Chapter XX: Part 20

Goodrich-Freer, A., on Beltane bannocks and fires in the Hebrides, x. 154
_n._ 3

Googe, Barnabe, his translation of a Latin poem by Thomas Kirchmeyer, x.
124

Goomsur, Earth Goddess represented in peacock form in, vii. 248 _n._ 1

Goorkhas, the, of Nepaul, their festival of Dassera, iii. 316

Goose, eaten by Egyptian kings, iii. 13, 291.
_See also_ Geese

“——, to lose the,” expression for overthrowing a load at harvest, vii. 277
_n._ 3

Gooseberry-bushes, a protection against witches, ii. 55;
wild, custom as to, xi. 48

Goowoong Awoo, volcano, children sacrificed to, v. 219

Gordian knot, iii. 316 _sq._

Gordias and Midas, names of Phrygian kings, v. 286

Gordioi chose the fattest man king, ii. 297

Gordium, capital of the kings of Phrygia, iii. 316

Gordon, E. M., on iron as an amulet in Bilaspore, iii. 234 _sq._;
on infant burial in Bilaspore, v. 94 _sq._;
on the festival of the dead in Bilaspore, vi. 60;
on cairns to which passers-by add stones in Bilaspore, ix. 27 _n._ 4

Gore, Captain, on the behaviour of the Meriahs among the Khonds, iv. 139
_n._ 1

Gorgon, Perseus and the, iii. 312

Gorillas, souls of dead in, viii. 289;
lives of persons bound up with those of, xi. 202

Gorong archipelago, custom as to children’s cast teeth in the, i. 179;
rule as to gathering coco-nuts in the, iii. 201

Gorse burned on May Day to burn or drive away witches, ii. 54

Görz, belief as to witches at Midsummer about, xi. 75

Gospel to the Hebrews, the apocryphal, iv. 5 _n._ 3

Goudie, Mr. Gilbert, on Up-helly-a’ at Lerwick, ix. 169 _n._ 2

_Gour-deziou_, “Supplementary Days,” in Brittany, ix. 324

Gouri, an Indian goddess of fertility, v. 241 _sq._

Gournia in Crete, prehistoric shrine at, v. 88 _n._ 1

Gout, popular remedy for, in Java, iii. 106;
transferred to trees, ix. 56 _sq._

Government of old men in aboriginal Australia, i. 334 _sq._

Govindji, an incarnation of Krishna, i. 284

Gowland, W., on cairns in Corea, ix. 11 _n._ 5

Gowmditch-mara tribe of Victoria, difference of language between husbands
and wives in the, iii. 348 _n._ 1

_Graal, History of the Holy_, iv. 120, 134

Graetz, H., on death of a Christian child in the character of Haman, ix.
395 _n._ 1

Grafting, superstitious ceremony at, ii. 100

Grain Coast of West Africa, the Bodio or fetish king of the, i. 353, iii.
23;
initiation of girls on the, xi. 259

Grains of wheat, divination by, ix. 316 _n._ 1

Grammont, in Belgium, festival of the “Crown of Roses” at, x. 195;
the Yule log at, x. 249

Gran Chaco, the Lengua Indians of the, i. 313, 330, 359, iii. 37, 38, 357,
iv. 11, 63, viii. 245, ix. 122, 262;
the Indians of the, their belief in dreams, iii. 37;
the Guaycurus of the, iii. 357, vii. 309;
the Matacos Indians of the, iii. 373 _n._

Granada (South America), youthful rulers secluded in, x. 19

Granary, ceremony at fetching rice from a, vii. 185

Grand Halleux, bonfires on first Sunday in Lent at, x. 107

Grandfather’s corpse, custom of leaping over, iii. 424

Grandfathers, grandsons named after their deceased, iii. 370

Grandidier, A., on changes in the Malagasy language caused by taboo on
names of the dead, iii. 380 _sq._

Grandmother, title of an African priest, vi. 255;
name given to last sheaf, vii. 136;
or Mother of Ghosts at Rome, viii. 94, 96, 107

Grandmother Earth thought to cause earthquakes, v. 198

Grandmothers, grand-daughters named after their deceased, iii. 370

Grandparents, dead, worshipped, vi. 175

Granger, Professor F., on double-headed bust at Nemi, i. 42 _n._ 1

_Grannas-mias_, torches, on the first Sunday in Lent, x. 111

Granno, invocation of, x. 111 _sq._

_Granno-mio_, a torch, x. 111

Grannus, a Celtic deity, identified with Apollo, x. 111 _sq._

Grant, the great laird of, not exempt from witchcraft, x. 342 _n._ 4

Grape-cluster, Mother of the, iv. 8

Grapes as divine emblem, v. 165;
the last, not to be stript, vii. 234 _sq._

_Grasausläuten_, ringing bells to make grass grow, ii. 344

Grass, magical ceremonies to make grass grow, i. 87 _sq._, x. 136;
bell-ringing as a charm to make grass grow, ii. 343 _sq._, ix. 247;
knotted as a charm, iii. 305, 306, 310;
thrown on heaps as ceremony, ix. 9, 10, 18, 20, 28;
dances to cause the grass to grow, ix. 238

Grass King, the, at Whitsuntide, ii. 85 _sq._

—— -ringers in the Tyrol and Switzerland, ix. 247

—— seed, magical ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 87 _sq._;
continence at magical ceremony for growth of, ii. 105

Grasshoppers in homoeopathic magic, i. 173 _sq._;
charm against, viii. 281;
sacrifice of, ix. 35

Gratz, puppet burned on St. John’s Eve at, x. 173

Graubünden (the Grisons), Canton of Switzerland, capers of masked men to
make corn grow in, ix. 239;
“Sawing the Old Woman” in, iv. 242 _sq._

Graudenz district of West Prussia, the harvest Bull in the, vii. 288

Grave, soul fetched from, iii. 54;
annual festival at, iv. 97;
human sacrifices at the, iv. 143, 143 _n._ 4;
dance at initiation in, xi. 237

—— of ancestor, milk poured on, ii. 223

—— of Apollo, i. 34 _sq._, iv. 4

Grave of Dionysus, iv. 3, vii. 14

—— of Osiris, vi. 10 _sq._;
human victims sacrificed at the, vi. 97

—— of Zeus, iv. 3

Grave-diggers, taboos observed by, iii. 141, 142;
obliged to stand on one foot, iv. 156 _n._ 2

—— -shrines of Shilluk kings, vi. 161 _sq._;
of Barotse kings, vi. 194 _sq._

Graveclothes, homoeopathic magic of, in China, i. 168 _sq._;
no knots in, iii. 310;
no buttons in, iii. 313

Graves, human blood offered at, i. 90 _sq._, i. 101, iv. 92;
rain-charms at, i. 268, 286, 291, iii. 154 _sq._;
trees planted on, ii. 31;
dances on, ii. 183 _n._ 2;
food offered on, iii. 53;
puppets substituted for human victims sacrificed at, iv. 218;
milk offered at, v. 87;
childless women resort to, in order to ensure offspring, v. 96;
illuminated on All Souls’ Day, vi. 72 _sq._, 74;
the only places of sacrifice in the country of the Wahehe, vi. 190;
false, to deceive demons, viii. 99 _sq._;
offerings of first-fruits presented at, viii. 111, 113, 115;
heaps of sticks or stones on, ix. 15 _sqq._

