Chapter VIII

THE GENERAL NATURE OF THE SUBJECTS OF ENLIGHTENED MORAL JUDGMENTS

Definitions of the term "conduct," p. 202 _sq._--The meaning of the word "act," p. 203 _sq._--The meaning of the word "intention," p. 204.--There can be only one intention in one act, p. 204 _sq._ The moral judgments which we pass on acts do not really relate to the event, but to the intention, p. 205 _sq._--A person morally accountable also for his deliberate wishes, p. 206.--A deliberate wish is a volition, p. 206 _sq._--The meaning of the word "motive," p. 207.--Motives which are volitions fall within the sphere of moral valuation, _ibid._--The motive of an act may be an intention, but an intention belonging to another act, _ibid._--Even motives which consist of non-volitional conations may indirectly exercise much influence on moral judgments, p. 207 _sq._--Refutation of Mill's statement that "the motive has nothing to do with the morality of the action," p. 208 _sq._--Moral judgments really passed upon men as acting or willing, not upon acts or volitions in the abstract, p. 209. --Forbearances morally equivalent to acts, p. 209 _sq._--Distinction between forbearances and omissions, p. 210.--Moral judgments refer not only to willing, but to not-willing as well, not only to acts and forbearances, but to omissions, p. 210 _sq._--Negligence, heedlessness, and rashness, p. 211.--Moral judgments of blame concerned with not-willing only in so far as this not-willing is attributed to a defect of the "will," p. 211 _sq._--Distinction between conscious omissions and forbearances, and between not-willing to refrain from doing and willing to do, p. 212.--The "known concomitants of acts," p. 213.--Absence of volitions also gives rise to moral praise, p. 213 _sq._--The meaning of the term "conduct," p. 214.--The subject of a moral judgment is, strictly speaking, a person's will, or character, conceived as the cause either of volitions or of the absence of volitions, p. 214 _sq._--Moral judgments that are passed on emotions or opinions really refer to the will, p. 215 _sq._