Chapter XVI: Part 16

Dew, washing in the, on May morning to ensure a fine complexion and guard
against witchcraft, ii. 54, 67;
gathered on Midsummer morning protects cattle against witchcraft, ii.
127, xi. 74;
shepherds wash in the, on April 21st, ii. 327;
rolling or washing in the, on St. George’s morning, ii. 333, 339;
protects cattle against witchcraft on St. George’s morning, ii. 335;
washing or rolling in, on Midsummer Eve or Day, as a remedy for diseases
of the skin, v. 246 _sq._, 248, x. 208, with _n._ 1;
a daughter of Zeus and the moon, vi. 137

“Dew-treading” in Holland, ii. 104 _n._ 2

Dharmi or Dharmesh, the Supreme God of the Oraons, ix. 92 _sq._

Dhimals, the, of Assam, mourners shaved among, iii. 285

Dhinwar class in North-West India, girls of the, married to a god, ii. 149

Dhurma Rajah, incarnate deity in Bhotan, i. 410

_DI_, Aryan root meaning “bright,” ii. 381

Dia, Roman goddess, her grove on the Tiber, ii. 122

Diabolical counterfeits, resemblances of paganism to Christianity
explained as, v. 302, 309 _sq._

Diagora, elective monarchy in, ii. 293

Dialectical differences a cause of the duplication of deities, ii. 382
_sq._

Diana, as patroness of cattle, i. 7, ii. 124;
as a torch-bearer, i. 12;
as goddess of childbirth, i. 12, 40, ii. 128, 378;
her festival on the 13th of August, i. 12, 14;
in relation to vines and fruits, i. 15 _sq._, ii. 128;
as a goddess of fertility, i. 40, 120 _sqq._, ii. 115, 378;
in relation to animals of the woods, ii. 121, 124, 125 _sqq._;
associated with Silvanus, ii. 121;
groves sacred to, ii. 121;
as the moon, ii. 128;
on the Aventine, ii. 128;
Mount Algidus a haunt of, ii. 380;
her temple on Mount Tifata, ii. 380;
a Mother Goddess, v. 45

—— and Dianus, ii. 376 _sqq._, v. 27, 45

—— (Jana), a double of Juno, ii. 190 _sq._, 381 _sq._, xi. 302 _n._ 2

—— at Nemi, her sanctuary, i. 2 _sqq._, v. 45;
as huntress, i. 6;
priest of, i. 8 _sqq._, xi. 315;
as Vesta, i. 13, ii. 380;
mate of the King of the Wood, i. 40, 41, ii. 121, 380;
as a goddess of the oak, ii. 380

——, the Tauric, i. 10 _sq._;
her bloody ritual, i. 11, 24

Diana and Virbius, i. 19 _sqq._, 40 _sq._;
perhaps annually married at Nemi, ii. 129

Diana’s day, 13th of August, iii. 253

—— Mirror, the Lake of Nemi, i. 1, xi. 303

Dianus (Janus), a double of Jupiter, ii. 190 _sq._, 381 _sq._

—— and Diana, ii. 376 _sqq._, v. 27, 45

Diapina, in West Africa, ii. 293

_Diascorea_, a species of, eaten by the Australian aborigines, vii. 127
_n._ 2

Diasia, an Athenian festival, cakes shaped like animals sacrificed at the,
viii. 95 _n._ 2

Dice used in divination, ix. 220; played at festivals, ix. 350

Dickens, Charles, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ quoted, i. 149 _n._ 5;
on death at ebb-tide, i. 168

Dictynna and Minos, iv. 73

Dido, her magical rites, iii. 312;
flees from Tyre, v. 50;
her traditional death in the fire, v. 114;
worshipped at Carthage, v. 114;
meaning of the name, v. 114 _n._ 1;
an Avatar of Astarte, v. 177;
how she procured the site of Carthage, vi. 250

Diels, Professor H., on human gods in ancient Greece, i. 390 _n._ 2

Dieppe, fishermen of, their tabooed words, iii. 396

Dieri, the, tribe of Central Australia, their magic for the multiplication
of carpet-snakes and iguanas, i. 90;
their custom as to extracted teeth, i. 177;
rain-making ceremonies of, i. 255 _sqq._, xi. 232;
principal headman of, a medicine-man, i. 336;
believe certain trees to be their fathers transformed, ii. 29;
use of bull-roarers among, vii. 106, xi. 229 _sq._, 232;
drank blood of slain men to make themselves brave, viii. 151;
their expulsion of a demon, ix. 110;
their dread of women at menstruation, x. 77

Diet regulated on the principle of homoeopathic magic, i. 135;
of kings and priests regulated, iii. 291 _sqq._

Dieterich, A., on rebirth, iii. 369 _n._ 3

Difference of language between husbands and wives, iii. 347 _sq._;
between men and women, iii. 348 _sq._

Digger Indians of California, ashes of dead smeared on head of mourner
among the, viii. 164

Digging the fields, homoeopathic magic at, i. 139

Digging-sticks used by women, vii. 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128

Dijon, ox killed at harvest near, vii. 290;
Lenten fires at, x. 114

Diminution of shadow regarded with apprehension, iii. 86 _sq._

Dinant, Feast of All Souls in, vi. 70

Dingelstedt, in district of Erfurt, harvest custom at, vii. 221

Dingle, church of St. Brandon near, xi. 190

Dinkas or Denkas, the, of the White Nile, iv. 28 _sqq._;
magical powers of chiefs among, i. 347;
worship a supreme being called Dengdit, iv. 30;
totemism of, iv. 30 _sq._;
their rain-makers, iv. 31 _sqq._;
their rain-makers not allowed to die a natural death, iv. 33;
their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, v. 82 _sq._;
pour milk on graves, v. 87;
their reverence for their cattle, viii. 37 _sqq._;
their offering of first-fruits, viii. 114;
their use of cows as scapegoats, ix. 193

Dinkelsbühl in Bavaria, the Corn-mother at, vii. 133

_Dinnschenchas_ or _Dinnsenchus_, early Irish document, iv. 183 _n._ 4

Dio Chrysostom, as to the soul on the lips, iii. 33;
on fame as a shadow, iii. 86 _sq._;
on the people of Tarsus, v. 118;
on pyre at Tarsus, v. 126 _n._ 1;
on the Sacaea, ix. 368, 402 _n._ 1;
on Sardanapalus, ix. 390 _n._ 1;
his account of the treatment of the mock king of the Sacaea, ix. 414

Diocles, prince of Eleusis, vii. 37

Diodorus Siculus, on divine honours accorded to Hippolytus, i. 25 _n._ 1;
on adoption of Hercules by Hera, i. 74;
on the worship of Egyptian kings, i. 418 _n._ 2;
on Amulius Silvius, king of Alba, ii. 180;
on the origin of fire, ii. 256 _n._ 1;
on Peleus in Phthia, ii. 278 _n._ 4;
on the rules of life observed by Egyptian kings, iii. 12 _sq._;
on the worship of Poseidon in Peloponnese, v. 203;
on the burial of Osiris, vi. 10 _sq._;
on the rise of the Nile, vi. 31 _n._ 1;
on the date of harvest in Egypt, vi. 32 _n._ 2;
on Osiris as a sun-god, vi. 120;
on the predominance of women over men in ancient Egypt, vi. 214;
on worship of Demeter and Persephone, vii. 56 _sqq._;
on the laments of the Egyptian reapers, vii. 215;
on the human sacrifices of the Celts, xi. 32 Diomede, at Troezen, i. 27;
white horses sacrificed to, i. 27;
sacred grove of, i. 27;
marries the daughter of the king of Daunia, ii. 278 _sq._;
human sacrifices to, iv. 166 _n._ 1, v. 145

