Chapter VIII: Part 8

Adonis at Byblus, i. 30;
myth of, v. 3 _sqq._;
Greek worship of, v. 6;
in Greek mythology, v. 10 _sqq._;
in Syria, v. 13 _sqq._;
monuments of, v. 29;
in Cyprus, v. 31 _sqq._, 49;
identified with Osiris, v. 32;
mourning for, at Byblus, v. 38;
said to be the fruit of incest, v. 43;
his mother Myrrha, v. 43;
son of Theias, v. 43 _n._ 4, 55 _n._ 4;
the son of Cinyras, v. 49;
the title of the sons of Phoenician kings in Cyprus, v. 49;
his violent death, v. 55;
music in the worship of, v. 55;
sacred prostitution in the worship of, v. 57;
inspired prophets in worship of, v. 76;
human representatives of, perhaps burnt, v. 110;
doves burned in honour of, v. 147;
personated by priestly kings, v. 223;
the ritual of, v. 223 _sqq._;
his death and resurrection represented in his rites, v. 224 _sq._, ix.
398;
festivals of, v. 224 _sqq._;
flutes played in the laments for, v. 225 _n._ 3;
the ascension of, v. 225;
images of, thrown into the sea or springs, v. 225, 227 _n._ 3, 236;
born from a myrrh-tree, v. 227, vi. 110;
bewailed by Argive women, v. 227 _n._;
analogy of his rites to Indian and European ceremonies, v. 227;
his death and resurrection interpreted as representations of the decay
and revival of vegetation, v. 227 _sqq._;
interpreted as the sun, v. 228;
interpreted by the ancients as the god of the reaped and sprouting corn,
v. 229;
as a corn-spirit, v. 230 _sqq._;
hunger the root of the worship of, v. 231;
perhaps originally a personification of wild vegetation, especially
grass and trees, v. 233;
the gardens of, v. 236 _sqq._;
rain-charm in the rites of, v. 237;
resemblance of his rites to the festival of Easter, v. 254 _sqq._, 306;
worshipped at Bethlehem, v. 257 _sqq._;
and the planet Venus as the Morning Star, v. 258 _sq._;
sometimes identified with Attis, v. 263;
swine not eaten by worshippers of, v. 265;
rites of, among the Greeks, v. 298;
lamented by women at Byblus, vi. 23;
and Linus, vii. 216, 258;
at Alexandria, vii. 263, ix. 390;
and the boar, viii. 22 _sq._;
his marriage with Ishtar (Aphrodite), ix. 401.
_See also_ Tammuz

Adonis and Aphrodite, v. 11 _sq._, 29, 280, xi. 294 _sq._;
their marriage celebrated at Alexandria, v. 224;
perhaps personated by human couples, ix. 386

—— and Attis identified with Dionysus, vi. 127 _n._

——, Attis, Osiris, their mythical similarity, v. 6, vi. 201

—— and Osiris, similarity between their rites, vi. 127

—— or Tammuz, ii. 346;
the summer lamentations for, iv. 7

—— and Venus (Aphrodite), i. 21, 25, 40, 41

——, the river, its valley, v. 28 _sqq._;
annual discoloration of the, v. 30, 225

Adoption, pretence of birth at, i. 74 _sq._

Adrammelech, burnt sacrifice of children to, iv. 171

Adultery of wife thought to spoil the luck of her absent husband, i. 123,
124 _sq._, 128;
supposed to blight the fruits of the earth, ii. 107 _sq._, 114

Aeacus, the son of Zeus by Aegina, ii. 278, 359 _n._ 1;
king of Aegina, the dispersal of his descendants, ii. 278;
obtains rain from his father Zeus, ii. 359

Aedepsus, hot springs of Hercules at, v. 211 _sq._

Aedesius, Sextilius Agesilaus, dedicates altar to Attis, v. 275 _n._ 1

Aegina, daughter of Asopus and mother of Aeacus, ii. 359 _n._ 8

——, island, Panhellenian Zeus worshipped on the peak of, ii. 359

Aegipan and Hermes, v. 157

Aegira in Achaia, inspired priestess of Earth at, i. 381 _sq._

_Aegis_, Athena and the, viii. 40, 41

Aegisthus, the murder of, i. 12 _n._;
at Mycenae, his marriage with the widow of his predecessor, ii. 281

—— and Agamemnon, ix. 19

Aegosthena, annual kingship at, i. 46

Aelian, on impregnation of Judean maid by serpent, v. 81;
on a Babylonian king Gilgamus, ix. 372 _n._ 1

Aelst, Peter van, painter, xi. 36

_Aenach_, Irish fair, iv. 100 _n._ 1

Aeneas and the Golden Bough, i. 11, ii. 379, xi. 285, 293 _sq._;
his vision of the glories of Rome, ii. 178;
his disappearance in a thunderstorm, ii. 181;
worshipped after death as Jupiter Indiges, ii. 181;
and the Game of Troy, iv. 76

—— and Dido, iii. 312, 313, v. 114 _n._ 1

Aeolus, King of the Winds, i. 326

Aeschines, spurious epistles of, ii. 162 _n._ 2

Aeschylus, on Typhon, v. 156

Aesculapius brings Hippolytus or Virbius to life, i. 20, iv. 214;
horses dedicated by Hippolytus to, i. 21 _n._ 2, viii. 41 _n._ 5;
at Cos, ii. 10;
in relation to serpents, v. 80 _sq._;
reputed father of Aratus, v. 80 _sq._;
his shrines at Sicyon and Titane, v. 81;
his dispute with Hercules, v. 209 _sq._;
said to have raised Hippolytus from the dead, viii. 41 _n._ 5;
at Pergamus, viii. 85;
at Epidaurus, ix. 47

Aeson and Medea, v. 181 _n._ 1, viii. 143

_Aetna_, Latin poem, v. 221 _n._ 4

Aetolians, the, shod only on one foot, iii. 311

Afars. _See_ Danakils

Afghanistan, ceremony at the reception of strangers in, iii. 108

Africa, treatment of the navel-string and afterbirth in, i. 195 _sq._;
rise of magicians, especially rain-makers, to chieftainship and kingship
in, i. 342 _sqq._, 352;
human gods in, i. 392 _sqq._;
belief in, that sexual crimes disturb the course of nature, ii. 111
_sq._;
the diffusion of round huts in, ii. 227 _n._ 3;
corpulence as a beauty in, ii. 297;
rules of life or taboos observed by kings in, iii. 5 _sq._, 8 _sqq._;
detention of souls by sorcerers in, iii. 70 _sq._;
fear of being photographed in, iii. 97 _sq._;
cleanliness from superstitious motives in, iii. 158 _n._ 1;
smith’s craft regarded as uncanny in, iii. 236 _n._ 5;
reluctance of people to tell their own names in, iii. 329 _sq._;
the Bogos of, iii. 337;
names of animals and things tabooed in, iii. 400 _sq._;
belief as to transmigration of the dead into serpents in, iv. 84;
succession to the soul in, iv. 200 _sq._;
serpents as reincarnations of the dead in, v. 82 _sqq._;
infant burial in, v. 91 _sq._;
reincarnation of the dead in, v. 91 _sq._;
annual festivals of the dead in, vi. 66;
worship of dead kings and chiefs in, vi. 160 _sqq._;
supreme gods in, vi. 165, 173 _sq._, 174, 186, with _n._ 5, 187 _n._ 1,
188 _sq._, 190;
worship of ancestral spirits among the Bantu tribes of, vi. 174 _sqq._;
inheritance of the kingship under mother-kin in, vi. 211;
cat’s cradle in, vii. 103 _n._ 1;
woman’s share in agriculture among the tribes of, vii. 113 _sqq._;
observation of the Pleiades by agricultural tribes in, vii. 315 _sqq._;
sacrifice of first-fruits in, viii. 109 _sqq._;
belief as to the homoeopathic magic of a flesh diet in, viii. 140
_sqq._;
crocodiles respected in, viii. 213 _sq._;
sickness transferred to animals in, ix. 31 _sq._;
girls secluded at puberty in, x. 22 _sqq._;
dread and seclusion of women at menstruation in, x. 79 _sqq._;
birth-trees in, xi. 160 _sqq._;
use of bull-roarers in, xi. 229 _n._, 232

