Chapter CXXV: Conclusion (6)

Dead, regard for the, ch. xlv. (ii. **515-552);
human sacrifices to the, i. 26-28, 472-476, 486, ii. 234, 450,
451, 518;
vindictiveness of murdered, i. 232, 372, 375, 376, 378, 379,
406, 476, 481 _sq._, ii. 559 _sq._;
the property of the, i. 399, ii. 44, 518, 539 _sq._, see
Inheritance, Wills;
the treatment of old persons influenced by beliefs regarding
the, i. 620 _sq._;
interred in the field belonging to the family, ii. 66 n. ^1;
charms made from the bodies of the, ii. 204, 546;
offerings to the, ii. 302, 303, 400-404, 517, 518, 524, 539,
547 550, 692, 700, 701, 704, 708, _cf._ Alms;
polluting influence attributed to the, ii. 303, 537 _sq._;
marriages of the, ii. 400;
self-regarding pride attributed to the, ii. 519;
beliefs as regards the character and activity of the, ii.
528-535, 693;
fear of the, ii. 535-546, 548-550, 576;
believed to be easily duped, ii. 548;
worship of the, ii. 591, 596;
revenge taken by the living upon {843} the, ii. 692 _sq._;
supposed to be taken by the dead upon other, ii. 693 _sq._
See Annihilation, Burial, Cannibalism, Cremation, Funeral rites,
Future life, Future state, Mourning, Scalping, Suicide,
Transmigration, Vampires

Death, attributed to the influence of magic, i. 24, 29, ii. 534, 651;
self-mutilation after a, i. 26, 27, 476, ii. 524, 528, 544,
545, 547;
work suspended after a, ii. 283, 284, 306;
polluting influence ascribed to, ii. 283, 302-307, 416,
536-539, 544 _sq._;
to self-inflicted, ii. 257 n. ^5, 262;
to natural, ii. 416, 609;
fasting after a, ii. 298-308, 524, 544;
abstinence from cooking after a, ii. 304-306;
abstinence from sexual intercourse after a, ii. 306;
fear of, ii. 535 _sq._

Debtors, enslaved, i. 422, 675, 677, 680, 684, 688, 689, 691;
creditors starving themselves to death before the doors of
their, ii. 245

Debts, the owing of, ii. 93, 705

Deceit. See Truth, regard for

Deformed persons, religious veneration of, ii. 590

Deodand, i. 262-264, 308

Descent, the social influence of a common, ii. 198, 201-206, 220,
224, 227, 748;
congruity or discrepancy between the principle of local
proximity and the principle of, ii. 202, 219 _sq._
See Kinship

----, the system of tracing, connection between the authority
over children and, i. 597 _sq._;
supposed connection between the position of women and, i. 655 _sq._;
the rules of inheritance influenced by, ii. 44-47, 54;
the influence of local connections on, ii. 203, 368 _sq._;
difference between the notion of actual blood-relationship and,
ii. 205 _sq._;
connection between the blood-feud and, ii. 211, 748

Despotism, a cause of the severity of criminal codes, i. 193-196, 198;
a cause of deceitful habits, ii. 89, 130 _sq._;
politeness engendered by, ii. 152;
love of youths considered inimical to, ii. 478 _sq._

Determinism, i. 320-322, 325 _sq._

_Dharna_, the custom of sitting, ii. 245

Diet, restrictions in, ch. xxxvii, _sq._ (ii. 290-345).
See Food

Disease, cured by contact with a saint, i. 63;
transference of, i. 64 _sq._;
supposed to be caused by supernatural beings, i. 392 _sq._, ii.
592-594;
by the dead, ii. 535;
the future state of persons who have died of, i. 392, ii. 238
n. ^3, 698;
human flesh or blood partaken of as a remedy against, i. 401,
ii. 562, 564 _sq._;
human sacrifices offered for the purpose of curing, i. 446,
447, 454-457;
cured at cross-roads, ii. 256 n. ^2.
See Epidemics, Sick persons

Disinterested antipathies. See Antipathies

---- likings. See Likings

Disinterestedness, a characteristic of moral concepts, i. 101;
of the moral emotions, i. 102, 103, 107-122

Divorce, i. 514, 528, 630, 632, 638, 641, 646-654, ii. 192, 396-398, 455

Dog-fighting, ii. 509

Dogs, self-regarding pride in, i. 39, ii. 137 _sq._;
sympathetic resentment in, i. 112, ii. 52;
credited with a conscience, i. 249-251;
the killing of, considered polluting, i. 381 n. ^6;
fighting for their kennels or their prey, ii. 51;
supposed deceitfulness of, ii. 125;
abstinence from eating, ii. 330, 332;
taken for spirits in disguise, ii. 491;
regard for, ii. 493, 501, 705;
affection for, ii. 495 _sq._;
Erinyes of, ii. 504;
their fear of strange phenomena, ii. 583

Drink, as a conductor of curses, i. 586, 589-591, ii. 121, 208, 209, 567, 687-689

---- , intoxicating, prohibition of, i. 228, ii. 341-345;
abstained from after a death, ii. 302.
See Drunkenness, Intoxicants, Wine

_Droit d'aubaine_, ii. 49

Drowned persons, the future state of, ii. 238, 521, 678, 697 _sq._

Drunkenness, i. 310, ii. 338-344;
injuries committed in, i. 277-282, 306;
attributed to possession by a god or spirit, i. 278, 281, ii. 344

Duel, the, ch. xxi. (i. 497-510); i. 163, 306, ii. 9, 145, 449

"Duty," analysis of the concept, i. 134-137;
corresponding to a "right," i. 140 _sq._;
the relation between "virtue" and, i. 149 _sq._;
between "merit" and, i. 151

{844} Duty, the feeling of, as a motive, i. 283 _sq._

EAGLEHAWKS, abstinence from eating, ii. 326, 332

Earthly desires, sinfulness of, ii. 361-363

Eclipses, supposed connection between human activity and, ii. 284 _sq._;
fasting in connection with, ii. 309 _sq._;
of the moon, attributed to the influence of evil spirits, ii. 313

Education, a means of communicating resentment, i. 114 _sq._;
its influence on the regard for truth, ii. 124;
on moral ideas relating to self-regarding conduct, ii. 266-268;
leading to homosexual practices, ii. 468-470

Eggs, abstinence from, ii. 320, 325, 326, 329

Election, divine, the future state of men determined by, ii. 719 _sq._

Elephants, the feeling of revenge in, i. 37 _sq._;
abstinence from eating, ii. 329

Emasculation, as a punishment, i. 45, 521.
See Eunuch priests

Emigration, punished by law, ii. 175;
more injurious to the State than suicide, ii. 259

Emotions, moral judgments referring to, i. 215

Endogamy, ii. 378-382

Enemies, killing of, regarded as praiseworthy, i. 331-333;
the future state influence by the killing of, i. 332, 373, ii. 693;
hospitality towards, i. 576, 577, 587 _sq._
See Blood-revenge, Forgiveness, Revenge, War

Envy, a hindrance to sympathetic retributive kindliness, i. 129;
of gods, ii. 361, 714, 716

Epidemics, supposed to be caused by supernatural beings, i. 27,
ii. 592-594;
human sacrifices offered for the purpose of stopping or
preventing, i. 66, 441, 442, 449;
fasting during, ii. 315

Equinoxes, fasting at, ii. 309, 310, 312 _sq._

Equivalence, the rule of, i. 177-180;
i. 34, 35, 200, 217-219, 494, 496, 501, 511, 519 _sq._, ii. 233

Equivocation, ii. 100, 101, 117

Erinyes, i. 60, 379, 482, 561, 585, 623, 626, ii. 68, 504, 714, 715, 732

Ethics, the object of scientific, i. 18

Eucharist, the, i. 666, ii. 295, 415 n. **^8, 417, 480, 564;
the ordeal of, ii. 690

Eunuch priests, ii. 408, 414, 488 n. ^6

Evil, materialistic conception of, i. 56, 57, 457;
transference of, combined with a sacrifice, i. 62-65

