Chapter XIII: Part 13

Capitoline hill, Jupiter on the, ii. 184;
hut of Romulus on the, ii. 200

Cappadocia, volcanic region of, v. 189 _sqq._;
fire-worship in, v. 191 _sq._;
the fire-walk at Castabala in, xi. 14

Capri, feast of the Nativity of the Virgin in, x. 220 _sq._

Capricorn, Tropic of, vii. 125;
time when the sun enters the, xi. 1

_Caprificatio_, ii. 314 _n._ 2

Caprification, the artificial fertilization of fig-trees, ix. 257.
_See_ Fig-tree

_Caprificus_, the wild fig-tree, ii. 314 _sq._, ix. 258

Caps of clay worn by Australian widows in mourning, iii. 182 _n._ 2;
worn by Aino mourners, x. 20

Captives killed and eaten, iii. 179 _sq._;
unbound in house of Flamen Dialis, iii. 316

Car Nicobar, charm to make sunshine in, i. 314;
exorcism in, v. 299 _n._ 2;
annual expulsion of devils in, ix. 201 _sq._

Carabas and Barabbas, ix. 418 _sq._

Caramantran, death of, on Ash Wednesday in Provence, iv. 226

Carayahis, tribe of Brazilian Indians, dialectical differences in the
speech of men and women among the, iii. 348 _sq._

Carberry Kinncat, king of Ireland, misfortunes of his reign, i. 367 _sq._

Carcassone, hunting the wren at, viii. 320 _sq._

Carceri, Father S., on the sacred king of the Nubas, iii. 132 _n._ 1

Carchemish, Hittite capital on Euphrates, v. 123, 137 _n._ 2, 138 _n._

Carchi, a province of Ecuador, All Souls’ Day in, vi. 80

Cardiganshire, Hallowe’en in, x. 226

Carew, R., on a Cornish custom, iv. 154 _n._ 1

Caria, Zeus Labrandeus in, v. 182;
poisonous vapours in, v. 205 _sq._

Carian Chersonese, viii. 85

Carians, their mournings for Osiris, vi. 86 _n._ 1

Caribou, taboos concerning, iii. 208

Caribs, war custom of the, i. 134;
difference of language between men and women among the, iii. 348;
their worship of the moon in preference to the sun, vi. 138;
woman’s share in agriculture among the, vii. 120;
their belief in the homoeopathic magic of animal flesh, viii. 139 _sq._;
young warriors among the, ate the heart of a bird of prey to acquire
courage, viii. 162;
their theory of the plurality of souls, xi. 221

Carinthia, Green George in, ii. 75, 343;
bride-race in, ii. 304;
ceremony at the installation of a prince of, iv. 154 _sq._;
harvest custom in, vii. 224 _sq._;
new fire at Easter in, x. 124

Caripunas Indians of Brazil, use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 230 _n._

Carley, the last bunch of corn at harvest in Antrim, vii. 144

Carlin or Carline, “the Old Woman,” female figure formed out of the last
corn cut at harvest, vii. 140

Carlyle, Thomas, on the execution of the astronomer Bailly, v. 229 _n._ 1

Carman (Wexford), the fair of, iv. 100, 101

Carmichael, Alexander, on need-fire, x. 293 _sqq._;
on snake-stones, xi. 311

Carmona, in Andalusia, annual ceremony observed by disguised boys at, ix.
173

Carn Brea, in Cornwall, Midsummer fires on, x. 199

Carna, nymph, won by Janus, ii. 190, vi. 235 _n._ 6

Carnac, in Egypt, temples at, vi. 124;
sculptures at, vi. 154.
_See also_ Karnak

Carnarvonshire, the cutty black sow at Hallowe’en in, x. 240

Carniola, “Sawing the Old Woman” at Mid-Lent in, iv. 242

Carnival, dances at the, to make hemp grow tall, i. 137;
a sort of, at Fazoql on the Blue Nile, iv. 17;
burying the, iv. 209, 220 _sqq._;
the burial and resurrection of the, an expression of the death and
revival of vegetation, iv. 252;
swings taken down at, iv. 287;
at Rome in the rites of Attis, v. 273;
modern Thracian drama at the, vi. 99 _sq._, vii. 26 _sqq._, viii. 331
_sqq._;
similar masquerade in Bulgaria at, viii. 333 _sq._;
bell-ringing processions at the, ix. 247;
Senseless Thursday in, ix. 248;
in relation to the Saturnalia, ix. 312, 345 _sqq._;
effigy burnt at end of, x. 120;
wicker giants at the, xi. 35

—— and Purim, ix. 394

—— or Shrovetide Bear in Bohemia, viii. 325 _sq._

“—— (Shrovetide) Fool,” iv. 231

Carnmoor, in Mull, need-fire kindled on, x. 289 _sq._

Carnwath, in Cornwall, Midsummer fires at, x. 199

Carolina, Indians of, king’s son wounded among the, iv. 184 _sq._;
their fear of harming snakes, viii. 217

Caroline Islands, treatment of the navel-string in the, i. 184 _sq._;
Ponape in the, i. 401 _n._ 3, iii. 25, 259, 362;
Uap (Yap) in the, iii. 193, 227, 282, 290, 293, vi. 265, x. 36;
taboos on fishermen in the, iii. 193;
wizards in the, iii. 290;
traditionary origin of fire in the, xi. 295

Caron’s _Account of Japan_, iii. 4 _n._ 2

Carp clan of the Otawa Indians, viii. 225 _n._ 1

Carpathian Mountains, the Huzuls of the, i. 113, 137, 280, iii. 270, 314,
396, 397, viii. 43 _n._ 1, 275, ix. 32 _sq._, xi. 49;
Midsummer fires in the, x. 175;
need-fire in the, x. 281

Carpathus, fear of having one’s likeness taken in, iii. 100;
laying out of corpses in, iii. 313 _sq._
_See also_ Karpathos

Carpenter, son of, as a human god, i. 376

Carpentras in Provence, rain-making at, i. 307

Carpet-snakes, magical ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 90

Carpini, de Plano, on funeral customs of the Mongols, v. 293

Carrier Indians of North-Western America, their magic to snare martens, i.
110;
their contagious magic of footprints, i. 210;
their chastity before hunting, iii. 197;
confession of sins among the, iii. 215;
their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, iii. 367 _sq._;
succession to the soul among the, iv. 199;
their regard for the bones of martens and beavers, viii. 238 _sq._;
funeral custom of the, x. 11;
their dread and seclusion of menstruous women, x. 91 _sqq._;
their honorific totems, xi. 273 _sqq._

“Carrying out Death,” iv. 221, 233 _sqq._, 246 _sqq._, ix. 227 _sq._, 230,
252

Carthage, Christians worshipping each other at, i. 407;
legend and worship of Dido at, v. 113 _sq._;
Hamilcar worshipped at, v. 116;
the _suffetes_ of, v. 116 _n._ 1;
rites of Cybele at, v. 274 _n._;
the effeminate priests of the Great Mother at, v. 298;
legend as to the foundation of, vi. 250

Carthaginian sacrifice of children to Moloch, iv. 75;
to Baal, iv. 167 _sq._

Carver, Captain Jonathan, on the rite of death and resurrection among the
Naudowessies, xi. 267 _sq._

Casablanca in Morocco, ix. 21;
Midsummer fires at, x. 214

Casalis, E., on purification of Basuto warriors, iii. 172;
on Zulu serpent-worship, v. 84;
on the worship of the dead among the Basutos, vi. 179 _sq._