Africa, British Central, the tribes of, their custom of carrying about
fire, ii. 259;
the Yaos of, iii. 97 _sq._, viii. 111;
customs observed after a death in, iii. 286;
the Angoni of, iv. 156 _n._ 2, viii. 149;
the Nyanja-speaking tribes of, viii. 26;
crops guarded against baboons and wild pigs in, viii. 32;
flesh and hearts of lions eaten to make eaters brave in, viii. 142;
parts of brave enemies eaten to make the eaters brave in, viii. 149;
the Anyanja of, x. 81

——, British East, the Akikuyu (Kikuyu) of, ii. 44, iii. 175, 214, vii.
317, ix. 32, x. 81, xi. 262 _sq._;
the Nandi of, ii. 112, iii. 141, 175, 423, vii. 117, 317, viii. 64, xi.
229 _n._;
the Ketosh of, iii. 176;
the En-jemusi of, vii. 118;
the Suk of, vii. 118, viii. 84, 142, x. 81;
observation of the Pleiades by tribes in, vii. 317;
the Akamba of, viii. 113, ix. 122 _n._;
ceremony of new fire in, x. 135 _sq._

—— Central, the Banyoro of, i. 348;
the Lendu of, i. 348;
the Basoga of, ii. 19, 112;
the Baganda of, ii. 246, 269, iii. 78, vii. 118;
the pygmies of, ii. 255, iii. 282;
the Monbuttu of, ii. 297, iii. 118, vii. 119;
reception of strangers in, iii. 108;
the Latuka of, iii. 245, 284;
the Madi or Moru tribe of, iii. 277, viii. 314, ix. 217;
the Wahoko of, iii. 278;
the Wanyoro (Banyoro) of, iii. 278;
the Fors of, iii. 281;
Unyoro in, iii. 291 _sq._, iv. 34;
the Akamba of, iii. 353;
the Nandi of, iii. 353;
the Bahima of, iii. 375, viii. 288, ix. 32;
the Niam-Niam of, vii. 119;
the Wanyamwesi of, viii. 227

Africa, East, the Wambugwe of, i. 290, 342, iv. 65;
the Wataturu of, i. 342 _sq._, viii. 84;
the Wanika of, ii. 12, iii. 247;
the Tanga coast of, ii. 34;
the Wakamba of, ii. 46;
the Wabondei of, ii. 47, iii. 272, viii. 142;
the Masai of, ii. 210;
the Winamwanga of, ii. 256 _n._ 1;
the Wiwa of, ii. 256 _n._ 1;
the Jaggas of, ii. 259;
the Bogos of, ii. 267 _n._ 4;
avoidance of parents-in-law in, iii. 85;
the Wa-teita of, iii. 98;
custom of elephant-hunters in, iii. 107;
the Nubas of, iii. 132;
the Bageshu of, iii. 174;
the Akamba of, iii. 204;
the Akikuyu of, iii. 204;
the Warundi of, iii. 225 _n._;
the Wajagga of, iii. 286, 290;
the Barea of, iii. 337;
the Masai of, iii. 354;
the Waziguas of, iii. 400;
infanticide in, iv. 196;
the Danakils or Afars of, iv. 200;
the Arabs of, viii. 164;
propitiation of dead lions in, viii. 228;
ceremony of the new fire in, x. 135;
the Swahili of, xi. 160

——, German East, viii. 142;
the Wagogo of, i. 343, iii. 186 _n._ 1, viii. 26, 149, 276, ix. 6;
the Wahehe of, iii. 86 _n._, viii. 26;
the Wageia of, iii. 177;
continence of hunters in, iii. 196 _sq._;
the Wadowe of, vii. 118;
the Waheia of, viii. 26;
the Wajagga of, viii. 276, xi. 160;
the Washamba of, ix. 29, xi. 183;
the Bondeis of, xi. 263;
the Wadoe of, xi. 312

——, German South-West, the Ovambo of, xi. 183

——, North, magical images in, i. 65 _sq._;
contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210;
the Arabs of, i. 277;
artificial fertilization of fig-trees in, ii. 314;
charms to render bridegrooms impotent in, iii. 300 _sq._;
festivals of swinging in, iv. 284;
custom of bathing at Midsummer among the Mohammedan peoples of, v. 249;
cairns in, ix. 21;
Mohammedan reverence for living saints in, ix. 22;
popular cure for toothache in, ix. 62;
tribes of, their expulsion of demons, ix. 110 _sq._;
Midsummer fires in, x. 213 _sqq._

——, South, use of rat’s hair as a charm in, i. 151;
the Herero of, i. 209;
stopping rain by means of a rabbit in, i. 295;
the Bechuanas of, i. 313;
way of retarding the sun in, i. 318;
the Caffres of, i. 321, iii. 87;
frightening away a storm in, i. 327;
the Chevas of, i. 331 _n._ 2;
the Tumbucas of, i. 331 _n._ 2;
chiefs as rain-makers in, i. 350 _sqq._;
the Mashona of, i. 393;
the Maraves of, ii. 31, ix. 19;
the Ovambo of, ii. 264, iii. 176;
the Ba-Pedi of, iii. 141, 148, 163, 202;
the Ba-Thonga of, iii. 141, 148, 163, 202;
Bantu tribes of, iii. 152, viii. 111, ix. 77 _sq._;
seclusion and purification of manslayers in, iii. 174 _sq._;
disposal of cut hair and nails in, iii. 278;
magic use of spittle in, iii. 288;
the Makalaka of, iii. 369;
belief as to stepping over persons or things among the tribes of, iii.
423;
the Baronga of, iv. 61;
crops devastated by wild pigs in, viii. 32;
the Matabele of, viii. 70;
Caffre remedy for caterpillars in, viii. 280;
heaps of sticks or stones to which passers-by add, in, ix. 11;
dread of demons in, ix. 77 _sq._;
sacrificial fire in, ix. 391 _n._ 4;
the Thonga of, xi. 297

Africa, South-East, the Hlubies and Swazies of, i. 249;
the Baronga of, i. 267;
many tribes of, will not cut down timber while the corn is green, ii.
49;
the Bantu tribes of, ii. 210;
the Barotse of, iii. 107;
custom of infanticide in some tribes of, iv. 183;
flesh of lions and leopards eaten by warriors in, viii. 142;
rites of initiation in, viii. 148;
inoculation of warriors in, viii. 159;
hunters cut out right eye of game in, viii. 268;
prayers at cairns in, ix. 29

