Chapter XV: Part 15

Crocodiles, Malay magic to catch, i. 110 _sq._;
girls sacrificed to, ii. 152;
not called by their proper names, iii. 401, 403, 410, 411, 415 _sq._;
ancestral spirits in, viii. 123;
hunted by savages for their flesh, viii. 208 _n._ 2;
often spared by savages out of respect, viii. 208 _sqq._;
ceremonies observed at catching, viii. 209 _sqq._;
kinship of men with, viii. 212 _sq._, 214 _sq._;
men sacrificed to, viii. 213;
inspired human medium of, viii. 213;
temple dedicated to, viii. 213;
respected in Africa and Madagascar, viii. 213 _sqq._;
sacred at Dix Cove, viii. 287;
souls of the dead in, viii. 289, 290, 291, 295;
fat of, x. 14;
lives of persons bound up with those of, xi. 201, 202, 206, 209;
external human souls in, xi. 207, 209

Croesus, king of Lydia, his war with the Persians, ii. 316;
captures Pteria, v. 128;
the burning of, v. 174 _sqq._, 179, ix. 391;
his burnt offerings to Apollo at Delphi, v. 180 _n._ 1;
dedicates golden lion at Delphi, v. 184;
his son Atys, v. 286

Crofts, W. C., on Whitsuntide Bride in Norway, ii. 92 _n._ 4

Cromarty Firth, words tabooed by fishermen of the, iii. 394

Cromer, Martin, on the Lithuanian worship of fire, ii. 366 _n._ 2

Cromm Cruach, a legendary Irish idol, iv. 183

Cronia, a Greek festival resembling the Saturnalia, ix. 351;
at Olympia, ix. 352 _sq._

Cronion, a Greek month, vi. 238, viii. 7, 8 _n._ 1, ix. 351 _n._ 2

Cronius, Mount, at Olympia, sacrifice at the spring equinox on, i. 46 _n._
4

Cronus, an older god in Greece than Zeus, ii. 323;
buried in Sicily, iv. 4;
his sacrifice of his son, iv. 166, 179;
his treatment of his father and children, iv. 192;
his marriage with his sister Rhea, iv. 194;
identified with the Phoenician El, v. 166;
castrates his father Uranus and is castrated by his son Zeus, v. 283;
name applied to winter, vi. 41;
and the Cronia, ix. 351 _sq._;
his sacred hill at Olympia, ix. 352;
and the Golden Age, ix. 353;
and human sacrifice, ix. 353 _sq._, 397;
cakes offered to, x. 153 _n._ 3

Crook and scourge or flail, the emblems of Osiris, vi. 108, 153, compare
20

Crooke, Rev. Mr., missionary in Tahuata, i. 387 _n._ 1

Crooke, W., i. 406 _n._ 1, iv. 53 _n._ 1, vii. 234 _n._ 2, viii. 56 _n._
3;
on marriage to trees in India, ii. 57 _n._ 4;
on local gods served by aboriginal priests in India, ii. 288 _n._ 1;
on temporary substitutes for the Shah of Persia, iv. 157 _n._ 5, 159
_n._ 1;
on sacred dancing-girls, v. 65 _n._ 1;
on Mohammedan saints, v. 78 _n._ 2;
on infant burial, v. 93 _sq._;
on the custom of the False Bride, vi. 262 _n._ 2;
on Bhumiya, viii. 118 _n._;
as to use of spindle in ritual, viii. 119 _n._ 5

Crop supposed to be spoilt if a man were to name his father and mother,
iii. 341

Crops, dancing and leaping as charms to promote the growth of the, i. 137
_sqq._, ix. 232, 238 _sqq._, x. 119, 165, 166, 167 _sq._, 168,
173, 174, 337;
intercourse of the sexes to promote the growth of the, ii. 98 _sqq._;
thought to be blighted by sexual crime, ii. 107 _sqq._;
swinging for the good of the, iv. 156 _sq._, 277, 278, 283;
dependent on serpent-god, v. 67;
games to promote the growth of the, v. 92 _sqq._;
tales as a charm to promote the growth of the, v. 102, 103 _sq._;
human victims sacrificed for the, v. 290 _sq._, vii. 236 _sqq._;
charms and spells for growth of, vii. 100;
bull-roarers sounded to promote the growth of the, vii. 104, 106, xi.
232;
rotation of, vii. 117;
vermin the enemies of the crops, superstitious devices for destroying,
intimidating, or propitiating, viii. 274 _sqq._;
supposed to be spoiled by menstruous women, x. 79, 96;
leaping over bonfires to ensure good, x. 107;
Midsummer fires thought to ensure good, x. 188, 336;
torches swung by eunuchs to ensure good, x. 340

Cross, Days of the, in Esthonia, i. 325;
wind of the, i. 325

—— of twisted corn on Candlemas, ii. 95 _n._

“—— of the Horse,” first sheaf called the, vii. 294.
_See also_ Crosses

Cross River of Southern Nigeria, Eatin on the, i. 349;
the Indem tribe of the, ii. 32;
sacred chiefs on the, confined to their compounds, iii. 124;
natives of the, their offerings of new yams to the deities, viii. 115;
natives of the, their lives bound up with those of certain animals, xi.
202 _sq._, 204

Cross-road, trap for demon at, ix. 61;
ague nailed down at, ix. 68 _sq._

—— -roads, in magical rites, ii. 340, iii. 59;
burial at, v. 93 _n._ 1, ix. 10;
things used in purificatory rites deposited at, vii. 9;
sacrifices at, viii. 284;
disease deposited at, ix. 6, 7;
bodies of suicides burnt at, ix. 18;
bodies of parricides to be thrown away at, ix. 24;
fever deposited at, ix. 49;
offerings at, ix. 140;
ceremonies at, ix. 144, 159, 196, x. 24;
beaten as a precaution against witches, ix. 161;
witches at, ix. 162, x. 160 _n._ 1;
Midsummer fires lighted at, x. 172, 191;
divination at, x. 229;
bewitched things burnt at, x. 322

Crossbills in magic, i. 81 _sq._

Crosses cut on stumps of felled trees, ii. 38;
of rowan-tree used to protect cows from witches, ii. 53, ix. 267;
chalked on doors as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 54, 331, 335,
336, 339, ix. 160, 162 _sq._, 165;
made with tar on cattle to protect them against evil spirits, ii. 342;
painted with tar as charms against ghosts and vampyres, ix. 153 _n._ 1;
white, made by the King of the Bean, ix. 314, 315 _n._;
chalked up on Twelfth Night, ix. 331;
chalked up to protect houses and cattle-stalls against witches, x. 160
_n._ 1, xi. 74.
_See also_ Cross

Crossing of legs forbidden, iii. 295, 298 _sq._

Crow asked to give a new tooth, i. 181;
soul in form of, iii. 42 _n._;
head of, eaten to prolong life, viii. 143;
transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299;
as scapegoat, ix. 193.
_See also_ Crows

——, hooded, sacrifice to, x. 152

Crow Song, the Greek, viii. 322 _n._

_Crowdie_, a dish of milk and meal, x. 237

Crown, Ariadne’s, ii. 138

—— of corn-ears, vii. 163, 221, 283;
worn by Demeter and Persephone, vii. 43;
or garland of flowers in Midsummer bonfire, x. 184, 185, 188, 192.
_See also_ Flowers