Cashmeer, the Takhas of, i. 383;
bulls as scapegoats in, ix. 190 _n._ 5

Cashmeer stories of the external soul, ix. 100 _sq._, 138 _n._ 1

Caspar, Melchior, and Balthasar, the Three Kings of Twelfth Day, ix. 329
_sqq._, xi. 68

Cassange Valley in Angola, the Bangalas of the, ii. 293;
human sacrifice at installation of king of, iv. 56 _sq._;
kings of, their teeth preserved after death, iv. 203

Cassava or manioc cultivated by South American Indians, vii. 120 _sq._,
122

Cassel, in France, wicker giants on Shrove Tuesday at, xi. 35

Cassotis, oracular spring at Delphi, iv. 79

Cassowaries, souls of dead in, viii. 295;
imitated by masked dancers, ix. 382;
men disguised as, in Dukduk ceremonies, xi. 247

Cassowary totem in Mabuiag, viii. 207

Castabala in Cappadocia, the fire-walk at, v. 115, 168, xi. 14

—— in Cilicia, worship of Perasian Artemis at, v. 167 _sqq._

Castabus, in the Carian Chersonese, sanctuary of Hemithea at, viii. 24
_n._ 5, 85

Castaly, the oracular spring of, at Delphi, iv. 79

Castel Gandolfo, on the Alban Lake, i. 2

Castellamare, seven-legged effigy of Lent at, iv. 245

Castelnau, F. de, on the reverence of the Apinagos for the moon, vi. 146
_sq._

Castiglione a Casauria, in the Abruzzi, Midsummer customs at, v. 246, x.
210

Castilian peasants, their dances in May, ix. 280

Casting the skin supposed to be a mode of renewing youth, ix. 302 _sqq._

Castle Ditches, in the Vale of Glamorgan, bonfires at, x. 156

Castor and Pollux thought to attend the Spartan kings, i. 49 _sq._;
their appearance in battle, i. 50

Castor’s tune, v. 196 _n._ 3

Castration, religious, in honour of Cybele, ii. 144 _sq._;
practised by a modern sect in Russia, ii. 145;
of Cronus and Uranus, v. 283;
of sky-god, suggested explanation of, v. 283;
of priests, suggested explanation of, v. 283 _sq._

Castres, in Southern France, xi. 187

_Casuarina leptoclada_ in magic, i. 213

Cat, blind, in homoeopathic magic, i. 153;
wetted as a rain-charm, i. 262, 289;
black, in rain-charm, i. 291;
stone resembling a, used in rain-making, i. 308 _sq._;
corn-spirit as, vii. 280 _sq._;
killed at harvest, vii. 281;
fever transferred to a, ix. 51;
a representative of the devil, xi. 40;
story of a clan whose souls were all in one, xi. 150 _sq._;
a Batta totem, xi. 223.
_See also_ Cats

Cat’s cradle forbidden to boys among the Esquimaux, i. 113;
as a charm to arrest the sun, i. 316 _sq._, vii. 103 _n._ 1;
as a charm to promote the growth of the crops, vii. 101, 103;
played by savages, vii. 103 _n._ 1

—— tail, name given to last standing corn, viii. 268

Catafalque burnt at funeral of king of Siam, v. 179

Catalangans of Luzon offer first-fruits to the souls of their ancestors,
viii. 124

Catalonia, funeral of Carnival in, iv. 225

Catania in Sicily, the vineyards of, v. 194;
gardens of Adonis at, v. 245

Catat, Dr., his difficulty in photographing in Madagascar, iii. 98

Caterpillars, superstitious precautions against, viii. 275 _sq._, 279,
280;
bonfires as a protection against, x. 114

Catgut plant in homoeopathic magic, i. 144

Catholic Church, ritual of the, v. 54;
ceremonies on Good Friday in the, v. 254, 255 _sq._;
institutes feasts of All Saints and All Souls, vi. 83;
enjoins continence during Lent, ix. 348;
consecrates the Midsummer festival to St. John the Baptist, x. 181

—— custom of dedicating candles, i. 13;
as to partaking of the Eucharist, viii. 83;
of eating effigies of the Madonna, viii. 94

—— Germany, St. Leonhard in, i. 7

—— times in Scandinavia, i. 16

Catlin, George, on the power of medicine-men in North America, i. 356;
on the conciliation of the spirits of slain foes, iii. 182

Cato, the Elder, on dedication of Arician grove to Diana, i. 22, 23;
on expiation for thinning a grove, ii. 122;
on the fodder of cattle, ii. 328 _n._ 1;
on lucky and unlucky trees, iii. 275 _n._ 3;
on a Roman cure for dislocation, xi. 177

Cats worshipped in Egypt, i. 29 _sq._;
witches changed into, ii. 334, x. 315 _n._ 1, 317, 318, 319 _sq._, xi.
311 _sq._;
with stumpy tails, reason of, iii. 128 _sq._;
burnt in bonfires, x. 109, xi. 39 _sq._;
perhaps burnt as witches, xi. 41.
_See also_ Cat

Cattle, magical stones for the increase of, i. 162;
Zulu charm to recover strayed, i. 212;
fire tied to tails of, in rain-charm, i. 303;
sacrificed in rain-making, i. 350;
influence of tree-spirits on, ii. 50 _sq._, 55, 124 _sq._;
crowned, as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 75, 126 _sq._, 339,
341;
under the protection of woodland spirits, ii. 124 _sq._;
crowned at the Ambarvalia, ii. 127 _n._ 2;
and milk, importance of, for the early Italians, ii. 324;
Roman personal names derived from, ii. 324 _n._ 1;
driven to pasture for the first time on St. George’s Day, ii. 331;
bred by the people of the Italian pile villages, ii. 353 _n._ 3;
continence observed for sake of, iii. 204;
protected against wolves by charms, iii. 307;
sacrificed instead of human beings, iv. 166 _n._ 1;
driven out to pasture at Whitsuntide, iv. 207 _n._ 1;
last sheaf given to, vii. 134, 155, 158, 161, 170;
(plough oxen) Yule or Christmas Boar given to the, vii. 301, 302, 303;
worship of, viii. 35, 37 _sqq._;
first-fruits offered to, viii. 118;
ceremony for recovering lost, ix. 14;
disease of, transferred to scapegoats, ix. 32 _sq._;
exposed to attacks of witches, ix. 162;
beaten to do them good, ix. 266 _sq._;
sacrificed at holy oak, x. 181;
protected against sorcery by sprigs of mullein, x. 190;
fire carried round, x. 201, 206;
driven out to pasture in spring and back in autumn, x. 223;
acquire the gift of speech on Christmas Eve, x. 254;
driven through the need-fire, x. 270 _sqq._;
killed by fairy darts, x. 303;
lighted brands carried round, x. 341;
thought to benefit by festivals of fire, xi. 4, 7;
fumigated with smoke of Midsummer herbs, xi. 53.
_See also_ Cows

Cattle and sheep driven through, round, or between bonfires, ii. 327, x.
108, 109, 141, 154, 157, 158, 159, 165, 175, 176, 179, 185,
188, 192, 202, 203, 204, 285, 301, xi. 8, 9, 11 _sq._, 13

Cattle disease, the Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 176;
attributed to witchcraft, x. 302 _sq._, 343.
_See also_ Murrain

—— -plague, need-fire kindled as a remedy for, x. 270 _sqq._;
sacrifice of an animal to stay a, x. 300 _sqq._