—— of Heitsi-Eibib, iv. 3, x. 16

—— of Hermes, Aphrodite, and Ares, iv. 4

—— of Hyperborean maidens at Delos, i. 28, 33 _sqq._

—— of kings, chiefs, and magicians kept secret, vi. 103 _sqq._;
human sacrifices at, vi. 168

—— of twins, water poured on, to procure rain, iii. 154 _sq._

Gray, Archdeacon J. H., on reported human sacrifices in an aboriginal
tribe of China, iv. 145

Grbalj, in Dalmatia, belief as to the souls of trees at, ii. 14

Greasing the weapon instead of the wound, i. 202 _sqq._

Great Ardra in Guinea, the king of, not allowed to behold the sea, iii. 9

—— Bassam, in Guinea, annual sacrifice of oxen for the crops at, viii. 9
_sq._;
exorcism of evil spirit at, ix. 120

—— Bear observed by the Kamtchatkans, vii. 315

“—— burnings” for kings of Judah, v. 177 _sq._

—— Eleusinian Games, vii. 71, 79

—— Feast, the, in Morocco, ix. 180, 182, 265

—— Goddesses, the grove of the, at Andania, ii. 122

—— Man, who created the world and comes down in the form of lightning, xi.
298

—— Marriage, annual festival of the dead among the Oraons of Bengal, vi.
59

Great men, history not to be explained without the influence of, v. 311
_n._ 2;
great religious systems founded by, vi. 159 _sq._;
their influence on the popular imagination, vi. 199

—— Mother, popularity of her worship in the Roman empire, v. 298 _sq._;
name given to the last sheaf, vii. 135 _sq._

—— Mysteries of Eleusis, their date, vii. 51

—— Pan, death of the, iv. 6 _sq._

“—— Purification,” Japanese ceremony, ix. 213 _n._ 1

—— religious systems founded by individual great men, vi. 159 _sq._;
religious ideals a product of the male imagination, vi. 211

—— Spirit, iv. 3;
sacrifice of fingers to the, iii. 161;
his gift of corn to men, vii. 177

—— Sun, title of Natchez chief, ii. 262, 263, viii. 77 _sqq._

—— Vigil, an Aztec festival, vii. 176

—— year, the, a Greek cycle of eight or nine ordinary years, iv. 70

Grebo people of Sierra Leone, their pontiff, his magical functions and
taboos, iii. 14 _sq._

Greece, time of the corn-reaping in, i. 32, v. 232 _n._;
priestly kings in, i. 44 _sqq._;
homoeopathic cures for jaundice in, i. 80;
rain-making in, i. 273;
forests of, ii. 8;
artificial fertilization of fig-trees in, ii. 314 _sq._;
oaks in, ii. 355;
acorns eaten in, ii. 355, 356;
conception of the soul in, iii. 29 _n._ 1;
customs as to foundations of new buildings in, iii. 89;
customs as to man-slayers in, iii. 188;
mode of reckoning intervals of time in, iv. 59 _n._ 1;
sacred marriage of Zeus and Hera in, iv. 91;
swinging as a festal rite in, iv. 283 _sq._;
use of music in religion in, v. 54 _sq._;
belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead in, v. 86 _sq._;
notion as to birth from trees and rocks in, v. 107 _n._ 1;
purification for homicide in, v. 299 _n._ 2;
notion of the noxious influence of moonshine on children in, vi. 148;
marriage customs in, vi. 245 _sq._;
summer rainless in, vii. 69;
time of barley harvest in, vii. 77;
use of swallows as scapegoats in, ix. 35;
use of laurel in purification in, ix. 262;
stories of girls who were forbidden to see the sun in, x. 72 _sqq._;
belief as to menstruous women in, x. 98 _n._ 1;
Midsummer fires in, x. 211 _sq._;
stories of the external soul in, xi. 103 _sqq._;
mistletoe in, xi. 316, 317

Greece, ancient, ceremony performed by persons supposed to have been dead
in, i. 75;
ceremony to prevent dropsy in, i. 78;
contagious magic of footprints in, i. 211;
curses at cutting hellebore in, i. 281;
human gods in, i. 390 _sq._;
tree-worship in, ii. 10;
rule as to blowing on a fire in, ii. 240;
female descent of kingship in, ii. 278 _sq._;
maxim not to look at one’s reflection in water in, iii. 94;
names of the priests of the Eleusinian mysteries not to be mentioned in,
iii. 382;
the eight years’ cycle in, iv. 68 _sqq._;
custom of banishing homicides in, iv. 69 _sq._;
human sacrifices in, iv. 161 _sqq._;
time of the vintage in, vii. 47 _n._ 2;
mode of ridding the fields of mice in, viii. 276 _sq._;
theory of the transmigration of souls in, viii. 300;
custom of stone-throwing in, ix. 24 _sq._;
belief in demons in, ix. 104;
human scapegoats in, ix. 252 _sqq._;
Saturnalia in, ix. 350 _sqq._

—— Homeric, sanctity of kings and chiefs in, i. 366

Greek armies before battle, custom observed by, iii. 111

—— art, the human soul represented sometimes as a mannikin and sometimes
as a butterfly in, iii. 29 _n._ 1

—— belief as to impotence, i. 150;
as to gods in the likeness of strangers, vii. 236

—— bride and bridegroom bathed before marriage, ii. 162

—— calendar, the early, iv. 68;
in the Louvre, vii. 46 _n._ 2;
based on the moon, of little use to the husbandman, vii. 53;
regulated by the moon, vii. 80

—— charm to silence watchdogs, i. 149

—— charms to ensure wakefulness, clear sight, and black hair, i. 154

—— Church, ceremonies on Good Friday in the, v. 254;
ritual of the new fire at Easter in the, x. 128 _sq._

—— conception of Earth as the great Mother, ii. 128 _n._ 4

—— custom of offering hair to rivers, i. 31;
of ploughing the land thrice a year, vii. 53 _n._ 4, 72 _sq._

—— divinities who died and rose again, vii. 2

—— farmers, their seasons for ploughing and sowing, vii. 45, 50;
their seasons for sowing and reaping determined by observation of the
Pleiades, vii. 318

—— Feast of All Souls in May, vi. 78 _n._ 1

—— games, the great, iv. 92 _sq._, 103 _sqq._;
held every four years, vii. 79 _sq._

—— gods, discrimination of their characters, v. 119;
who took titles from vermin, viii. 282

Greek husbandmen, their maxim as to planting and gathering olives, ii. 107

—— infants, octopuses and cuttle-fish presented to, i. 156

—— kings, called Zeus, ii. 177, 361;
ancient, their reign of eight years, iv. 58 _sq._, 70 _sqq._

—— lands, artificial fertilization of fig-trees in, ix. 272

—— maxim not to wear rings, iii. 314

—— mode of relighting a sacred fire by means of burning-glass, ii. 244
_n._ 1

—— months lunar, vii. 52, 53, 80

—— mysteries, bull-roarers swung at, vii. 110

—— mythology, Adonis in, v. 10 _sqq._

—— peasants used to carry fire in stalks of fennel, ii. 260

—— ploughman, his prayer to Zeus and Demeter, vii. 45, 50

—— practice of sacrificing to the dead on their birthdays, i. 105

—— purificatory rites, pigs sacrificed in, vii. 74

—— religion, rule of ancient, to exclude from temples all who had touched
a corpse or a lying-in woman, iii. 155

—— ritual of purification, one shoe on and one shoe off in, iii. 312;
of expiatory sacrifices, viii. 27

