Chapter LXXXVI: Section 100: Heating Apparatus

For general purposes this comprises Furnaces, Stoves, Ranges, Ovens,
Boilers (see Section 6), Hot-blast, Steam-heated Vessels, Gas Jets,
&c., most of which are tolerably well known and in common use.

For special purposes in connection with machinery various heating
devices are required, of which steam and gas are those most
universally used. Steam tubes or coils may be carried through any
fixed or movable part of a machine. Steam-heated surfaces, such as
tables, pans, chambers, &c., steam-jacketed cylinders, and similar
contrivances, are much used. Gas jets from perforated tubes, which may
be shaped to any required position, are also convenient for dry heat
and higher temperatures than can be obtained from steam.

Hot irons are sometimes used, shaped to fit a cavity, but of course
require to be replaced periodically.

Hot water in pipes or jackets, and hot air in flues are common
appliances for warming and drying; with the former its circulation
must be provided for, and with the latter, either a forced draught or
an upward inclination given to the flues to maintain circulation.

=1876. Gill pipes= for radiating the beat of steam or hot water.

=1877. Gill stove,= on similar principle, presents an extensive surface in contact with the air for radiation of heat.