Chapter D: Books and Pamphlets (except Serials) (5)

Popularity of the war in the United States, general American war spirit,
=1.= 124, 444;
why concentrated upon Mexico, 125, 444-5;
initial, =2.= 268;
reaction, 269, 281, 490;
restoration, 290, 499.
_See also_ Attitude; Opposition; Outbreak; Preparation.

Population of Mexico, in 1846, =1.= 3, 407;
characteristics of Spanish born, 3;
of Creoles, 3, 407;
of Indians, 4;
social and economic classes, 5-6;
clergy, 6-8;
army, 8-11;
civil officials, 11;
judges, 12-3;
criminals, 13;
need, 16;
picture of life and character, 18-28;
general state, types, 28, 445;
of New Mexico, 284;
of California, 315;
characteristics of Californians, 315-7;
popular American opinion of Mexican, 445;
of Santa Fe, 517;
characteristics of New Mexicans, =2.= 216;
British view of American character, 294-5, 502;
contrast of American and Mexican character, 310, 508;
attitude of Mexican, toward the war, 312, 510.
_See also_ Character; Conquered territory; Social conditions.

_Porpoise_, in Home Squadron, =2.= 197, 445.

Port La Vaca, as base, =1.= 267.

Porter, Andrew, at Contreras, =2.= 104.

Porter, D. D., and Ulúa, =2.= 201;
at siege of Vera Cruz, 339.

Porter, J. D., acknowledgment to, =1.= 444.

Porter, T. H., skirmish, killed, =1.= 160.

_Portsmouth_, at San Francisco, =1.= 333;
in Pacific squadron, =2.= 189, 206, 446, 447;
off Mazatlán, 446, 447;
at Guaymas, 447.

Posada y Garduño, Manuel, and Santa Anna's dictatorship, =1.= 52;
chief monarchist, dies, 215.

Posey, Carnot, on soldiers and Taylor, =1.= 374.

_Potomac_, and Vera Cruz expedition, =2.= 18, 25;
scurvy, 195;
in Home Squadron, 197, 442;
and attack on Tuxpán, 444.

Pratt, H. C, in Lane's march to Puebla, =2.= 426.

_Preble_, in Pacific squadron, =2.= 189, 206, 447.

Preparation for war, Mexican, on annexation of Texas, =1.= 87-8, 434;
Mexican hostile attitude toward Americans, 102-4, 484;
reasons for hope of Mexican success, 104-16;
United States deemed feeble, 104-5;
expected opposition in United States, 105, 107, 119, 443;
foreign opinion on relative military strength, 105-6;
Mexico's opinion of its own army, 106;
Texas as expected field, 107, 110;
successful invasion of Mexico deemed impossible, 107-8;
Mexican hope in privateering, 108;
and on financial burden on United States, 109, 130;
expected revitalization of Mexico, 110;
expected aid from Spanish America, 111;
and from Europe, 112-5, 441, 442;
importance of Oregon controversy, 114-5, 130, 137, 442;
Mexican desire for war, 115-6, 442, =2.= 312, 510;
American attitude, =1.= 117-37;
resentment of Mexican outrages, 117-9, 443;
patience with an inferior people, 119;
attacks on policy of forbearance, 119-21;
effect of claims controversy, 120, 132, 134, 448;
of rejection of Slidell, 120, 127, 145, 445;
supposed European manipulation of Mexico, 121-2, 443;
demand of the southwest, trade influences, 122, 443;
slaveholders fear, 123;
chance to overthrow Calhoun, 123;
and spirit of expansion, 123, 444;
unrest, war spirit and allurements of Mexico, 124-6, 444-5;
expected easy victory, 125;
annexation of Texas and war spirit, 126, 132;
Polk's alleged desire for war, disproof, 127-34, 150, 326, 445-8,
478, 526;
intolerable conditions, force as only solution, 134-7;
and monarchy for Mexico, 135, 448;
bold attitude as argument for negotiations, 152.
_See also_ Diplomatic intercourse; Outbreak.