—— sacrifices, victims required to shake their heads in, i. 384, _n._ 7

—— sanctuaries, iron not to be brought into, iii. 226

—— sower of cummin, his use of curses, i. 281

—— story of Iphiclus and Melampus, i. 158;
stories of the external soul, xi. 103 _sqq._

—— superstitions as to certain woollen garments and certain stones, i. 157

—— use of winnowing-fans as cradles, ii. 6

—— women, their mourning for Persephone, ix. 349

—— writers on the worship of Adonis, v. 223 _sq._

Greeks sacrifice pregnant victims to ensure fertility, i. 141;
their belief in the homoeopathic magic of precious stones, i. 164 _sq._;
rain-making ceremonies among, i. 272 _sq._;
used branches of buckthorn to protect houses against sorcerers and
spirits, ii. 191;
their dread of noon, iii. 88;
their use of magical wax figures, ix. 47

——, the ancient, their ceremonies for procuring rain, i. 309 _sq._;
their belief that the sun rode in a chariot, i. 315;
sacrificed to the winds, i. 330 _n._;
their notion as to the wasting effect of incest, ii. 115;
ran round the hearth with new-born babes, ii. 232;
fire-sticks, employed by the, ii. 251;
prayed to Zeus for rain, ii. 359;
dedicated locks of hair to rivers, iii. 261, 261 _n._ 5;
vicarious sacrifices among, iv. 166 _n._ 1;
their modes of disposing of things used in purificatory rites, vii. 9;
compared the begetting of children to the sowing of seed, vii. 11;
their faith in Demeter as the corn-goddess, vii. 64;
their cycle of eight years, vii. 80 _sqq._;
their personification of the corn in double form as mother and daughter,
vii. 209 _sqq._;
their “swallow song” and “crow song,” viii. 322 _n._;
their cure for love, ix. 3;
smeared pitch on their houses to keep off demons, ix. 153 _n._ 1;
their use of laurel in purification, ix. 262;
deemed sacred the places which were struck by lightning, xi. 299

Greeks of Asia Minor, their use of human scapegoats, ix. 255

——, the Homeric, their belief as to the effect of a good king’s reign, i.
366, ii. 324 _sq._;
cut out tongues of sacrificial victims, viii. 270

—— and Romans, rain-charms among the ancient, i. 309 _sq._

Green boughs a charm against witches, ii. 52-55, 127, 342 _sq._;
custom of beating young people with, at Christmas, ix. 270

—— Corn Dance of the Seminole Indians, viii. 76

—— Demeter, vii. 42, 63, 89 _n._ 2;
sacrifices in spring to, vii. 263

—— Festival at Eleusis, vii. 63

—— George on St. George’s Day, a leaf-clad mummer in Carinthia,
Transylvania, Roumania, and Russia, ii. 75, 76, 79, 343

—— Thursday, the day before Good Friday, ii. 333

—— Wolf, Brotherhood of the, at Jumièges in Normandy, x. 185 _sq._, xi. 15
_n._, 25, 88

Greenidge, A. H. J., on the nomination of Roman kings, ii. 296 _n._ 3

Greenland, woman in childbed thought to control the wind in, i. 324

Greenlanders, their belief in the mortality of the gods, iv. 3;
careful not to offend the souls of dead seals, viii. 246 _sq._;
their notion that women can conceive by the moon, x. 75 _sq._

Greenwich-hill, custom of rolling down, at Easter and Whitsuntide, ii. 103

Gregor, Rev. Walter, of Pitsligo, on the cutting of the _clyack_ sheaf in
Aberdeenshire, vii. 158 _sqq._;
on virtue of children born feet foremost, x. 295 _n._ 3;
on the “quarter-ill,” x. 296 _n._ 1;
on the bewitching of cattle, x. 303;
on the oak and mistletoe of the Hays, xi. 284 _n._ 1

Gregory IV. and the Feast of All Saints, vi. 83

Gregory of Tours, on image of goddess carted about at Autun, ii. 144;
on a talisman against dormice and serpents, viii. 281

Greig, James S., on a holed stone in the Aberdeenshire river Dee, xi. 187
_n._ 3

Grenfell, B. P., and A. S. Hunt on corn-stuffed effigies of Osiris, vi. 90
_sq._

Grenoble, King and Queen of May at, ii. 90;
the harvest goat at, vii. 285

Greta, river in Yorkshire, need-fire on the, x. 287

_Grevia spec._, a sacred tree of the Herero, ii. 214, 219

Grey, Sir George, on the prohibition to name the dead among the natives of
Western Australia, iii. 364 _sq._;
on the digging for yams by women in Western Australia, vii. 126 _sq._;
on the _kobong_ or totem in Western Australia, xi. 219 _sq._

Grey hair a signal of death, iv. 36 _sq._

—— hairs of kings, iv. 100, 102, 103

_Grihya-Sûtras_ on the pole-star at marriage, i. 166 _n._ 2;
on the burial of a child’s hair, iii. 277

Grimm, J., on the oldest sanctuaries of the Germans, ii. 8 _sq._;
on the bride-race, ii. 303 _n._ 3;
on a passage of Maximus Tyrius, ii. 362 _n._ 6;
on the oak as the principal sacred tree of the ancient Germans, ii. 363
_sq._;
on old spell to cure a lame horse, iii. 305 _n._ 1;
on the installation of a prince of Carinthia, iv. 155 _n._ 1;
on the “carrying out of Death,” iv. 221 _sq._;
on the custom of “Sawing the Old Woman,” iv. 240, 244;
on hide-measured lands, vi. 250;
on need-fire, x. 270 _n._, 272 _sq._;
on the relation of the Midsummer fires to Balder, xi. 87 _n._ 6;
on the sanctity of the oak, xi. 89;
on the oak and lightning, xi. 300

Grinnell, G. B., on human sacrifices among the Pawnees, vii. 239 _n._ 1

Gripes transferred to a duck, ix. 50

Grisons, masquerades to benefit the crops in the, ix. 239;
threatening a mist in the, x. 280.
_See also_ Graubünden

Grizzly Bear clan of the Carrier Indians, xi. 274

—— bears supposed to be related to human twins, i. 264 _sq._

Groot, Professor J. J. M. de, on the divinity of the emperors of China, i.
416 _sq._;
on reported custom of eating first-born children, iv. 180 _n._ 7;
on substitutes for capital punishment in China, iv. 275;
on the belief in demons in China, ix. 99;
on the annual expulsion of devils in China, ix. 145 _sq._;
on mugwort in China, xi. 60

_Gros Ventres_, Indian tribe, prepare for war by fasting and lacerating
themselves, iii. 161

Gross-Strehlitz, in Silesia, the custom of “carrying out Death” at, iv.
237

Grossvargula, the Grass King at Whitsuntide at, ii. 85 _sq._

Grottkau, precautions against witches in, xi. 20 _n._

Grotto of the Sibyl, at Marsala, v. 247

Ground, custom of sleeping on the, ii. 248;
sacred persons not allowed to set foot on the, iii. 3, 4, 6, x. 2
_sqq._;
prohibition to sleep on the, iii. 110;
warriors not to sit on the, iii. 159, 162, 163, x. 5, 12;
executioner not to set foot on the, iii. 180;
royal blood not to be shed on the, iii. 241 _sqq._;
priestesses not to touch the, vii. 97;
last sheaf not to touch the, vii. 158, 159, 161;
the bones of salmon not to touch the, viii. 254;
priest of Earth not to sit on the, x. 4;
girls at puberty not to touch the, x. 22, 33, 35, 36, 60;
magical plants not to touch the, xi. 51;
mistletoe not to touch the, xi. 280