_Dionaea_, Venus’ fly-trap, homoeopathic magic of, i. 144

Dione, wife of Zeus at Dodona, ii. 189;
the old consort of Zeus, ii. 381, 382

Dionysiac festival of the opening of the wine jars, ix. 351 _sq._

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, on the simplicity of Roman worship, ii. 202
_sq._;
on the Etruscans, ii. 287 _n._ 4;
on Tarquin the Proud, ii. 291 _n._ 2

Dionysus, vii. 1 _sqq._;
mated with Artemis, i. 36;
advises the Edonians to put their king Lycurgus to death, i. 366;
the Lenaean festival of, ii. 44;
marriage of, to the Queen of Athens, ii. 136 _sq._, vii. 30 _sq._;
in the Marshes, sanctuary of, ii. 137;
as a bull, ii. 137 _n._ 1, v. 123, vii. 16 _sq._, 31, viii. 3 _sqq._;
and Ariadne, ii. 138;
his face or body sometimes painted red, ii. 175;
identified with ivy, ii. 251;
in the city, festival of, iii. 316;
the tomb of, at Delphi, iv. 3;
human sacrifice consummated by a priest of, iv. 163;
boys sacrificed to, iv. 166 _n._ 1;
with vine and plough-man on a coin, v. 166;
ancient interpretation of, v. 194, 213;
death, resurrection, and ascension of, v. 302 _n._ 4, vii. 12 _sqq._,
32;
torn in pieces, vi. 98, vii. 13, 14;
and Lycurgus, vi. 98, vii. 24;
and Pentheus, vi. 98, vii. 24;
human sacrifices to, in Chios, vi. 98 _sq._, vii. 24;
his coarse symbolism, vi. 113;
identified with Osiris, vi. 113, vii. 3;
similarity of the rites of, to those of Osiris, vi. 113, 127;
race of boys at vintage from his sanctuary, vi. 238;
men dressed as women in the rites of, vi. 258;
the effeminate, vi. 259;
god of the vine, vii. 2 _sq._;
god of trees, vii. 3 _sq._;
the Flowery, vii. 4; a god of agriculture and corn, vii. 5, 29;
and the winnowing-fan, vii. 5 _sqq._, 27, 29;
as Zagreus, vii. 12;
horned, vii. 12, 16;
son of Zeus by Persephone, Demeter, or Semele, vii. 12, 14;
the sacred heart of, vii. 13, 14, 15;
ritual of, vii. 14 _sq._;
his grave at Delphi or at Thebes, vii. 14;
torn to pieces at Thebes, vii. 14, 25;
his descent into Hades, vii. 15;
as god of the dead, vii. 16;
live animals rent in rites of, vii. 17, 18, viii. 16;
as a goat, vii. 17 _sq._, viii. 1 _sqq._;
human sacrifices in his rites, vii. 24;
his death and resurrection perhaps acted at the Anthesteria, vii. 32;
a barbarous deity, vii. 34;
son of Zeus and Demeter, vii. 66;
and the bull-roarer, vii. 110 _n._ 4;
his relations to Pan, Satyrs, and Silenuses, viii. 1 _sqq._;
his resurrection perhaps enacted in his rites, viii. 16;
the Foxy, viii. 282;
and the drama, ix. 384

Dioscorides on mistletoe, xi. 318 _n._ 1

Diospolis Parva (How), monument of Osiris at, vi. 110

Diphilus, king of Cyprus, v. 146

Dipping for apples at Hallowe’en, x. 237, 239, 241, 242, 245

Dirk to be called by another name on meeting a goblin, iii. 396

Disappearance of early kings, iv. 28, 31

Disc, winged, as divine emblem, v. 132

Discoloration, annual, of the river Adonis, v. 30, 225

Discovery of fire, ii. 255 _sqq._;
of the body of Osiris, vi. 85 _sq._

Discs, burning, thrown into the air, x. 116 _sq._, 119, 143, 165, 166, 168
_sq._, 172, 328, 334;
burning, perhaps directed at witches, x. 345

Disease, demons of, expelled by pungent spices, pricks, and cuts, iii. 105
_sq._;
transferred to other people, ix. 6 _sq._;
transferred to tree, ix. 7;
transferred to effigies, ix. 7;
demons of, exorcized by devil-dancers, ix. 38;
caused by ghosts, ix. 85;
annual expulsion of, ix. 139;
sent away in little ships, ix. 185 _sqq._;
walking through fire as a remedy for, xi. 7;
conceived as something physical that can be stripped off the patient and
left behind, xi. 172.
_See also_ Cures, Demons, Sickness

—— of language the supposed source of myths, vi. 42

Disease-makers in Tana, i. 341 _sq._

Diseases thought to be caused by demons, ix. 92, 94, 95, 100, 102, 103

——- of cattle ascribed to witchcraft, x. 343

Disenchanting strangers, various modes of, iii. 102 _sqq._

Disguises to avert the evil eye, vi. 262;
to deceive dangerous spirits, vi. 262 _sq._, 263 _sq._

Dish, external soul of warlock in, xi. 141

Dishes, effect of eating out of sacred, iii. 4;
of sacred persons tabooed, iii. 131;
special, used by girls at puberty, x. 47, 49.
_See_ Vessels

Disintegration, atomic, viii. 305

Dislike of people to have children like themselves, iii. 88 _sq._, iv. 287
(288 in Second Impression)

Dislocation, Roman cure for, xi. 177

Dismemberment of Osiris, suggested explanations of, vi. 97, vii. 262;
of Halfdan the Black, king of Norway, vi. 100, 102;
of Segera, a magician of Kiwai, vi. 101;
of kings and magicians, and use of their severed limbs to fertilize the
country, vi. 101 _sq._;
of the bodies of the dead to prevent their souls from becoming dangerous
ghosts, vi. 188

Displacement of heathen festivals by two days in the Christian calendar,
i. 14

Disposal of cut hair and nails, iii. 267 _sqq._

_Ditino_, deified dead kings of the Barotse, vi. 194

Dittenberger, W., on the Eleusinian games, vii. 77 _n._ 4

Dittmar, C. von, on the fear of demons among the Koryaks, ix. 100 _sq._

Diurnal tenure of the kingship, iv. 118 _sq._

Dius, a Macedonian month, vii. 46 _n._ 2

Divination from spittle, i. 99;
by casting stones, inspection of entrails, and interpretation of dreams,
i. 344;
regalia employed as instruments of, i. 363;
various modes of, on May morning to discover who should be married
first, ii. 67 _sq._;
by flowers, ii. 345;
by wells, ii. 345;
as to love on St. George’s Day among the Slavs, ii. 345 _sq._;
by crystals, iii. 56;
by shoulder-blades, iii. 229, viii. 234;
by knotted threads, iii. 304 _n._ 5;
to determine the ancestor who is reborn in a child, iii. 368 _sq._;
by tree and water at Delphi, iv. 80;
at Midsummer, v. 252 _sq._, x. 208 _sq._;
magic dwindles into, vii. 110 _n._, x. 336;
by crocodile-hunter, viii. 210;
on Christmas Day, ix. 316 _n._ 1;
on Twelfth Night, ix. 316;
on St. John’s Night (Midsummer Eve), x. 173, xi. 46 _n._ 3, 50, 52
_sqq._, 61, 64, 67 _sqq._;
at Hallowe’en, x. 225, 228 _sqq._;
by stones at Hallowe’en fires, x. 230 _sq._, 239, 240;
by stolen kail, x. 234 _sq._, 241;
by clue of yarn, x. 235, 240, 241, 243;
by hemp seed, x. 235, 241, 245;
by winnowing-basket, x. 236;
by thrown shoe, x. 236;
by wet shirt, x. 236, 241;
by white of eggs, x. 236 _sq._, 238;
by apples in water, x. 237;
by a ring, x. 237;
by names on chimney-piece, x. 237;
by three plates or basins, x. 237 _sq._, 240, 244;
by nuts in fire, x. 237, 239, 241, 242, 245;
by salt cake, or salt herring, x. 238 _sq._;
by a sliced apple, x. 238;
by eavesdropping, x. 238, 243, 244;
by knife, x. 241; by briar-thorn, x. 242;
by melted lead, x. 242;
by cabbages, x. 242;
by cake at Hallowe’en, x. 242, 243; by ashes, x. 243, 244, 245;
by salt, x. 244;
by raking a rick, x. 247.
_See also_ Divining-rod