President of Mexico, powers under first constitution, =1.= 37;
election of Victoria, 37;
and of Pedraza, 40;
Guerrero, 41;
Bustamante, 43, 47;
Pedraza restored, 45;
election of Santa Anna (1832), 45;
Santa Anna temporary, 49;
Santa Anna's election (1844), 53;
Herrera, 55;
Paredes in power, 100, 212;
Santa Anna titular and Farías acting (1846), =2.= 5-6;
Farías eliminated, Anaya substitute, 14, 15;
Santa Anna resumes power (1847), 83;
election of 1847 deferred, 73, 84, 363;
Santa Anna resigns, Peña acting, 180, 240, 427, 428, 466;
Anaya elected ad interim (1847), 236;
Herrera (1848), 252.
_See also_ Dictatorship; Revolution.

President of United States, Scott's ambition, =1.= 130, =2.= 284,
390-2;
Taylor's candidacy proposed, =1.= 179, 208;
his ambition and suspicions, 352, 363, 368, 538, 544, 547;
effect of Buena Vista on it, 400;
his letter to Gaines, 507;
effect on Taylor of Polk's attitude and own conduct, =2.= 272,
278, 493;
Whigs and candidates, 284;
Webster's candidacy, 291;
Taylor's candidacy as vindication of the war, 292;
Pillow's ambition, 376.
_See also_ Polk.

Press, Mexican, conditions, =1.= 15;
Paredes's decrees on, 215;
during the war, =2.= 84, 85, 91.
_See also_ Newspapers.

Price, Sterling, to raise men, =1.= 290;
troops to reinforce Kearny, 290, 516;
to hold Santa Fe, 298, 517;
Chihuahua and Rosales expedition, =2.= 166, 419;
as governor of New Mexico, 217, 453;
supposed force (Nov., 1847), 432.

_Princeton_, in occupation of Tampico, =1.= 279;
at Vera Cruz, =2.= 26;
in Home Squadron, 197, 441;
in attack on Alvarado, 198.

Principles of war, =1.= 405.

Prisoners of war, Encarnación, =1.= 370-1, 562, =2.= 418;
release after Monterey armistice, =1.= 507;
Scott's treatment, parole, =2.= 58, 340, 353, 515;
and armistice after Churubusco, 134, 394;
in treaty of peace, 468.

Prisons, Mexican, =1.= 13, 21.

Privateering, Mexican hope in, =1.= 108;
projects, failure, =2.= 191-3;
question of American, 192, 439.

Proclamations, war, =1.= 191, 213, 474;
Scott's, at Vera Cruz, =2.= 38;
of May 11, 66, 357-8.

Programme of war, Polk's rejection of Scott's policy, =1.= 198-200;
policy of occupying territory, 262, 266-7, 508, =2.= 273, 492;
defensive-line policy, =1.= 282-3, 461, 513, 514, =2.= 183, 430;
failure of quick peace programme, =1.= 347;
project of attack on Mexico City, 349;
question of attack on Vera Cruz, 349-50;
no further advance in north, 350;
attack on Vera Cruz adopted, 350-1;
advance to capital left open, 351, 540, =2.= 344;
Marcy shifts responsibility to Scott, =1.= 355, 540;
Taylor ignores programme, 368;
Mexican plan after fall of capital, =2.= 182, 430;
American problem after capture of capital, 183, 430;
hampered by opposition, 292;
effect of inadequate preparation, 314, 510.

_Progreso_, on American peace party, =2.= 495.

Pronunciation of Spanish, =1.= xxi.

Propaganda, Mexican, among Taylor's troops, =1.= 160;
among Irish soldiers, 507, =2.= 81, 358;
at siege of Vera Cruz, 337.
_See also_ Desertion.

Prospects of war.
_See_ Preparation.