—— -rearing tribes of South Africa, their dread of menstruous women, x. 79
_sq._

—— stall, the, at Athens, ii. 137

Catullus on Diana, i. 6, 16;
on self-mutilation of a priest of Attis, v. 270

Caucasus, the Pshaws of the, i. 182;
the Chewsurs of the, i. 282, vi. 65;
the Abchases of the, i. 282 _n._ 4, ii. 370, viii. 105;
the Albanians of the, iii. 349, v. 73, ix. 218;
the Cheremiss of the, iii. 391;
funeral games among the people of the, iv. 97 _sq._;
sacraments of pastoral tribes in the, viii. 313

Caul, children born with a, can see spirits and are counted lucky, i. 187
_sq._, 199;
used to fertilize a rice-field, i. 190 _sq._;
guardian spirit of child thought to reside in its, i. 199 _sq._
_See also_ Cauls

Caul-fat extracted by Australian enemies, iii. 303;
human, rubbed on body as a magical ointment, viii. 162

“Cauld airn,” a protective charm, iii. 233

Cauldron, the magical, which makes the old young again, v. 181

Cauls bought by advocates, i. 199

Caunians of Asia Minor, their expulsion of foreign gods, ix. 116

Causal sequences in nature, recognition of, i. 374

Cauxanas, Indian tribe of the Amazon, kill all their first-born children,
iv. 185 _sq._

Cava, preparation and drinking of, viii. 131

Cavan, County, legendary idol in, iv. 183

Cave, spirit of, worshipped, i. 302;
human god in, i. 394 _sq._;
of Apollo at Hylae, i. 386;
spirit of reindeer in, viii. 245;
initiation of medicine-men by spirits in, xi. 237 _sqq._
_See also_ Caves

Cave of Cruachan, the “Hell-gate of Ireland,” x. 226

Caverns of Demeter, v. 88

Caves, prehistoric paintings of animals in, i. 87 _n._ 1;
in which ceremonies for producing rain are performed, i. 301 _sq._;
limestone, v. 152;
in Semitic religion, v. 169 _n._ 3
_See also_ Cave

Cavo, Monte, in the Alban Hills, i. 2

Cawthorne, in Yorkshire, May garlands (hoops) at, ii. 62 _sq._

Caxton, in Cambridgeshire, ii. 71 _n._ 1

Cayeli, in Buru, sacrifice of girl to crocodile in, ii. 152

Cayenne, the Indians of, their belief in the transmigration of human souls
into fish, viii. 285

Cayor, in Senegal, king of, not allowed to cross the river or the sea,
iii. 9

Cayzac, P., on confession among the Akikuyu, iii. 214

Cazembe, the king of, not to be seen drinking, iii. 118

Cazembes, the, of Angola, their dread of contact with their king, iii. 132
_sq._

Cecrops, first king of Attica, married the daughter of his predecessor,
ii. 277;
said to have instituted marriage, ii. 284;
half-serpent, half-man, iv. 86 _sq._;
father of Agraulus, v. 145;
father of Pandion, vii. 70;
institutes the festival of Cronus, ix. 351

Cedar, sacred, in Gilgit, ii. 49, 50 _sq._;
smoke of, inhaled as mode of inspiration, i. 383 _sq._

—— sprung from the body of Osiris, vi. 110

Cedar-bark, ornaments of, worn in dances, ix. 376;
red, used in ceremonies of a secret society, xi. 271

—— forests of Cilicia, v. 149, 150 _n._ 1

—— tree, girl annually sacrificed to, ii. 17;
Osiris interpreted as a cedar-tree god, vi. 109 _n._ 1

—— wood burned as a religious rite, ii. 130

Ceklinj, in Crnagora, divination on St. George’s morning at, ii. 345

Celaenae in Phrygia, skin of Marsyas shown at, v. 288;
home of Lityerses, vii. 217

Celebes, the Buginese of, i. 158, iv. 277;
rain-making in, i. 277;
magical virtue of regalia in, i. 362 _sqq._;
Loowoo in, i. 364;
fear of offending forest-spirits in, ii. 40;
hooking souls in, iii. 30;
the Alfoors of, iii. 33, 129, 260;
Bolang Mongando in, iii. 53, viii. 54, ix. 121 _n._ 3;
Minahassa in, iii. 63, 99, iv. 214, vii. 296, viii. 100, 123, 153;
exorcism of spirits by means of rice in, iii. 106;
propitiation of the souls of slain enemies in, iii. 166;
the Toumbuluh tribe of, iii. 295, 298;
Poso in, iii. 332, vii. 236, viii. 244;
Boni in, iv. 40;
the Bantiks of, iv. 130 _n._;
sanctity of regalia in, iv. 202;
the Macassars of, iv. 277;
conduct of the inhabitants in an earthquake, v. 200;
division of agricultural work between the sexes in, vii. 124;
observation of the Pleiades in, vii. 313;
customs as to eating the new rice in, viii. 54;
harvest festivals in, viii. 122 _sq._;
kinship of men with crocodiles in, viii. 212;
precautions against mice in, viii. 277 _sq._;
sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15;
Macassar in, x. 14;
souls of persons removed for safety from their bodies in, xi. 153 _sq._

——, Central, ix. 122 _n._;
the Toradjas of, i. 109, 114, 129, 159, 172, 253, 271, 286, 303, ii. 39,
113, iii. 62, 111, 263, 340, 373 _n._, vi. 33, vii. 182 _n._
1, 183, 228, 295, viii. 153, ix. 34, 112 _n._ 2, 265, x. 311
_sqq._;
Parigi in, i. 188;
the Tolalaki of, i. 188, ii. 111, viii. 152;
the Toboongkoos of, i. 189, ii. 28, 35, iii. 48, 78, iv. 219;
the Tomori of, i. 189, ii. 29, 35, 110, vii. 193, 288;
Poso in, ii. 29, 35, iii. 411, vii. 194;
rice strewn on heads of warriors after a raid in, iii. 36;
the Tolindoos of, iii. 78;
the Tolampoos of, iii. 319

——, Northern, Minahassa in, i. 382, viii. 54, ix. 111 _sq._

——, Southern, treatment of the navel-string and afterbirth in, i. 189
_sq._;
rain-charm by means of a cat in, i. 289;
the Toorat-eyas of, i. 361;
customs at childbirth in, ii. 32, iii. 32, 245;
the Macassars and Bugineese of, ii. 110;
rice strewn on heads of bridegrooms and victors in, iii. 35 _sq._;
rule as to treatment of a prince’s corpse in, iii. 238;
marriage custom in, vi. 260;
birth-trees in, xi. 164

——, West, Bolang Mongondo in, iii. 341, 376, ix. 85, 121

Celenderis in Cilicia, v. 41

Celestial power acquired by inoculation, viii. 160 _sq._

Celeus, king of Eleusis, vii. 37;
and Demeter, viii. 334

Celibacy of holy milkmen, iii. 15, 16;
of the Vestal Virgins, x. 138 _n._ 5

Celtic bisection of the year, x. 223

—— calendar of Coligny, i. 17 _n._ 2

—— divinity akin to Artemis, ii. 126

—— festival of the dead, vi. 82

—— and Italian languages akin, ii. 189

—— population, their superstition as to Snake Stones, x. 15

—— stories of the external soul, xi. 126 _sqq._

—— Vestals, ii. 241 _n._ 1

—— year reckoned from November 1st, vi. 81

Celts, their worship of the oak, ii. 9, 362 _sq._, xi. 89;
their worship of the Huntress Artemis, ii. 125 _sq._;
their worship of Arduinna, ii. 126;
holy fires tended by virgins among the, ii. 240;
in Asia, ii. 363;
their theory of names, iii. 319;
their festival of All Souls, vi. 81 _sq._;
their mode of forecasting the weather of the year, ix. 323 _sq._;
their two great fire-festivals on the Eve of May Day and Hallowe’en, x.
222, 224