Divine animal, killing the, viii. 169 _sqq._

—— animals as scapegoats, ix. 216 _sq._, 226 _sq._

“—— consort, the,” ii. 131

—— king, the killing of the, iv. 9 _sqq._

—— kings of the Shilluk, iv. 17 _sqq._

—— men as scapegoats, ix. 217 _sqq._, 226 _sq._

Divine personages not allowed to touch the ground with their feet, x. 2
_sqq._;
not allowed to see the sun, x. 18 _sqq._;
suspended for safety between heaven and earth, x. 98 _sq._

—— spirit incarnate in Shilluk kings, iv. 21, 26 _sq._

Diviners, ancient, their rules of diet, viii. 143

Divining bones, vi. 180, 181

—— -rod cut on Midsummer Eve, xi. 67 _sqq._;
made of hazel, xi. 67 _sq._, 291 _n._ 3;
made of mistletoe in Sweden, xi. 69, 291;
made of four sorts of wood, xi. 69;
made of willow, xi. 69 _n._;
made out of a parasitic rowan, xi. 281 _sq._

Divinities, human, bound by many rules, iii. 419 _sq._;
of the volcano Kirauea, v. 217

Divinity of the Brahmans, i. 403 _sq._

—— of chief supposed to reside in his eyes, viii. 153

—— claimed by Fijian chiefs, i. 389

—— of kings, i. 48 _sqq._, 372;
in the Pacific, i. 386 _sqq._;
in Africa, i. 392 _sq._, 396;
among the Hovas, i. 397;
among the Sakkalava, i. 397 _sq._;
among the Malays, i. 398;
in India, i. 403;
in great historical empires, i. 415 _sqq._;
growth of the conception of the, ii. 376 _sqq._;
among the Semites, v. 15 _sqq._;
among the Lydians, v. 182 _sqq._

Divisibility of life, doctrine of the, xi. 221

Division of labour in relation to social progress, i. 420;
between the sexes, vii. 129

Divorce of spiritual from temporal power, iii. 17 _sqq._

Diwali, Hindoo feast of lamps, ii. 160, ix. 145

Dix Cove, in Guinea, crocodiles sacred at, viii. 287

Dixmude, in Belgium, feast of All Souls at, vi. 70

Dixon, Roland B., on the importance of shamans among the Maidu, i. 357

Dixon, Dr. W. E., on hemlock as an anaphrodisiac, ii. 139 _n._ 1

Djakuns of the Malay Peninsula, their mode of making fire, ii. 236

Djuldjul, girl dressed in leaves and flowers at rain-making ceremony, i.
274

Dobischwald, in Silesia, custom at threshing at, vii. 148;
need-fire at, x. 278

Dobrizhoffer, Father M., on the reluctance of the Abipones to utter their
own names, iii. 328;
on changes of language among the Abipones, iii. 360;
on the respect of the Abipones for the Pleiades, v. 258 _n._ 2

Doctrine of lunar sympathy, vi. 140 _sqq._

_Dôd_, “beloved,” v. 19 _n._ 2, 20 _n._ 2

Dodge, Colonel R. I., on exorcism of strangers among North American
Indians, iii. 105;
on the death of the Great Spirit, iv. 3

Dodola, girl clad in grass and herbs at rain-making ceremony, i. 273

Dodona, oracular spring at, ii. 172;
Zeus at, ii. 177;
Zeus and Dione at, ii. 189;
bronze gongs at, ii. 358 _sq._;
Zeus and his oracular oak at, ii. 358, xi. 89 _sq._

Dodwell, E., on image of Demeter at Eleusis, vii. 64

Dog, sacrificed to war-god, i. 173;
used in rain-making, i. 302;
used in stopping rain, i. 303;
sacrificed to tree-spirit, ii. 36;
sacrificed on roof of new house, ii. 39;
prohibition to touch or name, iii. 13;
killed instead of king, iv. 17;
corn-spirit as, vii. 271 _sqq._;
of the harvest, vii. 273;
feast on flesh of, viii. 256;
Iroquois sacrifice of white, viii. 258 _n._ 1, ix. 127, 209;
transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299;
sickness transferred to, ix. 33;
cough transferred to, ix. 51;
fever transferred to, ix. 51;
sacrifice of, in time of smallpox, ix. 121;
as scapegoat, ix. 209 _sq._;
not allowed to enter priest’s house, x. 4;
beaten to ensure woman’s fertility, x. 69;
charm against the bite of a mad, xi. 56;
a Batta totem, xi. 223.
_See also_ Dogs

——, black, sacrificed for rain, i. 291;
used to stop rain, i. 303

——, white, sacrifice of, viii. 258 _n._ 2, ix. 127, 209

Dog-demon of epilepsy, ix. 69 _n._

—— -eating Spirit, vii. 21

Dog Star, red-haired puppies sacrificed to the, vii. 261;
supposed to blight the crops, vii. 261;
supposed by the ancients to cause the heat of summer, x. 332.
_See_ Sirius

Dog’s ghost feared by women, viii. 232 _n._ 1

Dogrib Indians will not taste blood, iii. 241;
do not pare nails of female children, iii. 263

Dogs crowned, i. 14, ii. 125 _sq._, 127 _sq._;
sacrificed at the marriage of Sun and Earth, ii. 99;
witches turn into, ii. 334;
sacrificed and hung on trees of sacred grove, ii. 365;
bones of game kept from, iii. 206;
unclean, iii. 206;
tigers called, iii. 402, devoured in religious rites, vii. 19, 20, 21,
22;
their flesh or liver eaten to acquire bravery, viii. 145;
sacrificed at bear-feasts, viii. 196, 202;
not allowed to gnaw bones of slain animals, viii. 225, 238 _sqq._, 243,
259;
bones of deer not given to, viii. 241, 242, 243;
the resurrection of, viii. 256 _sq._;
pairing, fertilizing virtue of stick which has been used to separate,
ix. 264 _sq._;
imitated by dancers, ix. 382.
_See also_ Dog, Hounds

Dolac, need-fire at, x. 286

Doliche in Commagene, Jupiter Dolichenus at, v. 136

Doll made of last corn at harvest, vii. 140, 151, 153, 155, 157, 162.
_See also_ Dolls

Dollar-bird associated with rain, i. 287 _sq._

Dolls or puppets employed for the restoration of souls to their bodies,
iii. 53 _sqq._, 62 _sq._
_See also_ Doll, Puppets

