Chapter V: The Minor Varieties of Cherries (5)

Jahn, in his _Handbuch_, calls attention to the error in calling this variety Bigarreau Hâtif de Bale as it is not a Bigarreau but a variegated Heart. Fruit compressed unevenly giving it a cordate appearance, small; suture shallow; apex slightly depressed; stem long, slender, set in a shallow cavity; skin thin, bright yellow washed with pale red, mottled and streaked; flesh pale yellow, soft, with abundant, uncolored juice, pleasing but not high in quality; stone large, roundish, slightly pointed; ripens the middle of July.

=Kirchheimer.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 290. 1802. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 549. 1901.

_Kirchheimer Weichsel._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 580-583. 1819. =4.= _Ill. Handb._ 85 fig., 86. 1867.

This old cherry is from Kirchheim, Erfurt, Prussia, Germany. It is propagated by root cuttings and is used for wine and for canning. It is mentioned as growing in British Columbia but is otherwise not spoken of by American writers. Tree large, vigorous, drooping; fruit of medium size, round; suture a line; stem long, slender, shallowly inserted; skin thin, glossy, almost black when ripe; flesh mild subacid, pleasing, juicy; stone small, oval, turgid; ripens at the end of July.

=Kirtland Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Horticulturist_ =22=:292, 293 fig. 1867.

_Kirtland's Large Morello_. =2.= _Horticulturist_ N. S. =3=:123. 1853.

_Large Morello._ =3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 210. 1854.

A seedling originated by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio; it thrives in sections of the south and west where Sweet Cherries are generally unsuccessful. Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit uniformly distributed, borne in pairs, large, uniform, roundish; stem short; cavity round, narrow; skin glossy, dark red; flesh tender, juicy, acid; high quality; pit small; ripens early in July.

=Kleindienst Braune Knorpel.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 365. 1889.

_Bigarreau Brun Kleindienst._ =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:184, 185 fig. 1877.

Leroy, in 1866, stated that this variety was raised from seed by M. Kleindienst, a vineyardist at Guben, Prussia, Germany. Tree moderately productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, large, cordate, flattened; stem long, moderately stout; skin vivid red, changing from grayish-red to almost black; flesh of a whitish-rose color, firm, filamentose, juicy, sugary, acidulated, aromatic; first quality; pit large, ovoid; ripens the last of June.

=Kleine Amarelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 644-646. 1819.

Truchsess states that this variety was described by Büttner in 1797, as Kleine Glaskirsche but that it belongs to the Amarelles. Tree productive; fruit small, globular, pale reddish-yellow; flesh melting, watery; ripens the middle of July.

=Kleine Bunte Frühkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 248-251. 1819.

_Bigarreau à petit fruit rouge hâtif._ =2.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:166, 167. 1768. =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 47. 1831.

_Bigarreautier à petit fruit rouge._ =4.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 308-310. 1819.

_Bigarreau rouge hâtif (petit)._ =5.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:243 fig., 244. 1877.

_Petit Bigarreau Hâtif_? =6.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:105, 106, fig. 53. 1882.

Fruit of medium size, usually attached in pairs, irregular, cordate, flattened on both faces; stem long, slender; skin almost wholly red, occasionally showing streaks of yellow; flesh yellowish, firm, juicy, aromatic; pit of medium size, ovoid; ripens about the middle of June.

=Kleine Bunte Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 219-222. 1819.

_Kleine bunte Molkenkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:28. 1858.

Fruit small, nearly round, sides compressed; suture distinct; stem long, slender, deeply inserted; skin dull blood-red, with yellow spots; flesh tender, pale yellow, juicy, honey sweet; stone small; ripens at the end of June.

=Kleine Frühe Amarelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 650-652. 1819.

Fruit small, round, flattened; stem short; suture a line; skin clear red, transparent, tender; flesh tender, pleasant subacid; stone small, adhering more to the stem than to the flesh; ripens the last half of July.

=Kleine Natte.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 365. 1889.

Listed in the reference given.

=Kleine Nonnenkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ 1. Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_ 585-588. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:65, 66. 1858.

This variety is a seedling of the common wild Sour Cherry. The fruit is the smallest of the Sour Cherries and resembles the black Bird cherries but has a shorter stem. Tree of medium size, drooping; fruit very small, oblate; stem short, shallowly inserted; skin glossy, black, thin but tough; flesh firm, tender, juicy, with a peculiar sourness; stone small, round, adhering to the flesh more than to the stem, stained violet; ripens early in August continuing for three weeks.

=Kleine Schwarze Frühe Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 155, 156. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:20. 1858.

No doubt this variety, the Kleine Schwarze Herzkirsche, and the Black Heart greatly resemble each other and some writers combine them.

=Kleine Schwarze Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 275. 1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 148, 149. 1819.

_Mayer's kleine schwarze Herzkirsche._ =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:22. 1858.

This variety is distinguished from the Grosse Schwarze Herzkirsche only through its size and later ripening; fruit regular, cordate, somewhat flattened; skin brownish-black; flesh soft, tender; ripens the latter part of July.

=Kleine Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 277. 1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 195-197, 674. 1819.

Distinguished from others of its class through its smallness and firmness. Fruit small, variable, flattened at the ends; suture often lacking; skin very dark brown; flesh firm, dark red, juicy, not unpleasant but not excellent; stone small; ripens early in August; productive.

=Kleine Weisse Frühkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 256-258. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:27. 1858.

Described as one of the first to ripen. Fruit of medium size, oblate, compressed; stem long, inserted in a shallow basin; skin tough, yellowish-white, shaded with red; flesh tender, juicy, sweet; ripens early in June.

=Kleiner Früher May Herzkirschbaum.= _P. avium._ =1.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:1, Tab. 2 fig. 1. 1792.

Distinguished from the Grosser Früher Mai-Herzkirschbaum by its inferior size and lighter flesh and juice; ripens at the end of May.

=Knapp.= Species? =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 290. 1889.

This cherry is a seedling from George Knapp, Lafayette, Oregon; introduced by E. R. Poppleton, 1885; fruit of medium size, round, black.

=Knight Late Black.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 52. 1831. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:204. 1843.

_Bigarreau-noir de Knight._ =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 190. 1876.

Fruit large, black, obtuse-cordate, firm; second quality; ripens at the end of July.

=Knudson.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._

According to a letter from the Utah Experiment Station, this variety was discovered by William O. Knudson, Brigham City, Utah, in 1896. Although similar to Late Duke, further testing may prove it distinct. Tree bears early, hardy; fruit medium to large, bright scarlet; ripens over a long period; used for pies and canning.

=Knyasnaia Sjevera.= _P. cerasus × P. avium._ =1.= _S. P. I. Bul._ =72=:519. 1912. =2.= _Ibid._ =73=:536 Pl. 1912.