——, the British, their chief fire-festivals, Beltane and Hallowe’en, xi.
40 _sq._

—— of Brittany, their use of mistletoe, xi. 320

—— of Gaul, their harvest festival, i. 17;
their indifference to death, iv. 142 _sq._;
their calendar, ix. 342 _sqq._;
their human sacrifices, xi. 32 _sq._;
the victims perhaps witches and wizards, xi. 41 _sq._;
W. Mannhardt’s theory of the sacrifices, xi. 43

—— of Ireland, their belief in the blighting effect of incest, ii. 116;
their new fire on Hallowe’en, x. 139

—— of northern Italy, xi. 320

Celts (prehistoric implements), called “thunderbolts,” x. 14 _sq._

Cemeteries, cut hair and nails buried in, iii. 274;
fairs held at, iv. 101, 102

Cenaed, king of the Scots, ii. 286

Censorinus, on the date of the rising of Sirius, vi. 34 _n._ 1;
on the octennial cycle, vii. 81 _n._ 4, 82 _n._ 2, 86 _sq._

Centipedes not to be called by their proper name, iii. 407, 411

Central Provinces of India, belief as to twins in, i. 269;
use of frogs in rain-charms in, i. 293;
ceremonies observed by rearers of silk-worms in the, iii. 194 _n._ 1;
gardens of Adonis in the, v. 242 _sq._;
custom as to cutting the last corn at harvest in the, vii. 222 _n._ 2;
the Parjas of the, viii. 27 _sq._, 28, 119;
customs as to first-fruits in the, viii. 118 _sq._;
the Gadbas of the, viii. 118;
the Mannewars of the, viii. 119;
the Nahals of the, viii. 119;
cholera expelled by means of chickens in the, ix. 190;
cure for fever in the, xi. 190

Ceos, Greek island of, funeral customs in, i. 105;
the rising of Sirius observed in, vi. 35 _n._ 1;
rule as to the pollution of death in, vi. 227;
sick children passed through a cleft oak in, xi. 172

Ceram, i. 125;
treatment of the navel-string in, i. 187;
rain-making in, i. 248;
Alfoors of, their veneration for their high-priest, i. 400;
expiation for unchastity in, ii. 109 _n._ 1;
rule as to girl scratching herself in, iii. 146 _n._ 1;
fear of women’s blood in, iii. 251;
men do not crop their hair in, iii. 260;
division of agricultural work between the sexes in, vii. 124;
ceremony at eating the new rice in, viii. 54;
offerings of first-fruits to ancestors in, viii. 123;
kinship of men with crocodiles in, viii. 212;
sicknesses expelled in a ship from, ix. 185;
sickness transferred to branches in, ix. 186;
seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 36;
belief that strength of young people is in their hair in, xi. 158;
rites of initiation to the Kakian association in, xi. 249 _sqq._

Ceramicus, the, at Athens, graves of warriors in, iv. 96

Cereal deity, viii. 52, 83

Cereals cultivated in ancient Egypt, vi. 30;
in Europe, antiquity of the cultivation of, vii. 79;
cultivated by the early Aryans, vii. 132

Ceremonial purity observed in war, iii. 157.
_See_ Purity, Chastity, Continence

Ceremonies at cutting down haunted trees, ii. 34 _sqq._;
at the reception of strangers, iii. 102 _sqq._;
at entering a strange land, iii. 109 _sqq._;
after slaughter of panthers, lions, bears, serpents, etc., iii. 219
_sqq._;
at haircutting, iii. 264 _sqq._

——, initiatory, of Central Australian aborigines, i. 92 _sqq._

——, magical, for the multiplication of totems, i. 85 _sqq._;
for the regulation of the seasons, v. 3 _sqq._;
to ensure fertility of women, x. 23 _sq._, 31

——, purificatory, on return from a journey, iii. 111 _sqq._

Ceremony of the Horse at rice-harvest among the Garos, viii. 337 _sqq._

Ceres, names of fathers and daughters tabooed during the rites of, iii.
337;
married to Orcus, vi. 231;
corn the gift of, vii. 42;
the, in France, vii. 135;
festival of, vii. 297 _n._ 5;
Roman sacrifices to, viii. 133;
first ears of corn sacrificed to, viii. 133

_Cervulus muntjac_, species of deer, supposed to house the soul of an
ancestor, viii. 294

_Cervus equinus_, a species of deer, claimed as relations by Malanaus in
Borneo, viii. 294

Cetchwayo, king of Zululand, iii. 377

Cetraro in Calabria, Easter custom at, x. 123

Ceylon, _deega_ and _beena_ marriage in, ii. 271 _n._ 1, vi. 215;
custom of tying a knot on a threshing-floor in, iii. 308 _sq._;
sanctity of the threshing-floor in, viii. 110 _n._ 4;
fear of demons in, ix. 94 _sq._;
the king of, and his external soul, xi. 102

Chaco, the Gran, Lengua Indians of, i. 313, 330, 359, iii. 38, 357, iv.
11, 63, viii. 245;
the Guaycurus of, iii. 357, vii. 309;
the Matacos of, x. 58, 59;
the Tobas of, x. 59;
marriage custom of Indians of, x. 75;
Indians of, their treatment of a wound, x. 98 _n._ 1

——, the Paraguayan, ix. 78, x. 56, 75 _n._ 2

Chadwars of the Central Provinces, India, expiation for slaughter of
totemic animal among the, viii. 28

Chadwick, Professor H. M., on female descent of kingship in Greece and
Sweden, ii. 278 _n._ 1;
on the story of Hamlet, ii. 281 _n._ 2;
on the marriage of Canute and Emma, ii. 283 _n._ 1;
on the festival of October 1st, vi. 81 _n._ 3;
on the dismemberment of Halfdan the Black, vi. 100 _n._ 2;
on a priest dressed as a woman, vi. 259 _n._ 2;
on a passage in the _Voluspa_, x. 103 _n._

Chaeronea, the sceptre of Agamemnon worshipped at, i. 365;
the “expulsion of hunger” at, ix. 252

Chain used to expel demons, ix. 260

Chains, iron, worn as amulets, iii. 235;
clanked as a protection against witches, ix. 163;
clanked in masquerade, ix. 244

Chait, an Indian month, ii. 149, viii. 119

Chaka, the Zulu despot, iv. 36 _sq._, viii. 67, xi. 212 _n._;
as a diviner, i. 350

Chaldean priests as to the human wife of Bel, ii. 129 _sq._

Chaldeans, magic of, ix. 64

Chalk, white, bodies of newly initiated lads coated with, xi. 241

Chalk mark on brow a protection against a ghost, iii. 186 _n._ 1

Chalking up crosses as a protection against witches, ix. 160, 162, 165;
on Twelfth Night, ix. 314, 315 _n._, 331

Chama, town on the Gold Coast, Horse-mackerel people at, iv. 129

Chamar caste in the Punjaub, ix. 196

Chamba, in India, ceremony at the funeral of a Rani of, ix. 45

Chambers, E. K., on the Festival of Fools, ix. 336 _n._ 1;
on the Celtic bisection of the year, x. 223