Dolmen, sick children passed through a hole in a, xi, 188

Domalde, a Swedish king, sacrificed for good seasons, i. 366 _sq._

Domaszewski, Professor A., on the rites of Attis at Rome, v. 266 _n._ 2

_Dominica rosae_, the fourth Sunday in Lent, iv. 222 _n._ 1

Domitian and the oak crown, ii. 177 _n._

Dommartin, Lenten fires at, x. 109

Domovoy, Russian house-spirit, ii. 233 _n._ 1

Doms of India, their primitive beliefs, ii. 288 _n._ 1

_Don Quixote_, as to edible acorns, ii. 356

“Donald of the Ear,” magic effigy of, i. 69

Donar or Thunar, the German thunder god, the oak of, ii. 364

Door, the words for, in Aryan languages, ii. 384;
of house protected against fiends, viii. 96;
certain fish and portions of animals not to be brought into house
through the, viii. 189 _sq._, 193, 196, 242 _sq._, 256;
separate, for girls at puberty, x. 43, 44.
_See also_ Doors

Doorie, hill of, at Burghead, x. 267

Doorposts, blood of sacrificial victims smeared on, iii. 15, iv. 97, 175,
176 _n._ 1

Doors, Janus as a god of, ii. 383 _sq._;
opened to facilitate childbirth, iii. 296, 297;
opened to facilitate death, iii. 309;
separate, used by menstruous women, x. 84

Doorway, to stand or loiter in the, forbidden under certain circumstances,
i. 114;
creeping through narrow opening in, as a cure, xi. 181 _sq._

Dorasques of Panama, their theory of earthquakes, v. 201

Dordrecht, “dew-treading” at Whitsuntide at, ii. 104 _n._ 2

Doreh in Dutch New Guinea, ghosts of the murdered driven away at, iii.
170;
the tug-of-war at, ix. 178

Doreh Bay in Dutch New Guinea, i. 125, iv. 288

Dorians, their superstition as to meteors, iv. 59

Dormice, charm against, viii. 281

Dorpat, rain-making at, i. 248

Dos Santos, J., on the divinity of African kings, i. 392;
on the method adopted by a Caffre king to prolong his life, vi. 222
_sq._

Dosadhs, an Indian caste, the fire-walk among the, xi. 5

Dosuma, king of, not allowed to touch the ground, x. 3

Douay, procession of the giants at, xi. 33 _sq._

Double, the afterbirth or placenta, regarded as a person’s double, vi. 169
_sq._

Double-axe, Midsummer king of the, x. 194

—— -headed axe, symbol of Sandan, v. 127;
carried by Lydian kings, v. 182;
a palladium of the Heraclid sovereignty, v. 182;
figured on coins, v. 183 _n._

—— -headed bust at Nemi, i. 41 _sq._

—— -headed eagle, Hittite emblem, v. 133 _n._

—— -headed fetish among the Bush negroes of Surinam, ii. 385

—— -headed Janus, explanation of, ii. 384 _sq._

—— -personification of the corn as male and female, vii. 163 _sq._;
of the corn in female form as old and young, vii. 164 _sqq._, 209 _sq._;
of the corn as mother and daughter, vii. 207 _sqq._

Doubles, spiritual, of men and animals, in ancient Egypt, iii. 28 _sq._

Doubs, Montagne de, bonfires on the Eve of Twelfth Night in the, ix. 316

Dough image of god eaten sacramentally, viii. 86 _sqq._, 90 _sq._

—— images of animals sacrificed instead of the animals, viii. 95 _n._ 2

—— puppets as substitutes for live human beings, viii. 101 _sq._

Douglas, Alexander, victim of witchcraft, ix. 39

Dourgne, in Southern France, crawling through holed stones near, xi. 187
_sq._

Doutté, Edmond, on the invocation of jinn by their names, iii. 390;
on sacred prostitution in Morocco, v. 39 _n._ 3;
on the blessed influence (_baraka_), of Mohammedan saints, ix. 22

Dove, the ceremony of the fiery, at Easter in Florence, x. 126;
a Batta totem, xi. 223

Doves burnt in honour of Adonis, v. 126 _n._ 2, 147;
external soul of magicians in, xi. 104;
Aeneas led by doves to the Golden Bough, xi. 285, 316 _n._ 1

Doves, sacred, of Aphrodite, v. 33;
of Astarte, v. 147, ix. 370 _n._ 1

Down, County, “Winning the Churn” at harvest in, vii. 154 _sq._

Dowries earned by prostitution, v. 38, 59

_Dracaena terminalis_, in magic, i. 159;
its leaves used to beat the sick, ix. 265

Dragon, rain-god represented as, i. 297, 298;
or serpent of water, ii. 155 _sqq._;
the Slaying of the, at Furth, ii. 163 _sq._;
effigy of, carried at Ragusa on St. George’s Day, ii. 164 _n._ 1;
drama of the slaughter of the, iv. 78 _sqq._, 89;
myth of the slaughter of the, iv. 105 _sqq._;
slain by Cadmus at Thebes, vi. 241;
at Midsummer, effigy of, xi. 37;
external soul of a queen in a, xi. 105;
of the water-mill, Servian story of the, xi. iii _sqq._

—— and Apollo, at Delphi, iv. 78 _sqq._, vi. 240

—— of Rouen, destroyed by St. Romain, ii. 164 _sqq._, 167

—— of Tarascon, carried in procession on Whitsunday, ii. 170 _n._ 1

—— and Tiger mountains, palace of the head of Taoism on the, i. 413 _sq._

Dragon-crest of kings, iv. 105

—— divinity of stream prayed to for rain, i. 291 _sq._

—— stone thought to confer sharpness of vision, i. 165 _n._ 6

Dragon’s blood, a protection against witchcraft, ii. 164;
knowledge of the language of birds learnt through tasting, viii. 146

Dragons, artificial, in rain-making, i. 297;
or serpents personated by kings, iv. 82;
driven away by smoke of Midsummer bonfires, x. 161;
St. Peter’s fires lighted to drive away, x. 195

—— of water, folk-tales of virgins sacrificed to, ii. 155

Draguignan, in the department of Var, Midsummer fires at, x. 193

Drama, sacred, of the death and resurrection of Osiris, vi. 85 _sq._;
modern Thracian, at the Carnival, vii. 25 _sqq._;
magical, vii. 187 _sq._

Dramas, magical, to promote vegetation, ii. 120;
for the regulation of the seasons, v. 4 _sq._;
to ensure good crops, vii. 187 _sq._

——, sacred, as magical rites, ix. 373 _sqq._

Dramatic contests of actors representing Summer and Winter, iv. 254 _sqq._

—— exhibitions sometimes originate in magical rites, ii. 142

Dramatic performance instituted in time of plague to appease the god, ix.
65

—— representation of the resurrection of Osiris in his rites, vi. 85;
of the corn-spirit, viii. 325

—— rites practised with magical intention, vii. 1

—— weddings of gods and goddesses, ii. 121

Draupadi or Krishna, the wooing of the princess, ii. 306;
the heroine of the _Mahabharata_, xi. 7

Dravidian tribes of Northern India forbid a menstruous woman to touch
house-thatch, i. 179 _n._ 1;
their cure for epilepsy, ix. 259 _sq._

Drawing on wood or sand forbidden in absence of hunters, i. 122

Dread and seclusion of menstruous women, x. 76 _sqq._;
dread of witchcraft in Europe, x. 342