——, imperial, as palladium, iii. 4

—— of laurel, ii. 175, 175 _n._ 1, iv. 78, 80 _sqq._

—— of oak leaves, ii. 175, 176 _sq._, 184, iv. 80 _sqq._

—— of olive at Olympia, iv. 91

—— of Roses, festival of the, x. 195

——, the Whitsuntide, ii. 89 _sq._
_See also_ Crowns

Crown-wearer, priest of Hercules at Tarsus, v. 143

Crowning, festival of the, at Delphi, iv. 78 _sqq._

Crowning cattle, ii. 75, 339, 341;
as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 126 _sq._, 339

—— dogs, custom of, i. 14, ii. 125 _sq._, 127 _sq._

Crowns, the royal, in ancient Egypt, i. 364;
magical virtue of royal, i. 364 _sq._;
of birch at Whitsuntide, ii. 64;
or wreaths, custom of wearing, ii. 127 _n._ 2;
as amulets, vi. 242 _sq._;
laid aside in mourning, etc., vi. 243 _n._ 2;
of figs worn at sacrifice to Saturn (Cronus), ix. 253 _n._ 3;
of maize, ix. 280.
_See also_ Crown

—— of Egypt, the White and the Red, vi. 21 _n._ 1

Crows in magic, i. 83;
hearts of, eaten by diviners, viii. 143.
_See also_ Crow

Cruachan, the palace of the ancient kings of Connaught, iii. 12;
pagan cemetery at, iv. 101;
the fair of, iv. 101;
in Connaught, the cave of, x. 226;
the herdsman or king of, Argyleshire story of, xi. 127 _sqq._

Crucifixion of Christ, ix. 412 _sqq._;
crossbills at the, i. 82;
tradition as to the date of, v. 306 _sqq._

—— of human victims at Benin, v. 294 _n._ 3;
gentile, at the spring equinox, v. 307 _n._

_Crux ansata_, the Egyptian symbol of life, ii. 133, vi. 89

“Crying the Mare” at harvest in Hertfordshire, vii. 292 _sq._;
in Shropshire, vii. 293

“—— the neck,” at harvest, vii. 264 _sqq._

_Cryptocerus atratus_, F., stinging ants, used in ordeal by the Mauhes, x.
62

Crystals, magic of, i. 176 _sq._;
used in rain-making, i. 254, 255, 304, 345, 346;
used in divination, iii. 56;
superstitions as to, iv. 64 _n._ 6

Ctesias, on the Sacaea, ix. 402 _n._ 1

Cubit, the standard, kept in the temple of Serapis, vi. 217

Cublay-Khan, ii. 306

Cuissard, Ch., on Midsummer fires, x. 182 _sq._

Cultivation of staple food in the hands of women (Pelew Islands), vi. 206
_sq._;
shifting, vii. 99.
_See_ Agriculture

Cumae, the Sibyl at, x. 99

Cumanus, inquisitor, xi. 158

Cumberland, Midsummer fires in, x. 197

Cumberland inlet, the Esquimaux of, iii. 108

Cummin, curses at sowing, i. 281

Cumont, Professor Franz, on the Saturnalia of the Roman soldiers, iv. 310;
on the _taurobolium_, v. 275 _n._ 1;
on the Nativity of the Sun, v. 303 _n._ 3;
as to the parallel between Easter and the rites of Attis, v. 310 _n._ 1;
on the martyrdom of St. Dasius, ix. 308 _sq._;
on a form of abjuration imposed on Jewish converts, ix. 393 _n._ 1

“Cup of offering,” viii. 184

——, sacred golden, i. 365

Cup-and-ball as a charm to hasten the return of the sun, i. 317

Cupid and Psyche, story of, iv. 131

Cups, special, used by girls at puberty, x. 50, 53

Cura, sacred grove of the Wotyaks at, ii. 145

Curative powers ascribed to persons born feet foremost, x. 295

Curcho, old Prussian god, viii. 133, 174 _n._

Cures based on principles of homoeopathic magic, i. 78 _sqq._;
effected by recalling the soul, iii. 42 _sqq._;
by means of knotted cords and threads, iii. 303 _sqq._;
by swinging, iv. 280 _sq._, 282;
by transferring the malady to things, animals, or persons, ix. 2 _sqq._;
by the expulsion of demons, ix. 109 _sqq._;
popular, prescribed by Marcellus of Bordeaux, x. 17

Curetes, their war-dance, vii. 13

Curland, Midsummer festival in, iv. 280

Curr, E. M., on the superstition as to personal names among the Australian
aborigines, iii. 320 _sq._

Curses, public, i. 45;
supposed beneficial effects of, i. 279 _sqq._;
uttered by Bouzygai, vii. 108

Cursing at Athens, ritual of, iii. 75

—— an enemy, Arab mode of, iii. 312

—— fishermen and hunters for good luck, i. 280 _sq._

—— a mist in Switzerland, x. 280

—— at sowing, i. 281

Curtains to conceal kings, iii. 120 _sq._

Curtiss, Professor S. I., on the head of the Babites, i. 402

Curtius, Quintus, on Alexander the Great’s cresset, ii. 264 _n._ 7

Curumbars, a tribe of the Neilgherry Hills, viii. 55

Cuscuses, souls of dead in, viii. 296, 298

Cushing, Frank H., on the killing of sacred turtles among the Zuñi, viii.
175 _sqq._

Custom more constant than myth, viii. 40

Customs of the Pelew Islanders, vi. 253 _sqq._, 266 _sqq._

Cut hair and nails, disposal of, iii. 267 _sqq._

Cuthar, father of Adonis, v. 13 _n._ 2

Cuts made in the body as a mode of expelling demons or ghosts, iii. 106
_sq._;
in bodies of manslayers, iii. 174, 176, 180;
in bodies of slain, iii. 176.
_See also_ Incisions, Scarification

Cutting or lacerating the body in honour of the dead, iv. 92 _sq._, 97

—— the hair a purificatory ceremony, iii. 283 _sqq._
_See also_ Hair

Cutting weapons planted in ground to repel the demon of smallpox, ix. 122

Cuttings for the dead, v. 268

Cuttle-fish presented to Greek infants, i. 156;
expiation for killing a, iv. 217

Cuzco, the temple of the Sun at, ii. 243, vii. 310;
its scenery, ix. 128 _sq._;
ceremony of the new fire in, x. 132

Cyaxares, king of the Medes, v. 133 _n._, 174

Cybele, her image carted about at Autun, ii. 144;
the image of, v. 35 _n._ 3;
her cymbals and tambourines, v. 54;
her lions and turreted crown, v. 137;
priests of, called Attis, v. 140;
the Mother of the Gods, v. 263;
her love for Attis, v. 263, 282;
her worship adopted by the Romans, v. 265;
sacrifice of virility to image of, v. 268;
subterranean chambers of, v. 268;
orgiastic rites of, v. 278;
a goddess of fertility, v. 279;
worshipped in Gaul, v. 279;
fasts observed by the worshippers of, v. 280;
a friend of Marsyas, v. 288;
effeminate priests of, vi. 257, 258

—— and Attis, i. 18, 21, 40, 41, v. 280, ix. 386

Cybistra in Cappadocia, v. 120, 122, 124

Cychreus, king of Salamis, bequeaths his kingdom to Telamon, ii. 278 _n._
2;
changed at death into a serpent, iv. 87

Cycle, the octennial, based on an attempt to reconcile solar and lunar
time, iv. 68 _sq._, vii. 80 _sq._;
apparently the period of certain kings’ reigns in ancient Greece, iv. 70
_sq._;
octennial festivals connected with the, iv. 87 _sqq._;
Olympiads originally based on the, iv. 89 _sq._, vii. 80;
antiquity of the octennial cycle in Greece, vii. 81 _sq._;
the cycle based on religious rather than practical considerations, vii.
82 _sq._