Prosperity, of occupied territory, =2.= 214, 215, 219, 232;
American, in the war, 263, 484.

_Provisional_, on United States and Texas, =1.= 423.

Prussia, and the war, =1.= 403, =2.= 298-9.
_See also_ Canitz.

Public debt.
_See_ Finances; Loans.

Public lands, bounty to soldiers, =2.= 75, 490;
gradation policy, 261, 482.

Public opinion, lack in Mexico, =1.= 13.

Puebla, situation, aspect, =1.= 2, =2.= 71;
Scott's advance from Jalapa, 64, 66, 69;
clerical control and attitude toward Scott's advance, understanding,
65-6, 357;
Santa Anna at, 69, 360;
he evacuates, 70;
Worth's conference, erroneous agreement, 70, 360;
occupation, 71;
character of Worth's rule, 71-2, 361;
Scott at, 72;
condition of army in, 72-3;
advance from, 78, 92, 371;
Scott at, and peace negotiations, 130, 391;
guerilla operations and beginning of siege, 173-4, 424;
American garrison and positions, 174, 424, 433;
Santa Anna's siege, 174-6;
Lane's march to relieve, 176, 425;
battle of Huamantla, 176-8, 425-6;
arrival of Lane, siege raised, 178;
losses in siege, 426;
American rule, 225, 229, 231.

Puebla state, guerilla warfare, =2.= 173;
in discussion on peace, 464.

Pueblo Indians, submit to Kearny, =1.= 296.

Puente nacional, as defensive point, =2.= 40, 348;
abandoned, 41-2;
aspect, 47;
American post, 432.

Pulque, =1.= 508.

Punta Aguda, occupied, =1.= 562.

Purísima bridge at Monterey, =1.= 249, 254.

Puros, rise, aims, opposition, =2.= 2-4;
demands and loss of prestige, 4-5;
and Presidential election (1846), 5;
abandon Farías, 12;
attitude toward Santa Anna, 15, 82, 83, 87;
and peace negotiations (1847), 136;
and local government under Scott, 229;
Eventualists, 234, 465;
oppose treaty, 250;
and British mediation, 368.
_See also_ Farías; Federalism.

Querétaro, situation, =1.= 3; revolt, =2.= 236.

Querétaro battalion, at Monterey, =1.= 494;
at Chapultepec, =2.= 408.
Querétaro state, in discussion on peace, =2.= 464.

Quijano, Benito, armistice commissioner, =2.= 242, 394.

Quitman, J. A., brigade at Monterey, =1.= 249, 252-6, 492;
Taylor on, 352;
march to Victoria, 357, 360;
march to Tampico, 365-6, 368;
at Brazos, 476;
at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 27;
at Jalapa, 62;
in advance to Puebla, 64, 69;
Amozoc affair, 70;
division in Scott's army, 78, 356, 365;
in advance from Puebla, 93, 94, 371;
at San Agustín, 103, 376, 380;
during armistice, commissioner, 134, 394;
advance after armistice, 142, 401;
at Chapultepec, 152, 153, 156, 157, 409-11;
at Belén garita, 158-60, 162, 412, 414-6;
takes possession of the city, 163, 416;
as governor of it, 164, 226, 460;
and Scott, 248;
Alvarado expedition, 344-5;
court of inquiry on Worth, 361;
and Contreras, 381;
and douceur, 391;
and plan of attack on capital, 408;
division broken up, 432;
leaves Mexico, 438;
not West Pointer, 513.

Radepont, Marquis de, on volunteers, =2.= 513.

Radicals, aim of Mexican (1846), =2.= 2-4.
_See also_ Puros.

Rainfall of Mexico, =1.= 1-2.

Ramírez, J. F., on Mexican responsibility for the war, =1.= 116;
on Santa Anna's manifesto, 219;
on the Church, 408;
on judicial system, 409;
on political situation (1847), =2.= 16, 83;
on guerilla warfare, 168;
on Mexican political character, 310;
on justice of the war, 323;
conference with Santa Anna, 368;
on armistice, 399.

