Chapter LXXXII: Section 94: Washing

=1745. Cylindrical revolving screen washer,= for roots, &c.

=1746. Tub and paddle washer.=

=1747. Coal washer.= The water is kept in motion up and down through the screen ~A~ by a cylinder and piston ~B~; the mud sinks to ~C~ and the washed coal passes over to ~D~. Both are removed continuously by elevators or worms. See Section 57.

For washing ores sloping screens either plain or perforated are often
used, a stream of water being kept flowing over the ore, which is kept
in motion. See Nos. 1266 and 477, also Cylindrical Revolving Screens,
as No. 1262.

=1748. Cylindrical perforated drum,= with internal fixed spiral flange which causes the material to travel at a fixed rate of motion. The cylinder may be revolved in a water trough as No. 1745, or water may be fed in with the material and the casing be unperforated.

=1749. A contrivance to keep a continuous circulation= in a boiling tub or copper in which clothes, &c., are washed. The hot water from the bottom rises up the tin tube, and is discharged on the surface.

=1750. Corrugated rollers washing device, for fabrics.=

=1751. Water trough and dipping band,= for washing cloths, wool, paper, &c.

Domestic washers comprise, besides the ordinary tub and dolly, washing
boards, having corrugated surfaces; rocking and revolving boxes,
having a churn-like motion. Brushes also are sometimes used.

Section 95.--WINDMILLS AND FEATHERING WHEELS.

=1752. Feathering paddle wheel.= Each float has a bracket and pin at back, with connecting rod to a common eccentric (fixed), through which the shaft revolves.

=1753. Spiral vane or cowl,= for chimney top. Used to drive a vertical worm inside the chimney cap to maintain an upward draught, by employing the wind as a motive power.

=1754. Windmill sails,= with angular adjustment by a sliding device on the shaft.

=1755. Feathering horizontal windmill.= Each float is hinged a little out of centre to the arms, so that the pressure of wind (see arrow) turns the floats to the positions in the sketch as they revolve.

=1756. Hollow semi-spherical cup windmill= or motor.

=1757. Wind motor,= with curved vanes. These last two revolve in the direction of the arrows, because the wind has more hold upon the hollow sides of the cups and vanes than on the convex side.

=1758. Self-feathering wind wheel.=

=1759. Spiral wind wheel.=

Section 96.--WINDING APPARATUS.

=1760. Barrel or drum,= for wire, &c.

=1761. Winding barrel,= for cranes, winches, &c.

=1762. Fusee barrel.= See No. 1602.

=1763. Grooved barrel,= for chain. Prevents the chain riding as it coils.

=1764. Hexagon frame winder,= for yarn, &c.

=1765. Spool.=

=1766. Card winder.=

=1767 & 1768. Bobbins.= There are a great many patterns in use for various trades.

=1769. Appliance for winding bobbins= of cotton, and other machinery. The bobbin is stationary and the flyer revolves, the thread passing up its centre and down one arm through the eye, which has an up and down feed motion to wind the thread on evenly.

=1770. Mode of feeding the thread= on to the spindles to cause it to coil evenly by an oscillating arm and pin over which the thread passes.

=1771. Drum,= for flat rope or chain wound upon itself.

For winding engines and winches, see Nos. 1222 to 1226.

See also Rope Gear, Section 66.