Cycle of thirty years (Druidical), xi. 77

Cycles of sixty years (Boeotian, Indian, and Tibetan), xi. 77 _n._ 1

Cyclopes, slaughter of the, iv. 78 _n._ 4

Cymbal, drinking out of a, v. 274

Cymbals in religious music, v. 52, 54

—— and tambourines in worship of Cybele, v. 54

Cyme, titular kings at, i. 46 _n._ 4

Cynaetha, in Arcadia, people of, massacre committed by the, iii. 188;
winter festival of Dionysus at, vii. 16 _sq._

Cynopolis, the cemetery of, vi. 90

Cypresses, sacred, in the sanctuary of Aesculapius at Cos, ii. 10;
in the sanctuary of Aesculapius at Titane, v. 81

Cypriote syllabary, v. 49 _n._ 7

Cyprus, grave of Aphrodite in, iv. 4;
Salamis in, iv. 166 _n._ 1;
natural riches of, v. 31;
Phoenicians in, v. 31 _sq._;
Adonis in, v. 31 _sqq._;
sacred prostitution in, v. 36, 50, 59;
Melcarth worshipped in, v. 117;
human sacrifices in, v. 145 _sq._;
the bearded Venus in, vi. 259 _n._ 3;
wild boars annually sacrificed in, viii. 23 _n._ 3

Cyrene, kingship at, i. 47;
the people of, their sacrifice to Saturn (Cronus), ix. 253 _n._ 3

Cyril of Alexandria on the festival of Adonis at Alexandria, v. 224 _n._ 2

Cyrus and Croesus, v. 174 _sqq._, ix. 391

Cythnos, Greek island, sickly children pushed through a hole in a rock in,
xi. 189

Cytisorus, son of Phrixus, iv. 162

Cyzicus, council chamber at, built without iron, iii. 230;
worship of the Placianian Mother at, v. 274 _n._;
bull-shaped image of Dionysus at, vii. 16;
vicarious sacrifice at, viii. 95 _n._ 2

Czech maidens, love charm practised by, on St. George’s Eve, ii. 345 _sq._

—— saying as to the dying, iii. 33 _n._ 3

—— villages of Bohemia, the Shrovetide Bear in the, viii. 326;
the Three Kings of Twelfth Night in, ix. 330 _sq._

Czechs of Bohemia, the Carrying out of Death among the, iv. 221;
the Corn-mother among the, vii. 132 _sq._;
cull simples at Midsummer, xi. 49

Dabelow, in Mecklenburg, precaution against witches on Walpurgis Night at,
ix. 163 _n._ 1

Daçaratha festival in India, iv. 124

Dacia, hot springs in, v. 213

Dacotas or Sioux, the, their fear of having their pictures taken, iii. 96;
custom observed by manslayers among, iii. 181;
avoidance of wife’s mother among, iii. 338;
their belief as to stepping over animals, iii. 423;
their theory of the waning moon, vi. 130;
ate the livers of dogs to make them brave, viii. 145;
their belief in the resurrection of dogs, viii. 256 _sq._;
ritual of death and resurrection among, xi. 268 _sq._

_Dad_ pillar. _See_ Ded pillar

Daedala, Boeotian festival of the Great, ii. 140 _sq._, xi. 77 _n._ 1

Daedalus, the artist, made a dance for Ariadne, iv. 71;
made a hollow cow for Pasiphae, iv. 71

Dag, an early king of the Shilluk, iv. 28

Dageon, fire kept up during king’s life in, ii. 261 _sq._

Dagobert, King, privilege granted by him to St. Romulus or St. Ouen, ii.
165

Dah River, in Ashantee, royal criminals drowned in, iii. 243;
annual ablutions in the, viii. 63

Dahomans, their annual festival of the dead, vi. 66

Dahomey, human wives of gods in, ii. 149;
royal criminals drowned or strangled in, iii. 243;
indifference to death in, iv. 138;
religious massacres in, iv. 138;
the Amazons of, viii. 149

——, the king of, iii. 374;
human victims drowned by, ii. 158;
not allowed to behold the sea, iii. 9;
not to be seen eating, iii. 118

——, kings of, their true names kept secret, iii. 374;
their “strong names,” iii. 374;
represented partly in human, partly in animal forms, iv. 85;
their human sacrifices, vi. 97 _n._ 7

——, Porto Novo in, annual expulsion of demons at, ix. 205

——, royal family of, iii. 243;
related to leopards, iv. 85

Dainyal, diviner or Sibyl, in the Hindoo Koosh, i. 383

Daira or Mahadev Mohammedans in Mysore, mock rite of circumcision among
the, iv. 220

Dairi, the, or Mikado of Japan, iii. 2, 4.
_See_ Mikado

Dairies, sacred, of the Todas, iii. 15 _sqq._

Dairy, mistletoe used to make the dairy thrive, xi. 86

Dairyman, sacred, of the Todas, iii. 15 _sqq._;
his custom as to the pollution of death, vi. 228;
bound to live apart from his wife, vi. 229

Daizan, king of Atrae, his treacherous daughter, x. 83

Dajang, Miss, a personification of the rice among the Battas, vii. 196

Dalai Lama of Lhasa, regarded as a living god, i. 411 _sq._;
his palace, i. 412

Dalarne, the Yule-ram in, viii. 328

Dalecarlia, observances at turning out the cattle to the summer pastures
in, ii. 342

Dalhousie Castle, the Edgewell Tree at, xi. 166

Dalisandos in Isauria, inscriptions at, vi. 213 _n._ 1

Dallet, Ch., on the Corean objection to put the face of the king on coins,
iii. 99

Dalmatia, rain-making in, i. 274;
belief as to the souls of trees in, ii. 14;
the Yule log in, x. 263

Dalsland, in Sweden, observances at turning out the cattle to graze in the
forest in, ii. 341 _sq._

Dalton, Colonel E. T., on mock human sacrifices among the Bhagats, iv. 217
_sq._;
on the fear of demons among the Oraons, ix. 92 _sq._;
on the annual expulsion of demons among the Hos of North-East India, ix.
136 _sq._

Dalyell, J. G., on Beltane, x. 149 _n._ 1

Dama, exorcism of demons of sickness in the island of, viii. 101 _sq._

Damara hunters, ceremony observed by, iii. 220

Damaras or Herero, their fire-customs, ii. 211 _sqq._;
their ceremony on return from a journey, iii. 112;
their mode of killing their cattle, iii. 247.
_See also_ Herero

Damascus, Aramean kings of, v. 15

Damasen, a giant, in a Lydian story, slays a serpent, v. 186

Damatrius, a Greek month, vi. 49 _n._ 1, vii. 46

Damba, island in Lake Victoria Nyanza, crocodiles sacred in, viii. 213

Damia and Auxesia, female powers of fertility at Troezen, i. 39

Dams, continence at making or repairing, iii. 202;
in Egypt, the cutting of the, vi. 31 _sq._, 37 _sq._, 39 _sq._

Damun, in German New Guinea, ceremony of initiation at, xi. 193

Danae, the story of, her impregnation by Zeus, x. 73 _sq._

Danakils or Afars of East Africa, their belief as to the rebirth of souls
of magicians, iv. 200

