Chapter XXI: Part 21

Hearne, S., on taboos observed by manslayers among North American Indians,
iii. 184 _sqq._;
on the seclusion of menstruous women among the Chippeway Indians, x. 90
_sq._

Hearn, Dr. W. E., on mother-kin among the Aryans, ii. 283 _n._ 5

Heart of Dionysus, the sacred, vii. 13, 14, 15;
of human victim torn out, viii. 92;
of jackal not eaten lest it make the eater timid, viii. 141;
of hen not eaten lest it make the eater timid, viii. 142;
of lion or leopard eaten to make the eater brave, viii. 142 _sq._;
of water-ousel eaten in order to acquire wisdom and eloquence, viii.
144;
of bear eaten to acquire courage, viii. 146;
of serpent eaten to acquire language of animals, viii. 146;
of wolf eaten to make eater brave, viii. 146;
regarded as the seat of intellect, viii. 149;
of bird of prey eaten to acquire courage, viii. 162;
of salmon not to be eaten by a dog, viii. 255 _n._ 4;
of bewitched animal burnt or boiled to compel the witch to appear, x.
321 _sq._
_See also_ Hearts

—— of the Earth, a Mexican goddess, ix. 289

Hearth, bride at marriage conducted to the, ii. 221;
custom of leading a bride round the, ii. 230, 231;
new-born children brought to the, ii. 232

——, the common, at Delphi, i. 33;
in Greek cities, i. 45

——, the king’s, at Rome, ii. 195, 200, 206;
oath by, ii. 265

——, the sacred, of the Herero, ii. 213, 214;
seat of the ancestral spirits, ii. 216, 221

Hearts of men and animals offered to the sun, i. 315;
of dead kings eaten by their successors, iv. 203;
of men sacrificed, vii. 236;
of crows, moles, or hawks eaten by diviners to acquire prophetic power,
viii. 143;
of men eaten to acquire their qualities, viii. 148 _sqq._;
of human victims offered to the sun, ix. 279 _sq._, 298;
of human victims offered to the moon, ix. 282;
of diseased cattle cut out and hung up as a remedy, x. 269 _n._ 1, 325.
_See also_ Heart

Heathen festivals displaced by Christian, v. 308

—— origin of Midsummer festival (festival of St. John), v. 249 _sq._;
of Christmas, v. 302 _sqq._

Heaven, vault of, imitated in rain-charm, i. 261, 262;
threatened with conflagration as a rain-charm, i. 303;
festivals of, i. 399 _sq._;
slave treated as the representative of, i. 399 _sq._;
temple and image of, i. 414;
the Chinese emperor a son of, i. 416 _sq._;
eaten by heaven-herds among the Zulus, viii. 160 _sq._

Heaven and earth, between, x. 1 _sqq._, 98 _sq._

——, the Queen of, xi. 303

“Heaven bird” in rain-making, i. 302

—— -herds among the Zulus, viii. 160

Heavenly Master, the head of Taoism, i. 413 _sqq._

—— Virgin or Goddess, mother of the Sun, v. 303

Hebesio, god of thunder, on the Gold Coast, iii. 257

Hebrew kings, traces of their divinity, v. 20 _sqq._

—— names ending in _-el_ or _-iah_, v. 79 _n._ 3

—— prohibition of images of animals, i. 87 _n._ 1

—— prophecy, the distinctive character of, v. 75

—— prophets, their ethical religion, i. 223;
their resemblance to those of Africa, v. 74 _sq._

Hebrews, their notion of the blighting effect of sexual crime, ii. 114
_sq._;
apocryphal Gospel to the, iv. 5 _n._ 3;
sacrifice their children to Baal, iv. 168 _sqq._;
their sacrifice of the first-born, iv. 171 _sqq._;
forbidden to reap corners of fields and glean last grapes, vii. 234
_sq._;
sacrificed and burned incense to nets, viii. 240 _n._ 1;
the importance they ascribed to blessings and cursings, ix. 23 _n._;
their use of birds as scapegoats for leprosy, ix. 35

Hebrides, wind-charms in the, i. 322 _sq._;
St. Bride’s bed on St. Bride’s Day in the, ii. 94;
the Outer, the fire of a kiln called by a special name in the, iii. 395;
peats cut in the wane of the moon in the, vi. 137 _sq._

Hebron, practice of Moslem pilgrims at, ix. 21

Hecaerge, an epithet of Artemis, v. 292

Hecate at Ephesus, v. 291;
sometimes identified with Artemis, v. 292 _n._

—— and Zeus worshipped at Stratonicea, vi. 227

Hecatombaeon, an Athenian month, ix. 351

Hecatombeus, a Greek month, v. 314

Heckewelder, Rev. John, on attitude of North American Indians to the lower
animals, viii. 205 _sq._

Hecquard, H., on exorcism of evil spirit in Guinea, ix. 120

Hector, first chief of Lochbuy, xi. 131 _n._ 1

Hedgehog not to be eaten by soldiers, i. 117;
transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299

Hegel on magic and religion, i. 235 _n._ 1, 423 _sqq._

_Hegemone_, epithet of Artemis, i. 37 _n._ 1

Hehn, V., on evergreens in Italy, i. 8 _n._ 4;
on derivation of name Corycian, v. 187 _n._ 6

Heiberg, Sigurd K., on Midsummer fires in Norway, x. 171 _n._ 3

Heifer sacrificed at kindling need-fire, x. 290

_Heimskringla_ or _Sagas of the Norwegian Kings_, ii. 280

Heine, H., _Pilgrimage to Kevlaar_, i. 77;
on the oak woods of Germany, ii. 243

Heitsi-eibib, Hottentot god or hero, his graves, iv. 3, x. 16

Hekaerge and Hekaergos, i. 33, 34, 35

_Helaga_, holy or taboo, ii. 106 _n._2

Helbig, W., on bronze statuettes at Nemi, i. 20 _n._ 5

Helen and Menelaus, ii. 279

—— of the Tree, worshipped in Rhodes, v. 292

Helensburgh, in Dumbartonshire, Hallowe’en at, x. 237 _n._ 5

Helernus, grove of, ii. 190 _sq._

Heliacal rising of Sirius, vi. 152

Helice, in Achaia, destroyed by earthquake, v. 203;
Poseidon worshipped at, v. 203 _n._ 2

Heligoland, disappearance of herring about, viii. 251

Heliodorus, on the priesthood of Apollo and Artemis at Ephesus, vi. 243
_sq._

Heliogabalus, the Emperor, his marriage of the Sun-god and Moon-goddess,
iv. 92;
his sacrifice of children of living parents, vi. 248

——, sun-god at Emesa, v. 35

Heliopolis (the Egyptian), Tum the god of, i. 419;
the gods of, ii. 131;
wine not to be taken into the temple at, iii. 249 _n._ 2;
the mummy of Toumou at, iv. 5;
Mnevis the sacred bull of, iv. 72, viii. 34;
trial of the dead Osiris before the gods at, vi. 17

—— (Baalbec), in Syria, v. 163 _n._ 2;
sacred prostitution at, i. 30 _n._ 3, v. 37, 58

Hell-broth in rain-charm, i. 352

—— -fire in Catholic and Protestant theology, iv. 136

“—— -gate of Ireland,” x. 226

Helle and Phrixus, the children of King Athamas, iv. 161 _sqq._

Hellebore, curses at cutting, i. 281

Helmsdale, in Sutherland, need-fire at, x. 295

Helpful animals in fairy tales, xi. 107, 117, 120, 127 _sqq._, 130, 132,
133, 139 _n._ 2, 140 _sq._, 149