Chambéry, the harvest Wolf near, vii. 275;
“the wound of the Ox” at harvest near, vii. 288;
“killing the Ox” at threshing at, vii. 291

Chambezi river in Central Africa, ii. 277

Chameleon, ceremony at killing a, ix. 28

Champion at English coronation ceremony, ii. 322

Chams, the, of Indo-China, their taboos in search for eagle-wood, i. 120;
their homoeopathic magic at sowing, i. 144;
precautions against ghosts among the, i. 280;
their fear of waking the rice at mid-day, ii. 28 _sq._;
their traditions of human victims sacrificed by drowning, ii. 159;
continence at the making of a dam among the, iii. 202;
open cattle-stalls and unyoke ploughs to aid women in childbed, iii.
297;
use an artificial jargon in searching for eagle-wood, iii. 404;
their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 130 _n._ 1;
their ceremonies at ploughing, sowing, reaping and eating the new rice,
viii. 56 _sqq._;
their sacrifices to the “god rat,” viii. 283;
their belief in transmigration, viii. 291 _sq._

Chang, the house of, ancient Chinese family, i. 413

Change in date of Egyptian festivals with the adoption of the fixed
Alexandrian year, vi. 92 _sqq._

—— of language caused by taboo on the names of the dead, iii. 358 _sqq._,
375;
caused by taboo on names of chiefs and kings, iii. 375, 376 _sqq._

—— of name to deceive ghosts, iii. 354 _sqq._;
as a cure for ill health, iv. 158

Changes of shape, magical, vii. 305

Chants, plaintive, of corn-reapers in antiquity, vi. 45 _sq._

“Charcoal Man” at Midsummer, xi. 26 _n._ 2

Charente Inférieure, department of, St. John’s fires in the, x. 192

Chariot in rain-charm, i. 309;
procession with god riding in a, ii. 130;
patient drawn through the yoke of a, xi. 192

—— and horses dedicated to the sun, i. 315

Chariot-race at Olympia, iv. 91, 104 _sq._, 287;
annual, on the Field of Mars at Rome, viii. 42

—— -races in honour of the dead, iv. 93

Chariots, epidemics sent away in toy, ix. 193 _sq._;
used by sacred persons, x. 4 _n._ 1

Charlemagne, x. 270;
compared to Osiris, vi. 199

Charles I. touches for scrofula, i. 368

Charles II. touches for scrofula, i. 368 _sq._;
champion at his coronation, ii. 322

Charlotte Waters, in Central Australia, the Blind Tree at, i. 147

Charm to protect a town, vi. 249 _sqq._

Charms to ensure long life, i. 168 _sq._;
to prevent the sun from going down, i. 316 _sqq._;
to facilitate childbirth, iii. 295 _sq._
_See also_ Amulets, Magic, Talismans

Charon, places of, v. 204, 205

_Charonia_, places of Charon, v. 204

Chasas of Orissa believe that leprosy is caused by injuring a totemic
animal, viii. 26 _sq._

“Chasing the Wild Man out of the bush,” a Whitsuntide custom, iv. 208
_sq._

“Chasms of Demeter and Persephone,” viii. 17

Chaste young men kindle need-fire, x. 273

Chastity observed for sake of absent persons, i. 123, 124, 125, 131;
required of rain-doctor, i. 271;
practised to make the crops grow, ii. 104 _sqq._;
required of persons who handle dishes and food, ii. 115 _sq._, 205;
Milton on, ii. 118 _n._ 1;
as a virtue not understood by savages, ii. 118;
observed by sacred men, perhaps the husbands of a goddess, ii. 135, 136;
observed by sacred women, ii. 137;
observed by women in making pottery, ii. 204;
required in those who make fire by friction, ii. 238 _sq._;
observed by women at festival of the corn-goddess, v. 43;
ordeal of, v. 115 _n._ 2;
required in sower of seed, vii. 115 _sq._;
observed by matrons at the Thesmophoria, vii. 116;
required in service of sacred serpent, viii. 18;
required of hunter before hunting bears, viii. 226;
associated with abstinence from salt, x. 27 _sq._
_See also_ Continence

Château-Thierry, Midsummer fires at, x. 187 _sq._

Chateaubriand, his description of the Natchez festival, viii. 135 _sqq._

Chatham Islands, birth-trees in the, xi. 165

Chatti, German tribe, their custom as to their hair, iii. 262

Chauci, a German tribe, on the North Sea, ii. 353

Chauta, Master, prayer for rain to, i. 250

_Chavandes_, bonfires on the first Sunday in Lent, x. 109 _n._ 2

Chavantes, Indian tribe of the Tocantins River, iv. 12 _n._ 5

Cheadle, in Staffordshire, the Yule log at, x. 256

Cheese, eaten by human scapegoat before being put to death, ix. 255;
the Beltane, kept as a charm against the bewitching of milk-produce, x.
154

Cheese Monday, the Monday of the last week in Carnival, celebrated by
Thracian and Bulgarian peasants, vii. 26, viii. 333

_Chegilla_, food taboos in Congo, iii. 137

Cheltenham, Jack-in-the-Green at, ii. 82 _sq._

Chemakum tribe of Washington State, prohibition to mention the names of
the dead in the, iii. 365

Chemistry, alchemy leads up to, i. 374

Chemmis in Egypt, temple of Perseus at, iii. 312 _n._ 2

_Chêne-Doré_, “the gilded oak,” in Perche, xi. 287 _n._ 1

Chenourazah, king of the Maldive Islands, ii. 153

Chent-Ament (Khenti-Amenti), title of Osiris, vi. 87

Chephren, king of Egypt, his statue, vi. 21 _sq._

Chepstow oak, in Gloucestershire, mistletoe on the, xi. 316

Cheremiss, the, of Russia, their sacred groves, ii. 44;
will not fell trees while the corn is in bloom, ii. 49;
keep the names of their villages secret, iii. 391;
their custom at eating the new corn, viii. 51;
offer cakes instead of horses, viii. 95 _n._ 2;
their expulsion of Satan, ix. 156;
their Midsummer festival, x. 181

Chero, the, of Mirzapur, their contagious magic of footprints, i. 209

Cherokee Indians, their myth of the Old Woman of the Corn, vi. 46 _sq._;
their lamentations after “the first working of the corn,” vi. 47;
annual expulsion of evils among the, ix. 128.
_See also_ Cherokees

—— hunters pray to the eagles they have killed, viii. 236; ask pardon of
the deer they kill, viii. 241

—— mythology, viii. 204 _sq._

—— sorcery with spittle, iii. 287 _sq._

Cherokees, homoeopathic magic of plants among the, i. 144, 146 _sq._;
their charms to ensure success in ball-playing, i. 144, 155;
foods avoided by the, on homoeopathic principles, i. 155;
homoeopathic magic of animals among the, i. 155 _sq._;
their charm to become good singers, i. 156;
their charm to strengthen a child’s grip, i. 156; their mode of averting
an evil omen, i. 172;
their custom as to children’s cast teeth, i. 180;
their treatment of the navel-string, i. 198;
their mode of averting a storm, i. 321;
try to deceive the spirits of rattlesnakes and eagles, iii. 399;
think that to step over a vine blasts it, iii. 424;
personify maize as an Old Woman, vii. 177;
their way of attracting the corn, vii. 190;
their festival of first-fruits, viii. 72 _n._ 2;
their belief in the homoeopathic magic of the flesh of animals, viii.
139;
no clear distinction between animals and men in their mythology, viii.
204 _sq._;
their respect for rattlesnakes, viii. 218 _sq._;
their ceremonies at killing a wolf, viii. 220 _sq._;
their propitiation of the eagles which they have killed, viii. 236;
their custom of removing the hamstring of deer, viii. 266;
their sacred arks, x. 11 _sq._;
their ideas as to trees struck by lightning, xi. 296 _sq._