Danaus and the suitors of his daughters, ii. 301

Dance at giving of oracles, i. 379;
executed as tribute by a human god, i. 394;
of milkmaids on May-day, ii. 52;
to propitiate souls of slain foes, iii. 166;
of women on return of warriors, iii. 170;
at driving ghost into grave, iii. 373, 374;
of youths and maidens at Cnossus, iv. 75 _sq._;
of eunuchs in Corea, v. 270 _n._ 2;
of eunuchs at new moon, on the Congo, v. 271 _n._;
of hermaphrodites in Pegu, v. 271 _n._;
at harvest supper, vii. 134, 135, 145;
of harvesters with or round the last sheaf, vii. 135, 141, 145, 160,
219, 220, 294, 297;
of masked men before sowing, vii. 186;
of Dyaks to secure soul of rice, vii. 188 _sq._;
of old women as representatives of the corn-goddess, vii. 205;
Pawnee, before human sacrifice, vii. 238;
round skulls of human victims, vii. 241, 242;
round oak and goat-skin at harvest, vii. 288;
of executioners, viii. 63;
of Zulu king, viii. 66, 68, 69 _n._ 3;
of Pondo chief at festival of new fruits, viii. 67;
before the king at ceremony of first-fruits, viii. 70 _sq._;
of medicine-man, viii. 72;
at harvest festival of Indians of Alabama, viii. 72 _n._ 2;
of warriors at festival of first-fruits, viii. 74 _sq._, 79;
of men and women, by torchlight, at festival of first-fruits, viii. 79;
of Dacota warriors, viii. 145;
of Caffre girls after mock funeral of caterpillars, viii. 280;
at the burial of the wren, viii. 319;
on Twelfth Day, viii. 321;
of mummers at Carnival, viii. 333, 334;
of mummer wearing a horse-headed mask, viii. 338;
at cairns, ix. 29;
to ensure a supply of buffaloes, ix. 171;
to cause the grass to grow, ix. 238;
by men carrying a box and axes at Sipi in Northern India, x. 12;
of young women at puberty, xi. 183;
in the grave at initiation, xi. 237;
in honour of the big or grey wolf, xi. 276 _n._ 2.
_See also_ Dances

“Dance, the Angel,” viii. 328

——, Ariadne’s, iv. 77

——, the Green Corn, viii. 76

—— of King, iii. 123;
before the ghosts of his ancestor, vi. 192

——, the rattle-snake, to ensure immunity from snake-bites, i. 358

——, sacred, at the Sed festival, vi. 154

Dancers personate spirits, ix. 375

Dances, for rain, i. 250, 255, 268, 273, 274, 284, 284 n., iii. 154, iv.
32, 62, ix. 236 _sq._, 238;
for wind, i. 321;
as means of inspiration, i. 408 _n._ 1;
round sacred trees, ii. 47, 55;
at harvest, ii. 48;
round the May-pole, ii. 65, 67, 69, 74 _sq._;
round bonfires on the Eve of St. John (Midsummer Eve), ii. 65;
performed by parents of twins to fertilize gardens, ii. 102;
for a good harvest, ii. 106;
on graves, ii. 183 _n._ 2;
round an oak, ii. 371;
of manslayers, iii. 168;
of victory, iii. 169, 170, 178, 182;
at sowing, vii. 95, ix. 234 _sqq._;
at human sacrifices, vii. 246, 247;
at the reappearance of the Pleiades, vii. 307, 309, 311, 312, 317;
in imitation of totemic animals, viii. 76;
and processions in connexion with offerings of first-fruits, viii. 111,
113, 115, 116, 126, 131, 134;
of men personifying deities, viii. 179;
round dead tigers, viii. 216;
of the Koryak at the slaughter of bears or wolves, viii. 223;
in honour of slain leopards, viii. 228;
to amuse the souls of dead sea-beasts, viii. 248;
of the Karoks for salmon, viii. 255;
to make the crops thrive, viii. 326, 328, 330 _sq._, ix. 232 _sqq._,
347;
of mummers on Plough Monday, viii. 329 _sqq._;
at cairns, ix. 26, 29;
Etruscan, in time of plague at Rome, ix. 65;
at harvest, ix. 134;
at the expulsion of demons, ix. 139;
of the witches, ix. 162;
with burning besoms on fields to drive away witches, ix. 163;
of women at expulsion of demons, ix. 200;
of the Salii, ix. 232, 233;
of the Tarahumare Indians of Mexico, ix. 236 _sqq._;
taught by animals, ix. 237;
solemn Mexican, ix. 279, 285;
of Castilian peasants in May, ix. 280;
to make hemp grow tall, ix. 315;
round bonfires on the Eve of Twelfth Night, ix. 317;
in churches at the Festival of Fools, ix. 335, 336;
accompanying the Boy Bishop, ix. 338;
as dramatic performances of myths, ix. 375 _sqq._;
bestowed on men by spirits, ix. 375;
in imitation of animals, ix. 376, 377, 381, 382;
of fasting men and women at festival, x. 8 _sq._;
of Duk-duk society, x. 11;
of girls at puberty, x. 28, 29, 30, 37, 42, 50, 58, 59;
round bonfires, x. 108, 109, 110, 111, 114, 116, 120, 131, 142, 145,
148, 153 _sq._, 159, 166, 172, 173, 175, 178, 182, 183, 185,
187, 188, 189, 191, 193, 194, 195, 198, 246, xi. 2, 39;
of novices at initiation, xi. 258, 259.
_See also_ Dance

Dances, masked, of the Kayans at the festival of sowing, vii. 95 _sq._,
111, 186;
of the Kaua and Kobeua Indians of Brazil, vii. 111 _sq._;
of the Chambioa Indians of Brazil, viii. 208 _n._ 1;
at carnival, viii. 333, 334;
in ritual, of Demeter and Persephone, viii. 339;
of devil-dancers, ix. 38;
to promote fertility, ix. 236;
of savages, ix. 374 _sqq._;
supposed to be derived from guardian spirits, ix. 375 _sqq._;
to ensure good crops, ix. 382;
bull-roarers used at, xi. 230 _n._

Dances, Mexican, viii. 88;
solemn, ix. 280, 284, 286, 287, 288, 289;
of salt-makers, ix. 284

——, religious, of dancing girls in India, v. 61, 65;
of inspired novices on the Slave Coast, v. 68;
at festivals of the dead, vi. 52, 53, 55, 58, 59;
at the new moon, vi. 142

—— of Shrovetide Bear, viii. 325 _sq._

—— of women while men are away fighting, i. 131-134;
at bear-festival, viii. 185, 186 _sq._, 191, 195;
at catching a crocodile, viii. 211;
at slaughter of whales, viii. 232 _sq._

Dancing as a fertility charm, i. 137 _sqq._, ii. 106;
for salmon, viii. 255;
to obtain the favour of the gods, ix. 65, 236;
with the fairies at Hallowe’en, x. 227

—— -girls in India, harlots and wives of the gods, v. 61 _sqq._

Dandaki, King, and the ascetic, story of, ix. 41 _sq._

Dandelions gathered at Midsummer, xi. 49

Danes, female descent of the kingship among the, ii. 282 _sq._

Danger of being overshadowed by certain birds or people, iii. 82 _sq._;
supposed, of portraits and photographs, iii. 96 _sqq._;
supposed to attend contact with divine or sacred persons, such as chiefs
and kings, iii. 132 _sqq._, 138;
apprehended from women in childbed, iii. 150 _sqq._;
thought to attend women at menstruation, x. 94;
apprehended from the sexual relation, xi. 277 _sq._

Danger Island, snares set for souls by sorcerers in, iii. 69;
the Pleiades worshipped in, vii. 312

Danh-gbi, python-god, on the Slave Coast, v. 66

Danish magic of footprints, i. 211

—— story of a girl who was forbidden to see the sun, x. 70 _sqq._;
of the external soul, xi. 120 _sqq._

_Danserosse_ or _danseresse_, a stone in the wood of St. Antony near
Epinal, x. 110