---- eye, the, i. 561, 563, 584, 591-594, ii. 256 n. ^2, 354

---- spirits, lunatics supposed to be possessed with, i. 270,
274, 275, ii. 593;
intoxicated persons supposed to be possessed with, i. 281, ii. 344;
persecuting ghosts replaced by, i. 378 _sq._, ii. 493;
disease supposed to be caused by, i. 392 _sq._, ii. 592-594;
old women regarded as, i. 619;
burying apart of persons supposed to have been killed by, ii. 239;
eclipses of the moon attributed to the influence of, ii. 313;
water regarded as haunted by, ii. 355;
scourging as a means of driving away, ii. 358;
sacred words as a weapon against, ii. 418;
certain animals taken for, ii. 491;
butchers regarded as haunted by, ii. 493;
prevented from doing harm to the dead, ii. 523, 524, 544;
the ghosts of dead persons regarded as, ii. 531-534, 693;
places of striking appearance supposed to be haunted by, ii. 589;
unexpected events ascribed to the influence of, ii. 594;
taboos imposed upon the names of, ii. 640, 642;
magic practised with the assistance of, ii. 649 _sq._;
struggle of men and gods against, ii. 701, 702, 704-706, 729

Executioner, tribal, i. 174 _sq._;
the injured party acting as, i. 184 _sq._

Exogamy. See Incest

Expiation, ii. 356-361;
fasting as a means of, ii. 315-318;
vicarious, ii. 719 _sq._

Expiatory sacrifice, vicarious, i. 65-70, 438-440

Exposure of infants, i. 406-412;
a source of slavery, i. 689

FAITH, considered necessary for salvation, ii. 719-721, 725-727.
See Unbelief

Faithfulness. See Good faith

False accusation, i. 522, ii. 79, 80, 140-142

{845} False testimony, ii. 86 n. ^4, 91, 92, 96-98, 123 n. ^1, 717

Falsehood. See Truth, regard for

Family, the, i. 113, 533, 627 _sq._, ii. 195, 196, 198, 199, 202, 223;
the joint, i. 539 _sq._, ii. 213-216

Famines, human sacrifices offered in connection with, i. 442 _sq._;
cannibalism caused by, ii. 555, 577 _sq._
See Crops

_Fas_, i. 579 _sq._, ii. 717

Fasting, ii. 292-318;
enjoined by religion, i. 271, ii. 246, 292-298, 308-318, 358,
406, 725;
as a means of purification, i. 375, ii. 294-296, 358;
as a penance, ii. 246, 315-318, 406;
after a death, ii. 298-308, 524, 544

Fat, abstinence from, i. 187, 229, ii. 312

Fatalism, i. 323-326

Father, the, his authority over his children, ch. xxv. (i. 597-628);
permitted to punish his children with death, i. 393 _sq._;
to kill or expose his new-born children, i. 394-411;
to inflict corporal punishment upon his children, i. 513-515,
607, 610;
to sell his children, i. 599, 607, 609, 611, 612, 615, 675,
681, 682, 684, 685, 689, 691;
his affection for his children, i. 401, 402, 405, 529-533. ii.
187-190, 193, 397, 748;
obliged to protect and support his family, i. 526-533;
descent traced through, i. 655 _sq._, ii. 44-47, 54, 202, 203,
205, 206, 211, 220;
the son allowed to eat only certain foods after the death of,
ii. 301 _sq._
See Parents

Fear, i. 40 _sq._;
of death, ii. 535 _sq._;
as an element in the religious sentiment, ii. 612-614, 725;
of punishment in the future life, ii. 735

Females, the sexual impulse of, i. 657 _sq._, ii. 435

Feticide, i. 378, 408, 409, 413-417, ii. 705

Filial affection, i. 534-538, 618, 659, ii. 194, 748

---- reverence, i. 533-538, 600, 601, 607-613, 616-628, ii. 194

Firstborn child, the, all children killed except, i. 398;
killed, i. 458-460, ii. 562;
eaten, i. 458, ii. 562;
regarded as sacred, ii. 538 n. ^2

Firstborn son, the, sacrifice of, i. 457-461;
eaten, i. 458 _sq._;
considered identical with his father, i. 460;
fasting on the eve of Passover, ii. 296.
See Primogeniture

Fish, anger shown by, i. 22, ii. 51;
abstinence from eating, ii. 321, 322, 324 _sq._;
after a death, ii. 301;
deference shown for, ii. 492;
killing of, ii. 497 _sq._

Fishing peoples, the position of women among, i. 660;
slavery among, i. 672;
social aggregates of, ii. 198-200;
filthiness a characteristic of, ii. 349

Flagellation, ii. 294, 357-359

_Flagrante delicto_, offenders caught, i. 290-294, ii. 8, 13, 17, 18, 58, 429, 447

Food, prohibitory rules relating to, ch. xxxvii. _sq._ (ii.
290-345);
stealing of, i. 286, 287, 676, ii. 14, 15, 57 _sq._;
as a conductor of curses, i. 586-592, ii. 622-624;
detrimental to holiness, ii. 294-296;
the eating of certain kinds of, forbidden by gods, ii. 326, 33,
335, 671

Forbearances, i. 209, 210, 303-305

Foreigners, protected by the chief or king, i. 180, 181, 338;
killing of, i. 331-334, 337-34, 370, 371, 373;
sacrifice of, i. 467 _sq._;
infliction of bodily injuries upon, i. 519;
kindness to, i. 545, 556-558, 570-572, 581;
enslaving of, i. 674, 675, 689, 690, 691, 714 _sq._;
respect for the proprietary rights of, ii. 2, 11, 59;
demoralising influence of, ii. 2, 126-129, see White men;
robbery committed upon, ii. 20-25, 58 _sq._;
reduced to serfdom, ii. 24;
rules of inheritance relating to, ii. 49;
deceiving of, ii. 87, 88, 90, 94, 97, 112, 126-129;
duties to, ii. 166;
despised, ii. 171-174, 532;
disregard of their interests, ii. 176;
antipathy to, ii. 227;
marriages with, ii. 378, 381 _sq._;
eaten, ii. 554;
sacrilege committed by, ii. 648.
See Strangers

Forgery, punished with death, i. 187 _sq._;
with mutilation, i. 521

Forgiveness, i. 73-79, 84-88, 99, 311, 318, ii. 145, 360

Foundation sacrifices. See Buildings

Fowls, abstinence from eating, ii. 320-322, 325, 327, 329, 332;
affection for, ii. 495

{846} Foxes, abstinence from eating, ii. 327

Fraternal affection, ii. 194, 195, 748

---- duties, i. 538, ii. 748

Fraud. See Truth, regard for

Free love, ch. xlii. (ii. 422-455). See Unchastity

Freedmen, marriages with, i. 688, ii. 379;
not allowed to bring criminal charges against freeborn persons,
i. 697

Freedom, personal, i. 597, ii. 265

Free-will, moral valuation and, i. 320-326

Frogs, prohibition of eating, ii. 321

Funeral rites, ii. 519-528, 536-552;
the ordinary, denied to suicides, ii. 238, 248, 250, 252-254,
549.
See Blood (effusion of, at funerals; offered to the dead),
Burial, Cremation, Dead (human sacrifices to the; offerings to
the), Self-mutilation (after a death)

Future life, belief in retribution in a, among civilised races,
i. 258, 259, 519, 550-553, 555, 556, 579, 580, 625, 650, 683,
687, ii. 165, 284, 341, 417, 479, 497, 700, 705, 706, 708-713,
715, 716, 718-720, 725, 734 _sq._;
among uncivilised peoples, i. 403, 542-544, 578, ii. 59, 60,
69, 115, 271, 272, 671-681, 683-685, 690-695;
the belief in a, ii. 515 _sq._;
its influence on the notions concerning homicide, i. 382;
concerning the killing of old or sick persons, i. 390, 392;
concerning infanticide, i. 411 _sq._;
concerning feticide, i. 416 _sq._;
concerning suicide, ii. 235-237, 244, 253, 262.
See Dead