Cherrington, in Warwickshire, the Queen of May at, ii. 88

Cherry-tree, charm to make it bear fruit, i. 141;
wood used for Yule log, x. 250

—— -trees, branches of, used to beat people with in the Christmas
holidays, ix. 270;
torches thrown at, x. 108

Chersonese, the Thracian, iv. 93

Chervil-seed burnt in Midsummer-fire, x. 213

Cheshire, May-poles in, ii. 70 _sq._;
popular cure for rheumatism in, iii. 106 _n._ 2;
All Souls’ Day in, vi. 79;
Plough Monday in, viii. 330 _n._ 1;
cure for thrush in, ix. 50;
cure for warts in, ix. 57

_Chesnitsa_, Christmas cake in Servia, x. 261

Chester, Midsummer giants at, xi. 37

Chet, Indian month (March-April), iv. 265

Chetang, mountains of, in Tibet, ix. 220

Chetti worshipped in the Deccan, vii. 7

_Chevannes_, bonfires on the first Sunday in Lent, x. 111 _n._ 1

Chevas of South Africa, their notion as to whirlwinds, i. 331 _n._ 2

Chewsurs of the Caucasus, their rain-charm, i. 282;
taboos observed by an annual official among the, iii. 292 _sq._;
their annual Festival of All Souls, iv. 98, vi. 65;
their funeral games, iv. 98

Cheyenne Indians, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 54 _sq._

—— women secluded at menstruation, x. 89

Cheyne, Professor T. K., on the brazen serpent, iv. 86 _n._ 4;
on lament for kings of Judah, v. 20 _n._ 2

Chhatarpur, in Bundelcund, ceremony for stopping rain at, i. 296 _sq._

Chiambioa Indians of Brazil, their masked dances, viii. 208 _n._ 1

Chiaromonte in Sicily, Midsummer custom at, x. 210

Chibchas (Muyscas or Mozcas), the, of Colombia, their reverence for the
pontiff of Sogamozo, i. 416

Chibisa, an African chief, killed by a sand-bullet, xi. 314

_Chica_ or _chicha_, a native American intoxicant, ii. 105, iii. 250 _n._
1, x. 57, 58

Chi-chi Mama, “the Drenched Mother,” in rain-making, in Armenia, i. 276

Chicken bones, omens from, ii. 70

Chickens, sickness transferred to, ix. 31;
as scapegoats, ix. 190

Chicomecohuatl, Mexican goddess of maize, vii. 176, ix. 286 _n._ 1, 291,
292;
girl annually sacrificed in the character of, ix. 292 _sqq._

Chicory, the white flower of, opens all locks, xi. 71

Chidley, Cape, spirit of reindeer in cave at, viii. 245

Chief, power of divination possessed by, i. 344;
as priest, ii. 215 _sqq._;
ancestral, reincarnate in snakes, v. 84;
the divinity of a, supposed to reside in his eyes, viii. 153.
_See also_ Chiefs

Chiefs daughter, ceremonies observed by her at puberty, x. 30, 43

—— head not to be touched, i. 344

Chiefs, sorcerers regarded as, in New Guinea, i. 337 _sq._;
in Melanesia, supernatural power of, i. 338 _sqq._;
evolved out of magicians, especially out of rain-makers, in Africa, i.
342 _sqq._;
magical powers ascribed to, i. 349;
not allowed to leave their premises, i. 349;
punished for drought and dearth, i. 352 _sqq._;
as priests, ii. 215 _sq._, viii. 126;
chosen from several families in rotation, ii. 292 _sqq._;
foods tabooed to, iii. 291, 292;
names of, tabooed, iii. 376 _sq._, 378 _sq._, 381, 382

——, dead, worshipped, vi. 175, 176, 177, 179, 181 _sq._, 187;
thought to control the rain, vi. 188;
sacrifices to, vi. 191, viii. 113;
spirits of, prophesy through living men and women, vi. 192 _sq._;
spirits of, give rain, viii. 109;
deified after death, viii. 125;
souls of, in lions, viii. 287 _sq._

—— and kings tabooed, iii. 131 _sqq._

—— in the Pelew Islands, custom of slaying, vi. 266 _sqq._

——, sacred, viii. 28;
not allowed to leave their enclosures, iii. 124;
regarded as dangerous, iii. 138

Chiefs’ daughters entrusted with the sacred fire among the Herero, ii.
215, 228

Chieftainship and kingship in Africa fully developed, i. 342

Chikumbu, a Yao chief, xi. 314

Chilblains, the Yule log a preventive of, x. 250

Chilcotin Indians of North-West America, their ceremony at an eclipse of
the sun, i. 312, iv. 77

Child, carried by sower to ensure fertility, i. 142;
under puberty employed by Ba-Ronga women to light the potter’s kiln, ii.
205;
placed in bride’s lap as a fertility charm, ii. 230 _sq._;
born on harvest-field, pretence of, vii. 150 _sq._
_See also_ Children

“—— of the assegai,” iv. 183

—— and father, supposed danger of resemblance between, iii. 88 _sq._, iv.
287 (288, in Second Impression)

“Child-stones,” where souls of dead await rebirth, v. 100

Child’s life bound up with the tree with or under which its navel-string
or after-birth was planted, i. 182, 184, 194

—— nails bitten off, iii. 262

—— Well at Oxford, ii. 161

Childbed, woman in, thought to control the wind, i. 324;
souls of women dying in, live in trees, ii. 31;
taboos on women in, iii. 147 _sqq._;
precautions taken with women in, iii. 314;
deceiving the ghosts of women who have died in, viii. 97 _sq._

Childbirth, Diana as goddess of, i. 12, ii. 128;
precautions taken with mothers at, iii. 32, 33, 233, 234, 239, 245;
women tabooed at, iii. 145;
supposed dangerous infection of, iii. 147 _sqq._;
confessions of sins to expedite, iii. 216 _sq._;
women after, their hair shaved and burnt, iii. 284;
knots untied at, iii. 294, 296 _sq._, 297 _sq._;
homoeopathic magic to facilitate, iii. 295 _sqq._;
primitive ignorance of the causes of, v. 106 _sq._;
customs of women after, x. 20

Childermas (Holy Innocents’ Day), the 28th day of December, Boy Bishop on,
ix. 336, 337

Childless couples leap over bonfires to procure offspring, x. 214, 338

—— persons named after their younger brothers, iii. 332, 333

—— women divorced, i. 142;
their corpses thrown away, i. 142;
homoeopathic charm employed by, to ensure the birth of children, i. 157;
expect offspring from St. George, v. 78;
resort to Baths of Solomon, v. 78;
receive offspring from serpent, v. 86; resort to graves in order to
secure offspring, v. 96;
resort to hot springs in Syria, v. 213 _sqq._;
creep through a holed stone, xi. 187.
_See also_ Barren