Hemingway, Mr., on unlucky marriages in India, ii. 57 _n._ 4

Hemithea, her sanctuary at Castabus, viii. 24 _n._ 5, 85

Hemlock as an anaphrodisiac, ii. 138, 139 _n._ 1;
burned on May Day as a protection against witches, ix. 158 _sq._

Hemlock branch, external soul of ogress in a, xi. 152

—— branches, passing through a ring of, in time of sickness, xi. 186

—— stone in Nottinghamshire, x. 157

Hemorrhoids, root of orpine a cure for, xi. 62 _n._

Hemp, homoeopathic magic to promote the growth of, i. 137 _sq._;
augury as to the height of the, ix. 315;
dances to make hemp grow tall, ix. 315;
intoxication of women to make hemp grow tall, x. 109;
leaping over the Midsummer bonfire to make the hemp grow tall, x. 166,
168

Hemp dance on Shrove Tuesday, i. 138

—— seed, divination by, at Hallowe’en, x. 235, 241, 245

Hen sacrificed by woodman after felling tree, ii. 14;
soul in form of, iii. 42 _n._;
heart of, not eaten, viii. 142, 147.
_See also_ Hens

—— and chickens imitated by a woman and her children at Christmas, x. 260

Hen’s egg, external soul of giant in a, xi. 140 _sq._

Henderson, William, on need-fire, x. 288 _sq._;
on a remedy for cattle-disease, x. 296 _n._ 1;
on burnt sacrifice of ox, x. 301

Henna, image of Demeter at, vii. 65

Hennepin, L., on the New Year festival of the Iroquois, ix. 128 _n._

Heno, the thunder-spirit of the Iroquois, ii. 369 _sq._

Henry II., Hampstead in the reign of, ii. 7;
at Rouen, ii. 164, 165

Hens not eaten lest they make the eaters timid, viii. 140, 142, 147;
the straw of the Shrovetide Bear supposed to make the hens lay eggs,
viii. 326.
_See also_ Hen

Henshaw, Richard, on external or bush souls in Calabar, xi. 205 _sq._

Hepding, H., on Attis, v. 263 _n._ 1;
on Catullus’s poem _Attis_, v. 270 _n._ 2;
on the bath of Cybele’s image, v. 280

Hephaestion, funeral games in honour of, iv. 95

Hephaestius, a Greek month, vii. 46 _n._ 2

Hephaestus, the Greek fire-god, reputed father of Erichthonius, ii. 199;
(Ptah), temple of, at Memphis, iv. 259 _n._ 1;
and hot springs, v. 209;
said to have killed Adonis, viii. 23;
worshipped in Lemnos, x. 138

Hephaestus and Talos, iv. 74

Heqet, Egyptian frog-goddess, vi. 9 _n._

Hera, her adoption of Hercules, i. 74;
the love of Zeus for, i. 161;
as an oak-goddess, ii. 142, 142 _n._ 2;
race of girls in honour of, at Olympia, iv. 91;
the sister of her husband Zeus, iv. 194;
represented wearing a goat’s skin, vii. 23 _n._ 4

——, Argive, her sacred grove among the Veneti, i. 27

—— the Flowery at Argos, ii. 143 _n._ 2

—— and Hercules, i. 74

—— and Zeus, their sacred marriage, ii. 137 _n._ 1, 140 _sq._, 142 _sq._,
v. 280

Heraclids, Lydian destiny of the, v. 182, 184;
perhaps Hittite, v. 185

Heraclitus, on the souls of the dead, iv. 12

Heraean mountains in Sicily, the oaks of the, ii. 354

Heraeon, a Greek month, viii. 7

Heralds, tongues of sacrificial victims assigned to Greek, viii. 270 _sq._

Herb, a magic, gathered at Hallowe’en, x. 228

—— of St. John, mugwort, gathered on St. John’s Eve or Day, xi. 58 _sqq._;
wonderful virtues ascribed to, xi. 46, 58 _sqq._
_See also_ Herbs

Herbert River in Queensland, personal names avoided for fear of magic on
the, iii. 320

Herbrechtingen, in Thüringen, the cow at threshing at, vii. 291

Herbs thrown across the Midsummer fires, x. 182, 201;
wonderful, gathered on St. John’s Eve or Day, xi. 45 _sqq._

—— and flowers cast into the Midsummer bonfires, x. 162, 163, 172, 173

Hercules adopted by Hera, i. 74;
sacrifice with curses to, i. 281 _sq._;
his birth delayed by Lucina, iii. 298 _sq._;
in the garden of the Hesperides, iv. 80;
identified with Melcarth, v. 16, 111;
slain by Typhon and revived by Iolaus, v. 111;
burnt on Mount Oeta, v. 111, 116, 211;
worshipped at Gades, v. 112 _sq._;
women excluded from sacrifices to, v. 113 _n._ 1;
identified with Sandan, v. 125, 143, 161, ix. 388;
burns himself, v. 176;
worshipped after death, v. 180;
the itch of, v. 209;
his dispute with Aesculapius, v. 209 _sq._;
the patron of hot springs, v. 209 _sqq._;
altar of, at Thermopylae, v. 210;
the effeminate, vi. 257, 258, 259;
priest of, dressed as a woman, vi. 258;
vernal mysteries of, at Rome, vi. 258;
sacrifices to, at Rome, vi. 258 _n._ 5;
apple offered instead of ram to, viii. 95 _n._ 2;
surnamed Worm-killing, viii. 282;
cake with twelve knobs offered to, ix. 351 _n._ 3;
his death on a pyre, ix. 389, 391

Hercules and Achelous, ii. 162

—— and Alcmena, iii. 298 _sq._

—— at Argyrus, temple of, x. 99 _n._ 3

—— and Busiris, vii. 259

—— and the lion, v. 184

—— with the lion’s scalp, Greek type of, v. 117 _sq._

—— and Lityerses, vii. 217

—— surnamed Locust, viii. 282

——, the Lydian, identical with the Cilician Hercules, v. 182, 184, 185

—— and Omphale, ii. 281 _sq._, v. 182, vi. 258, ix. 389

—— and Sardanapalus, v. 172 _sqq._

—— and Syleus, vii. 258

—— and Zeus, viii. 172

Hercynian forest, the, ii. 7, 354;
etymology of the name, ii. 354 _n._ 2, 367 _n._ 3

Herd-boys, taboos observed by Esthonian, ii. 331

Herdsmen dread witches and wolves, x. 343

Hereditary and elective monarchy, combination of the two, ii. 292 _sqq._

—— deities, v. 51

—— queens and elective kings, ii. 295

Hereford, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

Herefordshire, soul-cakes in, vi. 79;
the sin-eater in, ix. 43;
fires kindled on the Eve of Twelfth Day in, ix. 318 _sqq._;
Midsummer fires in, x. 199;
the Yule log in, x. 257 _sq._

Herero or Damaras, a Bantu tribe of German South-West Africa, their
contagious magic of footprints, i. 209;
their prayers and sacrifices for rain, i. 287;
their fire-customs, ii. 211 _sqq._;
their huts and villages, ii. 212 _sq._;
their worship of ancestors, ii. 221;
seclusion of women at childbirth among the, iii. 151;
purification of warriors after battle among the, iii. 176;
holiness of women in childbed among the, iii. 225 _n._;
the worship of the dead among the, vi. 185 _sqq._