---- state, the, of persons who have been struck by lightning, i.
26, ii. 544, 549, 697 _sq._;
who have not slain any enemies, i. 332;
who have slain enemies, i. 373, ii. 693;
who have died of old age, i. 390, ii. 235, 238 n. ^3, 698;
of disease, i. 392, ii. 238 n. ^3, 698;
by violence, i. 481 _sq._, ii. 237-239, 242;
by accident, ii. 238, 239, 241;
by starvation, ii. 238 n. ^3;
who have committed suicide, ii. 235-239, 242-244, 246, 253,
262, 694, 710;
who have been killed in war, ii. 237, 521, 694, 697, 704, 708;
who have been drowned, ii. 238, 521, 678, 697 _sq._;
who have suffered pain in this life, ii. 360;
who have died unmarried and childless, ii. 399-404;
who have refrained from connections with women, ii. 414 _sq._;
who have committed perjury, ii. 715 _sq._;
of women, i. 662 _sq._, ii. 673;
of women who have died in childbirth, ii. 238 n. ^3, 678;
of children, ii. 673, 727;
of unbaptised children, i. 411, 412, 416 _sq._, ii.
721-723;
of the heathen, ii. 720 _sq._;
influenced by human sacrifices offered to the dead, i. 472-476,
ii. 518;
by the mutilations and self-bleedings of mourners, i. 476, ii. 547;
by knowledge of religious truth, ii. 132-134, 719-721,
725-727;
by the treatment of the dead person's corpse, ii. 238, 521-523,
546, 548, 694, 704;
by offerings made to the dead, ii. 400-404, 517, 518, 524, 539,
692, 700, 701, 704, 708;
by alms given on behalf of the dead, ii. 550-552;
by prayer on behalf of the dead, ii. 552;
by curses, ii. 692, 693, 708, 709, 715 _sq._;
by rank, ii. 698;
by magical practices, ii. 700, 701, 706, 709, 710, 712;
by vicarious expiation, ii. 719 _sq._;
by divine election, ii. 719 _sq._;
by faith, ii. 719-721, 725-727;
by sacramental grace, ii. 719 _sq._, by baptism, ii. 721-723

GENERALITY, the moral emotions characterised by a flavour of, i. 104, 105, 107, 117-123

Generosity, charity and, ch. xxiii. (i. 526-569)

Gifts, blessings pronounced by recipients of, i. 561-565;
the danger of accepting, i. 593 _sq._

Girls, at puberty, ii. 307 _sq._

Gluttony, ii. 290 _sq._

Goat-dung, a means of purification, i. 376

-----flesh, abstinence from, ii. 322, 332

"God," definition of the term, ii. 602

Goddesses, jealous of the chastity of their priests, ii. 414

Gods, duties to, ch. xlviii. _sq._ (ii. 602-662);
as guardians of morality, chs. l.-lii. (ii. 663-737);
punish innocent persons in consequence of the sins of the
guilty, i. 48-72, ii. 660;
punish unchastity, i. 49, ii. 675;
curses personified {847} and elevated to the rank of
supernatural agents or, i. 60, 379, 482, 561, 585, 623, 624, 626,
ii. 68, 116, 715, 732;
human sacrifices offered to, i. 62, 63, 65, 66, 339, 434-472,
ii. 295, 296, 419, 559, 562, 563, 579, 651, 697;
reward undeserving persons in consequence of the merits of
others, i. 96-99, ii. 660;
connection between the severity of punishment and the belief
in, i. 193-198;
disobedience to, i. 194-198, ii. 659 _sq._;
revengeful feelings attributed to, i. 194, 198, 438-440, 471
_sq._, ii. 660, 661, 667, 668, 702, 714;
attach undue importance to the outward aspect of conduct, i.
227-231, 233-235, ii. 714;
judge upon human actions without much regard to their motives,
i. 299-302;
punish homicide, i. 378-380, ii. 669, 672, 676, 684, 686, 700,
714, 717, 732;
curses transformed into attributes of, i. 379, 561, 562, 585,
624, ii. 68, 116, 715;
blood pollution shunned by, i. 380-382;
enjoin or approve of charity, i. 549-558. 561-569, ii. 669,
672, 699, 705, 711, 717, 718, 725, 726, 732;
appealed to in curses or oaths, i. 561, 564 _sq._, ii. 66, 67,
120-123, 658, 686-690, 699, 731 _sq._;
in blessings, i. 562, 564 _sq._, ii. 686, 731;
enjoin hospitality, i. 578-580, ii. 669, 711, 714, 717, 718,
726, 732;
exposed to the curses of men, i. 585, ii. 618-624, 636, 638,
656-659, 700;
protect refugees, i. 585, ii. 629-633, 636, 638, 714;
enjoin regard for parents, i. 610, 624, ii. 711, 714, 717, 732;
punish abandoning of old persons, i. 620;
punish disrespect for chiefs, i. 626;
women shunned by, i. 664-666;
guardians of property, ii. 59-69, 669, 675-677, 679, 684, 686,
699, 700, 705, 714, 717, 732;
guilty of falsehood, ii. 94, 95, 98;
guardians of truth and good faith, ii. 96, 114-123, 128, 129,
669, 672, 675-677, 684, 686, 699, 700, 703-705, 707, 711, 714,
717, 726, 732;
perjury regarded as an offence against, ii. 122, 122 _sq._ n. ^10;
perjury punished by, ii. 123 n. ^1, 684, 686, 714;
condemn pride, ii. 144 _sq._;
different, fused into one, ii. 225 _sq._;
approve of suicide, ii. 236, 244, 261;
suicide offensive to, ii. 237, 243, 245-249, 251-254, 260, 263;
agriculture pleasing to, ii. 275, 277;
commend industry, ii. 275, 280, 281, 675, 705;
require pure sacrifices, ii. 295 _sq._;
prohibit the eating of certain foods, ii. 326, 330, 335 671;
disapprove of abstinence from intoxicating drink, ii. 339;
disapprove of drunkenness, ii. 342;
demand ceremonial cleanliness, ii. 352, 353, 700 n. ^5, 705,
718, 726;
punish ablutions, ii. 355;
self-mortification pleasing to, ii. 356-361, 421;
exciting the compassion of, ii. 361;
envious of men, ii. 361, 714, 716;
punish incest, ii. 375, 376, 671;
women married to, ii. 412-414;
sexual **pollution shunned by, ii. 418;
addicted to homosexual practices, ii. 472, 474;
eating of, ii. 563 _sq._, see Totem;
the tendency to make them more and more perfect, ii. 599, 600,
730, 731, 733 _sq._;
not necessarily immortal, ii. 602 _sq._;
killing of, ii. 602-610, 753 _sq._, see Totem;
punished by men, ii. 610;
subject to human needs, ii. 610 _sq._;
sacrifices to, ii. 611-626, see Sacrifice;
fear of, ii. 612-614, 725;
malevolent, ii. 613, 665-667, 706, 707, 709, 714, 716, 728,
729, 733;
benevolent, ii. 613-615, 667-669, 697-708, 712, 713, 716, 725,
728, 729, 731;
assistance expected from, ii. 614-616;
gratitude to, ii. 615 _sq._;
property of, ii. 626 _sq._;
self-regarding pride of, ii. 639-655;
blasphemy against, ii. 639, 640, 719;
taboos imposed upon the names of, ii. 640-643;
intolerance of, ii. 643-647, 649, 650, 652;
tolerance of, ii. 647-649, 652 _sq._;
free from human weaknesses, ii. 652;
prayers to, ii. 653-659, see Prayer;
priests regarded as manifestations of, ii. 657, 709;
the communal character of the relations between men and their,
ii. 661;
selection of, ii. 662, 729 _sq._;
punish transgressions of custom, ii. 670, 728;
punish bad behaviour towards old and sick persons, ii. 672, 675;
punish adultery, ii. 675, 676, 684, 686, 700, 717;
love justice, ii. 675, 684, 686, 699, 700, 703, 704, 732;
approve of valour, ii. 679;
fighting against evil {848} spirits, ii. 701, 702, 704-706, 729;
invoked by thieves, ii. 733.
See Guardian spirits, Religion, Supernatural beings, Supreme
beings, Totem