Dream, guardian spirit or animal acquired in a, xi. 256 _sq._

Dreaming on flowers on Midsummer Eve, x. 175.
_See_ Dreams

Dreams, modes of counteracting evil, i. 172 _sq._;
the telling of, a charm to calm a storm, i. 321;
the interpretation of, i. 344;
absence of soul in, iii. 36 _sqq._;
belief of savages in the reality of, iii. 36 _sq._;
omens drawn from, iii. 161, 163, 404, 406;
spirits of the dead appear to the living in, iii. 368, 374, vi. 162,
190;
revelations in, iv. 25;
women visited by a serpent in dreams in a sanctuary of Aesculapius, v.
80;
revelations given to sick people by Pluto and Persephone in, v. 205;
as causes of attempted transformation of men into women, vi. 255 _sqq._;
as a source of belief in immortality, viii. 260 _sq._;
and their fulfilment in time of sickness, ix. 121;
festival of, among the Iroquois, ix. 127;
oracular, x. 238, 242;
of love on Midsummer Eve, xi. 52, 54;
prophetic, on the bloom of the oak, xi. 292;
prophetic, on mistletoe, xi. 293

_Dreikönigstag_, Twelfth Day in Germany and Austria, ix. 329

Drenching of people with water as a rain-charm, i. 250, 251, 269 _sq._,
272, 273, 274, 275, 277 _sq._, ii. 77;
of trees as a rain-charm, ii. 47;
of leaf-clad mummer as a rain-charm, iv. 211;
of last corn cut with water as a rain-charm, v. 237 _sq._

Drinking, modes of, practised by tabooed persons, iii. 117 _sqq._, 120,
143, 146, 147, 148, 160, 182, 183, 185, 189, 197, 198, 256;
juices of dead kinsfolk, viii. 163 _n._ 3

Drinking out of a king’s skull in order to be inspired by his spirit, vi.
171

—— and eating, taboos on, iii. 116 _sqq._

_Drischila_, a threshing cake in West Bohemia, vii. 150

Driver, Professor S. R., on the prae-Israelitish inhabitants of Canaan,
iv. 170 _n._ 5;
on the consecration of the firstling males, iv. 173 _n._ 1

“Driving out the Witches” on Walpurgis Night in Bohemia, ix. 162;
on Walpurgis Night in Voigtland, x. 160;
at Midsummer in Switzerland, x. 170, 171

Drobede (Draupadi), the heroine of the epic _Mahabharata_, xi. 7

Drömling, in Brunswick, dramatic contest between Summer and Winter at, iv.
257

Drömling district, in Hanover, need-fire in, x. 277

Drops of water in homoeopathic magic, i. 173

Dropsy, ancient Greek mode of preventing, i. 78;
ceremony to prevent, in India, i. 79

Drought, funeral of, a rain-making ceremony, i. 274;
supposed to be caused by unburied dead, i. 287;
violence done to the rain-powers in time of, i. 296 _sqq._;
magical ceremony for causing, i. 313;
and dearth, chiefs and kings punished for, i. 352 _sqq._;
rain-makers killed in time of, ii. 2, 3;
supposed to be caused by sexual crime, ii. 110, 111, 113;
supposed to be caused by a concealed miscarriage, iii. 153 _sq._;
kings answerable for, v. 21 _sq._;
attributed to misconduct of young girls, x. 31

Drowned, souls of the, thought to pass into trees, animals, or fish, ii.
30;
in holy spring, the sacred bull Apis, viii. 36

Drowning as a punishment for sexual crimes, ii. 109, 110, 111;
sacrifice by, ii. 364;
as a mode of executing royal criminals, iii. 242, 243

Drowning girls in rivers as sacrifices, ii. 151 _sq._

—— human victims as sacrifices to water-spirits, ii. 157 _sqq._

_Drowo_, gods, in the language of the Ewe-speaking peoples of West Africa,
ix. 74

Druid, purification performed by an Irish, ii. 116;
etymology of the word, x. 76 _n._ 1

Druid’s Glass, certain beads called the, x. 16;
prediction, the, x. 229

Druidical festivals, so-called, of the Scotch Highlanders, x. 147, 206;
custom of burning live animals, xi. 38;
the animals perhaps deemed embodiments of witches, xi. 41 _sq._, 43
_sq._

Druidical sacrifices, W. Mannhardt’s theory of the, xi. 43

Druidism, so-called, remains of, x. 233, 241;
and the Christian Church in relation to witchcraft, xi. 42

Druids, Lucan on the, i. 2 _n._ 1;
oak and mistletoe worshipped by the, ii. 9, 358, 362, xi. 76 _sq._, 301;
female, ii. 241 _n._ 1;
derivation of the name, ii. 363;
the Irish, ii. 363;
their superstition as to “serpents’ eggs,” x. 15;
their human sacrifices, xi. 32 _sq._;
in relation to the Midsummer festival, xi. 33 _sqq._, 45;
their cycle of thirty years, xi. 77;
catch the mistletoe in a white cloth, xi. 293

—— of Gaul, their sacrifices of white bulls, ii. 189

—— of Ireland, their custom of driving cattle between two fires at Beltane
(May Day), x. 157

Druids’ Hill, the, in County Sligo, x. 229

Drum, eating out of a, as a sacrament in the rites of Attis, v. 274

Drumconrath, near Abbeyleix, in Ireland, cut hair kept against the Day of
Judgment at, iii. 280 _sq._

Drums, homoeopathic magic at the making of, i. 134 _sq._;
beaten as a charm against a storm, i. 328;
human sacrifice for royal, vi. 223, 225;
beaten to expel demons, ix. 111, 113, 116, 118, 120, 126, 146, 204

Drunkard, corpse of, in rain-charm, i. 285

Dry food eaten, on principle of homoeopathic magic, i. 114, 144;
food to be eaten by rain-doctor when he wishes to avert rain, i. 271

Dryas, killed by his father King Lycurgus, vii. 24

—— and Clitus, their contest for a bride, ii. 307

Drynemetum, “the temple of the oak,” in Galatia, ii. 363, xi. 89

Du Chaillu, P. B., the Ashira dispute for the clippings of his hair, iii.
271 _sq._

Du Pratz, Le Page, on the fire-temples of the Natchez, ii. 263;
on the festival of the new corn among the Natchez Indians, viii. 77
_sqq._

Duala tribe of the Cameroons, their story of the type of Beauty and the
Beast, iv. 130 _n._ 1

Duals, a tribe of Garos, their harvest festival, viii. 337

Dublin, Whitsuntide custom near, ii. 103;
custom on May Day at, ii. 141 _sq._

Dubrajpur, in Bengal, rain-making at, i. 278

Dubrowitschi, a Russian village, expulsion of spirit of plague at, ix. 173

Duchesne, Mgr. L., on the origin of Christmas, v. 305 _n._ 4;
on the date of the Crucifixion, v. 307

Duck, gripes transferred to a, ix. 50;
baked alive as a sacrifice in Suffolk, x. 304

Duck’s egg, external soul in a, xi. 109 _sq._, 115 _sq._, 116, 119 _sq._,
120, 126, 130, 132

Ducks and frogs imitated in rain-making, i. 255

—— and ptarmigan, dramatic contest of the, iv. 259

Dudilaa, a spirit who lives in the sun, flesh of pig offered to, ix. 186

Dudulé, boy decked with ferns and flowers at rain-making ceremony, i. 274

Dugong, magical models of, i. 108;
skulls and bones of, preserved, viii. 258 _n._ 2

Dugong fishing, taboos in connexion with, iii. 192

Duk-duk, a disguised man representing a cassowary, xi. 247

Duk-duk, secret society of New Britain, New Ireland, and Duke of York
Island, x. 11, xi. 246 _sq._