This is a large-fruited cherry, originated in 1888 by the Russian plant-breeder, I. V. Mijurin, at Kozlov, Central Russia, and named "Knyasnaia Sjevera," meaning "Queen of the North." The United States Department of Agriculture introduced it into this country under the number 32674. It is claimed to be a hybrid between an early Vladimir and a variety of Sweet Cherry called "White Winkler." It possesses excellent shipping and keeping qualities. This cherry has stood the severe winters of Central Russia very well and may be expected to thrive in parts of the Middle West and where the climate is more or less semi-arid. Tree vigorous, upright, with few side branches; trunk smooth and clean; fruit large, pale red, with a fresh sour-sweet flavor; ripening about the end of June.

=Koch Späte Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:38. 1858. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 365. 1889.

Originated about 1851. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate; suture shallow; stem medium long, shallowly inserted; skin glossy, black; flesh firm, piquant; quality high; stone small, roundish-oval; ripens at the end of August.

=Kochs Ostheimer Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 59. 1907.

_Kochs verbesserte Ostheimer Weichsel._ =2.= _Reut. Pom. Inst. Festschrift_ 122. 1910.

A strong-growing, productive variety, said to exceed its parent, Ostheim, in size, color, and flavor.

=Koeper.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 341. 1893.

Listed in the reference given.

=Kolaki.= _P. avium._ 1. Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:29, 30, fig. 15. 1882.

According to Oberdieck, this variety is of Bohemian origin. Fruit of medium size, cordate, slightly elongated; apex obtuse; suture distinct; stem medium long, slender, set in a narrow, shallow cavity; skin moderately firm, transparent, yellow in the sun, purplish in the shade; flesh tinged yellow, tender, juicy, somewhat sugary; first quality; pit small, oval, flattened at the base, obtuse at the apex; ripens the first of June.

=Korkovanyer Kirsche.= Species? =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 56. 1907.

Listed but not described.

=Koslov.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:278. 1903.

_Koslov bush Morello._ =2.= _Can. Hort._ =12=:216, fig. 58, 218. 1889.

_Koslov-Morello._ =3.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:128. 1900.

The Koslov cherries are seedlings, not a single variety. A number of seedlings were imported by the Ontario Fruit Growers' Association in 1889, from Koslov, Crimea, Russia, where they were grown by Russian peasants, being propagated from pits. The trees are low, bush-shaped, slow in coming into bearing and most of the fruit is worthless. The one most grown is moderately large, roundish, pointed at the apex; suture barely traceable; stem long, set in a slight depression; skin dark red, turning black; flesh dark red, tender, juicy, acid; ripens from the last of July to the last of August.

=Kostelnice.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:19, 20, fig. 10. 1882.

Originated in Neustadt, Prussia, Germany. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit medium to below in size, obtuse-cordate; stem short, set in a straight, rather deep cavity; skin tough, vivid purple changing to almost black; flesh tender, juicy, vinous, agreeably acidulated; good; stone very small, ovoid, turgid; ripens early in June.

=Kostelniti.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.

Listed in the reference given.

=Kriek van den Broek.= Species? =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 165, 166. 1819.

This variety, coming to Truchsess in 1808, from Holland, was confused with several others received at the same time.

=Kritzendorfer Einsiedekirsche.= Species? =1.= _Obstzüchter_ =8=:52. 1910.

An intensely black, large, late cherry which is valued for market because of its color.

=Kronberger Kirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 274. 1802.

_Kronkirsche._ =2.= Christ _Handb._ 663. 1797.

_Kronberg Black Heart._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 124-126. 1819. =4.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:203. 1843.

_Kronberger Herzkirsche._ =5.= _Lond. Hort. Soc._ Cat. 48. 1831.

_Wildling von Kronberg._ =6.= Ill. _Handb._ 29 fig., 30. 1867.

_Bigarreau de Kronberg._ =7.= _Guide Prat._ 15, 182. 1895.

According to German pomologists, this variety was raised from seed at Kronberg, Prussia, Germany. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate, sides unevenly compressed; suture indistinct; stem long, stout, set in a shallow cavity; skin tough, glossy, black when mature, lighter along the suture; flesh firmer than others of its class, dark red, aromatic, sweet; pit broadly cordate, somewhat adherent; ripens at the end of June.

=Kronprinz von Hannover.= _P. avium._ =1.= Ill. _Handb._ 479 fig., 480. 1861.

_Prince Royal du Hanovre._ =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:302. 1866.

_Bigarreau Prince Royal de Hanovre._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:232 fig. 1877.

_Prince de Hanovre._ =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:43, 44, fig. 22. 1882.

Grown by M. Lieke, a nurseryman at Hildesheim, Prussia, Germany, fruiting for the first time in 1854. Tree moderately vigorous, productive; fruit large, usually attached in pairs, roundish to pointed-cordate; suture shallow; stem long, slender, inserted in a rather deep cavity; skin rather tender, glossy, yellowish, streaked and mottled with red; flesh firm, yellowish, juicy, pleasingly acidulated; pit medium large, ovate, plump; ripens early in June.

=Krüger Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Ill. _Handb._ 67 fig., 68. 1860.

_Krügers schwarze Herzkirsche._ =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 161, 162. 1819.

_Krügers Herzkirsche zu Frankfurt._ =3.= Lond. _Hort. Soc. Cat._ 52. 1831.

_Guigne de Kruger._ =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18, 198. 1876. =5.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11:=77, 78, fig. 39. 1882.

This cherry was first heard of at Guben, Prussia, Germany, in 1810. It is distinguished from Eagle in being larger, shorter stemmed, lighter in color, and less tender in flesh. Tree vigorous, productive, upright; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, oblate; suture shallow; stem medium long, rather deeply inserted; skin dark brown or black; flesh dark red, juicy, vinous, tender, yet often firm; stone small, roundish-oval, plump, adhering slightly to the flesh on one side; ripens about the middle of July.

=La Nappe.= Species? =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 59. 1907.

Listed in this reference.

=Lacure (Large).= _P. avium._ =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 572. 1629.

"The great Lacure or Hart Cherrie differeth not in forme, but in greatnesse, being usually twice as great as the former [Lacure (Small)], and of a reddish blacke colour also: both of them are of a firme substance, and reasonable sweete. Some doe call the white cherrie, the White hart cherrie."

=Lacure= (=Small=). _P. avium._ =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 572. 1629.

"The smaller Lacure or Hart Cherrie is a reasonable faire Cherrie, full above, and a little pointing downward, after the fashion of a heart, as it is usually pointed, blackish when it is full ripe, and lesser than the next" [Lacure (Large)].

=Ladé Late.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:60. 1900.

_Von Lade's Späte Knorpelkirsche._ =2.= Lauche _Ergänzungsband_ 605. 1883.

