier No. 24.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:88. 1903.

Tree medium in growth, upright-spreading; fruit conical, cordate, of medium size; cavity shallow; stem of medium length; suture indistinct; skin smooth, dark red; flesh firm, light yellow, juicy, sprightly subacid; quality fair; stone almost spherical, smooth; ripens the middle of June; not worthy of further trial.

=Wier No. 44.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:88. 1903. =2.= Am. Pom. Soc. Sp. Rpt. 38. 1904-05.

Tree medium in growth, upright-spreading; fruit small to medium, oblate; cavity shallow; stem short; skin thin, tender, light red; flesh tender, juicy, acid; good; season late June; less productive than No. 2.

=Wild Ross-shire.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 57. 1831.

A small, wild, round, red fruit with juicy flesh, ripening in July; allied to the Kentish.

=Wilde Bunte Marmorkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:38. 1858.

Distinguished from the Wild Red Bird cherry by its firmer flesh and later ripening. It grows wild and is sometimes cultivated along the highways; ripens the middle of August.

=Wilhelmine Kleindienst.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20. 1876.

Of German origin; vigorous and productive; fruit large, brilliant reddish-brown; flesh firm, agreeably sweet; ripens the middle of July.

=Wilkinson.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:284. 1842. =2.= Barry _Fr. Garden_ 323. 1851. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 476. 1869.

Wilkinson is thought by Hovey to be a native of Rhode Island. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, resembling Black Heart but is more sprightly; ripens the middle of July.

=Willamette.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 127. 1875. =2.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 290. 1889. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:62. 1900. 4. _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 192. 1907.

Willamette originated with Seth Lewelling, Milwaukee, Oregon, from a seed of Napoleon. Tree strong in growth; fruit large, light red; flesh whitish, firm, juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavor; ripens in the Northwest in late June.

=Willis Early.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 465. 1900. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:62. 1900.

Tree vigorous in growth; fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate; skin yellow, mottled with red; flesh yellowish-white, juicy, tender, sweet; ripens early in May.

=Willow-Leaved.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:141. 1832.

_May Duke, Willow-leaved._ =2.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 53. 1831.

_Griottier à feuilles de Pêcher._ =3.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 280. 1832.

_Weidenblättrige Süssweichsel._ =4.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:47. 1858.

_Cerisier de Hollande à feuilles de saule ou de balsamine._ =5.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:505. 1860.

_Griottier à feuilles de Saule._ =6.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:287 fig., 288. 1877.

_Cerisier à Feuilles de Saule._ =7.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.

The Willow-Leaved cherry seems to have originated in Holland and has been known since the middle of the Eighteenth Century. It differs from May Duke in the size and the shape of the foliage. It is not only cultivated for its singular foliage but also for its fine fruit. If the tree grows rapidly the leaves are said to assume normal shape.

=Winkler Black.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:62. 1900.

_Wincklers schwarze Knorpelkirsche._ =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 206, 676. 1819.

_Winkler's schwarze Herzkirsche._ =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:35. 1858.

_Bigarreau noir Winkler._ =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:231 fig. 1877.

This is a seedling from Guben, Prussia, Germany. Fruit borne in pairs of medium size, broad, obtuse-cordate, compressed; suture indistinct; skin dark red; flesh pale red, firm, aromatic, subacid, pleasing; pit rather large, oval; ripens early in July; not very productive.

=Winter Schwarze.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 57. 1831.

Listed without a description.

=Wohltragende Holländische Kirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 591-593. 1819. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 382. 1889.

_Grosse wohltragende holländische Morellè._ =3.= Christ _Wörterb._ 288. 1802.

Fruit large, sides unequally compressed; suture indistinct; stem medium in length, set in a large cavity; skin tough, dark brown when ripe; flesh fibrous, clear red, darker near the stone, with colored juice, pleasingly sour; stone long, colored; ripens late in July.

=Yan.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =61=:577 fig. 235. 1902. =2.= _Wash. Sta. Bul._ =92=:32. 1910.

Yan is a seedling grown by Seth Lewelling of Milwaukee, Oregon; named for a faithful Chinese workman. Fruit large, roundish-cordate, with a distinct suture on one side; stem long, stout; skin tough, dark purplish-red; flesh streaked and flecked with light red, firm, juicy, mild subacid; very late; productive.

=Yellow Glass.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =19=:551. 1892. =2.= _Ibid._ =73=:89. 1903. =3.= _Wash. Sta. Bul._ =92=:32. 1910.

Yellow Glass was introduced from North Silesia by Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa. Tree large, upright, with abundant foliage; fruit medium to above in size, roundish-cordate; cavity deep; stem long; suture a line; skin thin, tough, light lemon in color; flesh firm, yellow, meaty, sweet, with colorless juice; quality good; stone large, round, clinging.