Grouse, the ruffed, in homoeopathic magic, i. 155;
the first, blinded by hunter, viii. 268;
clan of the Carrier Indians, xi. 273

Grout, L., on sacrifice of bull at Zulu festival of first-fruits, viii. 68
_n._ 3

Grove, Miss Florence, on withered mistletoe, xi. 287 _n._ 1

Grove, sacred, of Nemi, i. 2, 17, xi. 315;
of Egeria, i. 18;
the Arician, i. 20, 22, ii. 115, 378, iv. 213, ix. 3;
sacred, protected by curses, i. 45;
Balder’s, x. 104, xi. 315;
soul of chief in sacred, xi. 161.
_See also_ Arician

Groves, sacred, ii. 9, 10 _sq._, 20, 32, 39, 42, 43 _sqq._;
in Chios, i. 45;
to Diana, ii. 121;
in ancient Greece and Rome, ii. 121 _sqq._;
expiation for violating, ii. 122;
in West Africa, ii. 322 _n._ 1;
apologies for trespass on, ii. 328

Growth and decay of all things associated with the waxing and waning of
the moon, vi. 132 _sqq._, 140 _sqq._

Grub in the Grisons, masquerade to benefit the crops at, ix. 239

Grubb, Rev. W. Barbrooke, on the fear of demons among the Lengua Indians,
ix. 78 _sq._;
on the seclusion of girls at puberty among the Lengua Indians, x. 57
_n._ 1

Grueber and d’Orville, Fathers, on the Dalai Lama of Lhasai, i. 412

Gruel of barley-meal and water, drunk as a form of communion with the
Barley-goddess at the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 161 _n._ 4

Grün, in Bohemia, mountain arnica gathered at Midsummer at, xi. 58 _n._ 1

Grunau, Simon, early Prussian chronicler, his account of Romove and its
sacred oak, ii. 366 _n._ 2

Grünberg, in Silesia, the harvest Cat at, vii. 281;
witches driven away on Walpurgis Night in the district of, ix. 163

Grunting like a wild boar or pig as a charm, ii. 22 _sq._

Guacheta in Colombia, virgin impregnated by the sun at, x. 74

Guadalcanar, one of the Solomon Islands, sacrifice of first-fruits in,
viii. 126 _sq._

Guadeloupe, precaution as to spittle in, iii. 289

Guagnini, Alex, on the sacred oak of Romove, ii. 366 _n._ 2

Guami Indians of Panama, concealment of personal names among the, iii. 325

Guanches of Teneriffe, their mode of procuring rain, i. 303

Guarani Indians of South America, their belief as to homoeopathic magic of
millet, i. 145

Guaranis of Brazil, their seclusion of girls at puberty, x. 56

—— of Paraguay, revered the Pleiades, vii. 309

Guaraunos of the Orinoco, uncleanness of menstruous women among the, x. 85
_sq._

Guarayo Indians, their magic to clear the sky, i. 314

—— Indians of Bolivia, their presentation of children to the moon, vi.
145;
ate the powdered bones of their dead, viii. 157

Guardian angels, afterbirth and navel-string regarded as a man’s, xi. 162
_n._ 2

—— deities of cities, iii. 391

“—— gods” of the Hos, vii. 234, viii. 61

—— spirit of child thought to reside in its caul, i. 199 _sq._;
as bear, boar, eagle, fox, ox, swan or wolf, i. 200;
of family, vii. 121;
among the Hos, viii. 60;
afterbirth and seed regarded as, xi. 223 _n._ 2;
acquired in a dream, xi. 256 _sq._

—— spirits in the form of animals, i. 200, v. 83;
of villages in Tonquin, i. 401 _sq._;
supposed to reside in people’s heads, iii. 252 _sq._;
in serpents, v. 83, 86;
dead ancestors worshipped as, viii. 121, 123;
among the American Indians, viii. 207;
of wild animals exorcized by hunters, ix. 98;
masked dances supposed to be derived from, ix. 375 _sqq._

Guardian trees in Sweden, ii. 58

Guatemala, catching the soul of the dying in, iv. 199

——, the Indians of, confession of sins among the, iii. 216;
their transference of fatigue to heaps of stones, ix. 10;
their offerings at cairns, ix. 26;
the _nagual_ or external soul among the, xi. 212 _sq._

——, the Kekchi Indians of, viii. 219, 241

Guatusos of Costa Rica, use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 230 _n._

Guayana Indians of Brazil, voluntary deaths by being buried alive among
the, iv. 12

Guayaquil, in Ecuador, the Indians of, their human sacrifices at sowing,
vii. 236

Guaycurus, try to frighten the demon of the storm, i. 330

—— of Brazil, precaution as to chief’s spittle among the, iii. 290;
men dressed as women among the, vi. 254 _n._ 2

—— of the Gran Chaco used to change their names after a death, iii. 357;
their festival at the reappearance of the Pleiades, vii. 309, ix. 262

Guayquiries of the Orinoco, their beliefs as to menstruous women, x. 85

Guazacualco, in Mexico, bones of the dead preserved for the resurrection
in, viii. 259

Gudangs, the, of Queensland, avoidance of parents-in-law among, iii. 346;
changes of vocabulary among the, caused by fear of naming the dead, iii.
359

Gudea, king of Southern Babylonia, festival of the New Year known to, ix.
356

Guelelé, king of Dahomey, represented partly in lion, partly in human
form, iv. 85

Guelphs, the oak of the, xi. 166

Guessing dreams at New Year festival of the Iroquois, ix. 127

Guevo Upas, the Valley of Poison, in Java, v. 203 _sq._

Guezo, king of Dahomey, represented with the feathers of a cock, iv. 85

Guhrau, district of Silesia, custom of “Carrying out Death” in, iv. 237

Guiana, the Indians of, their precaution against heavy rain, i. 253;
power of medicine-men among, i. 359 _sq._;
their fire customs, ii. 259;
their belief in dreams, iii. 36 _sq._;
keep their names secret, iii. 324 _sq._;
their offerings of food to the dead, iii. 372 _n._ 5;
do not sharply distinguish between animals and men, viii. 204;
their custom after killing a tapir, viii. 236;
their fear of demons, ix. 78

——, British, the Macusis of, iii. 159 _n._, x. 60;
woman’s share in agriculture among the Indians of, vii. 120 _sq._;
the Arawaks of, viii. 154, ix. 302

——, French, difference of language between husbands and wives in the
tribes of, iii. 348;
the Roocooyen Indians of, ix. 181, 263;
the Wayanas of, x. 63;
ordeals undergone by young men among the Indians of, x. 63 _sq._

Guinea, priestly kings in, iii. 5;
negroes of, their belief in dreams, iii. 37;
belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals in, viii. 287;
transference of sickness to chickens in, ix. 31;
annual expulsion of the devil in, ix. 131

——, French, the wild fig-tree regarded as a fetish-tree in, ii. 317 _n._
1;
dances at sowing in, ix. 235

——, North, disposal of cut hair and nails in, iii. 278

——, Southern, the negroes of, use drippings of dead men’s brains to
increase their wisdom, viii. 163