Hermaphrodite son of Sky and Earth, v. 282 _n._

Hermaphrodites, dance of, v. 271 _n._

Hermegisclus, king of the Varini, enjoined his son to wed his stepmother,
ii. 283

Hermes at Athens, the mutilation of the, iii. 75;
the grave of, iv. 4;
tongues of victims assigned to, viii. 270;
tried for the murder of Argus, ix. 24;
wayside images of, ix. 24;
Cretan festival of, ix. 350

—— and Aegipan, v. 157

Hermes and Argus, ix. 24

Hermesianax, on the death of Attis, v. 264 _n._ 4

Hermion, Dionysus of the Black Goat-skin at, vii. 17

Hermopolis, grave of Hermes at, iv. 4

Hermotimus of Clazomenae and his rambling soul, iii. 50

Hermsdorf, in Silesia, harvest custom at, vii. 139

Hermus, river, in Asia Minor, v. 185, 186

Hermutrude, legendary queen of Scotland, ii. 281

Herndon, W. L., on the ordeal of stinging with ants among the Indians of
Brazil, x. 62 _n._ 3

Hernia, cured by prayer of girl at puberty, x. 98 _n._ 1

Herod resorts to the springs of Callirrhoe, v. 214;
his slaughter of the young children, ix. 337;
his soldiers’ treatment of Christ, ix. 416

Herodas, as to the soul on the lips, iii. 33 _n._ 3

Herodes Atticus, his benefaction at Thermopylae, v. 210

Herodias, cursed by Slavonian peasants, v. 345

Herodotus on the Hyperborean maidens, i. 34 _ns._;
on the divinity of Spartan kings, i. 48 _sq._;
on the destruction of the Psylli, i. 331;
on descent of the Lydian crown, ii. 282;
on sanctuary of Aphrodite at Paphos, v. 34;
on religious prostitution, v. 58;
on wife of Bel, v. 71;
on Cyrus and Croesus, v. 174;
on the sacrifices of Croesus to Apollo, v. 180 _n._ 1;
on so-called monument of Sesostris, v. 185;
on the festival of Osiris at Sais, vi. 50;
on the mourning for Osiris, vi. 86;
identifies Osiris with Dionysus, vi. 113 _n._ 2;
on the similarity between the rites of Osiris and Dionysus, vi. 127;
on human sacrifices offered by the wife of Xerxes, vi. 221;
on the Linus song, vii. 258;
on human sacrifices in ancient Egypt, vii. 259 _n._ 3;
on the Egyptian sacrifice of pigs to Osiris and the moon, viii. 25 _n._
1;
on the worship of Ishtar (Astarte), ix. 372

Heroes worshipped in form of animals, v. 139 _n._ 1

Herrera, A. de, on _naguals_ among the Indians of Honduras, xi. 213 _sq._

Herrick, Robert, _The Hock-cart or the Harvest Home_, vii. 147 _n._ 1;
on the Yule log, x. 225

Herring thought to be attracted by the laird of Dunvegan, i. 368;
superstitions as to, viii. 251 _sq._;
salt, divination by, at Hallowe’en, x. 239

Herrings and dumplings to be eaten on Twelfth Night, ix. 241

Hersilia, a Sabine goddess, ii. 193 _n._ 1

Hertfordshire, May garlands and carols in, ii. 61, 61 _n._ 1;
“Crying the Mare” in, vii. 292 _sq._;
ague transferred to oaks in, ix. 57 _sq._

Hertz, W., on religious prostitution, v. 57 _n._ 1, 59 _n._ 4

Heruli, a Teutonic tribe, their custom of killing the sick and old, iv. 14

Hervey Islands, South Pacific, legend of the origin of the Pleiades in
the, vii. 312

Herzegovina, marriage custom at Mostar in, ii. 230 _sq._;
the Yule log in, x. 263;
need-fire in, x. 286

Hesiod, on acorns as food, ii. 355;
on Demeter as goddess of the corn, vii. 42;
on time for ploughing, vii. 45;
on time of vintage, vii. 47 _n._ 2;
on the farmer’s calendar, vii. 53

Hesperides, garden of the, iv. 80

Hesse, homoeopathic treatment of a broken leg in, i. 205;
race on horseback at a marriage in, ii. 303 _sq._;
custom at ploughing in, v. 239;
pigs’ ribs used at sowing in, vii. 300;
Lenten fire-custom in, x. 118;
Easter fires in, x. 140;
wells decked with flowers on Midsummer Day in, xi. 28

_Hest_, the Egyptian name for Isis, vi. 50 _n._ 4, 115 _n._ 1

Hestia, the Greek equivalent of Vesta, i. 45;
sacrifices offered by the king to, i. 45

Hettingen in Baden, custom at sowing at, v. 239

Heudanemi at Athens, i. 325 _n._ 1

Hewitt, J. N. B., on need-fire of the Iroquois, x. 299 _sq._

Heyne, C. G., on the Parilia, ii. 329 _n._ 1

Hezekiah, King, and the brazen serpent, iv. 86;
his reformation, v. 25, 107;
date of his reign, v. 25 _n._ 4

Hiaina district of Morocco, Midsummer custom of Arab women in, xi. 51

Hialto, how he became brave, viii. 146

Hibeh papyri, vi. 35 _n._ 1, 51 _n._ 1

Hibiscus tree used in making fire-drill, iii. 227

Hidatsa Indians of North America, on the shades or spirits of cottonwood
trees, ii. 12;
taboos observed by eagle-hunters among the, iii. 198 _sq._;
their theory of the plurality of souls, xi. 221 _sq._

Hide, cow’s, beaten with staves on the last day of the year in the
Highlands of Scotland, viii. 322 _sqq._;
beaten by the Salii with rods, ix. 231

Hide-measured lands, legends as to, vi. 249 _sq._

Hiera Sykaminos, furthest point of Roman empire in southern Egypt, iv. 144
_n._ 2

_Hieracium pilosella_, mouse-ear hawk-weed, gathered at Midsummer, xi. 57

Hieraconpolis or Hawk-town, the oldest royal capital in Egypt, iv. 112;
hawks worshipped at, vi. 22 _n._ 1;
representations of the Sed festival at, vi. 151

Hierapolis on the Euphrates, biennial ceremony of pouring water at, i. 251
_n._ 4;
sacred pigs at, viii. 23

——, the Syrian, offerings of hair at, i. 29;
rule as to mourners entering the temple of Astarte at, iii. 286;
high priest of the Syrian goddess at, v. 143 _n._ 4;
festival of the Pyre or Torch at, v. 146, ix. 392;
sacred doves at, v. 147;
eunuch priests of Astarte at, v. 269 _sq._

—— and _Hieropolis_, distinction between, v. 168 _n._ 2

——, in the valley of the Maeander, cave of Pluto at, v. 206;
hot springs at, v. 206 _sqq._

Hierapolis-Bambyce, Atargatis the goddess of, v. 137, 162;
mysterious golden image at, v. 162 _n._ 2;
rules as to the pollution of death at, vi. 227

Hieroglyphics, Hittite, v. 124, 125 _n._

Hieroglyphs perhaps magical in origin, i. 87 _n._ 1

Hieron, Greek vase of, vii. 68 _n._ 1

Hierophant at Eleusis, temporarily deprived of his virility, ii. 138;
his marriage, ii. 139 _n._ 1;
his exhortation to offer the first-fruits, vii. 55, 59 _sq._;
unlawful sacrifice offered by a, vii. 61 _n._ 4;
perhaps represented Zeus in a sacred marriage, vii. 65