Danube, worship of Grannus on the, x. 112

Danzig, disposal of cut hair at, iii. 276 _sq._;
the siege of, iii. 279 _n._ 4;
the last sheaf at harvest at, vii. 133, 218 _sq._;
the immortal lady of, x. 100

_Daphne gnidium_ gathered at Midsummer, xi. 51

Daphnephoria, Greek festival, ii. 63 _n._ 2.
_See_ Laurel-bearing

Daphnis and the magic knots, in Virgil, iii. 305

_Daphnis_, play by Sositheus, vii. 217

Dapper, O., on ritual of death and resurrection at initiation in the
Belli-Paaro society, xi. 257 _sqq._

Daramulun, a mythical being who instituted and superintends the initiation
of lads in Australia, xi. 228, 233, 237;
his voice heard in the sound of the bull-roarer, xi. 228.
_See also_ Thrumalun _and_ Thuremlin

“Darding Knife,” pretence of death and resurrection at initiation to the,
xi. 274 _sq._

Dardistan, custom of swinging in, iv. 279

Dards, their belief that a storm follows the troubling of a spring, i. 301

Darfur, power of extinguishing fire ascribed to chaste women in, ii. 240
_n._ 3;
tampering with a man’s shadow in, iii. 81;
the sultan of, veils his face, iii. 120;
etiquette at the court of the sultans of, iv. 39;
the people of, believe the liver to be the seat of the soul, viii. 147
_sq._

Dargle Vale, Whitsuntide custom at, ii. 103 _n._ 3

Darien, the Indians of, concealment of personal names among, iii. 325

Darius, King, would not pass through a gate over which was a tomb, iii.
257

“Dark” moon and “light” moon, ix. 140, 141 _n._ 1

Darling River, funeral custom of tribes on the, i. 90;
custom as to extracted teeth among the tribes of the, i. 176;
the Karamundi nation on the, i. 257;
tributaries of the, iv. 180;
the Ualaroi of the, xi. 233

Darma Rajah, Hindoo god, fire-festival in honour of, xi. 6

Darmesteter, James, on the Fravashis, vi. 67 _n._ 2;
his theory as to the date of the _Gathas_, vi. 84 _n._

Darowen, in Wales, Midsummer fires at, x. 201

Darwin, Charles, and Empedocles, viii. 306;
on the cooling of the sun, xi. 307 _n._ 1

Darwin, Sir Francis, on double-headed bust at Nemi, i. 42 _n._ 1;
on _rhamnus_ (buckthorn), ix. 153 _n._ 1;
on the Golden Bough, xi. 318, 319 _n._ 3

Dashers of churns, witches ride on, xi. 73 _sq._

_Dâsî_, dancing-girl in India, v. 63

Dasius, St., martyrdom of, ix. 308 _sqq._
_See_ St. Dasius

Dassera festival in Nepaul, iii. 316, ix. 226 _n._ 1;
swings and kites at the, iv. 277

Dastarkon in Cappadocia, Cataonian Apollo at, v. 147 _n._ 3

Date of Chinese festival changed, x. 137

Date month when date-palms are artificially fertilized, ii. 25

—— -palm, artificial fertilization of the, ii. 24 _sq._, ix. 272 _sq._

Dates forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, v. 280

Dathi, king of Ireland, and his Druid, x. 228 _sq._

Daughter of a god, v. 51

—— of a king, succession to kingdom by marriage with a, ii. 271, 277
_sqq._

—— -in-law, her name not to be pronounced, iii. 338;
in ritual, viii. 121 _sq._

Daughters of chiefs entrusted with the sacred fire among the Herero, ii.
215, 228

Dauphiné, the Bridegroom of the Month of May in, ii. 93;
the harvest Cat in, vii. 280 _sq._

Daura, a Hausa kingdom, sick or infirm kings killed in, iv. 35;
custom of succession to the throne in, iv. 201

David, King, his conquest of Ammon, iii. 273, v. 19;
and the brazen serpent, iv. 86;
in relation to the old kings of Jerusalem, v. 18 _sq._;
his taking of a census, v. 24;
as a harper, v. 52, 53, 54

—— and Goliath, v. 19 _n._ 2

—— and the King of Moab, iii. 273

—— and Saul, v. 21

Davies, J. Ceredig, as to witches in Wales, x. 321 _n._ 2

Davies, Professor T. Witton, on the date of the Book of Esther, ix. 360
_n._ 2

Davis, Mr. R. F., on harvest custom in Nottinghamshire, v. 238 _n._

Dawkins, R. M., on a carnival custom in Thrace, vii. 25 _n._ 4, 29 _n._ 2

Dawn of the Day, prayers of adolescent girls to the, i. 70, x. 50 _sq._,
53, 98 _n._ 1

——, the rosy, in mythology, i. 334

Dawson, James, on the difference of language between husbands and wives
among the aborigines of Victoria, iii. 347 _sq._;
on the constellations observed by the aborigines of Victoria, vii. 308;
on sex totems in Victoria, xi. 216

Day of Blood in rites of Attis, v. 268, 285

—— of Stones, in Behar and Bengal, i. 279

Days of the Cross in Esthonia, i. 325

De Barros, Portuguese historian, on the custom of killing kings at
Passier, iv. 51

De Goeje, M. J., on the rite of stone-throwing at Mecca, ix. 24 _n._ 1

De Groot, J. J. M., on the authority of the Chinese emperors, i. 416
_sq._;
on the Chinese belief in tree-spirits, ii. 14;
on the Chinese theory of names, iii. 390

De Mortival, Roger, on the Boy Bishop at Salisbury, ix. 338

D’Orbigny, A., on the division of labour between the sexes among the South
American Indians, vii. 120

De Plano Carpini, on the funeral customs of the Mongols, v. 293

De Ricci, S., on the Celtic month Equos, ix. 343 _n._

De Smet, J., on the sacrifice of a Sioux girl, vii. 239 _n._ 1

Dea Dia, a Roman goddess of fertility, vi. 239

Dead, hair offered to the, i. 31;
pretence of new birth at return of supposed dead man, i. 75;
belief of the Central Australian aborigines in the reincarnation of the,
i. 96;
homoeopathic magic of the, i. 147 _sqq._;
prayers and offerings to the, i. 163;
magic blent with the worship of the, i. 164;
making rain by means of the, i. 284 _sqq._;
the illustrious, represented by masked men, ii. 178;
thunder and lightning made by the, ii. 183;
taboos on persons who have handled the, iii. 138 _sqq._;
to name the dead a serious crime, iii. 352;
relations of the, change their names from fear of the ghost, iii. 356
_sqq._;
incarnate in their namesakes, iii. 365 _sqq._;
appear to the living in dreams, iii. 368, 374;
offerings of food to the, iii. 371, 372 _n._ 5, ix. 154;
deposited on platforms of sticks, iii. 372;
rebirth of the, iv. 70, vii. 85;
human blood offered to the, iv. 92 _sq._, 104;
incarnate in serpents, v. 82 _sqq._, xi. 211 _sq._;
cuttings for the, v. 268;
Osiris king and judge of the, vi. 13 _sq._;
the Egyptian, identified with Osiris, vi. 16;
magical uses made of their bodies, vi. 100 _sqq._;
the worship of the, founded on the theory of the soul, vii. 181;
the fear of the, one of the most powerful factors in religious
evolution, viii. 36 _sq._;
buried in the houses, viii. 115;
bones of the, viii. 153 _sq._;
mourners rub themselves with the fat or putrefying juices of the, viii.
162 _sq._;
food eaten out of the hand of the, ix. 44 _sq._;
worship of the, based on fear, ix. 98;
ghosts of the, periodically expelled, ix. 123 _sq._;
annual sacrifices in honour of the, ix. 148 _n._ 1.
_See also_ Ancestral spirits