Duke Town, on the Calabar River, crocodile animated by soul of chief at,
xi. 209

—— Town, in Guinea, human sacrifices to the river at, ii. 158;
periodic expulsion of demons at, ix. 204 _n._ 1

Duke of York Island, xi. 199 _n._ 2;
the natives of, pay the fish for those which they catch, viii. 252;
Duk-duk society in, xi. 247;
exogamous classes in, xi. 248 _n._

Dukkala, in Morocco, New Year customs in, x. 218

Dulyn, the tarn of, on Snowdon, i. 307

Dumannos, a month of the Gallic calendar, ix. 343

Dumbartonshire, the harvest Maiden in, vii. 157 _sq._, 218 _n._ 2;
harvest custom in, vii. 268;
Hallowe’en in, x. 237 _n._ 5

Dumfriesshire, mode of cutting the last standing corn in, vii. 154

Dummies to avert attention of ghosts or demons, viii. 96 _sqq._

“Dumping” people on harvest field, vii. 226 _sq._

Dumplings in human form at threshing, vii. 148;
in form of pigs at harvest supper, vii. 299

Dunbeath, in Caithness, need-fire at, x. 291

Duncan, Mr., on the ceremonial cannibalism of the coast tribes of British
Columbia, vii. 18 _sq._

Dung-beetle imitated by actor or dancer, ix. 381

Dunkeld, Hallowe’en fires near, x. 232

Dunkirk, procession of giants on Midsummer Day at, xi. 34 _sq._

Dunvegan, the laird of, supposed to attract herring, i. 368

Duplication of deities, vii. 212 _sq._, ix. 405 _sq._;
an effect of dialectical differences, ii. 382 _sq._

Duran, Diego, Spanish historian of Mexico, ix. 295 _n._ 1;
on the human representative of Xipe, “the Flayed God,” ix. 297;
on the date of the festival of the flaying of men, ix. 300 _n._ 1

Durandus, G. (W. Durantis), his _Rationale Divinorum Officiorum_, x. 161

Durga, image of, in a magical ceremony, i. 65

Durham, Miss M. E., on Albanian superstition as to portraits, iii. 100

Durham, the _mell_ or _kirn_ at harvest in, vii. 151;
Easter candle in the cathedral of, x. 122 _n._

Durian-tree threatened in order to make it bear fruit, ii. 20 _sq._

Durostorum in Moesia, martyrdom of St. Dasius at, ii. 310 _n._ 1;
celebration of the Saturnalia at, ix. 309

Dürrenbüchig, in Baden, the last sheaf called Goat at, vii. 283

Durris, parish of Kincardineshire, Midsummer fires in the, x. 206 _sq._

Durrow, the oaks of, ii. 242

Dusk of the Evening, prayers of girl at puberty to the, x. 53

Dussaud, Réné, on stones deposited at shrines, ix. 22 _n._ 2

Düsseldorf, Shrove Tuesday custom in the district of, x. 120

Dussera festival in Behar, i. 279

Dusuns of Borneo, their suspicion of novelties, iii. 230;
their annual expulsion of evils, ix. 200 _sq._

Dutch custom at the madder-harvest, vii. 231;
names for mistletoe, xi. 319 _n._ 1

Dux, in the Tyrol, “striking down the dog” at harvest at, vii. 273

Dwandwes, a Zulu tribe, change of name for the sun among the, iii. 376
_sq._

Dwarf-elder at Midsummer detects witchcraft, xi. 64

Dwarf tribes of Central Africa, their custom at circumcision, i. 95 _n._
4;
said not to know how to make fire, ii. 255

Dyak medicine-men, homoeopathic cure effected by, i. 84;
their use of crystals in divination, iii. 56

Dyak mode of fishing for a lost soul, iii. 38

—— sorcerer, his use of effigies to heal a child, viii. 102

—— stories of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 126 _sqq._

—— taboos observed in absence of hunters, i. 120

—— warriors shear their hair on their return, iii. 261

Dyaks, the, of Borneo, ceremony to aid a woman in childbirth among, i. 73
_sq._;
telepathy in war among, i. 127;
their way of strengthening their souls, i. 159 _sq._;
their ascription of souls to trees, ii. 13;
believe that the souls of those who die by accident or drowning pass
into trees, animals, or fish, ii. 30 _sq._;
call on tree-spirit to quit tree before it is felled, ii. 37;
their custom at felling a jungle, ii. 38;
their belief as to the blighting effects of sexual crimes, ii. 108
_sq._;
their use of effigies to heal the sick, iii. 63 _n._ 2, viii. 100 _sq._,
102;
their mode of securing the souls of their enemies, iii. 71 _sq._;
extract the souls of captured foes, iii. 72 _n._ 1;
taboos as to tying knots during a woman’s pregnancy among, iii. 294;
children called the fathers or mothers of their first cousins among,
iii. 332 _sq._;
names of relations tabooed among, iii. 339 _sq._;
their belief as to the spirit of gold, iii. 409 _sq._;
taboos observed by, in digging for gold, iii. 410;
sacrifice cattle instead of human victims, iv. 166 _n._ 1;
practice of swinging among their medicine-men, iv. 280 _sq._;
their whole life dominated by religion, vii. 98;
their ceremonies to secure the rice-soul, vii. 188 _sq._;
their sun-dial, vii. 314 _n._ 4;
their use of images to deceive demons of plague, viii. 100 _sq._;
their festival of first-fruits, viii. 122;
will not let warriors eat venison lest it make them timid, viii. 144;
their unwillingness to kill crocodiles, viii. 209;
their ceremonies at killing crocodiles, viii. 209 _sqq._;
their priestesses, ix. 5;
their transference of evil, ix. 5;
their “lying heaps,” ix. 14;
their mode of neutralizing bad omens, ix. 39;
their Head Feast, ix. 383;
birth-trees among, xi. 164;
trees and plants as life indices among, xi. 164 _sq._;
their doctrine of the plurality of souls, xi. 222.
_See also_ Sea Dyaks

—— of Landak and Tajan, marriage custom of the, x. 5;
birth-trees among the, xi. 164

—— of Pinoeh, their custom at a birth, xi. 154 _sq._

—— of Poelopetak, their words for soul, vii. 182 _sq._

—— of Sarawak, their belief in the power of the Rajah to fertilize the
rice-crops, i. 361 _sq._;
their custom at rice harvest and sowing, ii. 48;
story of their descent from a fish, iv. 126;
their custom of swinging at harvest feast, iv. 277;
their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 314;
eat parts of slain foes, viii. 152

——, the Sea, or Ibans, of Sarawak, viii. 279;
rules observed by women among, while the men are at war, i. 127 _sq._;
their sacred trees, ii. 40 _sq._;
their sorcerers supposed to hook departing souls, iii. 30;
their modes of recalling the soul, iii. 47 _sq._, 52 _sq._, 55 _sq._,
60, 67;
taboos observed by head-hunters among, iii. 166 _sq._;
their propitiation of dead omen birds, iv. 126;
their sacrifices during an epidemic, iv. 176 _n._ 1;
their custom of head-hunting, v. 295 _sq._;
the idea of metampsychosis among, viii. 294 _sq._;
their modes of protecting their farms against mice, viii. 279;
their festival of departed spirits, ix. 154

Dying at ebb tide, i. 167 _sq._;
custom of catching the souls of the, iv. 198 _sqq._;
by deputy, iv. 56, 160