Guinea negroes, their transference of sickness to chickens, ix. 31

Guinea-fowl gives signal for planting, vii. 117

_Guizing_ at Christmas in Lerwick, x. 268 _sq._

Gujarat, rings as amulets in, iii. 315

Gujrat District, Punjaub, belief as to bodies of infants dug up by jackals
or dogs in the, v. 94

Guleesh and the fairies at Hallowe’en, x. 277 _sq._

Gull clan of the Otawa Indians, viii. 225 _n._ 1

Gunkel, H., on the circumcised and the uncircumcised, i. 101 _n._ 2

Gunn, David, kindles need-fire, x. 291

Gunnar Helming disguises himself as the god Frey, ii. 144

Gunputty, elephant-headed god, human incarnation of, i. 405 _sq._

Guns fired to expel demons, viii. 99, ix. 116 _sq._, 119, 120, 121, 125,
132, 133, 137, 147, 148, 149, 150, 203, 204, 221 _n._ 1;
against witches, ix. 160, 161, 164, xi. 74

Gunther, king of the Burgundians, woos and wins Queen Brunhild, ii. 306

Gunthram, King, and his vagrant soul, iii. 39 _n._ 1

Gurdon, Major P. R. T., on the Khasis of Assam, vi. 202;
on mother-kin among the Khasis, vi. 203 _n._ 1;
on descent of the kingship among the Khasis, vi. 210 _n._ 1

_Guré_, a hobby-horse, at harvest festival of the Garos, viii. 337 _sq._

Gurgaon, district of North-West India, fair at Bas Doda in, ii. 149

Guyana Indians of Brazil, their voluntary deaths, iv. 12 _sq._

Guyenne, “the Wolf of the Field” at harvest in, vii. 275

Gwalior, Holi fires in, xi. 2

Gwanya, a worshipful dead chief, vi. 177

Gyges, king of Lydia, married the widow of his predecessor, ii. 281;
his monument to his queen, ii. 282;
dedicates double-headed axe to Zeus, v. 182

Gynaecocracy a dream, vi. 211

Gypsies, their way of stopping rain by means of a serpent, i. 295 _sq._;
Green George among the, ii. 75 _sq._;
their superstition about portraits, iii. 100;
ceremony of “Sawing the Old Woman” among the, iv. 243;
annual ceremony performed by the, ix. 207 _sq._

Habes de Tornas, a tribe of Nigeria, revere a fetish doctor, iii. 124

Hack-thorn sacred, ii. 48

Hadad, chief male deity of the Syrians, v. 15, 16 _n._ 1;
Syrian god of thunder and fertility, v. 163

Hadadrimmon, v. 164 _n._ 1;
the mourning of or for, v. 15 _n._ 4

Haddon, Dr. A. C., on rain-making in Mabuiag, i. 262;
on magicians in the Torres Straits Islands, i. 420 _n._ 2;
on worship of animal-shaped heroes, v. 139 _n._ 1;
on bull-roarers, vii. 106 _n._ 3

Hadeln, in Hanover, the Corn-mother at reaping last corn in, vii. 133

Hades, descent of Dionysus into, vii. 15

Hadji Mohammad shoots a were-wolf, x. 312 _sq._

Hadramaut, mode of stopping rain in, i. 252

Hadrian builds at Nemi, i. 6;
monument of, at Nemi, i. 6 _n._ 1;
human sacrifice suppressed in reign of, v. 146;
institutes games at Mantinea, vii. 80

Hag (_wrach_), name given to last corn cut in Wales, vii. 142 _sqq._

Hagen, B., on the belief in demons among the Battas, ix. 87 _sq._

Hagios Gheorgios, village in Thrace, ummery at Carnival at, vii. 26

Hahn, Dr. C. H., on the chief’s hut among the Herero, ii. 213 _n._ 2

Hahn, Theophilus, on the worship of the Pleiades among the Hottentots,
vii. 317

Haida Indians of Queen Charlotte Islands, ceremony performed by pregnant
women among the, i. 70;
warlike pantomime of women while the men are at war, i. 133;
their belief as to death at ebb-tide, i. 168;
their charm to obtain a fair wind, i. 320;
medicine-men among the, iii. 31;
their recovery of lost souls, iii. 67 _n._;
attempt to kill the souls of their enemies in war, iii. 72 _n._ 1;
their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 131 _n._ 1;
their religions of cannibalism and of dog-eating, vii. 20 _sq._;
girls at puberty secluded among the, x. 44 _sq._

—— medicine-men bottle up departing souls, iii. 31;
their unshorn hair, iii. 259

—— shamans, their use of the tongues of otters and eagles, viii. 270

Hail, charm to protect corn from, vii. 300;
ceremonies to avert, x. 144, 145;
Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 176;
bonfires thought to protect fields against, x. 344;
mountain arnica a protection against, xi. 57 _sq._

—— and thunderstorms caused by witches, x. 344

Hainan, island, the inhabitants of, call a year “a fire,” x. 137

Hainaut, province of Belgium, fire customs in, x. 108;
procession of giants in, xi. 36

Hair offered to gods and goddesses, heroes and heroines, i. 28 _sq._;
offered to the dead, i. 31, 102;
offered to rivers, i. 31, iii. 261;
clippings of, used in magic, i. 57, 64, 65, 66, iii. 268 _sqq._, 275,
277, 278 _sq._;
charms to make hair grow, i. 83, 145, 153 _sq._, 154;
supposed to be the seat of strength, i. 102;
of elephant hunter’s wife not to be cut, i. 120;
of warriors not to be cut, i. 127;
of wife and children of absent warrior not to be cut, i. 127;
loose as a charm, i. 136;
homoeopathic charm to strengthen, i. 144;
homoeopathic charm to turn white hair black, i. 154;
human, used in rain-making, i. 251 _sq._;
supernatural power of chief dependent on his, i. 344;
of father of twins not to be cut for a time, ii. 102;
long, a symbol of royalty, ii. 180;
mode of cutting the Mikado’s, iii. 3;
cut with bronze knife, iii. 14;
not to be combed, iii. 14, 159 _n._, 181, 187, 203, 208, 264;
pulled to give omens, iii. 55;
of those who have handled the dead not cut, iii. 141;
of man-slayers shaved, iii. 175, 177;
of slain enemy, fetish made from, iii. 183;
tabooed, iii. 258 _sqq._;
of kings, priests, and wizards unshorn, iii. 258 _sqq._;
regarded as the seat of a god or spirit, iii. 258, 259, 263;
kept unshorn at certain times, iii. 260 _sqq._;
unshorn during a vow, iii. 261 _sq._;
of children unshorn, iii. 263;
cut or combed out may cause rain and thunderstorms, iii. 271, 272, 282;
clippings of, used as hostages, iii. 272 _sq._;
infected by virus of taboo, iii. 283 _sq._;
cut as a purificatory ceremony, iii. 283 _sqq._;
of women after childbirth shaved and burnt, iii. 284;
loosened at childbirth, iii. 297 _sq._;
loosened in magical and religious ceremonies, iii. 310 _sq._;
sacrifice of women’s, v. 38;
offered to goddess of volcano, v. 218;
of head shaved in mourning for dead gods, v. 225;
to be cut when the moon is waxing, vi. 133 _sq._;
pulling each other’s, a Lithuanian sacrificial custom, viii. 50 _sq._;
of slain foes used to impart courage, viii. 153;
of patient inserted in oak, ix. 57 _sq._;
lock of, in cure for epilepsy, ix. 68 _n._ 2;
unguent for, x. 14;
girl at puberty not to cut her, x. 28;
of girls at puberty shaved, x. 31, 56, 57, 59;
Hindoo ritual of cutting a child’s, x. 99 _n._ 2;
external soul in, xi. 103 _sq._, 148;
strength of people bound up with their, xi. 158 _sq._;
of criminals, witches, and wizards shorn to make them confess, xi. 158
_sq._;
of children tied to trees, xi. 165;
of novices cut at initiation, xi. 245, 251