Higgins, Rev. J. C., on bonfires at Tarbolton, x. 207 _n._ 2

High Alps, department of the, Midsummer fires in the, xi. 39 _sq._

_High History of the Holy Graal_, iv. 120, 134

High Priest in Timor, rules observed by, during absence of warriors, i.
128 _sq._;
of the Kafirs of the Hindoo Koosh, taboos observed by the, iii. 14 _n._
2;
of Syrian goddess at Hierapolis, v. 143 _n._ 4;
the Jewish, viii. 27, ix. 210;
the Fijian, xi. 245

—— Priestess, head of the State in Khyrim, vi. 203

Highland sorcerers use knotted cords, iii. 305 _n._ 3

—— sportsmen, their guns or fishing-rods not to be stepped over, iii. 423

—— story of absence of soul in sleep, iii. 40 _sq._;
of Headless Hugh, xi. 130 _sq._

—— witches, how they sink ships, i. 135

Highlanders of Scotland, their notion as to whirlwinds, i. 329;
their precautions against witchcraft on Beltane Eve, ii. 53;
forced fire (need-fire) among the, ii. 238;
their superstitions as to Good Friday, iii. 229;
their belief as to cut hair, iii. 271;
loose or cut all knots on a corpse, iii. 310;
certain words tabooed to them at sea, iii. 394;
on the influence of the moon, vi. 132, 134, 140;
their medicinal applications of menstruous blood, x. 98 _n._ 1;
their belief in the power of witches to destroy cattle, x. 343 _n._ 1;
their belief concerning snake stones, xi. 311

Highlands of Scotland, magic to catch fish in the, i. 110;
magical virtues ascribed to chiefs in the, i. 368;
faith in the healing touch of a Macdonald in the, i. 370 _n._ 3;
St. Bride’s day in the, ii. 94;
fires put out in house of death in the, ii. 267 _n._ 4;
divination by the shoulder-blades of sheep in the, iii. 229;
iron as a charm against fairies in the, iii. 232 _sq._;
saying about combing hair at night in the, iii. 271;
knots untied and buckles removed at marriage in the, iii. 299 _sq._;
the last corn cut at harvest called the Old Wife (_Cailleach_) in the,
vii. 140 _sqq._;
the last corn cut at harvest called the Maiden in the, vii. 155 _sqq._;
beating the cow’s hide on the last day of the year in the, viii. 322
_sqq._;
custom of throwing stones on cairns in the, ix. 20 _sq._;
cock buried alive on spot where epileptic patient fell down in the, ix.
68 _n._ 2;
the Twelve Days in the, ix. 324;
snake stones in the, x. 16;
Beltane fires in the, x. 146 _sqq._;
Hallowe’en fires in the, x. 230 _sqq._;
divination at Hallowe’en in the, x. 229, 234 _sqq._;
need-fire in the, x. 289 _sqq._;
need-fire and Beltane fire kindled by the friction of oak in the, xi. 91

_Hilaria_, Festival of Joy in the rites of Attis, v. 273

Hildesheim, the Leaf King at Whitsuntide at, ii. 85;
bell-ringing at, on Ascension Day, ix. 247 _sq._;
Easter rites of fire and water at, x. 124;
Easter bonfires at, x. 141;
the need-fire at, x. 272 _sq._;
hawk-weed gathered on Midsummer Day at, xi. 57

Hill, G. F., on image of Artemis at Perga, v. 35 _n._ 2;
on legend of coins at Tarsus, v. 126 _n._ 2;
on goddess ’Atheh, v. 162 _n._ 1;
on coins of Mallus, v. 165 _n._ 6

Hill, Miss Nina, on a Candlemas custom in County Galway, ii. 95 _n._

Hill of the Fires in the Highlands of Scotland, x. 149

—— of Lloyd, near Kells, iv. 99

—— of Ward, in County Meath, x. 139

Hill Tout, C., on respect shown by the Indians of British Columbia for the
animals and plants which they eat, vi. 44;
on Indian ceremonies before eating the first wild berries or roots of
the season, viii. 80 _sq._, 134

Hills, spirits of, worshipped in Burma, ii. 41

Himalayan districts of the North-Western Provinces of India, gardens of
Adonis in the, v. 242;
sacrifices at sowing and harvest in the, viii. 117;
prayers at cairns in the, ix. 29;
mistletoe in the, xi. 316

Himalayas, cairns or heaps of sticks in the, ix. 12

Himera, the battle of, iv. 167, v. 115;
hot springs of, v. 213 _n._ 1

Himerius, on the gift of the corn, vii. 58

Hindoo bride led round the fire, ii. 230

—— ceremony of rebirth from a golden cow, iii. 113

—— charm to cause sleep, i. 148;
ancient, by means of knots, iii. 306

—— expiation for killing sacred animals, iv. 216

—— marriage, the pole-star at, i. 166

—— marriages of trees and shrubs, ii. 25 _sq._

—— places of pilgrimage, hair of criminals shaved at, iii. 287

—— ritual, confession of sins in, iii. 217;
ancient, for the transference of thirst, ix. 38;
abstinence from salt in, x. 27;
as to cutting a child’s hair, x. 99 _n._ 2

—— story of the absence of the soul in a dream, iii. 38 _n._ 4

—— Trinity, i. 225, 404

—— women will not name their husbands, iii. 333;
their restrictions at menstruation, x. 84

—— worship of cows, viii. 37

Hindoo Koosh, sacred cedar of the, i. 383;
diviners among the tribes of the, i. 383 _sq._;
the Kafirs of the, i. 385;
expulsion of demons after harvest in the, ix. 137, 225

Hindoos, magical images among the, i. 63 _sqq._;
their contagious magic of footprints, i. 209;
their test of a sacrificial victim, i. 384 _sq._;
worship the Holy Basil (_tulasi_) plant, ii. 26 _sq._;
their custom at yawning, iii. 31;
their custom as to paring children’s nails, iii. 262 _sq._;
their belief as to shooting stars, iv. 67;
their indifference to death, iv. 136;
sacredness of the first-born among the, iv. 181;
their belief in the rebirth of a father in his son, iv. 188;
burial of infants among the, v. 94;
their worship of perpetual fire, v. 192;
their marriage customs, vi. 246, x. 75;
transference of evil among the, ix. 38;
their fear of demons, ix. 91 _sq._;
maidens secluded at puberty among the, x. 68;
their use of menstruous fluid, x. 98 _n._ 1;
stories of the external soul among the, xi. 97 _sqq._
_See also_ India

Hindoos, ancient, magical images among the, i. 77;
their treatment of jaundice, i. 79;
barley in the religious ritual of the, vii. 132;
sacrifice of first-fruits among the, viii. 119 _sq._;
their cure for epilepsy, ix. 69 _n._

—— of the Central Provinces, their belief that a twin can ward off hail
and heavy rain, i. 269

—— of Northern India, their mode of drinking moonshine, vi. 144

—— of the Punjaub, their belief as to the length of a soul’s residence in
heaven, iv. 67;
annual ceremony of the expulsion of poverty among the, ix. 144 _sq._;
their custom of passing unlucky children through narrow openings, xi.
190

—— of Southern India, their ceremony at eating the new rice, viii. 56;
their Pongol festival, xi. 1

Hinnom, the Valley of, sacrifice of first-born children in, iv. 169, 170,
v. 178, vi. 219

Hippasus, torn to pieces by Bacchanals, iv. 164

Hippoclides and Clisthenes, ii. 307 _sq._

Hippocrates, sacrifices offered to, i. 105;
on a Sarmatian custom of moulding the heads of children artificially,
ii. 297