——, South-West, the Herero of, i. 211;
the Ovambo of, iii. 227, viii. 109

——, West, rain-making in, i. 249 _sq._;
magical functions of chiefs in, i. 349 _sq._;
the Banjars of, i. 353;
the Yorubas of, i. 364, iv. 41, viii. 98;
reverence for silk-cotton trees in, ii. 14 _sq._;
kings forced to accept office in, iii. 17 _sq._;
fetish kings in, iii. 22 _sqq._;
traps set for souls by wizards in, iii. 70 _sq._;
the Bavili of, iii. 78;
purification after a journey in, iii. 112;
custom as to blood shed on ground in, iii. 245, 246;
hair, nails, and teeth as rain-charms in, iii. 271;
shorn hair burnt or buried for fear of witchcraft in, iii. 281;
the Kru negroes of, iii. 322 _sq._;
Human Leopard Societies of, iv. 83;
human sacrifices at king’s funeral in, iv. 117;
stories of the type of Beauty and the Beast in, iv. 128 _sq._, 130 _n._
1;
sacrificial blood smeared on doorways in, iv. 176 _n._ 1;
sacred men and women in, v. 65 _sqq._;
human sacrifices in, vi. 99 _n._ 2;
human sacrifices for the crops in, vii. 239;
the Kimbunda of, viii. 152;
the Beku of, viii. 163;
propitiation of dead leopards in, viii. 228 _sqq._;
bones of sacrificial victims not broken in, viii. 258 _n._ 2;
belief in demons among the negroes of, ix. 74 _sqq._;
dances at sowing in, ix. 234;
theory of an external soul embodied in an animal prevalent in, xi. 200
_sqq._;
ritual of death and resurrection at initiation in, xi. 251 _sqq._

African stories of the external soul, xi. 148 _sqq._;
Balders, xi. 312 _sqq._

—— hunters, ceremonies of purification observed by, iii. 220 _sq._

—— kings forbidden to see their mothers, iii. 86;
thought to render themselves immortal by their sorceries, iv. 9

—— tribes, household fires extinguished after a death in, ii. 267 _n._ 4;
descent of property and power to sister’s children among, ii. 285;
combination of the elective with the hereditary principle in regulating
the descent of kingships or chiefships among, ii. 292
_sqq._;
believe that their dead kings turn into lions, leopards, pythons, etc.,
iv. 84

Afterbirth (placenta), portion of a man’s spirit supposed to reside in
his, i. 100;
contagious magic of, i. 182-201;
part of child’s spirit in, i. 184;
buried under a tree, i. 186, 187, 188, 194, 195, xi. 160 _sq._, 162,
163, 164, 165;
hung on a tree, i. 186, 187, 189, 190, 191, 194, 198, 199;
thrown into the sea, i. 187, 190;
regarded as brother or sister of child, i. 189, 191, 192, 193, xi. 162
_n._ 2;
seat of external soul, i. 193 _sq._, 200 _sq._;
regarded as a second child, i. 195, xi. 162 _n._ 2;
of cows, treatment of the, i. 198 _sq._;
regarded as a person’s double or twin, vi. 169 _sq._;
of child animated by a ghost and sympathetically connected with a
banana-tree, xi. 162;
and navel-string regarded as guardian angels of the man, xi. 162 _n._ 2;
regarded as a guardian spirit, xi. 223 _n._ 2
_See also_ Afterbirths _and_ Placenta

Afterbirths buried in banana groves, v. 93;
regarded as twins of the children, v. 93;
Shilluk kings interred where their afterbirths are buried, vi. 162

Agamemnon, sceptre of, worshipped as a god, i. 365;
said to have reigned in his wife’s home, Lacedaemon, ii. 279

—— and Aegisthus, ix. 19

Agar Dinka, rain-makers killed among the, iv. 33

Agaric growing on birch-trees, superstitions as to, x. 148

Agariste, daughter of Clisthenes, the wooing of, ii. 307

Agathias, on the identification of Anaitis and Aphrodite, ix. 369 _n._ 1;
on Sandes, ix. 389

Agathocles, his siege of Carthage, iv. 167

Agbasia, West African god, sacred slaves of, v. 79;
prayers to, viii. 59, 60

Agdestis, a man-monster in the myth of Attis, v. 269

Age of Magic, i. 235, 237

Agesipolis, king of Sparta, his conduct in an earthquake, v. 196

Aglu, New Year fires at, x. 217

Agni, Indian god, viii. 120, ix. 410, x. 99 _n._ 2;
the fire-god, ii. 230, 249, xi. 1, 296;
addressed at marriage, ii. 230

_Agnihotris_, Brahman fire-priests, ii. 247 _sqq._

_Agnus castus_ strewed by married women under their beds at the
Thesmophoria, vii. 116 _n._ 2;
used in ceremony of beating, ix. 252, 257

Agome, in Togoland, ceremonies observed by hunters at, viii. 229

Agraulus, daughter of Cecrops, worshipped at Salamis in Cyprus, v. 145,
146

Agricultural peoples worship the moon, vi. 138 _sq._

—— stage of society, the, viii. 35, 37

—— year determined by observation of the Pleiades, vii. 313 _sqq._;
expulsions of demons timed to coincide with seasons of the, ix. 225

Agriculture, religious objections to, v. 88 _sqq._, vii. 93, 108;
in the hands of women in the Pelew Islands, vi. 206 _sq._;
its tendency to produce a conservative character, vi. 217 _sq._;
magical significance of games in primitive, vii. 92 _sqq._;
origin of, vii. 128 _sq._;
woman’s part in primitive, vii. 113 _sqq._

_Agriculture of the Nabataeans_, ii. 100, 346 _n._ 3

Agrigentum, Empedocles at, i. 390;
Phalaris of, iv. 75

Agrionia, a festival at Orchomenus, iv. 163

Agrippa, king of Judea, his mockery at Alexandria, ix. 418

Agrippina, her marriage with Claudius, ii. 129 _n._ 1

Agu, Mount, in Togo, wind-fetish on, i. 327;
fetish priest on, iii. 5

Ague, transferred to trees, ix. 56, 57 _sq._;
Suffolk cure for, ix. 68;
Midsummer bonfires deemed a cure for, x. 162;
leaps across the Midsummer bonfires thought to be a preventive of, x.
174

Agutainos of the Philippines, customs observed by widows among the, iii.
144

Agweh on the Slave Coast, custom at end of mourning at, iii. 286;
custom of widows at, xi. 18 _sq._

Agylla, in Etruria, funeral games at, iv. 95

Ahasuerus, King, ix. 397, 401;
the Hebrew equivalent of Xerxes, ix. 360

Ahaz, King, his sacrifice of his children, iv. 169 _sq._

Ahlen, in Munsterland, the Yule log at, x. 247

Ahne-bergen, near Stade, thresher of last corn called Corn-pug at, vii.
273

Ahriman, the devil of the Persians, x. 95

Ahts or Nootka Indians of Vancouver Island regard the moon as the husband
of the sun, vi. 139 _n._ 1;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 43 _sq._

Ahura Mazda, the supreme being of the Persians, x. 95

Ai San Bushmen, their fire-sticks, ii. 218 _n._ 1

Aijaruc, a Tartar princess, ii. 306

Ain, de l’, French department, leaf-clad mummer on May Day in, ii. 81 _n._
3;
Lenten fires in, x. 114

Aino fishermen, their ways of making rain, i. 288

—— hunters, their custom at killing a fox, viii. 267

—— type of animal sacrament, viii. 312 _sq._

—— women may not mention their husbands’ names, iii. 337

Ainos, their contagious magic of footprints, i. 212;
their rain-making, i. 251, 253;
their fear of whirlwinds, i. 331 _n._ 2;
their ceremony at eating new millet, viii. 52;
their custom as to eating the heads of otters and the hearts of
water-ousels, viii. 144;
their worship of bears, viii. 180 _sqq._;
their worship of eagle-owls, eagles, and hawks, viii. 199 _sq._;
thank the sword-fish which they kill, viii. 251;
their customs in regard to the first fish of the season, viii. 255
_sq._;
their propitiation of mice, viii. 278;
their ambiguous attitude towards the bear, viii. 310 _sq._