_Bigarreau Tardif de Ladé._ =3.= _Guide Prat._ 15, 184. 1895.

A German variety probably raised from seed by M. Ladé. Fruit of medium size, long, cordate, compressed at the stem, roundish at the apex; suture indistinct; stem long, thin, slightly curved; cavity shallow; skin yellowish overspread with glossy light red, darker in the sun, faintly streaked; flesh firm, yellowish, sweet, vinous; excellent; stone long, oval; ripens in September lasting a month; productive.

=Lady of the Lake.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Country Gent._ =28=:398. 1866-67. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 467. 1869.

Lady of the Lake is a seedling from Charles Pease, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree vigorous, upright-spreading, productive; fruit medium to large, roundish-obtuse-conic, compressed, with a shallow suture; stem medium, inserted in a deep cavity; skin light yellow, shaded and mottled with bright crimson; flesh half-tender, pale yellow, juicy, sweet, rich; season according to the climate, early May to late June.

=Lady Southampton.= _P. avium._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 69, 85. 1866.

_Lady Southampton's Yellow. =2.= Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 53. 1831. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 187. 1845.

According to the reference, this is an almost worthless yellow Bigarreau. Fruit of medium size, heart-shaped; skin yellow; flesh pale, firm, rather dry, with uncolored juice, season the middle of July.

=Laeder Kirsebaer.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 53. 1831.

Mentioned but not described.

=Lake.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 26. 1909.

Lake was named in honor of Professor E. R. Lake, then of the Oregon Agricultural College, by the originator, C. E. Hoskins, Springbrook, Oregon. The tree came into bearing about 1892 and is reported in the American Pomological Society's fruit list of 1909 as succeeding well in the northwest. Fruit large, sweet, and very good.

=Laker= or =Loker Bunte Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.

Listed in the reference given.

=Lamaurie.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =177=:31. 1899.

_Early Lamaurie._ =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 461. 1869. =3.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 286, 291. 1889.

The chief asset of this variety is its earliness for which it is cultivated in England, France and America. The parentage and originator are unknown. Tree of medium vigor and productiveness; fruit large, roundish-cordate, compressed; stem slender; skin thin, moderately tough; color dark reddish-purple; flesh dark red, juicy, stringy, tender, mild, sweet; of very good quality; season very early.

=Lampen Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 204, 205, 676. 1819.

_Lampers Knorpel-Kirsche._ =2.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 53. 1831.

_Bigarreau noir de Lampé._ =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:302. 1866. =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 190. 1876. =5.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:226 fig., 227, 352. 1877.

A German cherry raised from seed at Guben, Prussia, Germany, in 1810, and named for its originator. Fruit above medium in size, attached in twos and threes, obtuse-cordate; stem slender, set in a wide, shallow cavity; skin thin, rather dark reddish-brown; flesh dark red, rather firm, juicy, sugary, wine-like; second quality; pit large, oval; ripens early in June.

=Lancaster.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 163. 1881. =2.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:111. 1900.

Lancaster is an accidental seedling on the grounds of Daniel Smeych, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Tree moderately vigorous, more open and spreading than Early Richmond; fruit medium large, heart-shaped to oblate, slightly roundish; cavity deep, broad; stem long, slender; suture very slight; apex small; skin light red, very thin, tender; flesh white, moderately soft, juicy, sweet with a sprightly flavor; stone roundish, slightly ovate, partially free; season June.

=Langsurer Prachtweichsel.= Species? =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 59. 1907.

Mentioned in this reference.

=Large Black Gean.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 50. 1831.

A medium-sized, firm, black Heart cherry of poor quality, ripening early in July.

=Large Double Flowering.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thacher _Am. Orch._ 217. 1822. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:111. 1832. =3.= Downing Fr. _Trees Am._ 199. 1845.

_Merisziere._ =4.= Rea _Flora_ 20. 1676.

_Merise à Fleur Double._ =5.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:157. 1768. =6.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 53. 1831.

_Kramelkirschenbaum mit gross gefüllter Blüthe._ =7.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:4, Tab. 8. 1792.

_Herzkirschenbaum mit grosse gefüllter Blüthe._ =8.= Christ _Handb._ 668. 1797.

_Süsskirschenbaum mit ganz gefüllter Blüte._ =9.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 363-370. 1819.

_Gefülltblühende Süsskirsche._ =10.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:18. 1858.

This variety in growth and foliage resembles the Mazzard and Black Heart and not the common double-flowering cherry with its small tree and small, pointed leaves. The flowers which appear at the usual season are produced in the most showy profusion being from one to one and one-half inches in diameter; they are composed of about forty white petals disposed in the form of a rose, with about thirty stamens and a large, abortive pistil. The numerous double flowers, resembling clusters of small, white roses, make the tree a very useful ornamental.

=Large Griotte.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:148. 1832.

Large Griotte resembles Griotte Commune but is larger and earlier; skin glossy black; flesh dark red, firm, sweet, pleasing.

=Large Guindolle.= Species? =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:149, 150. 1832.

Leaves are deeply indented, double-toothed; fruit large, flattened at the ends, pale red; flesh white, melting, juicy; ripens at the end of June or beginning of July.

=Large Heart-shaped Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:129. 1832. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 199 fig. 1854.

_Bigarreau Gros Monstrueux._ =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 46. 1831.

_Bigarreau Gros Coeuret._ =4.= _Ibid._ 46. 1831. =5.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 453. 1869.

_Monstrous Heart._ =6.= _Hogg Fruit Man._ 78, 87. 1866.

A variety of French origin which was never extensively grown in America. Tree strong, vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate; suture often raised; stem variable, set in a shallow cavity; skin dark, glossy red, nearly black, surface uneven; flesh firm but tender, reddish, pleasant, moderately juicy; good in quality; stone large, oval; ripens the first of July.

=Large Late Red Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:128, 129. 1832. _Bigarreau à gros Fruit Rouge Tardif._ =2.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 46. 1831.

The fruit is somewhat smaller and much later in maturity than that of the Large Red Bigarreau. The color is dark red on the shaded side and on the other a brownish-red, almost black which has given it the name Black Bigarreau; flesh firm, juicy and of excellent flavor.

=Large Spanish.= Species? =1.= Miller _Gard. Dict._ =1=:1754.

Mentioned in the reference given.

=Laroses Glaskirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 177 fig., 178. 1860.

_Larose._ =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:352 fig., 353. 1877.

This cherry was raised from seed in 1826 by M. Larose, of Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, large, obtuse-cordate; sides compressed; suture shallow; stem medium in length, set in a large, deep cavity; skin glossy, tough, mottled with pale red becoming darker; flesh yellowish, tender, slightly fibrous, juicy, mildly acid; pit rather large, plump, oval, flattened at the base; ripens the last of July.