——, communion with the, by means of food, viii. 154;
by swallowing their ashes, viii. 156 _sqq._

——, festivals of the, iii. 367, 371, v. 220, vi. 51 _sqq._, x. 223 _sq._,
225 _sq._;
at end of harvest, viii. 110;
bull-roarers sounded at, xi. 230 _n._

——, names of, tabooed, iii. 349 _sqq._;
not borne by the living, iii. 354

——, reincarnation of the, iii. 365 _sqq._, v. 82 _sqq._;
in Central Australia, i. 196;
in America, v. 91;
in Africa, v. 91 _sq._

——, sacrifices to the, i. 163, iii. 15, 88, 226 _sq._, iv. 92, 93, 94, 95,
97, xi. 178;
on their birthdays, i. 105

——, souls of the, trees animated by, ii. 29 _sqq._;
in certain fish, ii. 30;
all malignant, iii. 145;
associated with falling stars, iv. 64 _sqq._;
lodged in serpents, iv. 84;
received by their relations once a year, vi. 51 _sqq._, ix. 150 _sqq._;
invoked to make the crops thrive, vii. 104;
supposed to partake of new grain, viii. 64;
supposed to be in caterpillars, viii. 275 _sq._;
supposed to be in animals, viii. 285 _sqq._;
disembodied, dreaded, ix. 77;
sit round the Midsummer fire, x. 183, 184;
first-fruits offered to, xi. 243.
_See also_ Dead, spirits of the

——, spirits of the, the savage a slave to the, i. 217;
personated by living men, ii. 178, iii. 371, vi. 52, 53, 58;
in wild fig-trees, ii. 317, viii. 113;
thought to be incarnate in their namesakes, iii. 365 _sqq._;
supposed to influence the crops, vii. 104;
offerings to, for the sake of the crops, vii. 228;
give rain, viii. 109 _sq._;
first-fruits offered to, viii. 109 _sq._, 111 _sqq._, 115, 116, 117,
119, 121, 123, 124 _sqq._;
prayers to, viii. 112, 113, 124 _sq._;
omnipresent, in the Philippine Islands, ix. 82;
swarm in the air, in Timor, ix. 85;
purification of mourners intended to protect them against, ix. 105 _n._
1
_See also_ Ancestral spirits

——, worship of the, ix. 97; perhaps fused with the propitiation of the
corn-spirit, v. 233 _sqq._;
among the Bantu tribes of Africa, vi. 176 _sqq._

Dead body, Flamen Dialis forbidden to touch, iii. 14;
defilement caused by, vii. 74

—— kings and chiefs in Africa turn into lions, leopards, hyaenas,
hippopotamuses, etc., iv. 84;
dead kings in Africa worshipped, vi. 160 _sqq._

—— kings of the Barotse worshipped, vi. 194 _sq._; consulted as oracles,
vi. 195

—— kings of Egypt worshipped, i. 418, vi. 160

—— kings of the Shilluk worshipped, iv. 24 _sq._, vi. 161 _sqq._;
their spirits thought to possess sick people, iv. 25 _sq._;
incarnate in animals, vi. 162, 163 _sq._;
sacrifices offered to, vi. 162, 164, 166 _sq._

Dead kings of Sofala, annual obsequies for, iv. 201;
consulted as oracles, iv. 201

—— kings of Uganda consulted as oracles, i. 196, iv. 200 _sq._, vi. 167,
171, 172;
human sacrifices to, vi. 173

—— man’s hand used in magical ceremony, iv. 267 _n._ 1

—— men believed to beget children, v. 91, 264;
mutilated in order to disable their ghosts, viii. 271 _sqq._

—— One, the, name applied to the last sheaf, iv. 254

—— Sea, v. 23

—— Sunday, iv. 239;
generally the fourth Sunday in Lent, iv. 221;
also called Mid-Lent, iv. 222 _n._ 1

Deane, Mrs. J. H., viii. 319 _n._ 2

Dearth, chiefs and kings punished for, i. 352 _sqq._

Death, pretence of, in magic, i. 84;
infection of, i. 143;
at ebb tide, i. 167 _sq._;
puppet called, carried out of village, ii. 73 _sq._;
kept off by arrows, iii. 31;
mourners forbidden to sleep in house after a, iii. 37;
custom of covering up mirrors at a, iii. 94 _sq._;
from imagination, iii. 135 _sqq._;
sharp instruments tabooed after a, iii. 237, 238;
of the king of the Jinn, iv. 8;
preference for a violent, iv. 9 _sqq._;
European fear of, iv. 135 _sq._, 146;
indifference to, displayed by many races, iv. 136 _sqq._;
the “carrying out” of, iv. 221, 233 _sqq._, 246 _sqq._, ix. 227 _sq._,
230, 252, x. 119;
conception of, in relation to vegetation, iv. 252, 253 _sq._;
in the corn, iv. 254;
represented at the maize harvest by a child covered with maize leaves,
iv. 254;
and revival of vegetation, iv. 263 _sq._;
in the fire as an apotheosis, v. 179 _sq._;
the pollution of, vi. 227 _sqq._, viii. 85 _n._ 3;
banishment of the contagion of, ix. 37;
riddles propounded after a, ix. 121 _n._;
the funeral of, ix. 205;
savage tales of the origin of, ix. 302 _sqq._;
“the burying of,” x. 119;
omens of, xi. 54, 64;
customs observed by mourners after a death in order to escape from the
ghost, xi. 174 _sqq._;
identified with the sun, xi. 174 _n._ 1

——, the Angel of, iv. 177 _sq._

——, effigy of, feared and abhorred, iv. 239 _sq._;
potency of life attributed to, iv. 247 _sqq._;
burnt in spring fires, xi. 21 _sq._

—— of the Great Pan, iv. 6 _sq._

Death, the Lord of, viii. 103

——, natural, of sacred king or priest, supposed fatal consequences of,
iii. 6, 7;
regarded as a calamity, iv. 11 _sq._

—— and resurrection, of Kostrubonko at Eastertide, iv. 261;
annual, of gods, v. 6, vii. 1, 12 _sqq._, 15;
of Adonis represented in his rites, v. 224 _sq._;
of Attis, v. 272 _sq._, 306;
of Dionysus, v. 302 _n._ 4, vii. 14 _sq._;
coincidence between the pagan and the Christian festival of the divine,
v. 308 _sq._;
of Osiris dramatically represented in his rites, vi. 85 _sq._;
of Osiris interpreted as the decay and growth of vegetation, vi. 126
_sqq._;
drama of, at the Carnival, vii. 27 _sq._;
of Eabani, ix. 398 _sq._;
the ritual of, in initiatory ceremonies, xi. 225 _sqq._;
in Australia, xi. 227 _sqq._;
in New Guinea, xi. 239 _sqq._;
in Fiji, xi. 243 _sqq._;
in Rook, xi. 246;
in New Britain, xi. 246 _sq._;
in Ceram, xi. 249 _sqq._;
in Africa, xi. 251 _sqq._;
in North America, xi. 266 _sqq._;
traces of it elsewhere, xi. 276 _sq._

Debang monastery at Lhasa, ix. 218

Debden in Essex, May garlands at, ii. 60

_Debregeasia velutina_, used to kindle fire by friction, xi. 8

Debschwitz or Dobschwitz, near Gera, the custom of “driving out Death” at,
iv. 235