—— of Japan, their use of magical images, i. 60;
reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353;
their custom of killing bears ceremonially, viii. 180 _sqq._;
their mourning caps, x. 20;
their use of mugwort in exorcism, xi. 60;
their veneration for mistletoe, xi. 79

—— of Saghalien, pregnant women forbidden to spin among the, i. 114;
their bear-festivals, viii. 188 _sqq._

_Aiora_, festival of swinging, at Athens, i. 46 _n._ 1

Air, prohibition to be uncovered in the open, iii. 3, 14;
thought to be poisoned at eclipses, x. 162 _n._

Airi, a deity of North-West India, his worshippers inspired, v. 170

Airu, Assyrian month corresponding to May, ii. 130

Aïsawa or Isowa, order of saints in Morocco, devour live goats, vii. 21
_sq._

Aisne, Midsummer fires in the department of, x. 187

Ait Sadden, a tribe of Morocco, their tug-of-war, ix. 182

—— Warain, a Berber tribe of Morocco, their tug-of-war, ix. 178 _sq._

—— Yusi, a tribe of Morocco, their tug-of-war, ix. 182

Aitan, a Khasi goddess, ix. 173

Aivilik, the Esquimaux of, i. 121

Aix, squibs at Midsummer at, x. 193;
Midsummer king at, x. 194, xi. 25

Aiyar, N. Subramhanya, on Indian dancing-girls, v. 63 _sqq._

Ajax and Teucer, names of priestly kings of Olba, v. 144 _sq._, 161

Ajumba hunter, his apologies to the hippopotamus which he had killed,
viii. 235

Akamba of British East Africa, believe that every woman has a spiritual
husband who fertilizes her, ii. 317;
continence observed by them on journeys and while the cattle are at
pasture, iii. 204;
their offerings of first-fruits to the spirits of the dead, viii. 113;
riddles asked at circumcision among the, ix. 122 _n._;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 23

—— of Central Africa, reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353

Akawés, a tribe of Garos, their harvest festival, viii. 337

Akhetaton (Tell-el-Amarna), the capital of Amenophis IV., vi. 123 _n._ 1

Akikuyu, the, of British East Africa, ceremony of the new birth among the,
i. 75 _sq._, 96 _sq._, xi. 262 _sq._;
worship fig-trees, ii. 44 _sq._;
worship a snake, and marry girls to the snake-god, ii. 150, v. 67 _sq._;
believe that barren women can be fertilized by the wild fig-tree, ii.
316;
purification of manslayers among the, iii. 175 _sq._;
continence observed by them on journeys and while the cattle are at
pasture, iii. 204;
auricular confession among the, iii. 214;
use of scapegoats among the, iii. 214 _sq._;
their women purified after a miscarriage in childbirth, iii. 286;
their treatment of premature and unusual births, iii. 286, 287 _n._ 6;
their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, v. 82, 85;
transfer guilt to a goat, ix. 32;
their dread of menstruous women, x. 81.
_See also_ Kikuyu

Akurwa, a village of the Shilluk, iv. 19, 23, 24

Alabama, harvest festival of the Indians of, viii. 72 _n._ 3

Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp, Roman version of, xi. 105

Alafin of Oyo, paramount king of Yoruba land, iv. 203

Alake, the, of Abeokuta, custom of cutting off the head of his corpse, iv.
203

Alaska, the Esquimaux of, i. 121, 328, iii. 145, vi. 51, ix. 124, xi. 155;
the Aleuts of, iii. 207;
the Kaniagmuts of, iii. 207;
the Koniags of, i. 121, vi. 106;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the Indians of, x. 45 _sq._

Alaskan hunters, their respect for dead sables and beavers, viii. 238

—— islanders mistook the Russians for cuttle-fish, viii. 206

Alastir and the Bare-Stripping Hangman, Argyleshire story of, xi. 129
_sq._

Alba, Vestal fire and Vestal virgins at, i. 13

—— Longa, the kings of, ii. 178 _sqq._, 268 _sq._;
perhaps mimicked Latian Jupiter, ii. 187

Alban dynasty descended from a Vestal, ii. 197

—— Hills, i. 2, ii. 178

—— kings, iv. 76

—— Lake, i. 2;
tradition of a submerged city in the, ii. 180, 181 _n._

—— League, religious centre of the, ii. 187

—— Mountain, the, ii. 187 _sq._, 202, 387

Albania, bloodstones in, i. 165;
milk-stones in, i. 165;
fear of portraiture in, iii. 100;
expulsion of Kore on Easter Eve in, iv. 265, ix. 157;
marriage custom in, vi. 246;
mock lamentations for locusts and beetles in, viii. 279;
Midsummer fires in, x. 212;
the Yule log in, x. 264

Albanian custom of beating men and beasts in March, ix. 266

—— story of the external soul, xi. 104 _n._ 3

Albanians of the Caucasus, did not mention the names of the dead, iii.
349;
their worship of the moon, v. 73;
their use of human scapegoats, ix. 218

Albano, ancient necropolis near, ii. 201

Albert, Lake, Lendu tribe of, i. 348

—— Nyanza, Lake, the Wahuma of the, i. 250;
crocodiles in the, viii. 213;
the Wakondyo of the, xi. 162 _sq._

Alberti, L., on Caffre purification of lion-killer, iii. 220

Albigenses worshipped each other, i. 407

Albino sacrificed to river, ii. 158;
head of secret society on the Lower Congo, xi. 251

Albinoes the offspring of the moon, v. 91

Albirûni, Arab geographer, on the Persian festival of the dead, vi. 68;
on the burning of effigies of Haman at Purim, ix. 393

Alchemy leads up to chemistry, i. 374

_Alcheringa_, remote legendary time of the Arunta, i. 88, 98, 102

Alcibiades of Apamea, his vision of the Holy Ghost, iv. 5 _n._ 3

Alcidamus wins Barce in a foot-race, ii. 300 _sq._

Alcman on dew, vi. 137

Alcmena, her long travail with Hercules, iii. 298 _sq._

Alcyonian Lake, Dionysus at the, vii. 15

Alder branches, sacrificial, viii. 232

Alders free from mistletoe, xi. 315

Alectrona, daughter of the Sun, taboos observed at her sanctuary in
Rhodes, viii. 45

Alençon, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337 _n._ 1

Aleutian Islands, Atkhans of the, ix. 3;
cairns in the, ix. 16

—— hunter injured by unchastity of absent wife or sister, i. 123

Aleutians, effeminate sorcerers among the, vi. 254

Aleuts of Alaska, seclusion of successful whaler among the, iii. 207

Alexander the Great, his fiery cresset, ii. 264;
cuts the Gordian knot, iii. 316;
funeral games in his honour, iv. 95;
expels a king of Paphos, v. 42;
his fabulous birth, v. 81;
assumes costumes of deities, v. 165;
sacrifices to Megarsian Athena, v. 169 _n._ 3

Alexander Severus, at festival of Attis, v. 273

Alexandria, festival of Adonis at, v. 224, ix. 390;
the Serapeum at, vi. 119 _n._, 217;
mockery of King Agrippa at, ix. 418

Alexandrian calendar, used by Plutarch, vi. 84;
used by Theophanes, ix. 395 _n._ 1