Hair, grey, a signal of death, iv. 36 _sq._

—— and nails of sacred persons not cut, iii. 3, 4, 16

—— and nails, cut, of a chief guarded against evil magic, i. 350 _n._ 1;
deposited on or under trees, iii. 14, 275 _sq._, 286;
disposal of, iii. 267 _sqq._;
as rain-charms, iii. 271, 272;
deposited in sacred places, iii. 274 _sqq._;
stowed away in any secret place, iii. 276 _sqq._;
kept for use at the resurrection, iii. 279 _sqq._;
burnt to prevent them from falling into the hands of sorcerers, iii. 281
_sqq._;
of child buried under a tree, xi. 161

—— of the Virgin or St. John looked for in ashes of Midsummer fire, x. 182
_sq._, 190, 191

Hair-cutting, ceremonies at, iii. 264 _sqq._;
thought to cause thunder and lightning, iii. 265

Hair-pins as instruments of longevity, i. 169

Hairy Stone, the, at Midsummer, x. 212

Hak-Ka, the, a native race in the province of Canton, their annual
expulsion of the devil of poverty, ix. 144

Hakea flowers, ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 86

Hakim Singh claims to be Jesus Christ incarnate, i. 409 _sq._

Halae in Attica, mock human sacrifice at, iv. 215 _sq._

Halasarna in Cos, rites of Apollo and Hercules at, vi. 259

Halberstadt in Thüringen, need-fire in, ii. 238 _sq._, x. 273;
annual ceremony on day before Good Friday at, ix. 214

Hale, Horatio, on voluntary deaths in Fiji, iv. 11 _sq._

Half-sister by the same father, marriage with, legal in Attica, ii. 284

Halfdan the Black, king of Norway, dismembered after death, vi. 100, 102

Halford in Warwickshire, May Day customs at, ii. 88 _sq._

Hali-Bonar, village in Sumatra, iii. 104

Halibut, the first of the season, treatment of, viii. 253

Halicarnassus, the Mausoleum at, iv. 94 _sq._;
worship of Pergaean Artemis at, v. 35 _n._ 2

_Haliphloios_, a species of oak, ii. 373 _n._ 1

Hall, C. F., on the treatment of venison among the Esquimaux, x. 13;
on new fire at New Year among the Esquimaux, x. 134

Hall, Dr. C. H. H., on the expulsion of the demon of plague in Japan, ix.
119 _n._ 1

Hall, Rev. G. R., on Midsummer fires at Christenburg Crags, x. 198

Hall, in the Tyrol, ceremony of whipping people on Senseless Thursday at,
ix. 248 _sq._

Hall of the Two Truths, the judgment hall in the other world, vi. 13

Hallowe’en, new fire at, in Ireland, x. 139, 225;
an old Celtic festival of New Year, x. 224 _sqq._;
divination at, x. 225, 228 _sq._, 231, 234 _sqq._;
witches, hobgoblins, and fairies let loose at, x. 226 _sqq._, 245, xi.
184 _n._ 4, 185

—— and Beltane, the two chief fire festivals of the British Celts, xi. 40
_sq._

Hallowe’en cakes, x. 238, 241, 245

—— fires, x. 222 _sq._;
in Wales, x. 156, 239;
in the Highlands of Scotland, x. 230 _sqq._;
in the Isle of Man, x. 243;
in Lancashire, x. 244 _sq._;
in France, x. 245 _sq._

Hallowmas in Scotland, last corn cut before or after, vii. 140

Halmahera, or Gilolo, rain-making in, i. 248;
rain-charm by means of the dead in, i. 285 _sq._;
ceremony at felling a tree in, ii. 38;
the natives of, their words for soul, vii. 183;
ceremonies at a funeral in, ix. 260 _sq._;
rites of initiation in, xi. 248

——, the Alfoors of, a man may not address his father-in-law by name among,
iii. 341;
their expulsion of demons, ix. 112

——, the Galelareese of, i. 110, v. 220, vii. 296;
their belief as to incest, ii. 111.
_See_ Galelareese

_Haloa_, Attic festival, vii. 60 _sqq._

Haltwhistle, in Northumberland, burnt sacrifice at, x. 301

Haman, a god worshipped by the heathen of Harran, ix. 366 _n._ 1

Haman, the Biblical, derivation of the name, ix. 366;
effigies of, burnt at Purim, ix. 392 _sqq._

—— and Mordecai, ix. 364 _sqq._;
as temporary kings, ix. 400 _sq._

—— and Vashti the duplicates of Mordecai and Esther, ix. 406

Hâmân-Sûr, a name for Purim, ix. 393

Hamaspathmaedaya, old Iranian festival of the dead, vi. 67

_Hamatsas_, cannibals among the Kwakiutl, vii. 20

_Hametzes_, Cannibals or Biters, a Secret Society among the Indians of
North-Western America, ix. 378

Hamilcar, his self-sacrifice by fire at the battle of Himera, v. 115
_sq._, 176;
worshipped by the Carthaginians after death, v. 116, 180

Hamilton, Alexander, his account of the Samorins or kings of Calicut, iv.
47 _sq._;
on hook-swinging in India, iv. 278;
on dance of hermaphrodites in Pegu, v. 271 _n._

Hamilton, Gavin, on the seclusion of girls at puberty among the Tinneh
Indians, x. 47 _sq._

Hamilton, Professor G. L., v. 57 _n._ 1

Hamlet, his story half-historical, ii. 281 _n._ 2;
his feigned imbecility, ii. 291

Hammedatha, father of Haman, ix. 373 _n._ 1

Hammer, used to make mock thunder, i. 248;
iron, revered by the Lithuanians, i. 317 _sq._;
sick people struck with a, ix. 259 _n._ 4

Hammers, Thor’s, i. 248 _n._ 1

Hammocks, girls at puberty hung up in, x. 56, 59, 60, 61, 66

Hammurabi, king of Babylon, iv. 110;
code of, ii. 130, v. 71 _n._ 3, 72 _n._ 1

Hampstead in reign of Henry II., ii. 7

Hamstring of deer, custom of removing, viii. 266

Hamstringing dead animals, viii. 267, 271, 273

—— deer, rule as to, i. 115

—— men to disable their ghosts, viii. 272, 273

Hand of Glory, the, a thief’s talisman, i. 149

“—— of Glory,” mandragora, xi. 316

——- of suicide cut off, iv. 220 _n._;
of dead man in magical ceremony, iv. 267 _n._ 1
_See also_ Hands

Hand-marks, white, viii. 338

Handel, the harmonies of, v. 54

Hands tabooed, iii. 133 _sq._, 138, 140 _sqq._, 146 _sqq._, 158, 159 _n._,
174, 265;
food not to be touched with, iii. 138 _sqq._, 146 _sqq._, 166, 167, 168,
169, 174, 265;
defiled, iii. 174;
not to be clasped, iii. 298;
of enemies eaten, viii. 151, 152;
of deity, ceremony of grasping the, ix. 356.
_See also_ Hand