Debt of civilization to savagery, iii. 421 _sq._

Deccan, the Gaolis of the, vii. 7

Deceiving the spirits of plants and trees, ii. 22 _sqq._;
demons and ghosts by substituting effigies for living persons, viii. 94
_sqq._

December, the Saturnalia held in, ii. 311 _n._ 4, ix. 306, 307, 345;
the twenty-fifth of, reckoned the winter solstice and the birthday of
the Sun, v. 303 _sqq._;
annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 145;
custom of the heathen of Harran in, ix. 263 _sq._;
the last day of, Hogmanay, x. 266;
the twenty-first, St. Thomas’s Day, x. 266

Decle, L., on heaps of sticks or stones to which passers-by add, ix. 11
_n._ 1;
on a custom of the kings of Uganda, x. 4 _n._ 1

Decline of magic with the growth of religion, i. 374

—— of the civic virtues under the influence of Oriental religions, v. 300
_sq._

_Ded_ or _tet_ pillar, the backbone of Osiris, vi. 108 _sq._

Dedication of girls to the service of a temple, v. 61 _sqq._;
of men and women in Africa, v. 65 _sqq._;
of children to gods, v. 79

Dee, river in Aberdeenshire, holed stone in the, used by childless women,
v. 36 _n._ 4, xi. 187

_Deega_ marriage, ii. 271 _n._ 1

Deer, magic to attract, i. 109;
rule as to hamstringing, i. 115;
taboos observed during the hunting of, i. 122;
imitation of, as a homoeopathic charm, i. 155 _sq._;
descent of Kalamants from a, iv. 126 _sq._;
sacrificed instead of human beings, iv. 166 _n._ 1;
flesh of, eaten to prolong life or to avoid fever, viii. 143;
not eaten by warriors, viii. 144;
treated with respect by American Indians, viii. 240 _sqq._;
their bones not given to dogs, viii. 241, 242, 243;
Indian custom of cutting out the sinew of the thighs of, viii. 264
_sqq._;
souls of dead in, viii. 286, 293 _sq._

—— and the family of Lachlin, superstition concerning, xi. 284

Deer clan among the Moquis, viii. 178

—— -hoofs in homoeopathic magic, i. 155;
used to keep out ghosts, ix. 154 _n._

Deffingen, in Swabia, Midsummer bonfires at, x. 166 _sq._

Defiled hands, iii. 174.
_See_ Hands

—— persons not allowed to look at corn, ii. 112

Defoe, Daniel, on the Angel of the Plague, v. 24 _n._ 2

Dehon, P., on witches as cats among the Oraons, xi. 312

Deification of deceased mandarins, i. 415

Deified men, sacrifices of, ix. 409

Deir el Bahari, paintings at, ii. 131, 133

_Deiseal_, _deiseil_, _deisheal_, _dessil_, according to the course of the
sun, viii. 323, 324;
the right-hand turn, in the Highlands of Scotland, x. 150 _n._ 1, 154

Deities duplicated through dialectical differences in their names, ii. 380
_sq._
_See_ Gods

—— of vegetation as animals, viii. 1 _sqq._

Deity, savage conception of, different from ours, i. 375 _sq._;
communion with, viii. 325

Dejanira wooed by the river Achelous, ii. 161 _sq._

Delagoa Bay, the Baronga of, i. 152, 267 _sq._, vii. 114, viii. 280;
the Thonga of, x. 29

Delaware Indians, their respect for rattlesnakes, viii. 218;
their remedies for sins, ix. 263;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 54

Delbrück, B., on mother-kin among the Aryans, ii. 283 _n._ 5

Delena, in British New Guinea, evil magic at, i. 213

Delia, festival at Delos, i. 32 _n._ 2

Delian virgins and youths before marriage offer their hair on the grave of
dead maidens, i. 28

Delirium, supposed cause of, iii. 83

Delivery, easy, granted to women by Diana, i. 12;
by trees, ii. 57 _sq._;
charms to ensure women an, x. 49, 50 _sq._, 52;
women creep through a rifted rock to obtain an, xi. 189

Delmenhorst, in Oldenburg, Easter fires at, x. 142

Delos, graves of Hyperborean maidens in, i. 28, 33 _sqq._;
Apollo and Artemis at, i. 28, 32-35;
new fire brought from, i. 32, x. 138;
the temple at, not to be entered after drinking wine, iii. 249 _n._ 2;
Theseus at, iv. 75;
sacred embassy to, vi. 244;
the calendar of, viii. 6 _n._;
the Thesmophoria in, viii. 17 _n._ 2

Delphi, Apollo at, i. 28;
new fire sent from, i. 32 _sq._;
gold and silver offerings at, i. 32 _n._ 1;
the common hearth at, i. 33;
grave of Apollo at, i. 34;
ceremony performed by the king at, i. 45 _sq._;
slaughter of the python by Apollo at, iii. 223 _n._ 1;
tombs of Dionysus and Apollo at, iv. 3 _sq._, vii. 14;
festival of Crowning at, iv. 78 _sqq._;
sacred oak at, iv. 80 _sq._;
Apollo and the Dragon at, vi. 240;
perpetual fire at, xi. 91 _n._ 7;
the picture of Orpheus at, xi. 294;
Stheni, near, xi. 317

Delphic oracle, as to sacrifices to murdered Phocaeans, iv. 95;
on the cause of dearth, iv. 162;
as to first-fruits offered at Eleusis, vii. 55, 60;
on Athens as “the Metropolis of the Corn,” vii. 58

_Delphinium Ajacis_, the flower of Ajax, v. 314 _n._ 1

_Delubrum_, ancient explanation of the word, viii. 186 _n._

Demeter, her sacred caverns, v. 88;
sacred vaults of, v. 278;
sorrowing for the descent of the Maiden, vi. 41;
the month of, vi. 41;
mysteries of, at Eleusis, vi. 90;
at the well, vi. 111 _n._ 6;
identified with Isis, vi. 117;
mother of Dionysus by Zeus, vii. 14, 66;
Homeric Hymn to, vii. 35 _sqq._, 70;
her search for Persephone, vii. 36, 57;
institutes the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 37;
a personification of the corn, vii. 39, 40 _sq._;
etymology of her name, vii. 40 _n._ 3, 131;
distinguished from the Earth-goddess, vii. 41, 43, 89;
associated with the threshing-floor, vii. 41 _sq._, 43, 47, 61 _sq._,
63, 64 _sq._;
in art, vii. 43 _sq._, 67 _sq._, 88 _sq._;
offerings of first-fruits to, vii. 46 _sqq._;
surnamed Proerosia, vii. 51;
bestows corn on the Athenians and the Sicilians, vii. 54, 56 _sq._;
worshipped in Sicily, vii. 56 _sqq._;
sacrifices to her at sowing, vii. 57;
associated with seed-corn, vii. 58, 90;
her epithets, vii. 63 _sq._;
her image at Eleusis, vii. 64;
her intrigue with Zeus, vii. 66;
her love-adventure in the furrows of a thrice-ploughed fallow-field,
vii. 66, 69;
her ancient worship in Crete, vii. 131;
in relation to the pig, viii. 16 _sqq._;
horse-headed, of Phigalia, viii. 21, 338;
said to have eaten the shoulder of Pelops, viii. 263;
rustic prototype of, viii. 334;
her mourning for Persephone, ix. 349;
the torches of, x. 340 _n._ 1;
serpents in the worship of, xi. 44 _n._

