Chapter XIV: Section 14: Centrifugal Force, Applications of

=277. Centrifugal drill.= The cross bar ~A~ is alternately pressed down and allowed to rise, the strings winding on the spindle alternately in opposite directions by the momentum of the fly-wheel.

=a. Fly-wheel.= Use: to receive and store redundant motive power, and give it off again when the motive power falls below the average.

=b. Centrifugal hammer.= One or more hammers are loosely jointed to a revolving boss, and strike rapid blows on an anvil fixed in the path of their circumference. See No. 1915.

=c. Pulverising machines.= See Nos. 253, 254, 255.

=d. Speed governors.= See Section 41.

=e. Cream skimmers= have a pan revolving horizontally in which the new milk is poured. The cream travels to the outer edge and runs over into a receiving trough.

=f. Centrifugal dryers.= Manlove and Alliott’s, also Robinson’s continuous feed ditto, are examples.

=g. Some forms of turbine.= On the principle of Hero’s Eolipile, No. 1696.

=h. Swings. Roundabouts.= Various toys. The _Gyroscope_ and tops constructed on its principle.

=i. Juggling and other tricks= performed with pivoted plates and other common articles.

=j. Rattle barrel, or revolving drum,= for polishing small castings, &c., by centrifugal motion and mutual friction, similar to No. 262.

=k. Various machines for grading wheat, grain, and seeds.= See No. 475.

=l. Centrifugal filter= for sugar; a modification of the centrifugal drying machine.

=m. Centrifugal pumps= are forms of fans or turbines (see Section 90); Gwynne’s, Schiele’s, Andrews’, and others are examples.

Section 15.--CLUTCHES.

=278. Common jaw clutch= sliding on a feather key, the loose half being cast on the boss of a wheel.

=279.= Two forms of jaws for ditto.

=280. Cone clutch.= Screw gear should be used to operate this, as it is liable to “seize,” and there is considerable end pressure on the shaft to be allowed for.

=281. Face (friction clutch)= with ~V~ grooves. See remarks to No. 280.

=282. Friction clutch= with three or more segments. See also Nos. 38 and 59.

=283. Pin and hole clutch.= The pin and holes can of course be made parallel to the shaft instead of radial.

=284. Cam clutch,= used for dexter treadles, also for reciprocating motions driving one way and running loose the opposite way. See also Section 62, Nos. 1135, 1178, &c.

=285. Crank pin and arm driver.=

=286. Pickering’s self-sustaining clutch= for hoists. The box ~A~ only is keyed to the shaft, and drives the chain wheel and sleeve ~B~ by jamming it with the flange of the ratchet-wheel sleeve ~C~ by the sliding action of the toothed faces formed at ~D~ on the disc and flange of the sleeve ~B~, these teeth being of the ratchet form.

Several other forms of this clutch are in use. Edwards’, Stevens and
Major’s, and others may be consulted.

=287. Disc friction clutch,= with intermediate leather discs and screw clamping appliance, only the central disc is keyed to the shaft, the others run loose. Mather and Platt’s and Addyman’s patent friction clutches are examples.

Numerous forms of friction clutches are in use, modifications chiefly
of Nos. 38, 59, and 282. See also Section 5.

Section 16.--COUPLINGS FOR SHAFTING.

=288. Ordinary flanged coupling,= usually made so that the end of the shaft forms a spigot joint with the opposite half of clutch.

=289, 290, 291. Sleeve couplings.= See also No. 1430 and Section 57. Butler’s patent frictional coupling, Kirkstall Forge Co., Leeds, Seller’s double-cone vice coupling, and others, are sleeve couplings.

=292. Angle coupling= on Dr. Hooke’s principle. } See also
} Nos. 33,
=293. Flexible angle coupling= for light work. } 34, and 732.

=294. Flanged coupling,= with cross feather or key. This plan gives great torsional strength, especially if the coupling flanges are forged solid with the shafts.