Hippodamia, her marriage with Pelops, iv. 91;
institutes the girls’ race at Olympia, iv. 91;
grave of the suitors of, iv. 104;
her incest with her father, v. 44 _n._ 1

—— and Pelops, ii. 279, 299 _sq._

Hippolytus killed by horses, i. 20, iv. 214, viii. 40;
restored to life by Aesculapius, i. 20, iv. 214;
dedicated horses to Aesculapius, i. 21 _n._ 2, viii. 41 _n._ 5;
hair dedicated by youths and maidens to, i. 28, 39

—— and Artemis, i. 19 _sq._, 24 _sqq._

—— and Phaedra, i. 19

—— or Virbius, the first King of the Wood at Nemi, i. 19 _sq._, iv. 214,
viii. 40

Hippolytus, Christian Father, on the exhibition of corn to the initiates
at Eleusis, vii. 38

Hippolytus, Saint, martyrdom of, i. 21

Hippomenes wins Atalante in a race, ii. 301

Hippopotamus, ceremony after killing a, viii. 235;
external soul of chief in a, xi. 200

Hippopotamuses, souls of dead in, viii. 289;
lives of persons bound up with those of, xi. 201, 202, 205, 209

Hiqit, frog-headed Egyptian goddess, ii. 132, 133

Hirn, Y., as to homoeopathic magic, i. 52 _n._ 1;
on magic by similarity and magic by contact, i. 54 _n._ 1

Hiro, Polynesian thief-god, iii. 69

Hirpi Sorani, their fire-walk, xi. 14 _sq._

Hirpini, the, traced their origin to a “sacred spring,” iv. 186;
guided by a wolf (_hirpus_), iv. 186 _n._ 4;
valley of Amsanctus in the land of, v. 204

Hirschfeld, G., on Hittite hieroglyphs, i. 87 _n._ 1

Hirt, Professor H., on the derivation of the name Perkunas, ii. 367 _n._
3;
on the Twelve Days, ix. 325 _n._ 3

Hissar District, Punjaub, burial of dead infants at the threshold in the,
v. 94

Historical tradition hampered by the taboo on the names of the dead, iii.
363 _sqq._

History not to be explained without the influence of great men, v. 311
_n._ 2;
of mankind not to be summed up in a few simple formulas, viii. 37;
of religion a long attempt to reconcile old custom with new reason,
viii. 40

Hitchin, in Hertfordshire, May carols at, ii. 61 _n._ 1

Hittite, correct form of the national name Chatti or Hatti, v. 133 _n._

Hittite god of thunder, v. 134, 163

—— gods at Tarsus and Sardes, v. 185

—— hieroglyphics, i. 87 _n._ 1, v. 124, 125 _n._

—— inscription on Mount Argaeus, v. 190 _n._ 1

—— priest or king, his costume, v. 131 _sq._, 133 _n._

—— sculptures at Carchemish, v. 38 _n._, 123;
at Ibreez, v. 121 _sqq._;
at Bor (Tyana), v. 122 _n._ 1;
at Euyuk, v. 123;
at Boghaz-Keui, v. 128 _sqq._;
at Babylon, v. 134;
at Zenjirli, v. 134;
at Giaour-Kalesi, v. 138 _n._;
at Kara-Bel, v. 138 _n._;
at Marash, v. 173;
in Lydia, v. 185

—— Sun-goddess, v. 133 _n._

—— treaty with Egypt, v. 135 _sq._

Hittites worship the bull, v. 123, 132;
their empire, language, etc., v. 124 _sq._;
their costume, v. 129 _sq._, 131;
their seals of treaty, v. 136, 142 _n._ 1, 145 _n._ 2;
traces of mother-kin among the, v. 141 _sq._;
their deity named Tark or Tarku, v. 147

Hkamies of North Aracan, their annual festival of the dead, vi. 61

Hkön, race of Upper Burma, virgins of the, married to the spirit of a
lake, ii. 150 _sq._

Hlubi chief, his external soul in a pair of ox-horns, xi. 156

Hlubies, the, of South-Eastern Africa, their rain-making, i. 249

Ho tribe of Togoland, their kings buried secretly, vi. 104.
_See_ Hos

Hoare, Sir Richard Colt, on Hallowe’en in Wales, x. 239

Hobby-horse at Padstow, ii. 68;
to carry away spirit of smallpox, ix. 119

Hobley, C. W., on the belief of the Akikuyu in the fertilization of women
by wild fig-trees, ii. 316;
on spiritual husbands among the Akamba, ii. 316 _sq._

Hochofen, village of Bohemia, annual expulsion of witches on Walpurgis
Night at, ix. 161 _sq._

Hockey played as a ceremony, ix. 174

Hockey cart, the waggon on which the last corn is brought from the harvest
vii. 147 _n._ 1

Hodgson, Adam, on Indian parallel to Jacob wrestling with the angel, viii.
field, 264

Hodson, T. C., on mode of keeping count of years in Manipur, iv. 117 _n._
1;
on taboos among the hill tribes of Assam, vii. 109 _n._ 2;
on annual eponyms in Manipur, ix. 39 _sq._

Hodum Deo, images of, i. 284 _n._

Hoeck, K., on the pursuit of Britomartis by Zeus, iv. 73 _n._ 1

Hoeing, rites at, vii. 96;
done by women, vii. 113 _sq._

Hoensbroech, Count von, his mode of communion with the Deity, viii. 94

Hoes used by women in agriculture, vii. 114, 115, 116, 118, 119

Hofmayr, P. W., on the Supreme Being of the Shilluks, iv. 18 _n._ 1;
on the worship of Nyakang among the Shilluks, iv. 19 _n._ 3, vi. 164,
166

Hog-sucker in homoeopathic magic, i. 155

Hog’s blood, purifying virtue of, i. 107.
_See_ Pig

Hog’s wort (_Peucedanum leiocarpum_, Nutt.) burnt as an offering to
salmon, viii. 254

Hogarth, D. G., on relics of paganism at Paphos, v. 36;
on the Corycian cave, v. 155 _n._;
on Roman remains at Tarsus, v. 172 _n._ 1

Hogg, Alexander, and Midsummer bonfires, x. 206 _sq._

Hoggan, Frances, on cutting “the neck” at harvest in Pembrokeshire, vii.
267

Hogmanay, the last day of the year, Highland custom of beating a cow’s
hide on, viii. 323;
song in the Isle of Man, x. 224;
the “Burning of the Clavie” at Burghead on, x. 266

Hogs sacrificed to goddess of volcano, v. 218 _sq._
_See_ Pigs

Hohenstaufen Mountains in Wurtemberg, Midsummer fires in the, x. 166

Hole in tongue of medicine-man, xi. 238, 239

Holed flint a protection against witches, ix. 162

—— stone in magic, i. 313.
_See also_ Holes

Holes in rocks or stones which sick people creep through as a cure, xi.
186 _sqq._

Holi, a festival of Northern India, bonfires at, xi. 2 _sq._

Holiness conceived as a dangerous virus, viii. 29;
or taboo conceived as a dangerous physical substance which needs to be
insulated, x. 6 _sq._

—— and pollution not differentiated by savages, iii. 224

Holland, belief as to cauls in, i. 199;
Whitsuntide customs in, ii. 80, 104;
story as to absence of soul from body in, iii. 39 _n._ 1;
“Killing the Hare” at harvest in, vii. 280;
Easter fires in, x. 145