=Late Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Horticulturist_ =2=:124. 1847-48. =2.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 235. 1849. =3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 199. 1854.

Late Bigarreau was raised in 1842 by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree vigorous, round-topped, very productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, occasionally somewhat angular; stem long; skin attractive yellow, occasionally nearly overspread with crimson-red, delicately blotched or mottled; flesh yellowish, with distinct radiating lines, juicy, firm, crisp, sweet, pleasant; very good in quality; stone rather small, roundish; season late, the same as Downer.

=Late Black Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:130. 1832. =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:112 fig. 25, 113, 114. 1866. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 338. 1889.

This variety differs from Black Bigarreau in being smaller, less heart-shaped, and in ripening later. It was first known as Bigarreau Noir Tardif but Prince, in 1832, at which time he possibly brought it to America, translated the name into English and called it Late Black Bigarreau under which name it is now known in English and American pomologies. Tree large, vigorous, upright, productive; fruit medium to large, cordate; suture indistinct; color dark brownish-red changing to glossy black; flesh purplish-red, with abundant, highly colored juice, very firm, crisp, sweet yet sprightly, aromatic; quality good; ripens in mid-season or later.

=Late Gean.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 50. 1831.

According to the reference, this is a small, black Heart of poor quality ripening early in July.

=Late Large Black Griotte.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:145, 146. 1832.

Worthy of consideration because of its beauty and lateness, often remaining on the tree until October. Tree of medium size; branches numerous, slender; fruit large, roundish; stem very long; skin dark red, nearly black; flesh red, very acid and bitter, somewhat milder at maturity.

=Late Purple Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 69, 85. 1866. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 468. 1869. =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 24. 1876.

A large, dark red, German variety ripening the latter part of July; flesh firm, juicy, agreeable.

=Late Richmond.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:111. 1900. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:73. 1903.

The origin of this variety is uncertain but it seems to have been grown in the Middle West about forty years ago. It is supposed to be a seedling of Early Richmond differing from its parent in ripening later, being of better quality, and more upright in growth. Fruit round, conical; stem thick, moderately long; cavity shallow, broad; skin thin; flesh tender, with abundant, colorless juice, acid; quality good; ripens a week or ten days later than Early Richmond; unproductive.

=Late Ripe.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Gerarde _Herball_ 1504, 1505, fig. 5. 1636.

According to Gerarde, this cherry is similar to the wild English cherry in branches and foliage but the flowers are often doubled; fruit small, round, dark red, often dried with the stems on; used by physicians.

=Late White Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:113. 1832.

Fruit nearly round, with a deep suture; skin whitish or very pale amber, tinged with light red; flesh firm, agreeable; ripens in France in September.

=Latham.= Species? =1.= _Ont. Sta. An. Rpt._ =3=:45. 1896.

Listed as having been grown at the Simcoe Station.

=Laura.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing Fr. _Trees Am._ 468. 1869.

Laura originated with Charles Pease, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree spreading, upright, productive; fruit medium to large, heart-shaped, globular, often one-sided; stem medium, inserted in a shallow depression; skin pale yellow, largely overspread with rich, bright red; flesh white, juicy, sweet, rich, half-tender; pit medium to small; ripens early in June and hangs well.

=Leather Stocking.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 211, 212. 1854.

Leather Stocking was grown by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, in 1842, from a pit of Yellow Spanish. Tree vigorous, hardy, moderately productive; fruit large, heart-shaped, often obtuse; skin faint red becoming a rich reddish-black when fully ripe, with irregular stripes and blotches of black; cavity deep, open; flesh firm, tinged with red, sweet, fair; pit of medium size; season the last of July.

=Leib.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =14=:28. 1872. =2.= _Horticulturist_ =29=:256. 1874. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 163. 1881.

This variety was brought from Germany about 1850 and planted in the garden of a Mr. Leib, Galena, Illinois. It resembles Early Richmond and was claimed to be very productive and hardy at the time of its introduction; it has not been widely disseminated. Tree hardy, healthy, upright in growth, bearing abundantly; fruit of a crimson color, sweet; quality good; season the end of June, following Early Richmond.

=Leitzkauer.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 287. 1802.

_Sauer Einmach_ and _Backkirsche._ =2.= Krünitz _Enc._ 73, 74. 1790.

_Leitzkauer Einmachweichsel._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 567-569. 1819.

No doubt the name of this cherry arises from the cloister, Leitzkau, in Magdeburg, Prussia, Germany, where it is widely planted. It is propagated by root cuttings and if not pruned, grows tall, weak and drooping. Fruit medium to small, roundish; stem long; skin dark brown to glossy black; flesh reddish, juicy, sour; stone small, red; ripens in August; of little value.

=Lemercier.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Hort. Reg._ (Am.) =1=:343, 344. 1835. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:399 fig., 400. 1847. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 85. 1866. =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25. 1876. =5.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:353, 354 fig. 1877.

_Frühe Lemercier._ =6.= _Ill. Handb._ 157 fig., 158. 1860.

Discovered by M. Lemercier in Brabant, Belgium, about 1830; introduced into Paris in 1835 and into America in 1842. It resembles Late Duke with which it ripens. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate; suture shallow; stem long, inserted in a wide, deep cavity; skin glossy, transparent, mottled with red; flesh yellowish before ripe, becoming red, firm but melting, juicy, slightly acidulated, with a peculiar fragrance; stone rather large, roundish, truncate at the base, slightly clinging; ripens the last of July.

=Léopold (II).= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 367. 1889.

Mentioned but not described.

=Leopoldskirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 674. 1797. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 564-566. 1819.

_Griotte de Léopold._ =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 26, 195. 1876.

This variety was received by Truchsess in 1796 from Pastor Winter as Brusseler Bruyn by which name it was called by a few German pomologists. It should not be confused with the present Brusseler Braune. Fruit large, almost round, compressed on one side; skin dark brown changing to nearly black; flesh dark red, juicy, melting, mild when mature; stone almost round; ripens toward the end of July. The drooping branches, the small, sour cherry leaves which turn yellow and drop and the sweetness in flavor separate it from the Grosse Morelle.

=Leschken (Leschke's) Schwarze Knorpel Kirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 367. 1889.

Mentioned in the reference given.

=Lethe.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 40. 1895.

Lethe was grown by C. E. Hoskins, Springbrook, Oregon. Fruit of the Bigarreau type, large, heart-shaped, surface smooth, glossy; cavity medium in size and depth, irregular, flaring, marked by irregular waves; suture shallow; stem very long, slender, curved; skin thin, tenacious, purplish-black; dots minute, indented; flesh very dark purplish-red, firm, meaty, juicy, mild subacid, almost sweet; quality good; pit large, oval, semi-clinging; ripens the last of June in Oregon.