Hanged god, the, v. 288 _sqq._

Hanging as a mode of capital punishment, iv. 114 _n._ 1;
of an effigy of the Carnival, iv. 230 _sq._;
as a mode of sacrifice, v. 289 _sqq._

Hannah’s vow, iii. 263, v. 79

Hannibal, his prayers to Melcarth, v. 113;
his retirement from Italy, v. 265;
despoils the shrine on Soracte, xi. 15;
within sight of Rome, xi. 15

Hanover, Hildesheim in, ii. 85;
harvest customs in, vii. 133, 283;
the Harvest-mother in, vii. 135;
Easter bonfires in, x. 140;
the need-fire in, x. 275;
custom on St. John’s Day about, xi. 56

_Hantoes_, spirits, in Borneo, ix. 87

Hanun, king of Moab, his treatment of David’s messengers, iii. 273

Hanway, J., on worship of perpetual fires at Baku, v. 192

Happah tribe in Marquesas Islands, evil magic practised on hair by the,
iii. 268

Hardanger, Norway, Whitsuntide Bride and Bridegroom at, ii. 92

Hardisty, W. L., on the power of medicine-men among the Loucheux Indians,
i. 356 _sq._

Hardy, Thomas, on the disastrous effect of looking at trees on an empty
stomach, i. 136

Hare, name of, tabooed in the morning, iii. 402 _sq._;
as scapegoat, ix. 50 _sq._;
pastern bone of a, in a popular remedy, x. 17.
_See also_ Hares

——, corn-spirit as, vii. 279 _sq._

Hare clan of the Moquis, viii. 178;
of the Otawas, viii. 225 _n._ 1

—— Indians will not taste blood, iii. 241;
do not pare nails of female children, iii. 263

Hare-lips, superstition as to persons with, i. 266

—— -skin Indians, viii. 265.
_See_ Loucheux

“Hare’s blood” at harvest, vii. 280

—— tail, name given to last standing corn, vii. 268

Hares thought to bewitch people, i. 212;
witches in the form of, ii. 53, x. 157;
killed on May Day as embodiments of witches, ii. 53, 54;
not eaten lest they make the eaters timid, viii. 141;
witches changed into, x. 315 _n._ 1, 316 _sqq._, xi. 41, 197

Hareskin Tinneh, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 48

Harlot’s Tomb, the, in Lydia, ii. 282

Harlots, sacred, ix. 370, 371, 372;
at Comana, ix. 370 _n._ 4, 421 _n._ 1

Harma on Mount Parnes, lightning seen over, i. 33

Harmattan wind, in West Africa, iii. 5

Harmonia, the necklace of, v. 32 _n._ 2;
turned into a snake, v. 86 _sq._

—— and Cadmus, iv. 84;
marriage of, iv. 88, 89

Haroekoe, East Indian island, fishermen’s magic in, i. 109;
hunter’s magic in, i. 114;
treatment of the afterbirth in, i. 187

Harold the Fair-haired, king of Norway, ii. 279, vi. 100 _n._ 2

Harp, the music of the, in religion, v. 52 _sqq._

Harpalyce, her incest with her father, v. 44 _n._ 1

Harpocrates, the younger Horus, vi. 8, 9 _n._;
Osiris represented in the form of, vii. 260

Harpocration, on the human scapegoats at the Thargelia, ix. 254 _n._ 1

Harpooning a spirit, ix. 126

Harran, mourning of women for Tammuz in, v. 230;
legend of Tammuz in, vii. 258

——, the heathen of, drank blood to enter into communion with demons, i.
383;
their marriage festival of the gods in the Date Month, ii. 25;
their custom at grafting, ii. 100 _n._ 2;
human sacrifices offered by, vii. 261 _sq._;
sacrifices offered by, viii. 23 _n._ 3;
their custom in December, ix. 263 _sq._;
their marriage festival of all the gods, ix. 273 _n._ 1;
worship a god Haman, ix. 366 _n._ 1

Harris, island of, witches of the, i. 135;
Slope of Big Stones in, x. 227

Harris, J. Rendel, on borrowed Greek and Roman festivals in Syrian
calendars, i. 15 _n._;
on the pedigree of St. Hippolytus, 21 _n._ 2

Harrison, Miss J. E., on the Sacred Marriage of Dionysus, ii. 137 _n._ 1;
on the Eleusinian mysteries, ii. 139 _n._ 1;
on the hyacinth (_Delphinium Ajacis_), v. 314 _n._ 1;
on the winnowing-fan in the myth and ritual of Dionysus, vii. 5 _n._ 4;
on the offering of first-fruits at Eleusis, vii. 60 _n._ 1;
on the date of the Festival of the Threshing-floor, vii. 62 _n._ 6;
on buckthorn, ix. 153 _n._ 1

Harrow used in rain-charm, i. 282, 284

Harte, Bret, on the old Spanish missions in California, viii. 171 _n._ 1

Harthoorn, S. E., on belief in demons in Java, ix. 86 _sq._

Hartland, E. S., as to Mimetic Magic, i. 52 _n._ 1;
on the Godiva legend, i. 283 _n._ 3;
on legends of the Perseus type, ii. 156 _n._;
on the reincarnation of the dead, v. 91 _n._ 3;
on primitive paternity, v. 106 _n._ 1;
on the Hag at harvest in Wales, vii. 143 _n._ 1;
on “burning the Old Witch” in Yorkshire, vii. 224 _n._ 4;
on throwing sticks and stones on cairns, ix. 22 _n._ 2;
on sin-eating, ix. 46 _n._ 2;
on custom of knocking in nails as a magical rite, ix. 69 _n._ 1;
on the life-token, xi. 119 _n._

Hartlieb, in Silesia, dramatic contest between Summer and Winter at, iv.
256 _n._ 1

Haruvarus, degenerate Brahmans, their fire-walk, xi. 9

Harvest, rain-charms at, ii. 47;
custom of throwing water on the last corn cut as a rain-charm at, v. 237
_sq._;
rites of, vi. 45 _sqq._;
custom of the Arabs of Moab at, vi. 48, 96;
annual festival of the dead after, vi. 61, viii. 110;
new corn offered to dead kings or chiefs at, vi. 162, 166, 188;
prayers to the spirits of ancestors at, vi. 175 _sq._;
sacrifices to dead chiefs at, vi. 191;
riddles propounded at, ix. 122 _n._;
annual expulsion of demons at or after, ix. 134 _sq._, 137 _sq._, 225

—— in Egypt, date of, v. 231 _n._ 3, vi. 32

—— in Greece, the date of, i. 32, v. 232 _n._, vii. 48

—— in Palestine, date of, v. 232 _n._

Harvest ceremonies among the Shilluk, iv. 20, 25

—— -child, last sheaf called the, vii. 151

—— -cock, last sheaf called the, vii. 276;
harvest-supper called the, vii. 277

—— -crown, vii. 221, 277;
of wheat-ears and flowers, vii. 163

—— -customs, the Corn-mother in, vii. 133 _sqq._;
and spring customs compared, vii. 167 _sqq._

—— -goat, vii. 282, 283

—— Gosling, name for the harvest-supper, vii. 277 _n._ 3

Harvest-man, a woman tied up in the last sheaf, vii. 221

—— May, the, ii. 47 _sq._

—— -mother, last sheaf called the, vii. 135

—— -Queen, vii. 146 _sq._, 152

—— -supper, vii. 134, 138, 156, 157, 159 _sq._, 161 _sq._, 289, 297, 299;
sacramental character of, vii. 303, viii. 48

