Chapter LXI: Section 69: Raising and Lowering

(1.) BY HAND POWER.

=a. The ordinary winch and crank handle.=

=b. Winch,= worked by an endless hand rope and wheel, similar to Nos. 1210, 1220.

=1210. Hand rope and barrel hoist.= In this machine gearing may be interposed between the hand rope wheel and rope drum to increase the power and reduce speed.

=c. Differential blocks= of various patterns (see Weston’s, Pickering’s, Moore’s, &c.). See Section 31.

=d. By screw gear,= as in the ordinary screw jack. Sec. 78.

=e. Rack and pinion gear.= See No. 754.

=f. Worm and wheel gear.= See Section 84.

Note as to brake wheels: these should always be upon the _load_ shaft
so that the braking is not transmitted to the load through toothed
gearing. Worm gear usually will not sustain a load without a brake
wheel, unless there is an excess of friction which should not exist.

=g. Friction gear.= See Section 38.

(2.) BY POWER.

This may be applied to any of the above as follows:--

=a or b.= To the ordinary winch by either gearing (see Section 84),
belts (see Section 3), or friction gear (see Section 38).

=b. By gripping= the endless rope between grip wheels (see 1208) the small wheel can be thrown into gear to grip the rope by a lever, cam or screw.

=c. Differential gear= may be driven from a shaft by belts or gearing. See Sections 84 and 3.

=d. Screw gear.= Ditto.

=e. Rack gear.= Ditto.

=f. Worm and wheel gear.= Ditto.

=g. Friction gear= is usually driven as No. 1211.

=1211. Where the barrel shaft has a slight horizontal movement,= so that, by the lever, it can be forced into gear with the friction pinion to raise the load, or into the brake block to sustain the load or lower it.

Grooved friction ~V~ gearing is also sometimes used. See No. 667.

(3.) HYDRAULIC GEAR. See Section 42.

=The direct-acting plan= is simply a ram and cylinder, as in the
hydraulic press, the ram being as long as the height of travel of the
cage. For multiplying cylinder hydraulic gear, see Section 42.

=Balancing the dead load of cage, &c.= This is usually done by weights
attached to the end of ropes running over overhead pulleys and
fastened to the cage, as in No. 370, or by an auxiliary cylinder and
ram of short stroke loaded to the required weight, and communicating
with the lift cylinder by a pipe. See Section 20.

(4.) FOR LOWERING WEIGHTS ONLY.

=a. An hydraulic cylinder and piston= may be used, to which the cage is directly attached either above or below, the cage or platform being overbalanced by a counterbalance weight and rope (running over a pulley as No. 370), which is sufficient to raise it empty. The speed is controlled by a pass valve which allows the water to pass from one side of the piston to the other. See Section 5.

=b. An ordinary ~V~ wheel and brake wheel= may be used, the cage being overbalanced as last described; the motion is controlled solely by the brake. Or, an hydraulic brake cylinder may be used in connection with a rope or chain attached to the cage. See note to Section 5.

Other hoisting devices are:

=Direct-acting steam or air cylinders,= the piston rods being coupled
direct to the cage.

=Air vessels,= on the principle of the gasometer, but of a height
equal to the travel, and diameter proportional to the pressure of air
employed.

=1212. Internal screw elevator.= The vertical shaft has a feather groove, and carries a double crosshead with a wheel at each end, which run on the spiral guides and raise the cage.

=1213. Screw elevator,= for ice, &c. Vertical creeper.

=1214. Travelling hoist,= with in and out motion and rope.

=1215. Steam digger and hoist.=

=1216. Hauling capstan.= The rope, which is payed on and off the barrel, “fleets” itself as it travels along the barrel owing to its conical shaped flanges.

=1217. Richmond’s patent differential telescopic hydraulic lift.= The water under each piston is forced into the next cylinder above, so that the rams all travel upwards at proportional speeds, so as to reach the top of their stroke at the same time.

=1218. Self-sustaining gear.= The revolution of the pinion tends to lift the barrel and its brake wheel out of the brake; lowering is performed by relieving the brake wheel by a lever which raises it from the brake. Cherry’s patent.

=1219. Belt hoist.= Worked by a loose vertical belt, which is tightened by the lever and pulley when required to hoist, and in lowering a load the belt friction acts as a brake.

=1220. Travelling hand hoist,= with endless rope.

=1221. Travelling cathead hoist.= The cathead can be run back with its load; the winch is sometimes fixed to the travelling beam and moves in and out with it.

=1222. Winding engine,= usual type for direct acting.

=1223. Geared winding engine.=

=1224. Steam winch, horizontal arrangement.=

=1225. Steam winch, diagonal arrangement.=

=1226. Steam winch, horizontal worm-gear plan.=

=1227. Continuous lift,= for parcels, &c. Has a number of small cages, boxes, or platforms suspended from horizontal pivots in two endless chains; the cages are guided so as always to hang vertical.

=1228. Continuous lift,= for passengers. Sometimes the cages are suspended from two endless chains at their tops, as last described; or sometimes from two endless chains, but with attachments to the cages at corners diagonally opposite each other; and sometimes from a single endless chain at the back, provided with guides, &c.

=1229. Continuous barrel hoist.=

See also Cranes, Section 18.

Section 70.--RELIEVING PRESSURE ON BEARINGS. ANTI-FRICTION BEARINGS.

=1230. The pivots of two rollers or shafts= bear against the inside of a stiff ring producing rolling contact, but the rollers or shafts must run in the same direction. Used for roller mills, &c.

=1231. The same device, but for three rollers= or shafts.

=1232. The shaft is guided vertically= and its weight is borne by a large roller with small pivots.

=1233. The shaft runs in the ~V~ between two rollers= as last described.

=1234. Roller or ball bearing.= The friction is least when the rollers have end pivots to run in loose rings so that the rollers are kept apart and do not rub each other in revolving.

=1235. Hydraulic bearing,= the shaft being sustained by water (or preferably oil) pressure.

=1236. Vertical shaft,= with cone rollers.

=1237. Vertical shaft,= with ball bearing.

=1238. Vertical shaft,= flanged and coned for cone rollers.

=1239. Ordinary swivelling castor.=

=1240. Ball castor.=

Section 71.--ROPE, BELT, AND CHAIN PULLEYS.

(See also Section 66.)

=1241. Pulley for round rope= without any grip.

=1242. Round grooved pulley= for round rope with gripping snugs.

=1243. ~V~ pulley for round rope;= pithead pulley.

=Pulley for wire rope transmission,= high speed with wood bedding. See
Section 66, No. 1202.

=Multiple rope gripping pulley= for rope driving. See Section 66, No.
1200.

=1244. Belt pulley,= flat fare.

=1245. Belt pulley,= crown face. The rounding tends to keep the belt from running off.

=1246. Flanged belt pulley.=

=1247. Speed cone for belt.=

=1248. Round grooved chain pulley.=

=1249. Double grooved chain pulley;= prevents the chain twisting.

=1250. Pitched chain snug pulley or sprocket pulley.= The pitch of snugs should be slightly longer than the chain, to allow for wear and stretching of the chain.

=1251. Chain sprocket wheel,= for long link chain at slow speeds.

=1252. Sprocket wheel,= for long flat link pitched chains.

=1253 & 1254. Sections of rim= showing single and double links.

=1255. Sprocket wheel,= for Ewart’s patent pitched chains. See Chains &c., Section 11.