—— year, the fixed, vi. 28, 92;
Plutarch’s use of the, vi. 49

Alfai, title of rain-making priest among the Barea and Kunama, ii. 3

Alfoors of Buru, names of relations tabooed among the, iii. 341

—— or Toradjas of Central Celebes, their custom at child-birth, iii. 33;
taboos observed by their priest, iii. 129;
priest with unshorn hair among the, iii. 260;
riddles among the, ix. 122 _n._;
their custom at the smelting of iron, xi. 154;
their doctrine of the plurality of souls, xi. 222.
_See also_ Toradjas

—— of Ceram, their high-priest regarded as a demigod, i. 400

Alfoors of Halmahera, name of wife’s father tabooed among the, iii. 341;
their expulsion of the devil, ix. 112

—— of Minahassa, inspired priest among the, i. 382 _sq._;
ceremony at house-warming among the, iii. 63 _sq._;
names of relations tabooed among the, iii. 340 _sq._;
their custom as to the first rice sowed and reaped, viii. 54;
attempt to deceive demons of sickness, viii. 100

—— of Poso, in Central Celebes, their belief as to demons of trees, ii.
35;
abduction of souls by demons among the, iii. 62 _sq._;
will not pronounce their own names, iii. 332;
names of relations tabooed among the, iii. 340

Algeds, rain-maker among the, ii. 3

Algeria, rain-making in, i. 250;
the Aisawa sect in, vii. 22 _n._ 1;
fever transferred to tortoise in, ix. 31;
popular cure by knocking nails in, ix. 60;
Midsummer fires in, x. 213

——, the Arabs of, avoid using the proper name for lion, iii. 400;
tale of, iv. 130 _n._ 1

Algidus, Mount, its oak forests, ii. 187, 380;
a haunt of Diana, ii. 380

Algiers, the Moors of, light no fires after a death, ii. 268 _n._

Algonquin Indians caught souls in nets, iii. 69 _sq._

Algonquins or Algonkins, the, their treatment of the navel-string, i. 197;
marry their fishing-nets to girls, ii. 147 _sq._;
their women seek to be impregnated by the souls of the dying, iv. 199

Alice Springs in Central Australia, i. 259, xi. 238;
magical stones at, i. 162

Aline, Loch, fishing magic on, i. 110

All-healer, name applied to mistletoe, xi. 77, 79, 82

All Saints, Feast of, perhaps substituted for an old pagan festival of the
dead, vi. 82 _sq._

All Saints’ Day, November 1st, old Celtic New Year’s Day, x. 225;
omens on, x. 240;
bonfires on, x. 246;
sheep passed through a hoop on, xi. 184

All Souls, Festival of, iv. 98, vi. 51 _sqq._, vii. 30, x. 223 _sq._, 225
_n._ 2;
originally a pagan festival of the dead, vi. 81;
instituted by Odilo, abbot of Clugny, vi. 82

All Souls’ College, Oxford, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

_Allallu_ bird beloved by Ishtar, ix. 371

Allan, John Hay, on the Hays of Errol, xi. 283

Allandur temple, at St. Thomas’s Mount, Madras, fire-festival at, xi. 8
_n._ 1

Allatu, Babylonian goddess, v. 9

Allerton, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 338

Allhallow Even, the thirty-first of October, Lords of Misrule on, ix. 332

All-Hallows (All Saints’ Day), iii. 11, 12

Allifae in Samnium, baths of Hercules at, v. 213 _n._ 2

Alligator pears, Peruvian ceremony to make them ripen, ii. 98

Alligators, souls of dead in, viii. 297

Allumba, in Central Australia, magic tree at, i. 145 _sq._

Almagest, the, vii. 259 _n._ 1

Almo, procession to the river, in the rites of Attis, v. 273

Almond causes virgin to conceive, v. 263;
the father of all things, v. 263 _sq._

—— -trees, mistletoe on, xi. 316

Almora, in Kumaon, ix. 197

A-Louyi, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 28 _n._ 5

Alpach, valley in Tyrol, the Wheat-bride or Rye-bride at harvest in, vii.
163

Alpheus, the sacred, ii. 8

Alqamar, tribe of nomads in Hadramaut, their way of stopping rain, i. 252

Alsace, May-trees in, ii. 64;
the Little May Rose in, ii. 74;
stuffed goat or fox at threshing in, vii. 287, 297;
Midsummer fires in, x. 169;
cats burnt in Easter bonfires in, xi. 40

Alt Lest, in Silesia, the binder of the last sheaf called the Beggar-man
at, vii. 231

—— -Pillau, in Samland, harvest custom at, vii. 139

Altars, bloodless, ix. 307

Altdorf and Weingarten, in Swabia, the Carnival Fool on Ash Wednesday at,
iv. 232

Althenneberg, in Bavaria, Easter fires at, x. 143 _sq._

Altisheim, in Swabia, the last sheaf called the Old Woman at, vii. 136

Altmark, custom with birch branches at Whitsuntide in the, ii. 64;
the May Bride at Whitsuntide in the, ii. 95;
the He-goat at reaping in the, vii. 287;
Easter bonfires in the, x. 140, 142

Alum burnt at Midsummer, x. 214

Alungu, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 24 _sq._

Alur, a tribe of the Upper Nile, bury their cut hair and nails, iii. 277
_sq._;
their fear of crocodiles, viii. 214;
their treatment of insanity, x. 64

Alus, sanctuary of Laphystian Zeus at, iv. 161, 164;
custom of sacrificing princes at, vii. 25

Alvarado, Pedro de, Spanish general, kills a _nagual_, xi. 214

Alyattes, king of Lydia, v. 133 _n._ 1

Alynomus, king of Paphos, v. 43 _n._ 1

_Amadhlozi_, Zulu ancestral spirits in serpent form, xi. 211 _n._ 2

Ama-terasu, Japanese goddess of the Sun, vii. 212

Amambwe, a Bantu tribe of Northern Rhodesia, believe that their head chief
at death turns into a lion, vi. 193, viii. 287;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 24 _sq._

Amapondo country, cairn to which passers-by added stones in the, ix. 30
_n._ 2

Amasis, king of Egypt, substitutes images for human victims, iv. 217;
his body burnt by Cambyses, v. 176 _n._ 2

_Amata_, “Beloved,” title of Vestals, ii. 197

Amata, wife of King Latinus, ii. 197

Amathus, in Cyprus, Adonis and Melcarth at, v. 32, 117;
statue of lion-slaying god found at, v. 117

_Amatongo_, ancestral spirits (Zulu term), v. 74 _n._ 4, vi. 184, xi. 212
_n._

Amaxosa Caffres propitiate the elephants which they kill, viii. 227

Amazon, Indians at the mouth of the, ix. 264;
ordeals of young men among the Indians of the, x. 62 _sq._

Amazons set up a statue of Artemis under an oak, i. 38 _n._ 1

—— of Dahomey ate the hearts of brave foes to make themselves brave, viii.
149

Amazulu, their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 316

Ambabai, an Indian goddess, v. 243

Ambala District, Punjaub, rebirth of children in the, v. 94

Ambamba, in West Africa, death, resurrection, and new birth in, xi. 256

Ambarvalia, cattle crowned at the, ii. 127 _n._ 2;
an agricultural festival of ancient Italy, ix. 359

Amboin, in Angola, new fire at, ii. 262

Amboyna, custom as to children’s cast teeth in, i. 179;
rice in bloom treated like a pregnant woman in, ii. 28;
ceremony to fertilize clove-trees in, ii. 100;
recovery of lost souls in, iii. 66 _sq._;
abduction of souls by doctors in, iii. 73;
fear to lose the shadow at noon in, iii. 87;
sick people sprinkled with pungent spices in, iii. 105;
new fruits offered to the gods in, viii. 123;
belief in spirits in, ix. 85;
disease-transference in, ix. 187;
hair of criminals cut in, xi. 158