Hollantide Eve (Hallowe’en) in the Isle of Man, x. 244

Hollertau, Bavaria, Easter fires in the, x. 122

Hollis, A. C., on a Masai custom as to the brewing of honey-wine, iii. 200
_n._ 3;
on serpent-worship among the Akikuyu, v. 67 _sq._;
on serpent-worship among the Masai, v. 84;
on serpent-worship among the Nandi, v. 84 _sq._;
on custom of manslayers among the Nandi, viii. 155;
on pretence of being born again at circumcision among the Akikuyu, xi.
262

Hollow things, homoeopathic magic of, i. 157 _sq._

Holly-oaks in sacred grove of Dia, ii. 122

Holly-tree, children passed through a cleft, xi. 169 _n._ 2

Holm-oak or ilex, resemblance of its leaf to the laurel, iv. 81 _sq._;
the Golden Bough growing on a, xi. 285

Holstein, the last sheaf called the Corn-mother in, vii. 133 _sq._;
fox carried from house to house in spring in, vii. 297

Holy Apostles, church of the, at Florence, x. 126

—— Basil, worshipped in India, ii. 26

—— candles, i. 13

—— Ghost, alleged incarnation of the, i. 409;
regarded as female, iv. 5 _n._ 3

—— of Holies, the Fijian, xi. 244, 245

—— Innocents’ Day, young people beat each other on, ix. 270, 271;
mock pope or bishop on, ix. 334, 336, 337, 338

—— Land, fire flints brought from the, x. 126

“—— men” in Syria, v. 77 _sq._

—— Saturday, effigy of Queen of Lent beheaded on, iv. 244

—— Sepulchre, church of the, at Jerusalem, ceremony of the new fire in
the, x. 128 _sq._

—— water a charm against witchcraft, ii. 340;
sprinkling with, iii. 285 _sq._;
a protection against witches, ix. 158, 164 _sq._

Holyrood, Charles the First at, i. 368

Homer on the loves of Zeus and Hera, ii. 143;
kings called divine in, ii. 177;
on Demeter as goddess of the corn, vii. 41 _sq._;
on loves of Zeus and Demeter, vii. 66;
on gods in likeness of foreigners, vii. 236

Homeric age, funeral games in the, iv. 93

—— Greeks cut out tongues of sacrificial victims, viii. 270

—— _Hymn to Demeter_, vii. 35 _sqq._, 70, 161 _n._ 4, 211 _n._ 3

Homesteads protected by bonfires against lightning and conflagration, x.
344

Homicide, banishment of, iv. 69 _sq._
_See_ Manslayers

Hommel, Professor F., on the Hittite deity Tarku, v. 147 _n._ 3

Homoeopathic or imitative magic, i. 52 _sqq._, iii. 151, 152, 207, 295,
298, iv. 283, 285, vii. 10, 62, 262, viii. 267, 272, 331, 333,
334, ix. 177, 232, 257, 404, x. 49, 133, xi. 177, 287;
for the making of rain, i. 247 _sqq._;
of a flesh diet, viii. 138 _sqq._
_See also_ Magic

—— taboos, i. 116

Homogeneity of civilization in prehistoric times in Southern Europe and
Western Asia, ix. 409

Homolje mountains in Servia, “living fire” in time of epidemic at the, ii.
237, x. 282

Honduras, Indians of, their superstition as to the bones of deer, viii.
241;
the _nagual_ or external soul among the, xi. 213 _sq._, 226 _n._ 1

Hone, W., on May-poles, ii. 70 _sq._;
on “crying the neck,” vii. 264 _sq._

Honey offered to the sun-god, i. 311

—— and milk offered to snakes, v. 85, viii. 288

Honey-cakes, sacred serpent fed with, iv. 86, v. 87

—— -wine, continence observed at brewing, iii. 200

Honorific totems of the Carrier Indians, xi. 273 _sqq._

Honorius and Theodosius, decree of, ix. 392

Honour and good faith, the bonds of, strengthened by superstition, iii.
130

Hood Bay in New Guinea, custom observed after a death at, ix. 84

Hood, Thomas, on the water-fairy, iii. 94

Hoods worn by women after childbirth, x. 20;
worn by girls at puberty, x. 44 _sq._, 48 _sq._, 55;
worn by women at menstruation, x. 90.
_See also_ Hats

Hook-thorn not to be cut while the corn is in the ground, ii. 49

Hooks used in magic, i. 132, 347;
to catch souls, iii. 30 _sq._, 51;
Indian custom of swinging on, iv. 278 _sq._

Hoop, crawling through a, as a cure or preventive of disease, xi. 184;
of rowan-tree, sheep forced through a, xi. 184

Hoopoe brings the mythical springwort, xi. 70 _n._ 2

Hop-picking, treatment of strangers at, vii. 226

Hope of immortality, the Egyptian, centred in Osiris, vi. 15 _sq._, 90
_sq._, 114, 159

Hopi Indians, their fire-drill, ii. 208 _sq._

Hopladamus, a giant, v. 157 _n._ 2

Hora and Quirinus, vi. 233

Horatius purified for the murder of his sister, xi. 194

Horkos, the Greek god of oaths, vi. 231 _n._ 5

Hornbeam, mistletoe on, xi. 315

Horne Island, South Pacific, blood of wounded friends smeared on their
relatives in, iii. 245

Horned cap worn by priest or god, v. 123;
of Hittite god, v. 134

—— Dionysus, vii. 12, 16

—— god, Hittite and Greek, v. 123

—— lion on coins of Tarsus, v. 127

Hornkampe in Prussia, the last sheaf called the Old Woman at, vii. 137

Hornless ox in homoeopathic magic, i. 151

Horns, of goat hung on a sacred tree, ii. 42;
of sacrificial oxen, iv. 32, 33;
as a religious emblem, v. 34;
worn by gods, v. 163 _sq._;
of a cow worn by Isis, vi. 50;
of straw worn to keep off demons, ix. 118;
of goat a protection against witches, ix. 162

Horns blown to expel demons, ix. 111, 117, 204, 214;
to ban witches, ix. 160, 161, 165, 166;
at Penzance on eve of May Day, ix. 163 _sq._;
by maskers, ix. 243, 244

Horse, prohibition to see a, iii. 9;
prohibition to ride, iii. 13;
“seeing the Horse,” vii. 294;
“Cross of the Horse,” vii. 294;
“fatigue of the Horse,” vii. 294;
sacrificed to Mars in October for the sake of the crops, viii. 42
_sqq._, ix. 230;
ceremony of the, at rice-harvest among the Garos, viii. 337 _sqq._;
sacrifice of, in Vedic times, ix. 122 _n._;
beloved by Ishtar, ix. 371, 407 _n._ 2;
beloved by Semiramis, ix. 407 _n._ 2;
witch in the shape of a, x. 319.
_See also_ Horses

——, black, in rain-charm, i. 290

—— or mare, last sheaf given to, vii. 141, 156, 158, 160, 161, 162, 294;
corn spirit as, vii. 202 _sqq._

——, red, sacrificed as a purification of the land, ix. 213

——, sacred, in Celebes, i. 364;
sacrificed at Rome in October, ii. 229, 326

—— and Virbius, viii. 40 _sqq._

——, the White, effigy carried through Midsummer fire, x. 203 _sq._

Horse-chestnut, mistletoe on, xi. 315

Horse-headed Demeter of Phigalia, viii. 21, 338

—— -mackerel, descent of a totemic clan from a, iv. 129

—— -race of boys at Lhasa, ix. 221 _n._ 1

—— -races, at Whitsuntide in Germany, ii. 69;
in honour of the dead, iv. 97, 98, 99, 101, 103;
at fairs, iv. 99 _sqq._;
at Eleusis, vii. 71;
at harvest, vii. 76, viii. 114