=Liefeld Braune.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 367. 1889.

_Guigne brune de Liefeld._ =2.= _Guide Prat._ 6, 191. 1895.

Tree of medium size, very vigorous and productive; fruit large, cordate, brownish, mottled; flesh red, sweet; of first quality; matures early in June.

=Lieke Bunte Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 61 fig., 62. 1867. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 367. 1889.

_Bigarreau Tardi de Lieke._ =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 21, 190. 1876.

Originated with Herr Lieke of Hildesheim, Prussia, Germany, fruiting for the first time in 1851. The fruit is one of the latest to ripen; large, obtuse-cordate, compressed; stem long, slender, inserted in a rather wide, deep cavity; suture indistinct; skin glossy, tough, yellow, streaked and spotted with a mild red; flesh faintly yellow, firm, sweet with a pleasing sourness; stone small, oval; season late.

=Lincoln (I).= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 468. 1869.

Lincoln is a vigorous, spreading variety, found near Cleveland, Ohio. Fruit large, oblong-cordate, pointed; suture broad, shallow; stem long; cavity deep; skin dark brown when ripe; flesh firm, veined and mottled with shades of red, juicy, sprightly, sweet, pleasant; pit above medium in size; season the first to the middle of July.

=Lincoln (II).= P. _avium._ =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 289. 1889. =2.= _Wash. Sta. Bul._ =92=:29. 1910.

Seth Lewelling of Milwaukee, Oregon, raised this variety in 1865 probably from a seed of Eagle. Tree large, spreading, with an open top, seriously affected with black aphis; fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate; skin very dark, thick, tough; stem short; flesh firm, deep red, juicy; good quality; pit small, round.

=Lindley.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 211. 1854.

Lindley was raised by Professor J. P. Kirtland from seeds given him by M. Lindley, Euclid, Ohio. Tree vigorous, moderately prolific; fruit large, heart-shaped, surface uneven; skin dark purplish-red; flesh almost firm, tinged red, juicy, deficient in richness; season the first of July.

=Lipp.= _P. avium._ =1.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ ==2:279. 1903.

_Lipp Late Blood._ =2.= Green _Cat._ 29. 1906.

Lipp originated in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Fruit large, dark red or crimson; stem long; flesh and juice very dark, meaty; late.

=Litham.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Stone & Wellington _Cat._ 33. 1907.

This is a Russian cherry introduced by Stone & Wellington, Toronto, Ontario. Fruit of medium size; color red; flesh firm.

=Little Phil.= Species? =1.= _Wyo. Sta. Bul._ =34=:129. 1897.

Mentioned as not hardy in Wyoming.

=Logan.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 200 fig. 1854. =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 24, 201. 1876.

Logan is another of Professor J. P. Kirtland's cherries originating in 1842 from a pit of Yellow Spanish. Tree hardly healthy, somewhat spreading; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, with a shallow depression at the apex; stem variable, set in a deep cavity; skin purplish-black when ripe; flesh firm, dark red, with white, radiating lines, juicy, sweet, rich; pit above medium in size, oval; mid-season.

=Long Finger.= Species? =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 574. 1629.

"The long finger Cherry is another small long red one, being long and round like a finger, whereof it took the name:...."

=Look No Further.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. Pat Off. Rpt._ 294. 1853.

This variety was introduced into this country in 1815, from the Royal Gardens of Luxembourg, Paris, by Samson V. S. Wilder of Bolton, Massachusetts. Said to be very productive, sweet, large and attractive.

=Lord Belhaven White Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 56. 1831.

Mentioned but not described.

=Lothaunner Erfurter.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.

Mentioned in this reference.

=Lothkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 288. 1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 595-597. 1819. =3.= Dochnahl Führ. _Obstkunde_ =3=:65. 1858.

Fruit large, nearly round, flattened on one side; stem long; skin reddish-black; flesh very tender, red, sour; ripens the first of August.

=Louise.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Chase Bros. _Cat._ 20. 1907.

Louise was found about 1887 by the late Lewis Chase in the vicinity of Rochester, New York. Tree hardy, productive; fruit large, dark red, sour; ripens in June.

=Louisiana Iron Clad.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _La. Sta. Bul._ =2=:682. 1893. =2.= _Ibid._ =112=:11. 1908.

This cherry originated in Louisiana about 1900 with A. K. Clingman. It is said to be the only cherry which will produce fruit in Louisiana; of the Morello type.

=Löwener Frühkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Oberdieck _Obst-Sort._ 359. 1881.

_Frühe Englische Kirsche aus Löwen._ =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 79 fig., 80. 1867.

_Hâtive de Louvain._ =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 17, 200. 1876.

_Lowener Frühweichsel._ =4.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 59. 1907.

This variety probably originated in Belgium nearly half a century ago. Fruit variable in size, often large, sides and ends compressed giving it a square appearance; suture shallow; stem long, strongly inserted in a wide, regular, deep cavity; skin rather glossy, dark brownish-red; flesh dark red, tender, juicy, acidulated, refreshing; stone plump, almost round, base abrupt, with a slight depression; early.

=Lucien.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 228, 229. 1819. =2.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 157. 1825. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:79, 80, fig. 38. 1866-73. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 367. 1889. =5.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:61. 1900.

_Guigne Lucien._ =6.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18, 198. 1876.

This foreign variety is planted in Canada but is not known in the United States. It was found by Uellner in Lüneburg, Prussia, about 1806. Leroy is of the opinion that this is the cherry he calls Guigne Carnée Winkler which came out a few years later as a seedling of Winkler from Guben, Prussia.

=Ludwig Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 86. 1866.

_Guigne Ludwig._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18, 198. 1876. =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:326 fig. 1877.

_Ludwig's Bunte Herzkirsche._ =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 367, 368. 1889.

Ludwig is a seedling obtained by Thomas Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, England, about 1860. Fruit large, cordate, terminating in a sharp point; suture slightly indistinct; stem very long, slender, inserted in a wide cavity; skin glossy, bright red, paler on the shaded side; flesh pale yellow, tender, melting; pit small, roundish, plump; ripens the last of June.

=Lukeward.= _P. avium._ =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 572. 1629. =2.= Phillips _Comp. Gard._ 79. 1831. =3.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 106. 1846.

_Lukeward's Heart._ =4.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:125. 1832.

A variety supposed to have come from Italy which has long since passed from cultivation. Fruit cordate, dark brown or nearly black; ripens early in August.

=Lundie Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 43. 1803. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:118. 1832. =3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 218. 1854.

Lundie Guigne is an old English cherry first spoken of by Forsyth in 1803. Tree vigorous, large; fruit medium in size, roundish-elongated, dark purplish-black; flesh tender, juicy, subacid, pleasant; season July.