"Golden rule, the," i. 102 _sq._

"Good," analysis of the concept, i. 145-147

"---- deeds," i. 299-302

Good faith, regard for truth and, ch. xxx. _sq._ (ii. 72-131)

Gratitude, i. 21, 42, 43, 93, 94, 318, 319, 538, 618, ii. 154-166;
to gods, ii. 615 _sq._

Greetings, i. 590-592, ii. 146, 147, 149-151

Gregarious instinct, the, ii. 197 _sq._

Gregariousness, i. 94, 95, 113, ii. 195-197. 748

Grief, expressions of, ii. 283, 308, 316, 528

Group marriage, ii. 387, 392-396, 752

Guardian spirits, i. 373, 464 _sq._, ii. 210, 406, 528-531, 588, 666, 668, 669, 675, 676, 702

HABIT, the influence of, on moral ideas, i. 159, 160, 402, 533, 559, 646, ii. 52, 125-131, 146, 185, 272, 335, 343, 351, 392, 440, 441, 455, 471, 484, 509, 577, 578, 580; on the authority of the law, i. 163 _sq._

Hair, conditional curses seated in the, i. 57 _sq._

Handicraft, moral valuation of, ii. 273, 274, 278-280, 282 _sq._

Handshaking, ii. 150, 151, 623 _sq._

Happiness, regard for other persons' ch. xxxiii. (ii. 153-185);
for one's own, ii. 265

Hares, abstinence from eating, ii. 333 _sq._

Head-hunting, i. 333, 373, 544

Heedlessness, i. 211, 305-310

Hell, notions about, ii. 60, 284, 417, 672, 674, 675, 677, 678, 683, 692, 706, 723, 724, 727

Heresy, ii. 646 _sq._;
punishment of, i. 47, 50, 245, 493;
considered a legitimate cause of war, i. 349-352, 359;
judicial torture in cases of, i. 523;
a bar to intermarriage, ii. 380 _sq._;
homosexual practices associated with, ii. 486-489;
the future state influenced by, ii. 721

Holiness, must not be defiled by curses or oaths, i. 58, 625, ii. 638;
by blood, i. 380-382;
by women, i. 664-666;
by food, ii. 294-296;
by certain kinds of food, ii. 322;
by intoxicating drink, ii. 344 _sq._;
by sexual pollution, ii. 415-420, 752;
very susceptible to any polluting influence, ii. 352, 353,
608-610;
objects endowed with, must not be appropriated for ordinary
purposes, ii. 627 _sq._;
a god's, polluted by his name being mentioned in profane
conversation, ii. 643;
attributed to sacrificial victims, i. 63, 65, 69, 444-447, ii.
563, 625, 658;
its magic virtue transferred by contact, i. 63-65, 69, 444-446,
ii. 605, 606, 625, 754;
by eating, i. 446, ii. 562-564, 605, 625;
by sexual intercourse, i. 593, ii. 444-446, 488;
looked upon as a transferable entity, i. 586, ii. 607-610, 754;
contact with, regarded as dangerous, ii. 538 n. ^2
See Sacred places

Home, love of, ii. 167-169, 179 _sq._

Homestead, sanctity of the, i. 587, ii. 635 n. ^4

Homicide, in general, chs. xiv-xvi. (i. 327-382);
punished with death i. 171, 172, 187, 189, 491, 492;
considered polluting, i. 225, 232, 233, 375-382, ii. 256 _sq._
n. ^2, 262, 714;
stigmatised by religion, i. 345, 346, 378-380, 382, ii. 669,
672, 676, 684, 686, 700, 705, 714, 716 n. ^2, 717, 732;
the influence of rank on the criminality of, i. 430-433;
duels in cases of, i. 501 _sq._
See Blood-revenge, Compensation for homicide, Duel, Head
hunting, Human sacrifice, Killing, Manslaughter, Manslayers,
Punishment of Death, War

Homosexual love, ch. xliii. (ii. 456-489), 752 _sq._

Honey, abstained from after a death, ii. 301

Honour, duels of, i. 498-503, 507-510;
respect for other men's, ii. 137-143

Hope, as an element in religion, ii. 614, 735;
in rewards after death, ii. 735

Horses, stealing of, i. 187 _sq._, ii. 14;
abstinence from the flesh of, ii. 322, 335

Hospitality, ch. xxiv. (i. 570-596); i. 333, 340, 540, 542, 543,
545, 548, 549, 555;
enjoined by religion, i. {849} 578-580, ii. 669, 711, 714, 715,
717, 718, 726, 732

Houses, stealing from, i. 187 _sq._, ii. 15, 16, 58, see Burglary; asylums, i. 587, ii. 630, 635 n. ^4, 636 _sq._

Human effigies, sacrifice of, i. 468-470, 475

---- sacrifice, ch. xix. (i. 434-476); i. 26-28, 62, 63, 65-67,
339, 486, ii. 234, 295, 296, 419, 450, 451, 518, 579, 651, 697;
the execution of blood-revenge a kind of, i. 476, 481 _sq._;
suicide as a kind of, ii. 234-236;
combined with cannibalism, ii. 559, 562 _sq._

Humility, ii. 144-146;
sacrifice as a symbol of, ii. 625 _sq._

Hunting peoples, vegetable food provided by the women among, i.
634, ii. 273;
the position of women among, i. 660 _sq._;
slavery hardly known among, i. 672;
social aggregates of, ii. 198-200;
the form of marriage among, ii. 389 _sq._

Husbands, their power over their wives, ch. xxvi. (i. 629-669);
wives punished if convicted of a design to kill their, i. 245;
crimes committed by wives in the presence of their, i. 284;
killing their wives, i. 418, 419, 631;
wives killing their, i. 419 _sq._;
wives sacrificed on the death of their, i. 472-474, ii. 450 _sq._;
wives committing suicide on the death of their, i. 473 _sq._,
ii. 232, 234, 235, 241, 242, 244, 247;
inflicting bodily injuries upon their wives, i. 514-516, 631;
their duty to protect and support their wives, i. 526-529, 532 _sq._;
lending their wives to guests, i. 575, 593;
living with their fathers-in-law, i. 601, 656 _sq._, ii. 202, 203;
curses of, i. 626;
selling their wives as slaves, i. 675. 684;
belief in a mysterious bond of sympathy between wives and, ii. 205;
wives fasting on the death of their, ii. 298-301;
adultery committed by, ii. 397, 451-455;
eating their wives, ii. 555.
See Marital affection, Marriage, Widowers

IDIOTS, injuries committed by, i. 269-273, 275;
objects of religious reverence, i. 270 _sq._;
kindness to, i. 547

Idleness, ii. 268-277, 281 _sq._;
a cause of uncleanliness, ii. 350 _sq._

Illegitimate children, rules of inheritance relating to, i. 47,
ii. 46, 48, 49, 56 _sq._;
treatment of, i. 47, ii. 431, 439;
sacrifice of, i. 467

Impartiality, apparent, a characteristic of the moral emotions, i. 103, 104, 107, 117-122

Inanimate things, revenged upon or punished, i. 26, 27, 260-264, 308;
retributive emotions evoked by, i. 26, 27, 260-264, 315, 318;
conceived as animate, i. 27, 263, ii. 595;
moral praise and blame not applied to, i. 319

Incantations, ii. 656-659

Incest, prohibition and horror of, i. 174. 175, 177, 197. 492, ii. 364-378, 747-752; stigmatised by religion, ii. 375, 376, 671

Indemnification, i. 168, 169, 308 _sq._ See Compensation

Independence, love of national, ii. 170, 175

"Indifferent, the morally," i. 154-157

Industry, ii. 268-282;
commended by religion, ii. 275, 280, 281, 675, 705;
cleanliness promoted by, ii. 35

Infanticide, i. 378, 394-413, 633, ii. 562;
supposed relationship between the social reaction against
homosexuality and against, ii. 484, 485, 752 _sq._

