Chapter XII: Section 12: Carriages and Cars

The design and details of these must always be suited to circumstances. We only propose here to indicate the various types of under-framing and wheels in use, and to give sketch sections of bodies or cars for different purposes.

UNDER-FRAMES.

=209. Two-wheel suspension car= for single rail or wire rope, used commonly on some kinds of cranes. See Section 18.

=210, 211, 212, & 213. Three-wheel cars.= See also the various types of tricycles in use.

=214, 215, 216, & 217. Various forms of four-wheel under-frames,= with and without swivelling bogies.

A car with four wheels arranged as No. 217, but with the leading and
trailing wheels slightly raised off the ground, is used as a goods car
or hand truck, and is very readily swivelled about, running, of
course, actually on three wheels only.

=218. Five-wheel under-frame,= with and without swivelling bogies.

=219 & 223. Plans of six-wheel cars,= with swivelling gear for curves; the centre pair having end play, swivel the leading and trailing axles by means of the jointed stays.

=220. Plan of four-wheel car,= with swivelling gear for curves.

=221, 222, & 224. Six-wheel cars,= the latter with leading and trailing swivelling bogies.

=225. Eight-wheel double-bogie under-frame.= This is the plan usually employed in long cars; each bogie is free to swivel independently, and is centrally loaded.

=226. Ten-wheel double-bogie under frame,= the centre pair to have end play or broad flat tyres.

=227. Twelve wheels and three bogies.= The centre bogie must have end play, either as in Nos. 222 or 226, or with transverse rollers between the bogie and frame.

Note that in Nos. 221, 223, & 224 the centre pairs, if running on
rails, must have either end play in the bearings or flat broad tyres.

=228. Open passenger car,= either with transverse or longitudinal seats.

=229. Covered passenger car,= with either longitudinal or transverse seats.

=230. Passenger car,= with outside and central longitudinal seats.

=231. Passenger car,= with upper and lower longitudinal seats.

=232. Passenger car,= as No. 231, but with seats reversed.

=233. Passenger car,= for one-rail railway.

=234. Passenger car,= similar to No. 230, but with seats reversed.

=235. American plan of passenger car,= with transverse seats and central gangway.

=236. Goods cars,= low sided.

=237. Covered or box wagon.=

=238. Hopper wagon= for discharging below.

=239. Side discharge hopper wagon.=

=240. Side tip= (or end tip) =three-centre wagon.=

=241. Tip cart.=

=242. Tip wagon.=

=243. Furniture wagon.=

=244. Grafton’s patent side tip wagon.=

=245. Long truck for boilers, &c.=

=246. Incline car for passengers.=

=247. Segmental swivelling bearings,= used instead of a swivelling bogie and centrepin.

=248. Hudson’s patent tip wagons,= with three centres.

=249. Hopper wagon,= with central discharge.