Dying god as scapegoat, ix. 227

—— and Reviving God, vii. 1, 33

—— and risen god, the, in Western Asia, ix. 421 _sq._

Dynder, in Herefordshire, sin-eater at, ix. 43

Dziewanna, puppet representing the goddess of spring in Polish districts
of Silesia, iv. 246

Ea, Babylonian god, v. 9;
the inventor of magic, i. 240

Eabani, Babylonian hero, his death and resurrection, ix. 398 _sq._

Eagle, guardian spirit as, i. 200;
tree on which an eagle has built its nest deemed holy, ii. 11;
the bird of Jove, ii. 175;
soul in form of, iii. 34;
to carry soul to heaven, v. 126 _sq._;
sacrifice to, x. 152

——, double-headed, Hittite emblem, v. 133 _n._

Eagle bone, used to drink out of, x. 45

—— clan of the Niskas, xi. 271, 272 _n._ 1

—— hawk totem, i. 162;
legs of boys beaten with leg-bone of, to make them strong, viii. 165
_n._ 2;
external soul of medicine-man in, xi. 199

—— hunters, taboos observed by, i. 116, iii. 198 _sq._;
taboos observed by the wives and children of, i. 119;
charms employed by, i. 149 _sq._

Eagle-owl worshipped by the Ainos, viii. 199 _sq._

—— -spirits and buried treasures, x. 218

—— -wood, telepathy in search for, i. 120;
special language employed by searchers for, iii. 404

Eagle’s gall in homoeopathic magic, i. 154

—— tongue torn out and worn as talisman, viii. 270

Eagles not called by their proper names, iii. 399;
worshipped by the Ainos, viii. 200;
propitiation of dead, viii. 236

——, sacred among the Ostyaks, ii. 11

Eames, W., on voluntary substitutes for capital punishment in China, iv.
273

Ear of corn, reaped, displayed to the initiates at the Eleusinian
mysteries, ii. 138 _sq._, vii. 38;
emblem of Demeter, v. 166

Ears cleansed by serpents, i. 158;
stopped to prevent the escape of the soul, iii. 31;
of sacrificial victims cut off, iv. 97;
of seers licked by serpents, vii. 147 _n._ 1;
regarded as the seat of intelligence, vii. 148;
of brave men eaten, viii. 148;
of dead enemies cut out, viii. 271 _sq._;
blood drawn from, as penance, ix. 292

Earth, inspired priestess of, i. 381 _sq._;
from a grave, magical uses of, i. 147 _sq._, 150;
spring festival of the marriage of, ii. 76 _sq._, 94;
conceived by the Greeks as the Mother of corn, cattle, and human beings,
ii. 128 _n._ 4;
praying to Zeus for rain, image of, ii. 359;
festival in honour of, iii. 247;
subterranean, sacrifices to, vii. 66;
Lithuanian prayers to the, viii. 49;
the spirit of, worshipped before sowing, viii. 120;
first berries of the season offered to the, viii. 133 _sq._;
taboos observed by the priest of, in Southern Nigeria, x. 4;
prayers to, x. 50

——, the goddess, mother of Typhon, v. 156

——, Grandmother, the cause of earthquakes, v. 198

—— and heaven, between, xi. 1 _sqq._

——, the Mistress of the, ix. 85

——, Mother, v. 27;
prayed to for rain, i. 283;
festival of, v. 90;
vicarious sacrifices offered to, viii. 105

——, the Nursing-Mother at Athens, vii. 89 _n._ 2

—— and sky, myth of their violent separation, v. 283

——, the spirit of the, worshipped before sowing, viii. 120

—— and Sun, marriage of the, ii. 98 _sq._, 148

Earth-demons dreaded by Tibetans, viii. 96

—— -god, vii. 69, ix. 28, 61; the Egyptian, ix. 341

—— -goddess, sacrifice for rain to, i. 291;
pregnant cows sacrificed to, ii. 229;
annually married to Sun-god, v. 47 _sq._;
disturbed by the operations of husbandry, v. 88 _sqq._;
married to Sky-god, v. 282, with _n._ 2;
distinguished from Demeter, vii. 41, 43, 89;
in Greek art, vii. 89;
human sacrifices offered to, vii. 245, 246, 249, 250;
first-fruits of maize offered to the, viii. 115

—— -gods, slaves of the, viii. 61, 62 _n._ 1

—— -mothers, name given to maize-spadices growing as twins, vii. 173 _n._

—— -spirits possess the ore in mines, iii. 407 _n._ 2;
disturbed by agriculture, v. 89

Earthman, the, representing the god of the earth, ix. 61

Earthquake god, v. 194 _sqq._

Earthquakes supposed to be caused by indulgence in illicit love, ii. 111
_n._ 3;
attempts to stop, v. 196 _sqq._;
Manichean theory of, v. 197

Earthworms eaten by dancing girls, viii. 147

Easing nature, a charm used by robbers, vii. 235

East, the ascetic idealism of the, ii. 117;
mother-kin and Mother Goddesses in the ancient, vi. 212 _sqq._;
the Wise Men of the, ix. 330 _sq._

—— Indian evidence of the belief in the transmigration of human souls into
animals, viii. 298 _n._ 2

East Indian islands, epilepsy transferred to leaves in the, ix. 2;
demons of sickness expelled in little ships in the, ix. 185

—— Indies, pregnant women forbidden to tie knots in the, iii. 294;
everything in house opened to facilitate childbirth in the, iii. 297;
reluctance of persons to tell their names in the, iii. 328;
the Rice-mother in the, vii. 180 _sqq._;
sacrifices of first-fruits in the, viii. 122 _sqq._;
the tug-of-war in the, ix. 177

Easter, rolling down a slope at, ii. 103;
first Sunday after, iv. 249;
custom of swinging on the four Sundays before, iv. 284;
gardens of Adonis at, in Sicily, v. 253 _sq._;
resemblance of the festival of, to the rites of Adonis, v. 254 _sqq._,
306;
the festival of, assimilated to the spring festival of Attis, v. 306
_sqq._;
controversy between Christians and pagans as to the origin of, v. 309
_sq._;
White Russian custom at, to preserve the corn from hail, vii. 300;
an old vernal festival of the vegetation-god, ix. 328;
fern-seed blooms at, xi. 292 _n._ 2

Easter candle, x. 121, 122, 125

—— ceremonies in the New World, x. 127 _sq._

—— eggs, ix. 269, x. 108, 143, 144

—— Eve, in Albania, expulsion of Kore on, iv. 265, ix. 157;
grain of Corn-mother scattered among the young corn on, vii. 134;
new fire on, x. 121, 124, 126, 158;
the fern blooms at, xi. 66

—— fires, x. 120 _sqq._

—— Islanders, their modes of killing animals, iii. 247;
their offerings of first-fruits, viii. 133

—— Man, burning the, x. 144

—— Monday, festival of Green George on, ii. 76;
“Easter Smacks” on, ix. 268;
fire-custom on, x. 143

—— Mountains, bonfires at Easter on, x. 140, 141

—— Saturday, barren fruit-trees threatened on, ii. 22;
new fire on, x. 121, 122, 124, 127, 128, 130;
the divining-rod baptized on, xi. 69

“—— Smacks” in Germany and Austria, ix. 268 _sq._

—— Sunday, vii. 33;
ceremony observed by the gipsies of South-Eastern Europe on the evening
of, ix. 207 _sq._;
red eggs on, x. 122

—— Tuesday, swinging on, iv. 283;
“Easter Smacks” on, ix. 268, 270 _n._

Eastertide, death and resurrection of Kostrubonko at, iv. 261;
expulsion of evils at, in Calabria, ix. 157