Ambras, Midsummer customs at, x. 173

Amedzowe, the spirit land, viii. 105

Amei Awa, a Kayan god, vii. 93

Amélineau, E., discovers the tomb of Egyptian King Khent, vi. 21 _n._ 1

Amelioration in the character of the gods, iv. 136

Amenophis III., king of Egypt, birth of, ii. 131 _sqq._;
his birth represented on the monuments, iii. 28

Amenophis IV., king of Egypt, his attempt to abolish all gods but the
sun-god, vi. 123 _sqq._

Ameretât, a Persian archangel, ix. 373 _n._ 1

America, treatment of the navel-string and afterbirth in, i. 195 _sqq._;
the breach of England with, i. 216;
association of the frog with rain in, i. 292 _n._ 3;
reincarnation of the dead in, v. 91;
the moon worshipped by the agricultural Indians of tropical, vi. 138;
cat’s cradle in, vii. 103 _n._ 1;
the Corn-mother in, vii. 171 _sqq._

——, Central, the Pipiles of, ii. 98;
the Indians of, practise continence for the sake of the crops, ii. 105;
the Quiches of, viii. 134;
the Mosquito Indians of, viii. 258 _n._ 2;
the Mosquito territory in, x. 86

——, North, the Natchez of, i. 249;
the Omahas of, i. 249;
power of medicine-men in, i. 356 _sqq._;
the Hidatsa Indians of, ii. 12;
Indians of, their dread and avoidance of menstruous women, iii. 145
_sq._, x. 87 _sqq._;
Indians of, will not eat blood, iii. 240;
sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15;
Indians of, not allowed to sit on bare ground in war, x. 5;
Indians of, seclusion of girls at puberty among, x. 41 _sqq._;
Indians of, stories of the external soul among, xi. 151 _sq._;
Indians of, religious associations among, xi. 267 _sqq._
_See also_ North American Indians

——, North-West, contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210;
the Chilcotin Indians of, i. 312;
the Loucheux of, i. 356;
artificial elongation of the head among the Indian tribes of, ii. 298;
the Carrier Indians of, iv. 199;
the Salish Indians of, viii. 80;
the Tinneh Indians of, viii. 80;
Indian tribes of, their masked dances, ix. 375 _sqq._;
Secret Societies among the Indians of, ix. 377 _sqq._

——, South, the Guarani of, i. 145;
the Payaguas of, i. 330;
power of medicine-men in, i. 358 _sqq._;
the Itonamas of, iii. 31;
custom of swallowing ashes of dead kinsfolk in, viii. 156 _sq._;
the Palenques of, viii. 221;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the Indians of, x. 56 _sqq._;
effigies of Judas burnt at Easter in, x. 128;
Midsummer fires in, x. 212 _sq._
_See also_ South America

American Indians, power of medicine-men among the, i. 355 _sqq._;
drive away the ghosts of the slain, iii. 170 _sq._;
confession of sins among the, iii. 215 _sq._, 216 _n._ 2;
personal names kept secret among the, iii. 324 _sqq._, 327 _sq._;
their fear of naming the dead, iii. 351 _sqq._;
relations of the dead change their names among the, iii. 357;
changes in their languages caused by fear of naming the dead, iii. 360
_sq._;
their Great Spirit, iv. 3;
women’s agricultural work among the, vii. 120 _sqq._;
their personification of maize, vii. 171 _sqq._;
do not sharply distinguish between animals and men, viii. 204 _sqq._;
their ceremonies at hunting bears, viii. 224 _sqq._;
treat elans, deer, and elks with ceremonious respect, viii. 240;
cut out the sinew of the thigh of deer which they kill, viii. 264.
_See also_ North American Indians _and_ South American Indians

American prairies, skulls of buffaloes awaiting resurrection on, viii. 256

Amestris, wife of Xerxes, her sacrifice of children, vi. 220 _sq._

Amethysts thought to keep their wearers sober, i. 165;
in rain-charms, i. 345

Amiens, “killing the Cat” at harvest near, vii. 281

Amisus, in Pontus, ix. 421 _n._ 1

Ammerland, in Oldenburg, cart-wheel used as charm against witchcraft in,
x. 345 _n._ 3

Ammon, the god, married to the queen of Egypt, ii. 130 _sqq._;
human wives of, ii. 130 _sqq._, v. 72;
regarded as the father of Egyptian gods, ii. 131;
costume of, ii. 133;
king of Egypt masqueraded as, ii. 133;
high priests of, their usurpation of regal power, ii. 134;
identified with the sun, vi. 123;
rage of King Amenophis IV. against, vi. 124;
at Thebes in Egypt, ram annually sacrificed to, viii. 41, 172;
the Theban, represented with the body of a man and the head of a ram,
viii. 172 _sq._

—— -Ra, king of the gods, ii. 132

Ammon (country), Hanun, king of, iii. 273;
conquered by King David, iii. 273

——, Milcom, the god of, v. 19

Ammonite, fossil, regarded as an embodiment of Vishnu, ii. 26, 27 _n._ 2

Amoor River, the Manegres of the, iii. 323;
the Gilyaks of the, v. 278 _n._ 2, viii. 103, 267, ix. 101;
the Goldi of the, viii. 103;
bears in the valley of the, viii. 191;
the Orotchis of the, viii. 197

Amorgos, the month of Cronion in, ix. 351 _n._ 2

Amorites, their law as to fornication, v. 37 _sq._

Amoy, fear of tree-spirits in, ii. 14;
spirits who draw away the souls of children at, iii. 59;
euphemism for fever among the Chinese of, iii. 400;
puppets as substitutes among the Chinese of, viii. 104

Ampasimene, in Madagascar, viii. 40 _n._

Amphictyon, king of Athens, married the daughter of his predecessor, ii.
277

Amphipolis, death of Brasidas at, iv. 94

Amphitryo besieges Taphos, xi. 103

Amsanctus, the valley of, v. 204 _sq._

Amshaspands, Persian archangels, ix. 373 _n._ 1

Amsterdam, “dew-treading” at Whitsuntide at, ii. 104 _n._ 2

Amulets, hair and teeth of sacred kings preserved as, ii. 6;
knots used as, iii. 306 _sqq._;
rings and bracelets as, iii. 314 _sqq._, x. 92;
crowns and wreaths as, vi. 242 _sq._;
against demons, ix. 95;
as soul-boxes, xi. 155;
degenerate into ornaments, xi. 156 _n._ 2.
_See also_ Talismans

Amulius Silvius, his rivalry with Jupiter, ii. 180

Amyclae, ancient capital of Lacedaemon, Agamemnon buried at, ii. 279;
in the vale of Sparta, v. 313;
tomb of Hyacinth at, v. 314;
festival of Hyacinthia at, v. 315

Amyclas, father of Hyacinth, v. 313

Anabis, in Egypt, human god at, i. 390

Anacan, a month of the Gallic calendar, ix. 343

Anacreon, on Cinyras, v. 55

Anacyndaraxes, father of Sardanapalus, v. 172

Anadates, at Zela, ix. 373 _n._ 1

Anaitis, Persian goddess, afterwards equivalent to Ishtar, i. 16 _sq._,
ix. 369, 389;
identified with Artemis, i. 37 _n._ 2;
served by prostitutes at Acilisena, in Armenia, ii. 282 _n._ 3, v. 38,
ix. 369 _n._ 1;
her sanctuary at Zela, ix. 370, 421 _n._ 1;
associated with the Sacaea, ix. 355, 368, 369, 402 _n._ 1;
identified with Aphrodite, ix. 369 _n._ 1, 389