Children thought to be reincarnations of the dead, i. 103 _sqq._;
taboos observed by, in the absence of their fathers, i. 116, 119, 122,
123, 127, 131;
homoeopathic charm to ensure the birth of, i. 157;
born with a caul thought to be lucky and to see spirits, i. 187 _sq._,
199;
buried to the neck as a rain-charm, i. 302 _sq._;
dislike of parents to have children like themselves, iii. 88 _sq._, iv.
287 (288, in Second Impression);
young, tabooed, iii. 262, 283;
parents named after their, iii. 331 _sqq._, 339;
called the fathers or mothers of their first cousins, iii. 332 _sq._;
sacrificed to Moloch, iv. 75;
sacrificed by the Semites, iv. 166 _sqq._;
bestowed by saints, v. 78 _sq._;
given by serpent, v. 86;
murdered that their souls may be reborn in barren women, v. 95;
sacrificed to volcano in Siao, v. 219;
sacrificed at irrigation channels, vi. 38;
sacrificed by the Mexicans for the maize, vi. 107;
presented to the moon, vi. 144 _sqq._;
guarded against evil spirits, vii. 6 _sqq._;
employed to administer drugs and the poison ordeal, vii. 115;
employed to sow seed, vii. 115 _sq._;
sacrificed at harvest, vii. 236;
blood of, used to knead a paste, ix. 129;
personating spirits, ix. 139;
live apart from their parents among the Baganda, x. 23 _n._ 2;
passed across the Midsummer fires, x. 182, 189 _sq._, 192, 203;
born feet foremost, curative power attributed to, x. 295;
passed through holes in ground or turf to cure them, xi. 190 _sq._
_See also_ Child

—— of God in Kikuyu, v. 68

—— of living parents in ritual, vi. 236 _sqq._;
apparently thought to be endowed with more vitality than others, vi. 247
_sq._

——, new-born, brought to the spirits of the ancestors, ii. 216, 221;
passed through the smoke of a fire, ii. 232;
brought to the hearth, ii. 232;
placed in winnowing-fans, vii. 6 _sqq._

Children’s nails not pared, iii. 262 _sq._

_Chili_, sacred cedar among the Aryan tribes of Gilgit, ii. 49, 50 _sq._

Chili stone, ceremony of fertilizing goats at the, ii. 51

Chili, the Chilote Indians of, i. 168;
the Araucanians of, i. 292 _n._ 3, iii. 97;
disposal of shorn hair in, iii. 280;
earthquakes in, v. 202

Chillingworth, Thomas, passed through a cleft ash-tree for rupture, xi.
168 _sq._

Chiloe, the Indians of, keep their names secret, iii. 324

Chilote Indians of Chili, their belief as to death at ebb-tide, i. 168;
their magical use of shorn hair, iii. 268;
make magic with the spittle of an enemy, iii. 287

Chimaera, Mount, in Lycia, perpetual fire on, v. 221

Chimché-gelin, rain-bride, in Armenia, i. 276

Chimney, witches fly up the, xi. 74

Chimney-piece, divination by names on, x. 237

China, homoeopathic magic of city sites in, i. 169 _sq._;
birthday celebration in, i. 169;
trees planted on graves in, ii. 31;
new-born children passed through the smoke of fire in, ii. 232 _n._ 2;
custom as to shadows at funerals in, iii. 80;
custom at an execution in, iii. 171;
geomancy in, iii. 239;
suicide of Buddhist monks in, iv. 42;
substitutes for corporal punishment in, iv. 275 _sq._;
ceremony at beginning of spring in, viii. 10 _sqq._;
belief in demons in, ix. 99;
men possessed by spirits in, ix. 117;
annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 145 _sqq._;
annual ceremony of the new fire in, x. 136 _sq._, xi. 3;
were-wolves in, x. 310 _sq._;
use of fire to bar ghosts in, xi. 17 _sq._;
spirits of plants in snake form in, xi. 44 _n._ 1;
use of mugwort in, xi. 60.
_See also_ Chinese

——, aboriginal tribes of, their use of a human scapegoat, ix. 196;
their annual destruction of evils, ix. 202

——, Emperor of, superior to the gods, i. 416 _sq._;
seldom quitted his palace, iii. 125;
his directions for averting the devil, iii. 239;
his name not to be pronounced nor written by his subjects, iii. 375
_sq._;
etiquette at his court, iv. 40;
funeral of, v. 294;
inaugurates the ploughing in spring, viii. 14 _sq._

——, emperors of, as priests, i. 47;
held responsible for drought, i. 355

——, the Miotse of, ix. 4

——, the Mossos of, ix. 139

——, South and West, the Miao-Kia of, ii. 31

——, Southern, expulsion of the demons of cholera in, ix. 117 _sq._;
the Shans of, ix. 141

Chinchvad, human gods at, i. 405 _sq._

Chinese, magical images among the, i. 60 _sq._;
their charms to ensure long life, i. 168 _sq._;
their superstition as to placenta (afterbirth), i. 194;
their belief as to the influence of the dead on rain, i. 287;
their modes of compelling the rain-god to give rain, i. 297 _sqq._;
their emperor responsible for drought, i. 355;
their belief in spirits of plants, ii. 14;
their custom of marrying a girl to the Yellow River, ii. 152;
kindle a sacred fire by means of a metal mirror or burning-glass, ii.
245 _n._;
their story of a wandering human soul and its deserted body, iii. 49
_sq._;
attribute convulsions to the action of demons, iii. 59;
their use of mirrors to frighten demons, iii. 93 _n._ 3;
use no knives nor needles after a death, iii. 238;
their belief as to the intimate association of names with beings, iii.
390;
their indifference to death, iv. 144 _sqq._, 273 _sqq._;
report a custom of devouring first-born children, iv. 180;
their character compared to that of the ancient Egyptians, vi. 218;
their use of sieve or winnowing-fan in superstitious rites, vii. 6, 9
_sq._;
their ceremony of ploughing, viii. 14 _sq._;
their theory as to courage, viii. 145 _sq._, 152;
their ceremonies of purification in spring and autumn, ix. 213 _n._ 1;
their festival of fire, ix. 359, xi. 3 _sqq._;
their story of the external soul, xi. 145 _sq._;
their theories as to the human soul, xi. 221

Chinese of Amoy averse to call fever by its proper name, iii. 400;
their use of effigies to divert ghostly and other evil influences from
persons, viii. 104 _sq._

Chinese author on disturbance of earth-spirits by agriculture, v. 89

—— books, bleeding trees in, ii. 18

—— comedies played as a rain-charm, i. 301 _n._

—— empire, incarnate human gods in the, i. 412 _sqq._

—— geomancy, i. 170

—— New Year, viii. 10

—— writers on kings of Corea, i. 355;
as to injury to men and birds through their shadows, iii. 79;
as to blood containing the soul, iii. 241;
profess themselves unable to distinguish between men and animals, viii.
206

Chingilli, an Australian tribe, their custom of knocking out teeth, i. 99

Chinigchinich, a Californian god, viii. 170

Chinna Kimedy, in India, vii. 247, 249

Chinook Indians, prohibition to mention the names of the dead among the,
iii. 365;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 43

Chins, the, of Upper Burma, their offerings of first-fruits to their
ancestors, viii. 121;
their way of keeping off cholera, ix. 123

Chios, titular kings in, i. 45, 46 _n._ 4;
human beings torn in pieces at the rites of Dionysus in, vi. 98 _sq._,
vii. 24

Chippeway Indians, magical images among the, i. 77;
their dread and seclusion of menstruous women, x. 90 _sq._

Chiquites Indians of Paraguay, their belief as to _chica_, iii. 250 _n._
1;
their fear of dead deer and turtles, viii. 241;
their theory of sickness, xi. 226 _n._ 1