Eater of animals, as epithet of a god, vii. 23

“—— of the Dead,” fabulous Egyptian monster, vi. 14

Eating out of sacred vessels, supposed effect of, iii. 4;
together, covenant formed by, iii. 130;
piece of slain man, custom obligatory on the slayer, iii. 174;
the bodies of aged relations, custom of, iv. 14

—— and drinking, taboos on, iii. 116 _sqq._;
fear of being seen in the act of, iii. 117 _sqq._

—— the god, viii. 48 _sqq._;
among the Aztecs, viii. 86 _sqq._;
reasons for, viii. 138 _sq._, 167

—— the soul of the rice, viii. 54

Eaves, rain-drops from, in magic, i. 253

Eavesdropping, divination by, x. 238, 243, 244

Ebb tide, death at, i. 167 _sq._

Echinadian Islands, death of the Great Pan announced at the, iv. 6

Echternach in Luxemburg, Lenten fire-custom at, x. 116

Eck, R. van, on the belief in demons in Bali, ix. 86

Eckstein, Miss L., on hunting the wren, viii. 317 _n._ 2

Eclipse, ceremonies at an, i. 311 _sq._

—— of the moon, custom of the Indians of the Orinoco at an, i. 311;
Athenian superstition as to an, vi. 141

—— of the sun, burning arrows shot into the air at an, i. 311;
practice of the Kamtchatkans at an, i. 312;
practice of the Chilcotin Indians at an, i. 312, iv. 77

—— of the sun and moon, belief of the Tahitians as to, iv. 73 _n._ 2

Eclipses attributed to monster biting or attacking the sun or moon, i. 311
_n._ 1, x. 70, 162 _n._;
air thought to be poisoned at, x. 162 _n._

Ecliptic perhaps mimicked in dances, iv. 77

Economic history, the discovery of agriculture the greatest advance in,
vii. 129

—— progress, a condition of intellectual progress, i. 218

Ecstasy induced by smoking, viii. 72

Ecuador, the Canelos Indians of, iii. 97, viii. 285;
the Saragacos Indians of, iii. 152;
human sacrifices for the crops in, vii. 236;
the Zaparo Indians of, viii. 139

Edbald, king of Kent, married his stepmother, ii. 283

_Edda_, the prose, story of Balder in, x. 101;
the poetic, story of Balder in, x. 102

Eddesse, in Hanover, need-fire at, x. 275 _sq._

Eden, the tree of life in, v. 186 _n._ 4

Edersleben, Midsummer fire-custom at, x. 169

Edgewell Tree, oak at castle of Dalhousie, thought to be linked with the
fate of the Dalhousie family, xi. 166, 284

Edom, blood royal apparently traced in the female line in, v. 16 _n._

——, the kings of, take the name of a divinity, v. 15;
their bones burned by the Moabites, vi. 104

Edonians, a Thracian tribe, their king Lycurgus put to death to restore
fertility to the land, i. 366, vi. 98, 99, vii. 24

Edward the Confessor, English kings said to derive their power of healing
scrofula from, i. 370

Edward VI., his Lord of Misrule, ix. 332, 334

Eel-skins in homoeopathic magic, i. 155

Eels regarded as water-serpents, iv. 84;
souls of dead in, viii. 289, 290, 292

Eesa, a Somali tribe, their custom of milk-drinking on the morning after a
marriage, vi. 246

Effacing impressions from bed-clothes, ashes, etc., from superstitious
motives, i. 213 _sq._

Effect of geographical and climatic conditions on national character, vi.
217;
supposed, of killing a totem animal, xi. 220

Effeminate sorcerers or priests, order of, vi. 253 _sqq._

Effigies, substituted for human victims, iv. 215, 217 _sq._, ix. 408;
disease transferred to, ix. 7;
demons conjured into, ix. 204, 205;
burnt in bonfires, x. 106, 107, 116, 118 _sq._, 119 _sq._, 121, 122,
159;
burnt in the Midsummer fires, x. 167, 172 _sq._, 195;
of witches burnt in the fires, x. 342, xi. 19, 43;
of human beings burnt in the fires, xi. 21 _sqq._;
of giants burnt in the summer fires, xi. 38.
_See also_ Effigy, Dolls, Images, Puppets

—— of Carnival destroyed, iv. 222 _sqq._

—— of Death, iv. 233 _sq._, 246 _sqq._

—— of Judas burnt at Easter, x. 121, 127 _sq._, 130 _sq._

—— of Kupalo, Kostroma, and Yarilo drowned or buried in Russia, iv. 262
_sq._

—— of Lent, seven-legged, in Spain and Italy, iv. 244 _sq._

—— of men and women hung at doors of houses, viii. 94;
buried with the dead to deceive their ghosts, viii. 97 _sq._;
used to cure or prevent sickness, viii. 100 _sqq._

—— of Osiris, stuffed with corn, buried with the dead as a symbol of
resurrection, vi. 90 _sq._, 114

—— of Shrove Tuesday destroyed, iv. 227 _sqq._

—— of Winter burnt at Zurich, iv. 260 _sq._

Effigy, human sacrifices carried out in, iv. 217 _sqq._;
of an ox broken as a spring ceremony in China, viii. 10 _sqq._;
of man used in exorcizing misfortune, ix. 8;
of baby used to fertilize women, ix. 245, 249;
of absent friend cut in a tree, xi. 159 _sq._

Effiks or Agalwa, the, of West Africa, their custom of carrying fire, ii.
259;
their belief in external or bush souls, xi. 206

Efiat, human sacrifices offered by the fishermen of, ii. 158

Efugaos, the, of the Philippine Islands, suck the brains of dead foes to
acquire their courage, viii. 152

Egbas, the, of West Africa, their custom of putting their kings to death,
iv. 41

Egede, Hans, on impregnation by the moon among the Greenlanders, x. 76

Egeria, water nymph at Nemi, i. 17-19, 41;
and Numa, i. 18, ii. 172 _sqq._, 193, 380;
perhaps a local form of Diana, ii. 171 _sq._, 267, 380;
an oak-nymph, ii. 172, 267;
the grove of, ii. 185

Egerius Baebius or Laevius, Latin dictator, dedicated the sacred grove at
Nemi, i. 22

Egg broken in water, divination by means of, x. 208 _sq._

—— -shells preserved lest chickens should die, viii. 258 _n._ 2

Egghiou, a district of Abyssinia, rain-making in, i. 258

Eggs eaten by sower to make hemp grow tall, i. 138;
of raven in homoeopathic magic, i. 154;
or egg-shells, painted, in spring ceremonies, ii. 63, 65;
collected on May Day, ii. 64, 65;
yellow and red, fastened to Midsummer trees, ii. 65;
collected at spring ceremonies, ii. 78;
begged for by singers or maskers at Whitsuntide, ii. 81, 84, 85, 91
_sq._;
in purificatory rite, ii. 109;
offered at entering a strange land, iii. 110;
reason for breaking shells of, iii. 129 _sq._;
reason for not eating, viii. 140;
charm to make hens lay, viii. 326;
charm to ensure plenty of, x. 112, 338;
begged for at Midsummer, x. 169;
divination by white of, x. 236 _sq._, 238;
external souls of fairy beings in, xi. 106 _sqq._, 110, 125, 132 _sq._,
140 _sq._

——, Easter, ix. 269, x. 108, 122, 143, 144

Egin, in Armenia, rain-making at, i, 276;
rain-pebbles at, i. 305