Demeter, Black, vii. 263;
of Phigalia, viii. 21

—— the Corn Goddess, vii. 41 _sqq._, 56 _sqq._, 63 _sqq._, 77 _sq._

—— the Corn Mother, vii. 53, 58 _sq._, 75, 131, 184, viii. 334

—— and ears of corn, v. 166

——, Eleusinian, at Ephesus, i. 47

——, Green, vii. 42, 63, 89 _n._ 2, 263

—— and Iasion, vii. 208

—— and the king’s son at Eleusis, v. 180

—— and Persephone, vii. 35 _sqq._;
their myth acted in the mysteries of Eleusis, vii. 39, 187 _sq._;
resemblance of their artistic types, vii. 67 _sq._;
their essential identity, vii. 90;
associated with death and immortality, vii. 90 _sq._;
double personification of the corn as, vii. 208 _sqq._;
masked dance in rites of, viii. 339;
represented by maskers wearing the heads of animals, viii. 339

—— and Poseidon, v. 280

—— and the snake of Cychreus, iv. 87 _n._ 5

——, Yellow, vii. 41 _sq._

—— and Zeus, viii. 9;
their marriage at Eleusis, ii. 138 _sq._, vii. 65 _sqq._

Demeter’s corn, vii. 42

Demetrius Poliorcetes deified at Athens, i. 390 _sq._

Demnat, in the Atlas, New Year rites at, x. 217, 218

Democracy to despotism, social revolution from, i. 371

Democritus, on the generation of serpents, viii. 146;
on a cure for scorpion bite, ix. 50 _n._ 1

Demon supposed to attack girls at puberty, x. 67 _sq._;
festival of fire instituted to ban a, xi. 3.
_See_ Demons

Demon-worship, ix. 94, 96.
_See also_ Propitiation

Demonophobia in India, ix. 91

Demons, communion with, by drinking blood, i. 383;
of trees, ii. 33 _sq._, 35, 42;
abduction of souls by, iii. 58 _sqq._;
of disease expelled by pungent spices, pricks, and cuts, iii. 105 _sq._;
coco-nut oil a protection against, iii. 201;
infants exposed to the attacks of, iii. 235;
deceived by substitution of effigies for living persons, viii. 96 _sq._;
of disease exorcized by masked devil-dancers, ix. 38;
bunged up, ix. 61 _sq._; omnipresence of, ix. 72 _sqq._;
thought to cause sickness and disease, famine, etc., ix. 92, 94, 95,
100, 102, 103, 109 _sqq._;
propitiation of, ix. 93, 94, 96, 100;
religious purification intended to ward off, ix. 104;
public expulsion of, ix. 109 _sqq._;
of cholera, ix. 116, 117, 123;
men disguised as, ix. 170 _sq._, 172, 173, 213, 214, 235;
conjured into images, ix. 171, 172, 173, 203, 204, 205;
decoyed by a pig, ix. 200, 201;
put to flight by clangour of metal, ix. 233;
banned by masks, ix. 246;
exorcized by bells, ix. 246 _sq._, 251;
attack women at puberty and childbirth, x. 24 _n._ 2;
expelled at the New Year, x. 134 _sq._;
abroad on Midsummer Eve, x. 172;
ashes of holy fires a protection against, xi. 8, 17;
vervain a protection against, xi. 62;
guard treasures, xi. 65.
_See also_ Devil, Devils, _and_ Evil Spirits

Demons or ghosts averse to iron, iii. 232 _sqq._;
deceived by dummies, viii. 96 _sqq._;
repelled by gun-shots, viii. 99

Denderah or Dendereh, inscriptions at, vi. 11, 86 _sqq._, 89, 91, 130
_n._;
the hall of Osiris at, vi. 110;
sculptures at, vii. 260

_Dendit_ or _Dengdit_, “Great Rain,” the Supreme Being of the Dinkas, iv.
30, 32, viii. 40 _n._, 114 _n._ 2

Déné or Tinneh Indians, their dread and seclusion of menstruous women, x.
91 _sqq._;
the Western, tattooing among the, x. 98 _n._ 1
_See also_ Tinneh

_Denham Tracts_, on need-fire in Yorkshire, x. 287 _sq._

Denmark, precautions against witchcraft on Walpurgis Night in, ii. 54;
Whitsun bride in, ii. 91 _sq._;
oaks in the peat-bogs of, ii. 351;
the beechwoods of, ii. 351;
the Bronze Age in, ii. 351, 352;
the Iron Age in, ii. 352;
the Stone Age in, ii. 352;
the last sheaf at harvest in, vii. 139 _sq._, 231;
the Yule Boar in, vii. 300 _sq._;
fires on St. John’s Eve in, x. 171;
passing sick children through a hole in the ground in, x. 190, 191;
children passed through a cleft oak as a cure for rupture or rickets in,
xi. 170, 172

Dennett, R. E., on prince-consorts in Loanga, ii. 277 _n._ 1

_Deòce_, a divine spirit in the kingdom of Kaffa, i. 410

Departmental kings of nature, ii. 1 _sqq._

Deputy, the expedient of dying by, iv. 56, 160

Derbyshire, Plough Monday in, viii. 330 _n._ 1

Derceto, the fish goddess of Ascalon, v. 34 _n._ 3, ix. 370 _n._ 1

Dercylus, on Cadmus and the dragon, iv. 84 _n._ 4

Derry, the oaks of, ii. 242 _sq._;
the church of, ii. 363

Dervishes, inspired, i. 386;
the dancing, i. 408 _n._ 1;
revered in Syria, v. 77 _n._ 4;
of Asia Minor, v. 170

Descent of people from animals, viii. 25

—— of Persephone, vii. 46, viii. 17

Deslawen, village of Bohemia, expulsion of witches on Walpurgis Night at,
ix. 161

Despotic governments, the first advances made to civilization under, i.
218

_Dessil._ _See_ Deiseal

Deucalion at Hierapolis, v. 162 _n._ 2

Deuteronomic redactor, v. 26 _n._ 1

Deuteronomy (iv. 17 _sq._), prohibition of images of animals, i. 87 _n._
1;
(xxiii. 10, 11), as to custom in time of war, iii. 158 _n._ 1;
(xii. 31, xviii. 9-12), on the sacrifice of children by fire, iv. 168;
(xv. 19 _sq._), on the sanctification of the first-born, iv. 173 _n._ 1

——, publication of, v. 18 _n._ 3

Deutsch-Zepling in Transylvania, rule as to sowing in, vi. 133 _n._ 3

Deux-Sèvres, department of, Midsummer fires in the, x. 191;
fires on All Saints’ Day in the, x. 245 _sq._

_Dêvadâsî_ or _Dêvaratiâl_, dancing-girl in Travancore, v. 63 _sq._

Devil driven away by paper kites, ix. 4;
seen on Midsummer Eve, x. 208;
his partiality for mustard, x. 208;
brings fern-seed on Christmas night, xi. 289

Devil-dancers, inspired, worshipped as deities in Southern India, i. 382;
their exorcism of demons, iv. 216;
conjure demons of disease into themselves, ix. 38

—— -driving in Chitral, ix. 137

Devil’s bit, St. John’s wort, xi. 55 _n._ 2

—— Neck, the, ix. 16, 30

—— shoestring (_Tephrosia_) in homoeopathic magic, i. 144

Devils, abduction of souls by, iii. 58 _sqq._;
personated by men, ix. 235;
ghosts, and hobgoblins abroad on Midsummer Eve, x. 202.
_See_ Demons

Devonshire, cries of reapers in, vii. 264 _sqq._;
cure for cough in, ix. 51;
need-fire in, x. 288;
animals burnt alive as a sacrifice in, x. 302;
belief in witchcraft in, x. 302;
crawling under a bramble as a cure for whooping-cough in, xi. 180