Infants, exposure of, i. 406-412;
a source of slavery, i. 689.
See Infanticide

Inheritance, rules of, ii. 44-49, 53-57

Initiation ceremonies, instituted by the All-father, ii. 671

"Injustice," analysis of the concept, i. 141-145

Injustice, punished by the supreme being, ii. 675

"Instinct," the meaning of the word, ii. 374 n. ^2

Insults, i. 39, 502, 503, 509, 510, 524 _sq._, ii. 110,
138-143;
to the dead, ii. 519;
to gods, ii. 639-652

Intellectual disability, agents under, ch. x. (i. 249-282)

Intemperance, ii. 290 _sq._

Intentions, i. 204-206, 212 _sq._;
punishment of bare, i. 244 _sq._

Intolerance, religious, ii. 643-653

{850} Intoxicants, religious, veneration of, ii. 591 _sq._
See Drink, intoxicating; Drunkenness; Wine

Inversion, sexual, ii. 465-470, 752 _sq._

JEALOUSY, ii. 387, 389, 449, 450, 751

_Jinn_ (_jnûn_), i. 378, 379, 619, ii. 355, 493. 589, 593-594, 640, 642, 650

Joint family, the, i. 539 _sq._, ii. 213-216

"Judgment of God," war looked upon as a, i. 358, 360;
the duel as a, i. 504-507.
See Ordeals

_Jus primæ noctis_, ii. 395, 752

"Justice," analysis of the concept, i. 141-145

Justice, the sense of, among savages, i. 124, 126-129;
loved by gods, ii. 675, 684, 686, 699, 700, 703, 704. 732

_Karma_, ii. 711

Killing, in self-defence, i. 288-290;
of foreigners, i. 331-334, 337-34, 370, 371, 373;
of enemies, i. 331-333, 373, ii. 693;
of slaves, i. 378, 421-429, 696, 707;
of infants by their parents, i. 378, 394-413, 633, ii. 562;
of human embryos, i. 378, 408, 409, 413-417, ii. 705;
of parents by their children, i. 383-386, 522, ii. 256 _sq._ n. ^2;
or abandoning of aged parents, i. 386-390, 606, 607, 612, 620;
or abandoning of sick persons, i. 391-393, ii. 542;
of grown-up children by their parents, i. 393 _sq._, ii. 256
_sq._ n. ^2;
of wives by their husbands, i. 418, 419, 631;
of women, i. 418-421;
of husbands by their wives, i. 419 _sq._;
of freemen by slaves, i. 429, 430, 491 n. ^5;
of chiefs, i. 430;
of the firstborn child, i. 458-460, ii. 562;
of the firstborn son, i. 458-461;
of departed souls, ii. 516 _sq._;
of divine beings, ii. 602-610, 753 sq.;
of disappointing magicians, ii. 609.
See Blood-revenge, Compensation for homicide, Duel, Head
hunting, Homicide, Human sacrifice, Manslaughter, Manslayers,
Punishment of death, Suicide, War

Killing of animals, ch. xliv. (ii. 490-514);
in consequence of harm done by them, i. 26, 27, 251-260;
of sacred animals, i. 227, ii. 603-606, 609;
of totem animals, ii. 210, 603, 604, 606;
of vermin, i. 26, 27, 251;
dogs, i. 381 n. ^6, ii. 501;
monkeys, ii. 329, 490, 513;
buffaloes, ii. 330;
sheep, ii. 330;
cattle, ii. 330, 493 _sq._;
cows, ii. 330, 331, 497;
the ploughing ox, **ii. 330, 331, 493. 494, 504;
calves, ii. 331;
bees, ii. 490;
pigeons, ii. 490;
storks, ii. 490;
swallows, ii. 490;
ravens, ii. 491;
toads, ii. 491;
fish, ii. 497 _sq._
See Sacrifice

King, the, tied by custom, i. 161 _sq._;
the poor and the weak protected by, i. 180 _sq._;
the right of pardon a prerogative of, i. 192, 196, 226;
an object of religious veneration, i. 194, ii. 606-610, 754;
homicide committed by the command of, i. 285;
strangers protected by, i. 338;
homicide regarded as an injury inflicted upon, i. 374;
sacrificed, i. 443, 466;
human sacrifices offered for the purpose of saving the life of,
i. 454-457, 466;
proprietary rights of, ii. 33;
loyalty to, ii. 180, 182;
suicide regarded as an offence against, ii. 240, 263 n. ^1;
taboos imposed upon, ii. 287 _sq._, 407, 418;
the custom of shutting up doors used by, ii. 538 n. ^2;
cannibalism as a duty incumbent upon, ii. 558;
killing of, ii. 606-610, 753 _sq._;
his burial place an asylum, ii. 630;
his house an asylum, ii. 636;
his person an asylum, ii. 636 _sq._;
swearing on the life of, ii. 637;
criminals prevented from cursing, ii. 637;
curses pronounced by, ii. 703

Kinship, mutual assistance imposed as a duty by, i. 538-540;
the social influence of, ii. 198, 201-206, 220, 224, 227, 748.
See Descent

Knots, magic, ii. 585, 619, 652

Knowledge, regard for, ii. 131-136;
of religious truth, influencing the future state, ii. 132-134,
719-721, 725-727

Known concomitants of acts, i. 212-214, 249

LABOUR, ii. 268-283;
the division of, between the sexes i. 633-637, ii. 271;
property acquired by, ii. 41-43, 53, 69-71;
suspension of, {851} on various occasions, ii. 283-289;
temporarily forbidden to men who have eaten human flesh, ii. 575

_L-[(]ahd_, ii. 623 _sq._

Lamentations at funerals, ii. 524, 528, 541 _sq._

Landmarks, removing of, i. 186, ii. 60, 61, 67-69, 703, 714, 717

Language, as a communicator of moral emotions, i. 115-117;
as an expression of moral concepts, i. 131-133;
the influence of a common, ii. 167, 170, 181;
as an emblem of nationality, ii. 224 _sq._

_L-[(]âr_, i. 57, 58, 566, 586, 587, 591, ii. 584-586, 618-620, 623, 638

Laws, customs and, as expressions of moral ideas, ch. vii. (i. 158-201); their relations to customs, i. 163-166

Lent fast, ii. 295, 308 _sq._

Levirate, the, i. 528

_Lex talionis_. See Equivalence, the rule of

Libel, i. 522, ii. 96, 141

Lightning, persons struck by, i. 26, ii. 239, 544, 549, 697 _sq._

Likings, disinterested, i. 117, ii. 16, 58, 185, 227, 261, 262, 266, 267, 744-746

_Limbus_, ii. 722

Lions, their fear of strange phenomena, ii. 583

Love. See Affection, Free love, Homosexual love

Loyalty, ii. 180, 182

Lunacy, attributed to demoniacal possession, i. 270, 274 _sq._,
ii. 593;
to malignant magical agency, i. 317, ii. 531 _sq._;
regarded as a divine punishment, i. 274 _sq._;
as a punishment inflicted by a saint, ii. 628

Lunatics, injuries committed by, i. 189, 269-277, 298, 299, 316,
317, 319;
objects of religious reverence, i. 270 _sq._, ii. 590;
burned as witches, i. 273

Luxury, ii. 266

Lying. See Truth, regard for

Lynching, i. 91

MADNESS. See Lunacy

Magic, regarded as a cause of death, i. 24, 29, ii. 534, 651;
as a cause of lunacy, i. 317, ii. 531 _sq._;
expertness in, attributed to strangers, i. 584;
to old persons, i. 619 _sq._;
to women, i. 620, 666-668;
the position of slaves influenced by the dread of, i. 716;
fasting in connection with, ii. 293 _sq._;
definitions of, ii. 584, 753;
attitude of religion towards, ii. 649, 650, 652, 753;
its influence on moral ideas, ii. 696;
supposed to influence the future state of men, ii. 700, 701,
706, 709, 710, 712.
See Blessings, Blood, Charms, Cross, Cross-roads, Curses,
Evil eye, Knots, _L-[(]ahd_, _L-[(]âr_, Magicians, Oaths,
Ordeals, Prayer, Purificatory ceremonies, Sacrifice, Sexual
intercourse (as a magical or religious rite), Spitting,
Transference, Witchcraft

