Chapter LXXXVII: Section 101: DRAWING AND ROLLING METALS, &c

=1878. Rolls for bar iron,= grooved to suit the section required, one-half the groove being usually in each roll, and the size and shape of the grooves are graduated down from that of the square billet to the finished bar.

=1879. Grooved rolls= for producing a tapered bar.

=1880. Rollers for turning up= and welding tubes from a flat strip.

=1881. Bending rollers.=

=1882. Rolls for solid tyres,= without a weld.

=1883. Wire drawing apparatus.=

For grips for drawing wire, &c., see Nos. 505, 518. Laths of various
sections are drawn through suitable steel dies by a draw bench; the
end of the lath is held by a grip tongs and the lath drawn forcibly
through the dies (using a lubricant) and afterwards straightened.
Rolling does not answer for this kind of work.

The drawing frame used for cotton and other fibres has two, three, or
more pairs of rollers; the lower rollers are grooved longitudinally
and the upper ones weighted and covered with leather, the lower ones
being geared together to drive at proportionate speeds, so that in
passing through, the material is stretched between each pair of
rollers, the object being to extend and lay all the fibres parallel.

For drawing lead pipes, see No. 1183. Earthenware pipes are made by a
similar process.