=Young Large Black Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Pioneer Nur. Cat._ 16. 1905-06.

Merely listed in the reference given.

=Yuksa.= _P. pumila × P. armeniaca._ 1. _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =108=:1908.

Yuksa is noted in the reference as a cross between the Sand Cherry and the New Large Apricot.

=Zimmtkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:64. 1858.

Fruit medium in size, round, flattened at the stem, without a suture; cavity deep; stem long; skin thin, dark red almost black; flesh aromatic, subacid; stone oval-pointed.

=Zweifarbige Kirsche.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom Pom._ 382. 1889.

_Bicolor._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.

Listed without a description.

=Zwitterkirsche.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:162. 1882.

Mentioned in this reference.

= Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:35. 1858.

Fruit large, elongated, sides strongly compressed; suture shallow; apex depressed; skin reddish-black; flesh very dark red, pleasing, slightly sweet; ripens in late July.

[84] Charles Downing, whose likeness we show in the frontispiece,
was born at Newburgh, New York, July 9, 1802. He spent his life in
the place of his birth, dying January 18, 1885. His parents were
natives of Lexington, Massachusetts, who shortly before the birth
of Charles Downing, the eldest son, came to Newburgh, the father
establishing a shop for the manufacture of wagons, a business
which he soon abandoned to become a nurseryman. Here, in the first
successful nursery established in the region, were trained Charles
and Andrew Downing, receiving under the careful guidance of the
father a knowledge of the business and of fruits which with later
self instruction made them the most distinguished pomologists of
their day. With the death of the father in 1822, before Charles
had obtained his majority, the responsibility of conducting the
business and the support of the family devolved upon him. Andrew
J., the younger brother, in 1834, at the age of 19, united with
Charles in the management of the nursery business under the firm
name of C. & A. J. Downing, a partnership which lasted only until
1839. Charles continued in the nursery business for many years
during which time he became the foremost pomologist in the United
States and eventually, about 1850, sold his holdings to devote
himself to the study of varieties of fruits and the revision of
the _Fruits and Fruit Trees of America._ This great pomological
book was projected and published by Andrew but most of the work of
the book as it is now known was done by Charles in revising the
original and adding to its many editions. It is and has long been,
as all know, the highest authority on American fruits. Naturally
of an inquiring turn of mind Charles Downing studied closely the
qualities of the varieties that came under his observation and
seldom described without the fruit in hand. His variety orchard is
said to have contained at one time 1,800 varieties of apples and
1,000 pears with lesser numbers of the other fruits. A few trees of
this wonderful collection still stand. Charles Downing was one of
the most modest and retiring of men, in his younger days delighting
in the things of which his brother wrote and seldom putting pen
to paper until after his brother's death when he became a regular
contributor to horticultural publications over the signature "C.
D." He was never known to make a public speech. He earned his high
distinction in American pomology by his accurate and conscientious
descriptions and discussions of varieties of fruits.

[85] Andrew Jackson Downing was born in Newburgh on the Hudson,
the town in which he always lived and which he loved, October 30,
1815. He perished while trying to save other passengers in the
burning of the steamer _Henry Clay_ on the Hudson River, July 28,
1852, at the age of 37. Andrew Downing's education was largely
acquired from self instruction although he attended the schools
of his native town and the academy in the adjoining village of
Montgomery. His father, a nurseryman, whose work was mentioned
in the sketch of Charles Downing, elder brother of Andrew, gave
the younger son every opportunity to cultivate an early developed
taste for horticulture, botany and the natural sciences. When but a
youth he joined his brother Charles as partner in a nursery firm, a
relationship maintained for but a few years and which he severed to
begin a career as a writer on landscape gardening and pomological
subjects. His first publication was a _Treatise on the Theory and
Practice of Landscape Gardening adapted to North America, with a
view to the Improvement of Country Residences, with Remarks on
Rural Architecture_, a book published in 1841, the author being but
26 years of age. The work passed into instant popularity and is the
word of authority which has told thousands of Americans what to do
to make their grounds beautiful. Within a few months so great was
the success of the first venture that in response to the demand
he published his _Cottage Residences, a_ companion book which was
received with equal favor, thus giving Andrew Downing first rank
as an authority on rural art. In 1845 the _Fruits and Fruit Trees
of America_, then and now the chief pomological authority of this
continent, was printed simultaneously in London and New York, a
second edition coming out in 1850. In 1846 Andrew Downing became
the founder and editor of the _Horticulturist_, which he continued
to publish until his death. In 1849 he wrote _Additional Notes and
Hints about Building in the Country_, published in Wightwick's
_Hints to Young Architects._ The summer of 1850 was spent in
England in the study of landscape gardening and rural architecture
from the result of which came his _Architecture of Country Houses._
His last work was the editing of Mrs. Loudon's _Landscape Gardening
for Ladies_ though _Rural Essays_ appeared after his death as a
collection of his writings with a memoir by George William Curtis
and a _Letter to his Friends_ by Frederika Bremer. He was employed
in planting the public grounds of the Capitol, the White House and
the Smithsonian Institution at Washington when he met his untimely
death. Downing is the creator of American landscape gardening
and shares with his brother Charles the honor of being the most
distinguished pomologist of the country. In the epoch-making
_Fruits and Fruit Trees of America_ Andrew Downing was the real
genius, Charles Downing the conscientious and painstaking student
who worked out the details.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES, WITH ABBREVIATIONS USED