----, hom[oe]opathic, ii. 446 n. ^7, 753

----, sympathetic, i. 589 _sq._, ii. 204, 205, 209 n. ^5, 546, 566, 643

Magicians, curses of, i. 563;
sexual intercourse with, i. 593 n. ^1;
abstain from certain foods, ii. 322, 327;
purificatory ceremonies of, ii. 352;
celibacy compulsory on, ii. 405 _sq._;
conjugal faithfulness compulsory on persons who wish to become,
ii. 419;
addicted to homosexual practices, ii. 458, 459, 465, 472, 477,
484, 486 _sq._;
treatment of the dead bodies of, ii. 527;
cannibalism of, ii. 564;
killing of disappointing, ii. 609;
their residences asylums, ii. 631.
See Witches; _cf._ Priests

Males, the sexual impulse of, i. 657

Mammals, paternal care among, ii. 189 _sq._;
maternal care among, ii. 190;
the duration of conjugal unions among, ii. 192

Man-gods, eating of, ii. 563 _sq._;
killing of, ii. 606-610, 753 _sq._

Mankind at large, duties to. See Cosmopolitanism

Manslaughter, distinguished from murder, i. 294-298, ii. 633

Manslayers, regarded as unclean, i. 225, 232, 233, 375-382, ii.
256 _sq._ n. ^2;
adoption of unintentional, i. 484;
refuge denied to, ii. 632 _sq._

Marital affection, i. 113, 532 _sq._, ii. 190-193.
See Conjugal affection

Marriage, ch. xl. (ii. 364-398);
as a compensation for homicide, i. 484;
the father's consent required for a daughter's, i. 599, 609,
611, 613, 615 _sq._, ii. 383;
for a son's, i. 609, 613, 615 _sq._;
the parents' {852} consent required for a child's, i. 607, 608,
617, 618, 624 _sq._;
slaves prohibited from contracting a legal, i. 693, 697, 706 _sq._;
prohibition of, between white and coloured persons, i. 714;
between relations by adoption, ii. 369, 374, 375, 748-750, 752;
regarded as a duty, ii. 399-405;
enjoined by religion, ii. 399-404;
between dead persons, ii. 400;
forbidden to persons whose function it is to perform religious
or magical rites, ii. 405-409, 412-414, 418-421;
considered impure, ii. 410-412;
between a god and a woman, ii. 412-414;
avoidance of, between cannibals and their non-cannibal
neighbours, ii. 571;
the contracting of a second, forbidden to widows, i. 475, ii. 450 _sq._;
to priests, ii. 412;
considered improper for widowers, ii. 451.
See Divorce, Group marriage, Incest, Levirate

Marriage by capture, ii. 382 _sq._

---- by purchase, i. 421, 599, 632 _sq._, ii. 382-385, 751;
a hindrance to polygyny, ii. 389;
the marriage tie strengthened by, ii. 397;
the standard of female chastity raised by, ii. 436, 437, 440

---- portion, ii. 385 _sq._;
the marriage tie strengthened by the, ii. 397

Maternal affection, i. 405, 529-531, ii. 186-190, 193, 748

---- duties, i. 526, 533, **ii. 748

---- rights, ch. xxv. (i. 597-628), **ii. 748

Matter, regarded as impure, ii. 362 _sq._

Meat, manslayers prohibited from eating, i. 375;
abstained from before the offering of a sacrifice, ii. 296;
after a death, ii. 301, 302, 304 _sq._
See Vegetarianism

----, fresh, abstained from after a death, ii. 300 _sq._;
by girls at puberty, ii. 307 _sq._

Medicines, religious veneration of, ii. 591, 641

Men, the occupations of, i. 633-637;
the sexual impulse of, i. 657;
forbidden to eat certain foods, ii. 321 _sq._;
extra-matrimonial intercourse of, ii. 422-434, 436-455;
the preference given to virgin brides by, ii. 434-437, 440;
homosexual practices between, ch. xliii. (ii. 456-489), ii. 752 _sq._

"Merit," analysis of the concept, i. 150-152

Merits, i. 86, ii. 360 _sq._, common enjoyment of, i. 96-99;
the conferring of, upon the dead, ii. 550-552

Midsummer customs, i. 56 _sq._

Milk, prohibition of boiling, i. 197;
offered to strangers, i. 590 _sq._;
abstinence from, ii. 325 _sq._;
after a death, ii. 301

Miracles, ii. 590 _sq._

Modesty, ii. 144 _sq._

Monkeys, the feeling of revenge in, i. 37 _sq._;
self-regarding pride in, i. 39, ii. 138;
sympathetic resentment in, i. 112;
credited with a conscience, i. 249;
adoption of young among, ii. 189;
abstinence from eating, ii. 328 _sq._;
aversion to killing, ii. 329, 490, 513. See Apes

Monks, sexual intercourse forbidden to, ii. 409, 412;
addicted to homosexual practices, ii. 462, 467

Monogamy, ii. 192, 387-392

Monotheism, intolerance of, ii. 644-647, 649, 650, 652;
its tendency to attribute the most exalted qualities to the
deity, ii. 734

Moon, abstinence from work in connection with changes in the, ii.
284-287, 747;
fasting in connection with changes in the, ii. 296, 297.
309-313

---- gods, appealed to in oaths, ii. 121, 122, 699;
regarded as judges, ii. 699, 703 _sq._

Moral approval, the nature of, i. 21, 93-107;
the origin of, i. 108-111, 117-123, 129 _sq._;
moral concepts springing from, i. 145-154;
only indirectly expressed in custom, i. 160;
hardly at all expressed in law, i. 166 _sq._;
the resemblance between the phenomena which give rise to
gratitude and those which call forth, i. 318 _sq._

"---- axioms," i. 12

---- concepts, based on moral emotions, ch. i. (i.
4-20);
analysis of the principal, ch. vi (i. 131-157);
among non-European peoples, i. 131-133

---- disapproval, the nature of, i. 21-93, 100-107;
the origin of, i. {853}108-129;
moral concepts springing from, i. 134-145;
expressed in customs and laws, ch. vii. (i. 158-201);
the resemblance between the phenomena which give rise to
non-moral resentment and those which call forth, i. 315-319

Moral emotions, the moral concepts based on, chs. i. (i. 4-20),
vi. (i. 131-157);
the nature of the, chs. ii.-iv. (i. 21-107);
the origin of the, ch. v. (i. 108-130);
expressed in customs and laws, ch. vii. (i. 158-201);
the resemblance between the phenomena which give rise to
non-moral retributive emotions and those which call forth, i.
314-319;
not determined by the cognition of free-will, i. 321-326

---- evolution, general characteristics of, ii. 743-746

---- ideals, i. 153 _sq._

---- judgments, the emotional origin of, ch. i. (i. 4-20);
the assumed objectivity of, i. 6-20, 104 _sq._;
the general nature of the subjects of, chs. viii.-xii. (i.
202-313);
why conduct and character form the subjects of, i. 314-320;
the relation between free-will and, i. 320-326;
the innate character the proper subject of, i. 326

---- law, the authoritativeness attributed to the, i. 14-17

"---- reason," i. 7 _sq._

"---- truth," i. 17 _sq._

Morbid impulses, injuries committed under the influence of, i. 298 _sq._

Morning gift, ii. 385

_Mos_, i. 119, 122

Mother, children's affection for their, i. 534-538, 618, 659, ii.
194, 748;
descent traced through the, i. 597 598, 655 _sq._, ii. 44-46,
54, 202, 203, 205, 206, 211, 220;
committing suicide on the death of her only son, ii. 244 n. ^3.
See Maternal affection, duties, rights; Parents

Motives, ch. xi. (i. 283-302); i. 207-209, 316, 318

Mourners, delicate state of, ii. 283, 307;
considered polluted, ii. 306, 307, 545;
purificatory ceremonies of, ii. 354

Mourning costume, ii. 524, 545, 547

---- customs, ii. 283, 284, 298-308, 520, 524, 526, 528, 541,
542, 544-548;
forbidden in the case of suicide, ii. 247.
See Death