=McAdow.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Hort. An._ 88 fig. 1869. =2.= _Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 32. 1869.

McAdow is supposed to be a cross between Black Tartarian and Elton, grown from seed by Dr. McAdow, Chillicothe, Ohio. Tree vigorous, productive, bears early; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, compressed, without a suture; stem slender, deeply inserted; skin light, pale yellow, overspread and mottled indistinctly with light, clear red; flesh firm, yellowish, tender, juicy, pleasant but not rich; quality good; stone medium to large, oval.

=MacRoach.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1=. _Green-River Nur. Cat._ 23. 1899.

This cherry was found near Guthrie, Kentucky, on the farm of John MacRoach, where it has fruited for many years and is considered a very good cherry of the May Duke type.

=Madame Courtois.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 335. 1870-71.

Found by Bonamy, a nurseryman, in 1860, upon a farm belonging to the Château of Lamothe, near Puylaurens, Tarn, France. Tree productive; fruit large; skin clear red; flesh tinted with a rose color, sweet, very agreeable; ripens in June-July.

=Madame Grégoire.= _P. avium. × P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 26. 1876. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 18. 1895.

This variety is said in _Guide Pratique_, 1895, to be very similar to Reine Hortense.

=Madeleine.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 26, 201. 1876.

_Cerise Commune (de la Madeleine_). =2.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =2=:No. 12, Pl. 1846.

_Cerisier de la Madleine._ =3.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:507. 1860.

_Amarelle de la Madleine._ =4.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:205. 1866.

Madeleine is probably a late strain of the old Cerise Commune formerly extensively grown about Paris. Fruit of medium size, roundish, flattened at the ends; suture a line; stem medium in length; skin clear red changing to brownish-red; flesh whitish, tender, acid; pit small; ripens the last of July; productive.

=Madison.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 211, 1854.

_Madison Bigarreau._ =2.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 235. 1841. 3. Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 367. 1849.

_Madison's Bunte Herzkirsche._ =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 368. 1889.

Madison is a seedling of the White Bigarreau, raised by Robert Manning, Salem, Massachusetts. Tree healthy, productive, moderate in growth, spreading; fruit of medium size, regular, heart-shaped; stem rather short, slender; skin heavily dotted and mottled with rich red on amber-yellow ground; flesh yellowish, rather tender, juicy, with agreeable sprightliness; pit small, oval; season the last of June.

=Magann.= _P. avium._ =1.= _New Haven Nur. Cat._ 12. 1899-1900.

Magann is a hardy, Sweet Cherry originating in Franklin County, Missouri; fruit large, nearly black, borne in large clusters.

=Magèse.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 24. 1876. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:327 fig. 1877.

Magèse was received by Leroy from Florence, Italy, about 1864. Fruit large, attached in twos and threes, obtuse-cordate; stem stout, short, inserted in a wide, deep cavity; skin yellow, washed with carmine; flesh yellowish, moderately tender, juicy, sugary, acidulated; first quality; stone small, round, plump; ripens the first of June.

=Magnifique de Daval.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:154. 1882. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 368. 1889.

The flowers and foliage are described by Mas in his _Pomologie Générale_.

=Magog.= Species? =1.= _Okla. Sta. Bul._ =2=:13. 1892.

Listed in the reference given.

=Mammoth.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ohio Pom. Soc. Rpt._ =10=:44. 1862.

_Kirtland's Mammoth._ =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 198 fig. 1854. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:31, 32, fig. 16. 1882.

_Mammuthkirsche._ =4.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 56. 1907.

Mammoth was raised, probably about 1842, by Professor J. P. Kirtland of Cleveland, Ohio, from a pit of a Yellow Spanish tree grown apart from other cherries. Tree large, vigorous, round-topped, usually unproductive; fruit of the largest size, often averaging three and one-half inches in circumference, obtuse-cordate, with a large, prominent suture; stem of medium thickness, long; skin moderately thick, attractive clear yellow, blushed or mottled with light red; flesh whitish, with abundant, uncolored juice, fine-grained, with distinct radiating lines, nearly tender, sweet yet almost sprightly; very good in quality; stone roundish-oval, regular; season early.

=Mammoth Oxheart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Pioneer Nur. Cat._ 16. 1905-06.

Listed, probably not propagated at present.

=Manger.= Species? =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 211. 1896.

Mentioned without a description.

=Manning Early Black.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:282. 1842. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 218. 1854.

This variety was grown from a pit of Black Heart by Robert Manning, Salem, Massachusetts. It differs from the parent only in time of ripening, which is ten days earlier, and in form of tree, which is more spreading.

=Manning Early White Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 243. 1841.

Still another seedling raised by Robert Manning, this one coming from a seed of White Turkey Bigarreau. Fruit of medium size, cordate, pale red, amber in the sun, sweet, fine; ripens in June.

=Manning Late Black.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:284. 1842. =2.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 234. 1849.

_Manning Black Bigarreau._ =3.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 235. 1841.

_Black Bigarreau._ =4.= Bridgeman _Gard. Ass't_ Pt. =3=:54. 1847.

This is another of Robert Manning's seedlings of the Black Heart. Tree vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish-cordate; skin deep purple, nearly black; stem long; flesh purplish-red, firm, rather juicy, sprightly, with a pleasant, luscious flavor; ripens the second week in July.

=Manning Mottled.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 176. 1845. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 361. 1849.

_Mottled Bigarreau._ =3.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:283, 1842.

Robert Manning, Salem, Massachusetts, raised this cherry from a seed of White Bigarreau. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit rather large, roundish-cordate, flattened on one side, with a distinct suture; stem slender, inserted in a shallow cavity; skin amber, shaded and mottled with red, with a semi-transparent, glossy appearance; flesh yellow when fully ripe, tender, with a sweet, delicious juice; stone large; season at the end of June.

=Maple Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= Brookshaw _Pom. Brit._ Pl. 8. 1817. =2.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 53. 1831.

This a rather firm-fleshed, red Heart of second size and third quality, ripening in July.

=Marells Royal.= Species? =1.= _Ariz. Sta. Bul._ =15=:65. 1895.

Mentioned as having been planted in Arizona.

=Maria Gaucher.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 57. 1907.

Listed as a variegated, hard-fleshed cherry.

=Marie de Châteauneuf.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18. 1876.

Probably named after the wife of the Marquis de Châteauneuf; fruit very large, obtuse-cordate, purplish-black; flesh rose-colored, moderately firm, juicy, sugary, agreeable; ripens the middle of June.

=Marie Thérèse.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:358 fig. 1877.