The list of books which follows contains all American pomological works in which the cherry is discussed at any length. Only such European books are listed, however, as were found useful in writing _The Cherries of New York_. Only periodicals are listed to which references are made in the text of the book. The reports and bulletins of experiment stations and horticultural societies are not included since the abbreviations used for such publications will be recognized by all.

Am. Gard.

American Gardening. An Illustrated Journal of Horticulture and Gardener's Chronicle. New York: 1892-1904. Copyright, 1903. (Before its union with Popular Gardening in 1892, the publication was known as The American Garden. Both Popular Gardening and The American Garden resulted from the union or absorption of several other horticultural periodicals.)

Am. Gard. Mag.

The American Gardener's Magazine, and Register of Useful Discoveries and Improvements in Horticulture and Rural Affairs. See Mag. Hort.

Am. Hort. An.

American Horticultural Annual. A Yearbook of Horticultural Progress for the Professional and Amateur Gardener, Fruit-grower, and Florist. (_Illustrated_.) New York: 1867. Copyright, 1867. New edition. New York: 1870. Copyright, 1869.

Am. Jour. Hort.

The American Journal of Horticulture and Florist's Companion. (_Illustrated._) Volumes 1-5. Boston: 1867-1896. Copyrights, 1867-1869. Continued as Tilton's Journal of Horticulture and Floral Magazine. (_Illustrated._) Volumes 6-9. Boston: 1869-71. Copyrights, 1869-1871.

Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt.

Proceedings of the American Pomological Society. Issued usually biennially from 1850 to date. First published as the Proceedings of the National Convention of Fruit Growers in 1848.

Ann. Hort.

Annals of Horticulture and yearbook of information on practical gardening. 5 Volumes. London: 1846-1850.

Ann. Pom. Belge

Annales de Pomologie Belge et Étrangère; publiées par la Commission royale de Pomologie Instituée par S. M. le Roi des Belges. (_Illustré._) 8 Tomes. Bruxelles: 1853-1860.

Bailey, Ann. Hort.

Annals of Horticulture in North America for the Years 1889-1893. A Witness of Passing Events and a Record of Progress. By L. H. Bailey. New York: 1890-1894. Copyrights, 1889, 1891-1894.

Bailey, Cyc. Hort.

Cyclopedia of American Horticulture Comprising Suggestions for Cultivation of Horticultural Plants, Descriptions of the Species of Fruits, Vegetables, Flowers and Ornamental Plants Sold in the United States and Canada, Together with Geographical and Biographical Sketches. By L. H. Bailey, assisted by Wilhelm Miller. (_Illustrated._) In Four Volumes. New York: 1900-1902. Copyrights, 1900-1902.

Bailey, Ev. Nat. Fruits

Sketch of the Evolution of our Native Fruits. By L. H. Bailey. (_Illustrated._) New York: 1898. Copyright, 1898.

Bailey, Sur. Unlike

The Survival of the Unlike. A Collection of Evolution Essays Suggested by the Study of Domestic Plants. By L. H. Bailey. (_Illustrated._) Fifth Edition. New York: 1906. Copyright, 1896.

Baltet, Cult. Fr.

Traité de la Culture Fruitière Commerciale et Bourgeoise. Par Charles Baltet. (_Illustré._) Quatrième Édition. Paris: 1908.

Barry, Fr. Garden

The Fruit Garden. By P. Barry. (_Illustrated._) New York: 1852. Copyright, 1851. Revised Edition, 1896. Copyright, 1883.

Bradley, Gard.

New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical. In three parts. By Richard Bradley. (_Illustrated._) Seventh Edition with Appendix. London: 1739.

Bridgeman, Gard. Ass't

The Young Gardener's Assistant, in three parts. By Thomas Bridgeman. New Edition, with an Appendix. New York: 1857. Copyright, 1847.

Brookshaw, Hort. Reposit.

The Horticultural Repository, containing Delineations of the best Varieties of the Different Species of English Fruits. By George Brookshaw. (_Illustrated._) In Two Volumes. London: 1823.

Budd-Hansen, Am. Hort. Man.