Murder, manslaughter distinguished from, i. 294-298, ii. 633.
See Homicide

Mutilation, as a punishment, i. 192, 195. 311, 312, 513, 518-523. ii. 8, 9, 12, 13, 74, 84, 123 n. ^1, 143 n. ^1, 447, 449 _sq._

Mutton, abstinence from, ii. 322, 327

Mutual aid, i. 538-569

NAMES, certain superstitions relating to, i. 460, ii. 369;
social influence of, ii. 203 _sq._;
their influence on exogamy, ii. 369, 748;
prohibition of mentioning dead persons', ii. 524, 545-547, 550;
of mentioning supernatural beings', ii. 640-643

National conceit, ii. 170-174

Nationalism, i. 367-369, ii. 184, 185, 224 _sq._

Nationality, the feeling of, ii. 183-185.
See Patriotism

Negative commandments, why more prominent than positive commandments, i. 303

Negligence, i. 210, 211, 303-305

Negro slavery, i. 428, 429, 516-518, 683, 704-714, ii. 32 _sq._

Negroes, not accepted as witnesses against white persons, i. 429;
antipathy to, i. 713 _sq._;
injuries inflicted upon white persons by, i. 713 _sq._;
white persons prohibited from marrying, i. 714

New, fear of anything, i. 462 _sq._

Nuns, sexual intercourse forbidden to, ii. 409, 412

OATHS, materialistic conception of, i. 58-61, 233 _sq._;
the taking of, forbidden to the high priest, i. 58, ii. 638;
to priestesses, ii. 638;
contained in ordeals, i. 505 _sq._, ii. 687-690;
taken upon arms, i. 506, ii. 119-121;
upon tent-poles, i. 588 n. ^5;
in connection with theft, ii. 62, 63, 66, 68;
sworn by the eldest sister, i. 606;
on the life of the king, ii. 637;
supernatural beings appealed to in, ii. 67, 68, 120-123,
686-690, 699, 731 _sq._;
prohibition of taking, ii. 99, 124;
not considered binding if contrary to the good of the Church,
ii. 100;
methods of adding supernatural {854} energy to, ii.
118-122;
taken upon blood, ii. 118-121, 621, 622, 687-689;
blood-covenants accompanied by, ii. 208, 209, 567.
See Perjury

Obedience, to parents, ch. xxv. (i. 597-628);
to husbands, ch. xxvi. (i. 629-669);
slaves, to their masters, ch. xxvii (i. 670-716);
to rulers, i. 194-196;
to gods, i. 194-198, ii. 659 _sq._;
to the dead, ii. 519, 520, 541

Occupation, acquisition of property by, ii. 35-39, 51, 52, 54 _sq._

Occupations of life, divided between the sexes, i. 633-637, ii. 271

Offerings to the dead, ii. 302, 303, 400-404, 517, 518, 524, 539, 547, 550, 692, 700, 701, 704, 708; connection between almsgiving and, ii. 550-552

---- to gods. See Sacrifice

Offspring, man's desire for, i. 533, ii. 388, 391, 400-404, 423, 440;
the future state of persons who have died without, ii. 400-404

Old age, criminal responsibility affected by, i. 266 _sq._;
the future state of persons who have died of, i. 390, ii. 235,
238 n. ^3, 698

---- persons, killing or abandoning of, i. 386-390, 606, 607,
612, 620;
eaten by their relatives, i. 390, ii. 554, 568 _sq._;
kind treatment of, i. 540, 546, 625 _sq._, ii. 672;
respect for, i. 603-605, 614, 615, 619-621, ii. 194, 675;
supposed to be versed in magic, i. 619 _sq._;
curses and blessings of, i. 622, 626;
suicide committed by, ii. 232, 235, 236, 247 _sq._

Omissions, i. 210-212, 303-305, 317

_Opera supererogativa_, i. 86, 98 _sq._ See Merits

Opinions, moral judgments relating to, i. 215 _sq._

Ordeals, ii. 686-690, 732;
duels as, i. 504-507

"Ought," analysis of the concept, i. 134-137

Outlawry, i. 46, 47, 172, 173, 311

Owls, prohibition of eating, ii. 321

Oxen, prohibition of killing ploughing, ii. 330, 331, 493, 494, 504

PARDON, the right of, as a prerogative of the Crown, i. 192, 196, 226

Parental affection. See Maternal, Paternal affection

Parents, their authority over their children, ch. xxv. (i. 597-628);
curses or blessings of, i. 58, 538, 621-627, ii. 703, 715, 716
n. ^2, 732;
children punished if convicted of a design to kill their, i. 245;
killing their infant children, i. 378, 394-413, 633, ii. 562,
752 _sq._;
children killing their, i. 383-386, 522, ii. 256 _sq._ n. ^2, 749;
children killing or abandoning their aged, i. 386-390, 606,
607, 612, 620;
eaten by their children, i. 390, ii. 554, 568 _sq._;
killing their grown up children, i. 393 _sq._, ii. 256 _sq._ n. ^2;
exposing their new-born children, i. 406-412, 689;
children sacrificed to save the lives of their, i. 455, 456,
459-461;
sacrificing their children, i. 455-461;
eating their children, i. 458 _sq._, ii. 554, 555. 562, 568 _sq._;
daughters committing suicide on the death of their, i. 473;
inflicting corporal punishment upon their children, i. 513-515,
607, 610;
children using violence against their, i. 513, 624 _sq._, ii. 677;
their duty of taking care of their children, i. 526-533;
children's duty of taking care of their, i. 533-538;
children's respect for their, i. 534-538, 600, 601, 607-613,
616-628, ii. 194;
children's affection for their, i. 534-538, 618, 659, ii. 194, 748;
religion emphasising children's duties to their, i. 536, 537,
608, 610, 612, 613, 616, 617, 620-627, ii. 711, 714, 715, 716 n.
^2, 717, 732;
children cursing their, i. 564;
selling their children as slaves, i. 599, 607, 609, 611, 612,
615, 675, 681, 682, 684, 685, 689, 691 _sq._;
children telling a falsehood in the presence of their, ii. 96;
children addressing abusive language to their, ii. 142;
their duties to their children, ii. 166, 748;
children's duties to their, ii. 166, 748;
committing suicide on the death of their children, ii. 232, 244
n. ^3;
fasting after the death of their children, ii. 298-300;
children fasting after the death of their, ii. 298-301;
children punished after death for {855} inflicting injuries
upon their, ii. 715.
See Maternal, Paternal affection

Parricide. See Parents

_Parricidium_, i. 384 _sq._

Pastoral life, supposed connection between the custom of ultimogeniture and a, ii. 48 n. ^4, 56 n. ^5

---- peoples, vegetable food provided by the women among, i. 634,
ii. 273;
the position of women among, i. 660 _sq._;
slavery among, i. 672, 673, 681;
social aggregates of, ii. 201;
their sympathy for their domestic animals, ii. 506

Passing-bell, the, ii. 524, 544

Passover, the, i. 459, 470, ii. 296

Paternal affection, i. 401, 402, 405, 529-533. ii. 187-190, 193, 748;
its influence on the duration of marriage, ii. 397

Patriotism, ii. 167-185

Peace, perpetual, i. 334, 337, 367

---- Societies, i. 369

_Peculium_, of slaves, i. 690, 697, ii. 31-33;
of sons, ii. 28;
of women, ii. 29

Pederasty. See Homosexual love

Penance, ii. 356-361, 363, 708, 735;
fasting as a form of, ii. 246, 315-318, 406

Perjury, considered contagious, i. 58-61;
considered sinful though committed unconsciously, i. 229, 231,
233 _sq._;
punished by custom or law, i. 505, 521 _sq._, ii. 123 n. ^1;
regarded as an offence against the deity, i. 507, ii. 122, 122
_sq._ n. ^10;
no civil punishment affixed to, ii. 123 n. ^1;
believed to incur divine punishment, ii. 123 n. ^1, 684, 686, 714;
to cause misery after death, ii. 715 _sq._