Anammelech, burnt sacrifice of children to, iv. 171

Anansa, tutelary god of Old Calabar, ii. 42

_Anassa_, “Queen,” title of goddess, v. 35 _n._ 2

_Anatomie of Abuses_, ii. 66

Anazarba or Anazarbus, in Cilicia, the olives of, ii. 107;
Zeus at, v. 167 _n._ 1

Ancestor, wooden image of, xi. 155

—— -worship among the Bantu peoples, ii. 221, vi. 176 _sqq._;
in relation to fire-worship, ii. 221;
among the Khasis of Assam, vi. 203;
combined with mother-kin tends to a predominance of goddesses over gods
in religion, vi. 211 _sq._;
in Fiji, xi. 243 _sq._

Ancestors, prayers to, i. 285, 286, 287, 345, 352, vii. 105;
skulls of, in rain-charm, i. 285;
sacrifices to, i. 290 _sq._, 339;
souls of, in trees, ii. 29, 30, 31, 32, 317;
represented by sacred fire-sticks, ii. 214, 216, 222 _sqq._;
dead, regarded as mischievous beings, ii. 221;
souls of, in the fire on the hearth, ii. 232;
propitiation of, by rubbing their skulls, iii. 197;
names of, bestowed on their reincarnations, iii. 368 _sq._;
reborn in their descendants, iii. 368 _sq._;
propitiation of deceased, v. 46;
images of, viii. 53;
offerings of first-fruits to spirits of, viii. 111, 112, 113, 116, 117,
119, 121, 123, 124, 125;
worshipped as guardian spirits, viii. 121, 123;
spirits of, take up their abode in their skulls or in images, viii. 123;
images of, viii. 124;
dead, worshipped as gods, viii. 125;
fear of the spirits of, ix. 76 _sq._

Ancestral Contest at the _Haloa_, vii. 61;
at the Eleusinian Games, vii. 71, 74, 77;
at the Festival of the Threshing-floor, vii. 75

—— skulls used in magic, i. 163

—— spirits worshipped at the hearth, ii. 216 _sq._, 221 _sq._;
cause sickness, iii. 53;
sacrifices to, iii. 104, vi. 175, 178 _sq._, 180, 181 _sq._, 183 _sq._,
190;
on shoulders of medicine-men, v. 74 _n._ 4;
incarnate in serpents, v. 82 _sqq._, xi. 211;
in the form of animals, v. 83;
worshipped by the Bantu tribes of Africa, vi. 174 _sqq._;
prayers to, vi. 175 _sq._, 178 _sq._, 183 _sq._;
on the father’s and on the mother’s side, the two distinguished, vi.
180, 181;
propitiation of, ix. 86.
_See also_ Ancestors _and_ Dead

—— tree, fire kindled from, ii. 221, 223 _sq._

Anchiale in Cilicia, v. 144;
monument of Sardanapalus at, v. 172

Ancient deities of vegetation as animals, viii. 1 _sqq._

Ancona, sarcophagus of St. Dasius at, ii. 310 _n._ 1, ix. 310

Ancus Martius, Roman king, said to have murdered his predecessor, ii. 181
_n._ 5;
his maternal descent, ii. 270 _n._ 4;
his death, ii. 320

Andalusia, guisers in, ix. 173

Andaman Islanders, said to be ignorant of the art of making fire, ii. 253;
perhaps first got fire from volcano, ii. 256 _n._ 2;
regard their reflections as their souls, iii. 92;
their ideas as to shooting stars, iv. 60;
boar’s fat poured on novice at initiation among the, viii. 164

Andaman Islands, mourning custom in the, iii. 183 _n._;
cat’s cradle in the, vii. 103 _n._ 1

Andania in Messenia, grove of the Great Goddesses at, ii. 122;
mysteries of, iii. 227 _n._;
sacred men and women at, v. 76 _n._ 3

Anderida, forest of, ii. 7

Anderson, J. D., on the winds of Assam, ix. 176 _n._ 3

Anderson, Miss, of Barskimming, ix. 169 _n._ 2, x. 171 _n._ 3

Andes, the Colombian, i. 416

——, the Peruvian, net to catch the sun in, i. 316;
the Indians of, their thunder-god, ii. 370;
Indians of, their fear of the sea, iii. 10;
cairns in, to which passing Indians add stones, ix. 9, 10;
effigies of Judas burnt at Easter in, x. 128

Andjra, a district of Morocco, magical virtue of rain-water in, x. 17;
Midsummer fires in, x. 213 _sq._;
Midsummer rites of water in, x. 216;
animals bathed at Midsummer in, xi. 31

Andreas, parish of, in the Isle of Man, x. 224, 305, 307 _n._ 1

Andree, Dr. Richard, ix. 246 _n._ 1;
on the Pleiades in primitive calendars, vii. 307

—— -Eysn, Mrs., on the processions and masquerades of the _Perchten_, ix.
245 _sq._, 249

Andriamasinavalona, a Hova king, vicarious sacrifice for, vi. 221

Andromeda and Perseus, ii. 163

Anemone, the scarlet, sprung from the blood of Adonis, v. 226

Ang Teng, in Burma, sacred fish at, viii. 291

_Angakok_, Esquimaux wizard or sorcerer, iii. 211, 212

Angamis (Angami), a Naga tribe of Assam, death custom among the, iv. 13;
their human sacrifices, vii. 244;
spare butterflies, viii. 291

Angass, the, of Manipur, their rain-making, i. 252;
a tribe of the Brahmapootra, their custom of stabbing those who die a
natural death, iv. 13;
believe that the souls of the dead are in butterflies, viii. 291

——, the, of Northern Nigeria, their belief in external human souls lodged
in animals, xi. 210

Angel, need-fire revealed by an, x. 287

—— dance, the, viii. 328

—— of Death, iv. 177 _sq._

Angel, the Destroying, over Jerusalem, v. 24

—— -man, effigy of, burnt at Midsummer, x. 167

Angelus bell, the, x. 110, xi. 47

Angla, on the Slave Coast, prohibition to ride on horseback in, viii. 45

Angola, the Matiamvo of, iv. 35

——, the Ovakumbi of, i. 318 _n._ 6;
the Mucelis of, ii. 262;
the Bangalas of, ii. 293;
Humbe in, iii. 6;
the negroes of, speak respectfully of lions, iii. 400;
Cassange in, iv. 56, 203

Angoni, the, of British Central Africa, their way of stopping rain, i.
263;
their sacrifices for rain and fine weather, i. 291;
drive away the ghosts of the slain, iii. 174;
purification of manslayers among the, iii. 176;
custom observed by manslayers among the, iii. 186 _n._ 1;
ceremony of standing on one leg among the, iv. 156 _n._ 2;
sham burial to deceive demons among the, viii. 99;
eat parts of enemies to acquire their qualities, viii. 149

Angoniland, British Central Africa, rain-making in, i. 250;
the Nyanja-speaking tribes of, viii. 26;
customs as to girls at puberty in, x. 25 _sq._;
customs as to salt in, x. 27

Angoulême, poplar burned on St. Peter’s day in, ii. 141

Angoy, the king of, must have no bodily defect, iv. 39

Angus, belief as to the weaning of children in, vi. 148;
superstitious remedy for the “quarter-ill” in, x. 296 _n._ 1

Anhalt, custom at sowing in, i. 139, v. 239;
harvest customs in, vii. 226, 233, 279;
Easter bonfires in, x. 140