—— sacrifice in ancient India, xi. 80 _n._ 3

—— -shoes a protection against witches, ix. 162

Horse’s flesh tabooed, among Zulus, i. 118

—— Fount at Troezen, i. 26, 27

—— head, in Roman sacrifice, viii. 42;
used to protect garden from caterpillars, viii. 43 _n._ 1;
in effigy at harvest festival, viii. 43 _n._ 1, 337 _sq._;
thrown into Midsummer fire, xi. 40

—— tail cut off in sacrifice, viii. 42, 43

Horseman, charm to make a good, i. 152

Horses, Hippolytus killed by, i. 19 _sq._, iv. 214;
excluded from Arician grove, i. 20, viii. 40 _sqq._;
dedicated by Hippolytus to Aesculapius, i. 21 _n._ 2, 27;
branded with mark of wolf, i. 27;
in relation to Diomede, i. 27;
sacrifice of white, i. 27;
sacrificed to the sun, i. 315 _sq._;
Lycurgus, king of the Edonians, torn to pieces by, i. 366, vi. 98, vii.
24;
sacrificed to trees, ii. 16;
sacrificed to rivers, ii. 16 _sq._;
sacrificed to water-spirits, ii. 157;
sanctity of white, ii. 174 _n._ 2;
sacrifices for, on St. George’s Day, ii. 332, 336 _sq._;
sacrificed and hung on trees of sacred grove, ii. 365;
left unclipped for a year after a king’s consecration, iii. 260;
not to be called by their proper names, iii. 408, 413;
sacrificed for the use of the dead, v. 293 _sq._;
excluded from sanctuaries, viii. 45 _sq._;
used by sacred persons, x. 4 _n._ 1;
not to be touched or ridden by menstruous women, x. 88 _sq._, 96;
driven through the need-fire, x. 276, 297.
_See also_ Horse

Horus, the eye of, i. 364, vi. 17, 121 with _n._ 3, viii. 30;
the soul of, in Orion, iv. 5;
the four sons of, in the likeness of hawks, vi. 22;
decapitates his mother Isis, vi. 88;
represented sacrificing a human victim to Osiris, vii. 260;
his eye injured by Typhon, viii. 30;
institutes the sacrifice of a pig, viii. 30;
the birth of, ix. 341

—— of Edfu identified with the sun, vi. 123

—— the elder, vi. 6

——, the golden, i. 418

—— the younger, son of Isis and the dead Osiris, vi. 8, 15;
accused by Set of being a bastard, vi. 17;
his combat with Set, vi. 17;
his eye destroyed by Set and restored by Thoth, vi. 17;
reigns over the Delta, vi. 17

Hos of Bengal offer first-fruits of rice to the sun-god, viii. 117;
their annual expulsion of demons at harvest, ix. 136 _sq._

—— of Togoland (West Africa), a tribe of Ewe negroes, their customs as to
twins, i. 265;
sanctity of the king’s throne among the, i. 365;
their human gods, i. 396 _sq._;
their ceremony at felling a palm for wine, ii. 19;
their god and goddess of lightning, ii. 370;
their priests with unshorn hair, iii. 259;
their magical use of knots to facilitate childbirth, iii. 295 _sq._;
their use of knots in cursing, iii. 301 _sq._;
tie strings round the sick as a cure, iii. 304;
their comparison of maize to a mother, vii. 130;
their miniature gardens dedicated to “guardian gods,” vii. 234;
their festival of the new yams, viii. 58 _sqq._;
their offerings of new yams, viii. 115 _sq._;
their annual expulsion of evils, ix. 134 _sqq._, 206 _sq._;
their dread of menstruous women, x. 82

Hose, Dr. Charles, on ceremony of adoption in Sarawak, i. 75 _n._ 1;
on creeping through a cleft stick after a funeral, xi. 175 _sq._

——, Dr. Charles and W. McDougall, on head-hunting in Borneo, v. 295 _n._
1;
on the _ngarong_ or secret helper of the Ibans, xi. 224 _n._ 1

Hosea on religious prostitution, v. 58;
on the Baalim, v. 75 _n._;
on the prophet as a madman, v. 77

Hoshangábád, in Central India, custom as to the last corn cut at, vii. 222

Hospitality, bonds of, strengthened through superstition, iii. 130

Hosskirch, in Swabia, mode of predicting the weather for the year at, ix.
323

Hostages, clipped hair used as, iii. 272 _sq._

Hostility of religion to magic in history, i. 226

Hot springs resorted to by women in order to obtain offspring, ii. 161;
worship of, v. 206 _sqq._;
Hercules the patron of, v. 209 _sqq._;
resorted to by childless women in Syria, v. 213 _sqq._

—— water drunk as a charm, i. 129

Hother, Hodr, or Hod, the blind god, and Balder, x. 101 _sqq._, xi. 279
_n._ 4

Hottentot charm to make the wind drop, i. 320

—— hunters, their contagious magic of footprints, i. 212

—— prayers for cattle at cairns, ix. 29 _sq._

—— priest never uses an iron knife, iii. 227

—— women, rules observed by, in the absence of their husbands, i. 120
_sq._

Hottentots, seclusion and purification of hunters among the, iii. 220
_sq._;
the mortal god of the, iv. 3;
their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 316 _sq._;
throw stones or sticks on the graves of Heitsi-eibib, ix. 16;
drive their sheep through fire, xi. 11 _sq._

Hounds protected against spirits of wild beasts killed in the chase, ii.
128.
_See also_ Dogs

House, taboos observed after building a new, ii. 40;
ceremony at entering a new, iii. 63 _sq._;
taboos on quitting the, iii. 122 _sqq._;
destroyed after a death, iii. 286

House-building, homoeopathic magic of woods used in, i. 146;
custom as to shadows at, iii. 81, 89 _sq._;
continence observed at, iii. 202

—— -communities of the Servians, x. 259 _n._ 1

—— -timber, homoeopathic magic of, i. 146;
tree-spirits propitiated in, ii. 39 _sq._

Housebreakers, charms employed by, to cause sleep, i. 148 _sq._

Houses built with one story, reason for, iii. 253, 254;
fumigated as a protection against witches, ix. 158;
protected by bonfires against lightning and conflagration, x. 344;
made fast against witches on Midsummer Eve, xi. 73

“—— of the soul” in Isaiah, xi. 155 _n._ 3

Housman, Professor A. E., on the feast of the Nativity of the Virgin, x.
220 _sq._

Houstry, in Caithness, need-fire at, x. 291 _sq._

Hovas, the, of Madagascar, divinity of kings among, i. 397;
offer the first-fruits of the crop to the king, viii. 116

_How_, the civil king of Tonga, iii. 21

Howitt, A. W., as to extracted teeth of Australian aborigines, i. 176;
on contagious magic of footprints in Australia, i. 207 _sq._;
on Australian magic, iii. 269;
on superstitions as to personal names among the Australian aborigines,
iii. 320;
on Australian belief as to falling stars, iv. 64;
on seclusion of menstruous women in Australia, x. 78;
on killing a totem animal, xi. 220 _n._ 2;
on secrecy of totem names in Australia, xi. 225 _n._;
on the drama of resurrection at initiation in Australia, xi. 235 _sqq._