This variety originated with M. de Luigné near Châteaugontier, Mayenne, France, and was named after his daughter Marie Thérèse. Tree strong, vigorous, moderately productive; fruit above medium in size, roundish, flattened at the ends; suture broad; stem long, slender; cavity small; skin transparent, firm, red, dotted with whitish-gray; flesh yellow, compact, melting, juicy, aromatic; first quality; ripens the last of June.

=Markirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Wash. Sta. Bul._ =92=:29, 30. 1910.

Tree large, upright, open-topped, productive; foliage frequently attacked by aphis; fruit large, dark red, cordate, with a short stem; skin thick, tender, while the flesh is meaty and deeply stained; stone round, smooth; ripens the third week in July, often hanging on the trees until the middle of August.

=Marsotte.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Guide Prat._ 12. 1895.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size; stem of medium length; skin black; flesh juicy, sugary; used in making Kirschwasser.

=Mary.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 211. 1854.

Mary was raised by B. B. Kirtland, Greenbush, New York. Fruit borne in clusters, having a bright, lively red color and a sprightly subacid flavor.

=Master White Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 56. 1831.

Listed in this reference.

=Mastodon.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 185. 1894.

_Black Mastodon._ =2.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 289. 1889.

Mastodon is a seedling of Pontiac and originated with W. H. Chapman, Napa, California; introduced by Leonard Coates, then of the same place. Fruit very large, obtuse-cordate, base very broad; cavity large, deep; stem stout, long; skin entirely mottled with pinkish or heavy red; flesh firm, yellowish, tinged with red, meaty, moderately juicy, with a rich, lively sweet flavor.

=Matilda.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 262. 1892.

Matilda originated with C. E. Hoskins, formerly of Newburg, Oregon. Fruit medium to large, broad-cordate, surface smooth; skin glossy, dark red, nearly black; dots very fine; flesh dark red, firm, sprightly, sweet; very good; ripens in Oregon about the middle of June.

=Matts.= _P. avium._

J. G. Youngken, Richlandtown, Pennsylvania, writes that this cherry is a seedling of Black Tartarian. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large.

=Mayo.= _P. avium._ =1.= Samuels & Co. _Cat._ 22. 1892.

The original tree of Mayo is on the farm of a Mr. Mayo near Jackson, Tennessee. Tree vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit large, amber shaded with red, tender; resembles Wood.

=Mazarine.= Species? =1.= Thacher _Am. Orch._ 216. 1822.

Listed as one of the twenty principal varieties in the United States.

=Mednyansky.= _P. avium._ =1=. _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =177=:31. 1899.

_Moduyansky._ =2.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 185. 1894.

This Hungarian variety was introduced to this country in 1894. In the second reference the name is spelled Moduyansky but in the first it is given Mednyansky which form is deemed best to follow here. Tree upright, spreading, rather vigorous; fruit cordate; suture variable, indistinct on some specimens but a noticeable ridge from the cavity to the apex on others; stem stout, long, inserted in a narrow, deep, irregular cavity; skin very dark purple turning black; flesh firm, rich, sweet, sprightly; quality very good.

=Meininger Späte Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 137 fig., 138. 1860; =2.= Oberdieck _Obst-Sort._ 370. 1881.

_Bigarreau-tardif de Meiningen._ =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 21, 190. 1876.

Tree vigorous, productive, blooming late; fruit of medium size, cordate, sides compressed; suture shallow; stem slender, variable in length, set in a narrow, shallow cavity; color pale golden-yellow, spotted with pale red, which often conceals the ground color; flesh firm, whitish-yellow, reddish-yellow under the skin, juicy; stone large, oval, usually somewhat adherent; ripens in August lasting until September.

=Meissener Weisse.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.

Mentioned in the reference given.

=Merise Grosse Rose Oblongue.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 53. 1831.

Probably a small, wild variety.

=Merise Petite Ronda.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 53. 1831.

Listed without a description.

=Merisier Fastigié.= Species? =1.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =2=:No. 3, P1. 1846.

Poiteau was uncertain as to the name of this variety which he noticed in the gardens of M. Cels. Tree very pyramidal; fruit yellowish-amber.

=Michigan.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 17. 1885.

Michigan is a supposed cross between Black Tartarian and Yellow Spanish fruiting for the first time in 1877. It was grown by Stephen Cook, Benton Harbor, Michigan. Fruit large, cordate, slightly compressed; stem long; suture lacking; skin deep red, nearly black; flesh firm, juicy, sweet; ripens early in July. Said to be nearly rot proof.

=Miller.= Species? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 27. 1909.

Listed but not described.

=Millet.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Brookshaw _Pom. Brit._ PL. 7. 1817. =2.= Brookshaw _Hort. Reposit._ =1=:45, P1. 23 fig. 2. 1823.

Described as one of the best black, heart-shaped late Dukes, ripening the last of June and continuing until September; flesh moderately firm; stone small; excellent.

=Minnesota.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:280. 1903. =2.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =205=:27. 1903.

Sprouts of this variety were brought from Sweden to Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa. Fruit medium in size, roundish-cordate, slightly compressed; stem long; skin dark red; flesh dark, tender, juicy, subacid; very good.

=Minnesota Ostheim.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:120. 1900.

_Ostheim._ =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 371. 1881.

This variety was introduced into Minnesota from North Germany by E. Meyer, St. Petersburg, Minnesota. It is well adapted to cold regions where the Montmorency group does not flourish. Tree upright, dense; fruit large, roundish-oblate, dark red; flesh dark, tender, sweet subacid; good in quality; stone roundish, slightly flattened; ripens the middle of July.

=Minnie.= _P. pumila._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 353. 1896.

Minnie is a vigorous seedling of _Prunus pumila_ grown in Manitoba, Canada; fruit large and good.

=Monkirsche Rote.= Species? =1.= _Mas. Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.

Mentioned in this reference.

=Monstrous Duke.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Leroy Dict. Pom._ =5=:360 fig., 361. 1877.

Monstrous Duke is mentioned by MM. Simon-Louis in 1866 as a new sort of the Anglaise hâtive. It is probably of English origin, but the name is misleading as the fruit is only moderately large; attached in pairs, globular; stem stout, short, shallowly inserted; skin transparent, yellowish, partly covered with red; flesh yellowish, tender, slightly fibrous, very juicy, sugary, sprightly; pit small, roundish, plump, adhering to the stem; ripens the last of June.

=Monstrueuse Hennequine.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 54. 1831.

Listed without description.

=Montmorency Pleureur.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Guide Prat._ 17, 196. 1895.

Described as a handsome tree with drooping branches. Its fruit is somewhat similar to that of the Montmorency.

=Montmorency de Sauvigny.= _P. cerasus._ 1. _Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom._ 120 fig., 121. 1904.

_Cerise de Sauvigny._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27. 1876.

_Belle de Sauvigny._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 334. 1889.

_Schöne aus Sauvigny._ =4.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 59. 1907.