Chirbury, in Shropshire, the Yule log at, x. 257

Chiriguanos, the, of South America, their preference for a violent death,
iv. 12;
their address to the sun, vi. 143 _n._ 4;
why they will not eat the vicuña, viii. 140;
their belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals, viii.
286;
their practice of bleeding themselves to relieve fatigue, ix. 13;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 56

Chiriqui, volcano, v. 181

Chirol, (Sir) Valentine, on substitutes for capital punishment in China,
iv. 274

Chiron, the centaur, taught Hippolytus venery, i. 19

_Chirouba_, festival in Manipur, ix. 40

Chirus of Manipur, their rain-making by means of a crab, i. 289;
their tug-of-war, ix. 177 _n._ 3

Chisaks, a tribe of Garos, their harvest festival, viii. 337

Chissumpe, the spiritual head of the Maraves, i. 393

Chitariah Gossaih, god of a hill-tribe in India, viii. 118

Chitomé or Chitombé, a pontiff of Congo, his perpetual fire, ii. 261;
regarded as a god on earth, iii. 5 _sq._, 7;
slain by his successor, iv. 14 _sq._, 206

Chitral, devil-driving in, ix. 137

Chittagong, opening everything in house to facilitate childbirth in, iii.
297;
nail knocked into threshold at a burial in, ix. 63 _n._ 4

—— Hill Tracts, the Chukmas of the, ix. 174

Chittim (Citium) in Cyprus, Phoenician kings at, v. 31

Chnum of Elephantine, Egyptian god identified with the sun, vi. 123

Choctaws, taboos observed by manslayers among the, iii. 181;
their annual festival of the dead, vi. 53 _sq._;
their women secluded at menstruation, x. 88

Chodoi, in Selangor, ceremony of bringing home the soul of the rice at,
vii. 198

Choerilus, Greek historian, as to the epitaph of Sardanapalus, ix. 388
_n._ 1

Cholera sent away in animal scapegoats, ix. 190, 191 _sq._

——, demon of, expelled, ix. 116, 117, 172;
threatened with swords, ix. 123;
conjured into an image, ix. 172;
sent away on a raft, ix. 190

——, goddess of, kept off by iron, iii. 234;
sent away in a little chariot, ix. 194

Cholones, the, of eastern Peru, their custom as to poisoned arrows, i.
116;
their charms against snake-bite, etc., i. 153

Cholula, a city of Mexico, worship of Quetzalcoatl at, ix. 281

Chonga, on the Niger, the king of, keeps himself concealed, iii. 121

Chopping-knife, soul of woman in childbirth transferred for safety to a,
xi. 153 _sq._

Chorinchen, custom at threshing at, vii. 148

Chorion or foetal membrane, Icelandic belief as to, i. 199 _sq._

Chota Nagpur in India, ceremonies observed by rearers of silkworms in,
iii. 194 _n._ 1;
the Oraons of, vii. 244;
stones or leaves piled on places where persons have been killed by wild
beasts in, ix. 19;
annual expulsion of disease in, ix. 139;
the fire-walk in, xi. 5

Chouquet, in Normandy, the Green Wolf at, x. 185

Chouville, Léon, on the King of the Bean in France, ix. 315 _n._ 1

Chréais or Jaray, tribe in the mountains of Cambodia, their Kings of Fire
and Water, ii. 3

Christ, his Nativity, v. 304 _sq._;
his crucifixion, v. 306 _sqq._, ix. 412 _sqq._;
his resurrection, v. 306, 307 _n._, 308 _sqq._;
doubts as to his historical reality unfounded, v. 311 _n._ 2, ix. 412
_n._ 1;
and Osiris, vi. 59

_Christbrand_, the Yule log, x. 248

Christenburg Crags, in Northumberland, Midsummer fires at, x. 198

Christian, Captain, his mode of execution, iii. 244

Christian, F. W., on the prostitution of unmarried girls in Yap, vi. 265
_sq._

Christian Church, its treatment of witches, xi. 42.
_See_ Church

—— festivals displace heathen festivals, i. 14 _sqq._, v. 308, vi. 81
_sqq._;
the great, timed by the Church to coincide with old pagan festivals, ix.
328

Christianity, purifying influence of, v. 80;
its conflict with the Mithraic religion, v. 302 _sqq._;
its success due to the personal influence of its founder, vi. 159 _sq._;
its rapid diffusion in Asia Minor, ix. 420 _sq._

Christianity, Latin, its tolerance of rustic paganism, ix. 346

—— and Buddhism, comparison between their history, v. 310 _sqq._

—— and paganism, their resemblances explained as diabolical counterfeits,
v. 302, 309 _sq._

Christians, pretenders to divinity among, i. 407 _sqq._

—— and pagans, their controversy as to Easter, v. 309 _sq._

_Christklotz_, the Yule log, x. 248

Christmas, custom of swinging at, iv. 284;
festival of, borrowed from the Mithraic religion, v. 302 _sqq._;
the heathen origin of, v. 305;
straw of Corn-mother placed in manger of cattle at, vii. 134;
the last sheaf given to cattle at, vii. 155, 158, 160 _sq._;
boar sacrificed at, vii. 302;
pretence of human sacrifice at, vii. 302;
dances to make the flax grow at, viii. 328;
custom of young men and women beating each other at, ix. 270;
an old midwinter festival of the sun-god, ix. 328, x. 246, 331 _sq._;
new fire made by the friction of wood at, x. 264;
mistletoe gathered at, xi. 291.
_See also_ Yule

Christmas Boar among the Esthonians, vii. 302 _sq._

—— cake, x. 257, 259, 261

—— candle, the, x. 255, 256, 260

—— custom in Poland, vii. 275;
in Sweden, vii. 301 _sq._

—— Day, hunting the wren on, viii. 319, 320;
Mexican festival on, ix. 287;
divination on, ix. 316 _n._ 1;
Old (Twelfth Night), ix. 321

—— drama in Sweden, viii. 327 _sq._

—— Eve, fruit-trees girt or tied together with straw on, ii. 17, 27 _sq._;
barren fruit-trees threatened on, ii. 21;
presages as to shadows on, iii. 88;
celebration of, in Oesel, vii. 302;
hunting the wren on, viii. 318, 321;
witches active on, ix. 160;
cattle acquire the gift of speech on, x. 254;
torchlight processions on, x. 266;
trees fumigated with wild thyme on, xi. 64;
the fern blooms on, xi. 66;
witches dreaded on, xi. 73;
sick children passed through cleft trees on, xi. 172

—— night, fern-seed blooms on, xi. 289

—— pig in Servia, x. 259

—— visitor, the, x. 261 _sq._, 263, 264

Christs, Russian sect of the, i. 407 _sq._

Chrudim in Bohemia, effigy of Death burnt at, iv. 239

Chu-en-aten, name assumed by King Amenophis IV. of Egypt, vi. 124

Chu-Tu-shi, a Chinese were-tiger, x. 310 _sq._

Chua-hang or Troc, the caves of, in Annam, i. 301 _sq._

Chuckchees or Chukchees of North-Eastern Asia, their chief sacrificed in
time of pestilence, i. 367 _n._ 1;
sacred fire-boards of the, ii. 225 _sq._;
divine by the shoulder-blades of sheep, iii. 229 _n._ 4;
change the name of the youngest son after his mother’s death, iii. 358;
voluntary deaths among the, iv. 13;
effeminate sorcerers among the, vi. 256 _sq._;
their ceremony at killing a wolf, viii. 221

Chukmas, a tribe of the Chittagong Hill racts, the tug-of-war among the,
ix. 174

Chunar, in Bengal, rain-making ceremony t, i. 283