Howitt, Miss Mary E. B., her _Folklore and Legends of some Victorian
Tribes_, xi. 226 _n._ 1

Howth, the western promontory of, Midsummer fire on, x. 204

Howth Castle, life-tree of the St. Lawrence family at, xi. 166

Hoyerswerda, district of Silesia, the “Old Man” at threshing in, vii. 149;
Walpurgis bonfires to keep off witches in the, ix. 163

Hsa Möng Hkam, a native state of Upper Burma, care for the butterfly
spirit of the rice in, vii. 190

_Huaca_, Peruvian word for god, ii. 146

Huahine, one of the Tahitian Islands, xi. 11 _n._ 3;
offering of first-fruits in, viii. 132 _sq._

Hubert, H., and M. Mauss, Messrs., on taboo as a negative magic, i. 111
_n._ 2

Huckle-bone of hare in cure, ix. 50 _sq._

_Huddler_ or _Huttler_, mummers at Carnival to promote the flax crop in
the Tyrol, ix. 248

_Hudel_-running in the Tyrol, ix. 248

Hudson Bay, the Esquimaux of, iii. 207, 228, viii. 257;
the Chippeways of, x. 90

Hughes, Miss E. P., on the fire-walk in Japan, xi. 10 _n._ 1

Huichol Indians of Mexico, their use of magical images, i. 71;
taboos observed by them during the search for the sacred cactus, i. 123
_sq._;
their homoeopathic charm to ensure skill in weaving, i. 154 _sq._;
their rain-making by carrying water, i. 302;
their worship of water, ii. 156;
their chastity before hunting, iii. 197;
personify maize as a little girl, vii. 177;
their communion with a god by partaking of his effigy, viii. 93;
their transference of fatigue to heaps of stones, ix. 10

Huichol superstition as to the growth of corn, ix. 347 _n._ 3

Huilla, African kingdom, the king of, thought to make rain, i. 348

Huitzilopochtli, or Vitzilopochtli, a great Mexican god, viii. 95, ix.
300;
dough image of him made and eaten sacramentally, viii. 86 _sqq._, 90
_sq._;
young man sacrificed in the character of, ix. 280 _sq._;
temple of, ix. 287, 290, 297;
hall of, ix. 294

Huixtocihuatl, Mexican goddess of Salt, ix. 283;
woman annually sacrificed in the character of, ix. 283 _sq._

Huligamma, Indian goddess, eunuchs dedicated to her, v. 271 _n._

Human beings permanently possessed by deities, i. 386 _sqq._;
torn to pieces in rites of Dionysus, vii. 24;
burnt in the fires, xi. 21 _sqq._

—— divinities put to death, x. i. _sq._

—— flesh, transformation into animal shape through eating, iv. 83 _sq._

—— god and goddess, their enforced union, ix. 386 _sq._

—— gods, i. 373 _sqq._, ii. 377 _sqq._;
bound by many rules, iii. 419 _sq._

—— immortality in relation to the immortality of animals, viii. 260 _sqq._

—— Leopard Societies of West Africa, iv. 83

—— representatives of Attis, v. 285 _sqq._;
of gods sacrificed in Mexico, ix. 275 _sqq._

—— sacrifice, substitutes for, iv. 124, 214 _sqq._, v. 146 _sq._, 285,
289, vi. 99, 221, vii. 33 _sq._, 249;
successive mitigations of, ix. 396 _sq._, 408

—— sacrifices offered to man-gods, i. 386, 387;
to trees, ii. 15, 17;
offered on roofs of new houses, ii. 39;
at foundation of buildings, iii. 90 _sq._;
at the cutting of a chief’s hair, iii. 264;
at Upsala, iv. 58;
to renew the sun’s fire, iv. 74 _sq._;
in ancient Greece, iv. 161 _sqq._;
mock, iv. 214 _sqq._;
offered by ancestors of the European races, iv. 214;
in worship of the moon, v. 73;
to the Tauric Artemis, v. 115;
to Diomede at Salamis, v. 145;
offered at earthquakes, v. 201;
offered at irrigation channels, vi. 38;
of the kings of Ashantee and Dahomey, vi. 97 _n._ 7;
offered to Dionysus, vi. 98 _sq._;
offered by the Mexicans for the maize, vi. 107;
at the graves of the kings of Uganda, vi. 168;
to dead kings, vi. 173;
to dead chiefs, vi. 191;
to prolong the life of kings, vi. 220 _sq._, 223 _sqq._;
for crops, vii. 236 _sqq._;
offered by ancient Egyptians, vii. 259 _sq._;
at festival of new yams in Ashantee, viii. 62, 63;
in Mexico, viii. 88, ix. 275 _sqq._;
at fire-festivals, ix. 300 _sqq._, x. 106;
in connexion with Cronus, ix. 353 _sq._;
their influence on cosmogonical theories, ix. 409 _sqq._;
traces of, x. 146, 148, 150 _sqq._, 186, xi. 31;
offered by the ancient Germans, xi. 28 _n._ 1;
among the Celts of Gaul, xi. 32 _sq._;
the victims in the Celtic sacrifices perhaps witches and wizards, xi. 41
_sqq._;
W. Mannhardt’s theory of the Celtic sacrifices, xi. 43.
_See also_ Human victims

Human scapegoats, ix. 38 _sqq._, 194 _sqq._, 210 _sqq._;
in ancient Rome, ix. 229 _sqq._;
in classical antiquity, ix. 229 _sqq._;
in ancient Greece, ix. 252 _sqq._;
reason for beating the, ix. 256 _sq._

—— souls transmigrate into animals, viii. 285 _sqq._

—— victims sacrificed to water-spirits, ii. 157 _sqq._;
substitutes for, iv. 124, 214 _sqq._, v. 146 _sq._, 285, 289, vi. 99,
221, vii. 33 _sq._, 249;
thrown into volcanoes, v. 219 _sq._;
uses made of their skins, v. 293;
as representatives of the corn-spirit, vi. 97, 106 _sq._;
killed with hoes, spades, and rakes, vi. 99 _n._ 2;
treated as divine, vii. 250;
men clad in the skins of, ix. 265 _sq._, 294 _sq._, 296 _sqq._;
sacrificed as representatives of gods, ix. 275 _sqq._;
annually burnt, xi. 286 _n._ 2

Humbé, African kingdom, the king of, thought to make rain, i. 348;
incontinence of young people under puberty thought to entail the death
of the king of, iii. 6

Humboldt, A. von, on the theocracy of the Chibchas or Muyscas, i. 416

Humman or Hommon, national god of the Elamites, ix. 366

Humphrey’s Island. _See_ Manahiki

Hundred and eight girls and cows in rain-making, i. 284

Hungarian story of the external soul, xi. 140

Hungary, continence at sowing in, ii. 105;
“Sawing the Old Woman” among the gypsies of, iv. 243;
the harvest cock in, vii. 277;
custom at threshing in, vii. 291;
woman fertilized by being struck with certain sticks in, ix. 264;
Midsummer fires in, x 178 _sq._

Hungary, German, Whitsuntide Queen in, ii. 87

Hunger the root of the worship of Adonis, v. 231;
expulsion of, at Chaeronea, ix. 252

Hunt, Holman, his picture of the new fire at Jerusalem, x. 130 _n._

Hunt, Robert, on burnt sacrifices in the West of England, x. 303

Hunter, the primitive, believes himself exposed to the vengeance of the
ghosts of the animals which he has killed, viii. 208

Hunter River tribes of New South Wales, avoidance of the wife’s mother
among the, iii. 84