This cherry is a popular fruit about Paris where it is used for confitures and brandy. Fruit large, roundish, attached in twos or threes; stem short; cavity large, shallow; color dark red; flesh yellow, transparent, slightly fibrous, acidulated; stone small, round; ripens the second half of July.

=Montmorency Stark.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Stark Bros. _Cat._ =4=:46. 1913.

Montmorency Stark is described as having been produced on the Stark Brothers Nursery grounds, Louisiana, Missouri, from a select tree which bore large fruit.

=Montreuil.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =80=:23. 1892. =2.= _Ibid._ =194=:41. 1901. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 27. 1909.

_Belle de Montreuil._ =4.= _Rev. Hort._ 451. 1875.

_Schöne von Montreuil._ =5.= _Reut. Pom. Inst. Festschrift_ 123. 1910.

This variety was mentioned by European writers as early as 1875 but was not known in America until recently. It is a valuable cherry and was placed on the fruit list of the American Pomological Society in 1909. Tree upright, spreading, vigorous, more productive than Reine Hortense; fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate; stem long, stout; skin mottled red approaching black; flesh tender, light red, with abundant, colored juice, subacid, pleasing; quality good; season July; valuable for dessert and culinary purposes.

=Moorhouse.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leonard Coates _Cat._ 10. 1911.

Moorhouse is no longer propagated, being inferior to its parent, Napoleon.

=Morella Extra Noir.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 54. 1831.

Listed without a description.

=Morella Wye.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:61. 1900.

Listed in this reference.

=Morelle von Wilhelmshöhe.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Guide Prat._ 16. 1895.

A very good table cherry ripening the seventh week of the season.

=Moreller Langstilkede Sode.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 54. 1831.

Listed without a description.

=Morisco.= Species? =1.= Langley _Pomona_ 86. 1729.

Mentioned without description.

=Morocco.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 572. 1629.

"The Morocco Cherrie hath a large white blossome, and an indifferent big berrie, long and round, with a long stalke of a darke reddish purple colour, a little tending to a blew when it is full ripe, of a firme substance; the juice is of a blackish red, discolouring the hands or lips, and of a pleasant taste: some doe thinke that this and the Morello be both one."

=Morten Seedling.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.

Listed but not described.

=Mosler Schwarze Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:23. 1858.

Fruit medium in size, obtuse-cordate, sides compressed; stem long, slender; skin black, tough; flesh dark, tender, very sweet; pit oblong-cordate; ripens the middle of July; productive.

=Moyer Honey Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Horticulturist_ N. S. =8=:22. 1858. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees_ Am. 469, 470. 1869.

This variety was grown by Josiah G. Youngken, Allentown, Pennsylvania. Tree healthy, vigorous, productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, slightly compressed; suture small; stem long, slender; skin whitish, shaded and mottled with rich red; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant; often partially clinging; ripens the middle of June.

=Mückelberger Grosse.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 24. 1876.

A Sweet Cherry originating in Guben, Prussia, Germany.

=Murdock.= _P. avium._ =1.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:289. 1903. _Murdock's Bigarreau._ =2.= _Gard. Mon._ =28=:240, 241. 1886. =3.= Reid _Cat._ 35. 1892.

Murdock is thought to have originated in 1887 with John R. and A. Murdock, then of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading; fruit large, roundish-cordate; cavity deep, wide, rather abrupt; stem long, slender; skin thin, moderately tough, amber overlaid and mottled with light red; flesh whitish, firm, crisp, somewhat sprightly, juicy, sweet; quality very good; stone clinging, large, ovate, flattened, smooth; ripens early in July, hanging long on the trees; not susceptible to rot.

=Nancy.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 470. 1869.

Nancy originated with Charles Pease, Sr., Cleveland, Ohio. Tree upright-spreading; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; stem long, stout, inserted in a large cavity; suture slight; skin pale yellow, shaded and mottled with crimson; flesh tender, juicy, rich, sweet; very good; stone small; ripens the last of June.

=Naples.= P. _avium._ =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 572. 1629.

_Neapolitanische Knorpelkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:35. 1858. =3.= _Ill. Handb._ 39 fig., 40. 1867.

_Bigarreau de Naples._ =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 189. 1876.

This is an Italian cherry introduced into Germany, France and England from Florence, Italy. It is very productive and is distinguished by its color and its lateness. Tree vigorous, bears early; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, sides only faintly compressed; suture indistinct; stem of medium length, set in a wide, deep cavity; skin tough, firm, glossy, becoming dark brown or black; flesh firm, juicy, sweet, vinous; stone oval, plump; ripens the sixth week of the season.

=Ne Plus Ultra.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =22=:208. 1880.

Ne Plus Ultra was raised by John Mosely of Goodrich, Ontario. It resembles Napoleon but is inferior.

=Neapolitanische Molkenkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:33. 1858.

_Bigarreautier de Naples._ =2.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:504. 1860.

_Napolitaine._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.

This is a large, lemon-colored, rather firm-fleshed variety that should not be confused with Naples. Tree small, vigorous; flesh sweet, pleasing; ripens late in July.

=Nebraska Sweet.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gage County Nur. Cat._ 8. 1906.

Listed in this reference as a dark, Sweet Cherry doing remarkably well in Nebraska.

=Nelson Kentish.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 23. 1892-93.

Said to be more vigorous in growth and more hardy in bud than Early Richmond.

=Neue Englische Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 542, 543. 1819. =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 83 fig., 84. 1867.

_Neue Englische Kirsche._ =3.= Christ _Wörterb._ 286. 1802.

According to Truchsess, Mayer grew this cherry about 1775. Tree of medium height, moderately productive; fruit often large, roundish, more or less compressed; suture faint; stem straight, medium in length; cavity wide, deep; skin glossy, tender, black; flesh tender, dark red, juicy, pleasing subacid; pit plump, small, oval; ripens early in July.

=Neue Ochsenherzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 73 fig., 74. 1860.

_Herrnhäuser neue Ochsenherzkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:22. 1858.

_Nouvelle Guigne des Boeufs._ =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:301. 1866.

Fruit very large, acute-cordate, irregular near the apex; stem long, slender; skin glossy, brownish-black; flesh dark red, tender, sweet, vinous; stone cordate-oblong; ripens the middle of July; not very productive.

=Neumann Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 370. 1889.

Mentioned in the reference given.

=New Century.= _P. cerasus × (P. avium × P. cerasus)._ =1.= _Texas Nur. Cat._ 10. 1907.

New Century is thought to be a cross originating in Grayson County, Texas, between English Morello and some Duke; it was introduced by the Texas Nursery Company. Tree of the Duke type, upright; fruit medium to above in size; light red; good. The trees are free from mildew in Texas but do not hold their fruit well.