—— -woman, made of last sheaf, vii. 145

—— -wreath, vii. 283

Harvesters, athletic competitions among, vii. 76 _sq._;
wrapt up in corn-stalks, vii. 220 _sqq._

Harz Mountains, greasing the weapon instead of the wound in the, i. 204;
fir-trees set up at Midsummer in the, ii. 65 _sq._;
ceremony at Carnival in the, iv. 233;
saying as to the dance of witches in the, ix. 163 _n._ 1;
Easter fires in the, x. 140, 142;
Midsummer fires in the, x. 169;
need-fire in the, x. 276;
springwort in the, xi. 69 _sqq._

Haselberg in Bohemia, farmer swathed in the last corn to be threshed at,
vii. 225 _sq._;
the Oats-goat at threshing at, vii. 286

Hasselt, J. L. van, on the belief in demons among the Papuans, ix. 83

Hastings, Warren, his embassy to Tibet, ix. 203

Hatfield Moss, in Yorkshire, huge trunks of oak found in, ii. 351

Hathor, Egyptian goddess, ii. 133, vi. 9 _n._

Hats, special, worn by girls at puberty, x. 45, 46, 47, 92.
_See also_ Hoods

Hatshopsitou, birth of Queen, represented in Egyptian paintings, ii. 131
_sqq._

Hattusil, king of the Hittites, his treaty with Rameses II., v. 135

Haua, a god in Easter Island, viii. 133

Haupt, Professor P., on the principal personages in the Book of Esther,
ix. 406 _n._ 2

Hausa kings put to death, iv. 35

—— story of the external soul, xi. 148 _sq._

Haussas, taboos on the names of relations among the, iii. 337

_Havamal_, how Odin learned the magic runes in the, v. 290

Hawaii, feather robes of royal family of, i. 388 _n._ 3;
king of, not to be seen by day, iii. 24;
capture of souls by sorcerers in, iii. 72 _sq._;
exorcism of demons in, iii. 106;
tabooed priest in, iii. 138 _n._ 1;
customs as to chiefs and shadows in, iii. 255;
annual festival in, iv. 117 _sq._;
the volcano of Kirauea in, v. 216 _sqq._

Hawaiian taboo, iii. 262

Hawaiians, the New Year of the, xi. 244

Hawes, Mrs., on date of the corn-reaping in Crete, v. 232 _n._

Hawk, belief as to the shadow of a brown, iii. 82;
symbol of the sun and of the king in Egypt, iv. 112;
Isis in the form of a, vi. 8;
the sacred bird of the earliest Egyptian dynasties, vi. 21 _sq._;
epithet regularly applied to the king of Egypt, vi. 22;
omens from, ix. 384 _n._ 1
_See also_ Hawks

Hawk-town (Hieraconpolis) in Egypt, vi. 21 _sq._

Hawk’s head and wings, man represented wearing a, vii. 260

_Hawkie_, the harvest home, vii. 146, 147 _n._ 1

Hawks worshipped in Egypt, i. 29;
carved on the bier of Osiris, vi. 20;
hearts of, eaten by diviners to acquire prophetic power, viii. 143;
revered by the Ainos, viii. 200.
_See also_ Hawk

Hawkweed gathered at Midsummer, xi. 57

Hawthorn, Merlin under the, i. 306;
in bloom on May Day, ii. 52;
a protection against witches, ii. 55, 127;
at doors on May Day, ii. 60;
a charm against ghosts, ix. 153 _n._ 1;
mistletoe on, xi. 315, 316

Haxthausen, A. von, on the Midsummer festival of the Cheremiss, x. 181

Hay, Sir John Drummond, on the Corn-woman among the Berbers, vii. 179

Hays of Errol, their fate bound up with an oak-tree and the mistletoe
growing on it, xi. 283 _sq._

Hazael, king of Syria, worshipped as a god by the people of Damascus, v.
15

Hazebrouck, in France, wicker giants on Shrove Tuesday at, xi. 35

Hazel, the divining-rod made of, xi. 67 _sq._;
never struck by lightning, xi. 69 _n._

Hazel leaves in rain ceremony, i. 295

—— rod used to beat an absent man vicariously, i. 207;
used in rain-making, i. 301;
to drive cattle with, x. 204

Head, sacrificial victim required to shake its, i. 384;
strayed souls restored to, iii. 47, 48, 52, 53 _sq._, 64, 67;
prohibition to touch the, iii. 142, 183, 189, 252 _sq._, 254, 255 _sq._;
plastered with mud, iii. 182;
sacred in Polynesia, iii. 245;
the human, regarded as sacred, iii. 252 _sqq._;
tabooed, iii. 252 _sqq._;
supposed to be the residence of spirits, iii. 252;
objection to have any one overhead, iii. 253 _sqq._;
washing the, iii. 253.
_See also_ Heads

—— of chief not to be touched, i. 344

Head of horse, in Roman sacrifice, viii. 42;
used to protect garden from caterpillars, viii. 43 _n._ 1;
in effigy, at harvest festival, viii. 43 _n._ 1, 337

Head-dress, special, worn by girls at first menstruation, x. 92

“—— -Feast” among the Dyaks of Borneo, v. 295 _sq._;
of the Sea Dyaks, ix. 383, 384 _n._ 1

—— -hunters, rules observed by people at home in absence of, i. 129;
customs of, iii. 30, 36, 71 _sq._, 111, 166 _sq._, 169 _sq._, 261

—— -hunting in Borneo, v. 294 _sqq._;
in the Philippines, vii. 240 _sq._;
among the Wild Wa of Burma, vii. 241 _sqq._;
among the Nagas, vii. 243 _sq._;
as a means of promoting the growth of the crops, vii. 256

Headache caused by fatigue of soul, iii. 40;
caused by clipped hair, iii. 270 _sq._, 282;
cures for, ix. 2, 52, 58, 63, 64, x. 17;
transferred to head-rings, ix. 2;
transferred to animal, ix. 31;
mugwort a protection against, xi. 59

Headington, in Oxfordshire, May garlands at, ii. 62 _n._ 2;
Lord and Lady of the May at, ii. 90 _sq._

Headlam, Walter, on Dionysus as a god of beer, vii. 2 _n._ 1

Headless Hugh, Highland story of, xi. 130 _sq._

—— horsemen in India, xi. 131 _n._ 1

Headman, sacred, ix. 177 _n._ 3

Headmen of totem clans in Central Australia as public magicians, i. 335;
headmen often magicians in South-East Australia, i. 335 _sq._

Heads of lac gatherers not to be washed, i. 115;
custom of moulding heads artificially, ii. 297 _sq._;
of manslayers shaved, iii. 177;
of dead kings removed and kept, iv. 202 _sq._;
severed human, thought to promote the fertility of the ground and of
women, v. 294 _sqq._;
used as guardians by Taurians and tribes of Borneo, v. 294 _sqq._;
of dead chiefs cut off and buried secretly, vi. 104;
shaved after lightning has struck a kraal, viii. 161;
or faces of menstruous women covered, x. 22, 24, 25, 29, 31, 44 _sq._,
48 _sq._, 55, 90.
_See also_ Head

Heaps of stones, sticks, or leaves, to which every passer-by adds, ix. 9
_sqq._;
on the scene of crimes, ix. 13 _sqq._;
“lying heaps,” ix. 14;
on graves, ix. 15 _sqq._

Hearn, Lafcadio, on the exorcism of demons in Japan, ix. 144