Phratry, the, ii. 217, 218, 222 _sq._

Pigeons, prohibition of killing, ii. 490;
eating of, ii. 737

Pilgrimage, ii. 314, 416, 538 n. ^2, 725

"Pious fraud," ii. 100, 104, 112

Pocket-picking, i. 187, 243

Politeness, i. 160, ii. 146-152

Pollution, of sin, i. 52-57, 61-65, 70, 71, 85, 86, 407, ii. 256
n. ^2, 654 _sq._;
of curses, i. 57-61, 70, 233, 234, 624 _sq._, ii. 583, 584, 703;
of blood, i. 225, 232, 233, 375-382, ii. 256 _sq._ n. ^2, 262, 714;
of women, i. 663-666, ii. 538 n. ^2;
of self-inflicted death, ii. 257 n. ^5 262;
of death, ii. 283, 302-307, 416, 536-539, 544 _sq._;
of natural death, ii. 416, 609;
of food, ii. 294-296;
of wine, ii. 344 _sq._;
sexual, ii. 414-420, 752;
caused by partaking of human flesh, ii. 538, 575 _sq._;
holiness very susceptible to, i. 58, 380-382, 625, ii. 294-296,
322, 344, 345. 352, 353, 415-420, 608-610, 638, 643, 752

Polyandry, ii. 387, 395

Polygyny, ii. 387-392, 395;
connection between illegitimate children's right to inheritance
and, ii. 57;
a cause of homosexual practices, ii. 466

Polytheism, tolerance of, ii. 647-652

Pork, abstinence from, ii. 321, 322, 326-330, 335

Positive commandments, i. 303-305, 310

Possession, acquisition of property by continued, ii. 39-41, 52

Potatoes, abstinence from, after a death, ii. 301

Poverty, estimation of, i. 556, ii. 280 _sq._;
a cause of uncleanliness, ii. 351;
monogamy associated with, ii. 392

Prayer, ii. 653-659;
for remission of sin, i. 49, 54, 55, 228 _sq._, ii. 654, 655.
72, 707;
purification preparatory to, i. 380 _sq._, ii. 352, 353, 358,
359, 415. 416, 418 _sq._;
development of a curse or a blessing into a, i. 564 _sq._, ii.
66-68, 120-123, 658, 686-690, 731;
almsgiving connected with, i. 567 _sq._;
forbidden to women, i. 664, 667 n. ^1;
used as greeting, ii. 150;
fasting an appendage to, ii. 316 _sq._;
magic efficacy ascribed to, ii. 353, 418, 419, 656-659, 706, 712;
continence a preparation for, ii. 417-419

Preparation, acts of, i. 243-246

Prescription, ii. 40, 41, 52 _sq._

Pride, condemnation of, ii. 144 _sq._
See Self-regarding pride

Priestesses, forbidden to marry or to have intercourse with men,
ii. 406-408, 412-414, 420;
continence compulsory on women who wish to become, ii. 419;
prostitution of, ii. 443 _sq._;
asylums, ii. 637 _sq._;
prohibited from taking an oath, ii. 638

Priests, forbidden to take an oath, i. 58, ii. 638;
to engage in warfare, {856} i. 348, 381;
to shed human blood, i. 381 _sq._;
to take part in a capital charge, i. 381, 382, 493;
to engage in hunting, ii. 506;
the law of torture relating to, i. 523 _sq._;
curses of, i. 563;
enslaving of children of incontinent, i. 700;
certain foods forbidden to, or rejected by, ii. 322, 329, 333, 338;
forbidden to marry and to have intercourse with women, ii.
405-409, 412, 414, 418-421;
eunuch, ii. 408, 414, 488 n. ^6;
forbidden to contract a second marriage, ii. 412;
to marry widows, ii. 412, 420;
to marry harlots or divorced wives, ii. 420;
taboos imposed upon, ii. 417 _sq._;
continence compulsory on persons who wish to become, ii. 419;
temporary continence compulsory on, ii. 419 _sq._;
the punishment of unchastity in the daughters of, ii. 420;
represented as corrupters of domestic virtue, ii. 432;
their celibacy a cause of homosexual practices, ii. 467;
boys kept as, ii. 473;
used as temple prostitutes, ii. 473, 488;
cannibalism of, ii. 563, 574;
their residences asylums, ii. 630, 634, 637;
opposing sorcery, ii. 652;
regarded as manifestations of gods, ii. 657, 709;
encouraging the belief in the magic efficacy of prayer, ii. 658
_sq._
See Benefit of Clergy; _cf._ Magicians

Primogeniture, ii. 45, 46, 48, 55 _sq._

Promiscuity, the theory of, ii. 396

Promises. See Good faith

Property, the right of, ch. xxviii. _sq._ (ii. 1-71);
forfeiture of, as a punishment, i. 47, ii. 254;
acquired by a successful duel, i. 498, 503, ii. 9;
of wives, i. 632, 637-641, 643, 645, 661, ii. 28-31, 41;
of women, i. 661, ii. 28-30, 41;
of slaves, i. 677, 684, 688, _cf._ _Peculium_ of slaves;
of the dead, i. 399, ii. 44, 518, 539 _sq._, see Inheritance, Wills;
of supernatural beings, ii. 626 _sq._;
supernatural beings as guardians of, ii. 59-69, 669, 675-677,
679, 684, 686, 699, 700, 705, 714, 717, 732

Prostitution, i. 608, ii. 428-431, 437, 439-446;
religious, ii. 443-446, 488;
of men, ii. 459-462, 463, 476, 478, 488

Provocation, i. 290-298, 311, 316 _sq._

Prudence, i. 560, 581, 715, ii. 52, 59, 114, 124, 176, 185, 265-268, 331, 332, 334. 335, 342, 428, 497, 539, 547, 548, 660

Puberty, girls at, ii. 307 _sq._

Public approval, the prototype of moral approval, i. 9, 122, 129

---- disapproval, the prototype of moral disapproval, i. 9, 119-122

Pulse, abstinence from, ii. 322, _cf._ ii. 430 _sq._

Punishment, inflicted on others than the culprit, i. 43-48, 69 _sq._;
restricted to the culprit, i. 70-72;
essentially an expression of the moral indignation of the
society which inflicts it, i. 79, 89-91, 169, 185, 198-201;
theories as to the proper object of, i. 79-91;
regarded as a means of eliminating the criminal, i. 80-82;
as a deterrent, i. 80-84, 88-91;
as a means of reforming the criminal, i. 80-91;
defined, i. 82, 169 _sq._;
the limited efficiency of, as a deterrent, i. 90 n. ^1;
a source of moral disapproval, i. 115;
the relation between indemnification and, i. 168 _sq._;
among savages, i. 170-177;
transition from revenge to, i. 180-185;
the opinion that determent actually is or has been the chief
object of, i. 185-200;
the increasing severity of, i. 186-198;
inflicted on criminals in public, i. 191 _sq._;
of unintentional injuries, i. 219, 221-226, 231, 232, 235-240;
of attempts to commit crimes, i. 241-247, 374;
of acts of preparation, i. 243-246;
of bare intentions, i. 245;
inflicted on animals, i. 253-260, 264, 308;
on inanimate things, i. 261-264, 308;
of injuries committed by children, i. 265-269;
by old persons, i. 266 _sq._;
by lunatics, i. 271-277, 298 _sq._;
by idiots, i. 273;
in drunkenness, i. 279-282;
inflicted upon the offending member, i. 311, 312, 513, 518,
519, 521 _sq._, ii. 9, 13, 74, 84, 123 n. ^1, 143 n. ^1;
from a deterministic point of view, i. 320 _sq._;
influenced by rank, i. 430-433, 491, 518, 519, 524, ii. 19, 20,
58, 142, 143, 448-450;
corporal, i. 520-525;
suicide committed out of fear of, ii. 233;
redeems the sufferer from {857} punishment in a future
existence, ii. 360;
inflicted on gods, ii. 610.
For various kinds of punishment see Banishment, Cannibalism
(as a punishment), Emasculation, Mutilation, Outlawry, Property
(forfeiture of), Serfdom (as a punishment), Shame (putting
offenders to), Slavery (as a punishment)

Punishment in a future existence. See Future life