Anhouri, Egyptian god, the mummy of, iv. 4 _sq._

Animal, corn-spirit as an, vii. 270 _sqq._;
killing the divine, viii. 169 _sqq._;
worshipful, killed once a year and promenaded from door to door, viii.
322;
bewitched, or part of it, burnt to compel the witch to appear, x. 303,
305, 307 _sq._, 321 _sq._;
sickness transferred to, xi. 181;
and man, sympathetic relation between, xi. 272 _sq._

—— embodiments of the corn-spirit, on the, vii. 303 _sqq._

—— enemy of god originally identical with god, vii. 23, viii. 16 _sq._, 31

—— familiars of wizards and witches, xi. 196 _sq._, 201 _sq._

—— form, god killed in, vii. 22 _sq._

—— food, supposed acquisition of virtues or vices through, viii. 139

—— god, two types of the custom of killing the, viii. 312 _sq._

Animal masks worn by Egyptian kings and others, ii. 133, iv. 72, vii. 260
_sq._;
worn by mummers at Carnival, viii. 333

—— sacrament, types of, viii. 310 _sqq._

Animals, homoeopathic magic of, i. 150 _sqq._;
association of ideas common to the, i. 234;
rain-making by means of, i. 287 _sqq._;
spirits of plants in shape of, ii. 14;
injured through their shadows, iii. 81 _sq._;
propitiation of spirits of slain, iii. 190, 204 _sq._;
atonement for slain, iii. 207;
blood of, not allowed to fall on ground, iii. 247;
dangerous, not called by their proper names, iii. 396 _sqq._;
thought to understand human speech, iii. 398 _sq._, 400;
sacred to kings, iv. 82, 84 _sqq._;
transformations into, iv. 82 _sqq._, xi. 207;
sacrificed by being hanged, v. 289 _sq._, 292;
and plants, edible, savage lamentations for, vi. 43 _sq._;
dead kings and chiefs incarnate in, vi. 162, 163 _sq._, 173, 193;
sacrificed to prolong the life of kings, vi. 222;
torn to pieces and devoured raw in religious rites, vii. 17, 18, 19, 20
_sqq._;
regarded as unclean were originally sacred, viii. 24;
belief in the descent of men from, viii. 25;
spirits of ancestors in, viii. 123;
language of, acquired by eating serpent’s flesh, viii. 146;
resurrection of viii. 200 _sq._, 256 _sqq._;
and men, savages fail to distinguish accurately between, viii. 204
_sqq._;
wild, propitiation of, by hunters, viii. 204 _sqq._;
apologies offered by savages to animals for killing them, viii. 221
_sqq._;
bones of, not to be broken, viii. 258 _sq._;
bones of, not allowed to be gnawed by dogs, viii. 259;
savage faith in the immortality of, viii. 260 _sqq._;
transmigration of human souls into, viii. 285 _sqq._;
two forms of the worship of, viii. 311;
processions with sacred, viii. 316 _sqq._;
transference of evil to, ix. 31 _sqq._, 49 _sqq._;
as scapegoats, ix. 31 _sqq._, 190 _sqq._, 208 _sqq._, 216 _sq._;
guardian spirits of, ix. 98;
prayed to, ix. 236;
dances taught by, ix. 237;
imitated in dances, ix. 376, 377, 381, 382;
burnt alive as a sacrifice in England, Wales, and Scotland, x. 300
_sqq._;
witches transformed into, x. 315 _sqq._, xi. 311 _sq._;
bewitched, buried alive, x. 324 _sqq._;
live, burnt at Spring and Midsummer festivals, xi. 38 _sqq._;
the animals perhaps deemed embodiments of witches, xi. 41 _sq._, 43
_sq._;
the language of, learned by means of fern-seed, xi. 66 _n._;
external soul in, xi. 196 _sqq._;
helpful, in fairy tales.
_See_ Helpful

Animism, the Buddhist, not a philosophical theory, ii. 13 _sq._;
passing into polytheism, ii. 45;
passing into religion, iii. 213

_Aninga_, aquatic plant in Brazil, ix. 264

_Anitos_, spirits of ancestors, in Luzon, ii. 30, viii. 124

Anjea, mythical being, who causes conception in women, i. 100, 184, v. 103

_Ankenmilch bohren_, to make the need-fire, x. 270 _n._

Anklets, as amulets, iii. 315;
made of human sinews, worn by king of Uganda, vi. 224 _sq._

Ankole, in Central Africa, the Bahima of, vi. 190, viii. 288, x. 80

Anna, sister of Dido, v. 114 _n._ 1

Anna Kuari, an Oraon goddess, human sacrifices to, vii. 244

Annals of Tigernach and Ulster, ii. 286

Annam, rain-making ceremonies in caves of, i. 301 _sq._;
the Chams of, ii. 159;
dangers apprehended from women in childbed in, iii. 155;
ceremonies observed when a whale is washed ashore in, iii. 223;
wild beasts spoken of respectfully in, iii. 403;
natives of, their indifference to death, iv. 136 _sq._;
offerings to the dead in spring in, v. 235 _n._ 1;
annual festivals of the dead in, vi. 62 _sqq._;
inauguration of spring by means of an effigy of an ox in, viii. 13
_sq._;
mountaineers of, sacrifice to their nets, viii. 240 _n._ 1;
demons of sickness transferred to fowls in, ix. 33;
demon of cholera sent away on a raft from, ix. 190;
explanation of human mortality in, ix. 303;
dread of menstruous women in, x. 85;
use of wormwood to avert demons in, xi. 61 _n._ 1

Annamite tale of a bleeding tree, ii. 33

Annamites, their belief as to demons, iii. 58;
their way of protecting infants from demons, iii. 235

Annandale, Nelson, as to H. Vaughan Stevens, ii. 237 _n._

Anne, Queen, touches for scrofula, i. 370

Anno, in West Africa, use of magical dolls at, i. 71

Annual abdication of kings, iv. 148

—— death and resurrection of gods, v. 6

—— renewal of king’s power at Babylon, iv. 113

—— sacrifice of a sacred animal, viii. 31

—— tenure of the kingship, iv. 113 _sqq._

Anodynes based on the principle of sympathetic magic, i. 93 _sq._

Anointed, human scapegoat, ix. 218

Anointing a stone in a rain-charm, i. 305

—— stones in order to avert bullets from absent warriors, i. 130

Anointment, of weapon which caused wound, i. 202 _sqq._;
of priests at installation, iii. 14;
as a ceremony of consecration, v. 21 _n._ 2 and 3, 68, 74;
of sacred stones, custom of, v. 36;
of the body as a means of acquiring certain qualities, viii. 162 _sqq._

Anpu and Bata, ancient Egyptian story of, xi. 134 _sqq._

Ant-hill, insane people buried in an, x. 64

Antaeus, grave of the giant, i. 286

——, king of Libya, and his daughter Barce, ii. 300 _sq._

Antagonism of religion to magic, i. 226

Antaimorona, the, of Madagascar, their chiefs held responsible for failure
of the crops, i. 354

Antambahoaka, the, of Madagascar, confession of sins among the, iii. 216
_sq._

Antandroy, the, of Madagascar, their custom at circumcision, iii. 227

Antankarana tribe of Madagascar believe that their souls at death pass
into animals, viii. 290

Antelope (_Antilope leucoryx_), ceremony after killing a, viii. 244

Antelopes, soul of a dead king incarnate in, vi. 163

_Anthemis nobilis_, camomile, gathered at Midsummer, xi. 63

Anthesteria, dramatic death and resurrection of Dionysus perhaps acted at
the, iv. 32;
festival of the dead at Athens, v. 234 _sq._, ix. 152 _sq._;
an Athenian festival of Dionysus, compared with a modern Thracian
celebration of the Carnival, vii. 30 _sqq._