Ramírez, Simeón, brigade at Monterey, =1.= 235, 494;
at Molino del Rey, =2.= 142;
flight, 145;
at Belén garita, 159, 160.

Ramiro, José, and Contreras, =2.= 106.

Ramsey, A. C., regiment, =2.= 363.

Ranchero, =1.= 19.

Ranelagh, Viscount, proffer to Mexico, =2.= 306.

Rangel, J., and preparations below Perote, =2.= 40, 346;
and Contreras, 110;
at Molino del Rey, 142;
at Chapultepec, 157, 161, 410, 411;
at San Cosme garita, wounded, 161, 162, 413;
brigade, 369.

Rank controversy in American army, =1.= 144.

Ransom, T. B., at Contreras, =2.= 109, 110, 378;
at Chapultepec, killed, 155;
regiment, 263.
_See also_ Ninth Infantry.

_Raritan_, and Vera Cruz expedition, =2.= 25;
scurvy, 195;
in Home Squadron, 197, 442, 446;
in attack on Tuxpán, 444.

Raton Pass, Kearny at, aspect, =1.= 291.

_Razonador_, peace organ, =2.= 82.

Rea, J., as guerilla, =2.= 173;
siege of Puebla, 174, 176;
retirement and overthrow, 178-9, 426-7.

Rebolledo, J. C., as guerilla, =2.= 171;
betrayed, 423.

Recognition of Texas, American, =1.= 66, 422, 423;
European, 432.

Red Comet, secret society, =1.= 376.

_Reefer_, captured, =1.= 511;
at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 238;
added to navy, 438;
in Home Squadron, 442, 445, 446;
in attack on Tuxpán, 444.

_Reforma_, desires war, =1.= 116.

Reforms, Farías' attempts, =1.= 45-6.

Regulars.
_See_ Army.

Reid, J. W., in battle of Sacramento, =1.= 309, 311;
pursuit of Comanches, 521.

Reid, Mayne, at battle of Chapultepec, wounded, =2.= 156, 157.

Rejón, M. C., and annexation of Texas, =1.= 86;
Santa Anna's manifesto (1846), 219;
and new government, 222;
return with Santa Anna, 486;
as leader of Puros, =2.= 2, 3;
demands and dismissal, 4;
and demand on Church property, 10, 329, 331;
rejects peace overtures (1846), 122;
and Atocha as peace agent, 124;
key of policy, 125;
corrupt, 131;
opposes peace negotiations (1847), 136;
and treaty of peace, 249;
and poll tax, 324;
and British offer of mediation, 368;
suspected intrigue with Scott, 390.

Religion.
_See_ Roman Catholic church.

Reno, J.L., at Contreras, =2.= 104;
at Chapultepec, 154.

Reports, character of American army, =1.= ix, 404, =2.= 59, 354.

_Republicano_, on financial chaos, =2.= 11;
on three-million fund, 126;
on Atocha, 386.

Repudiation, state, and American war finances, =2.= 256, 294, 478.

Requena, T., and defence of Monterey, =1.= 233, 489;
and Santa Anna, 377;
in Monterey negotiations, 502;
on Taylor's blunders, 503.

Resaca de Guerrero.
_See_ Resaca de la Palma.

Resaca de la Palma, battle of, map, =1.= 170;
Mexican position and conditions, 170-2, 467;
American advance, mêlée, 172-3;
flanking of Mexican left, 174;
panic of Mexican right, 174;
May's charge, 174, 467;
Arista's conduct, 175;
flight across Rio Grande, 175;
little pursuit, 175, 467;
losses, 176.
_See also_ Rio Grande campaign.

_Revista Económica y Comercial_, on Herrera administration, =1.= 438.

Revolutions in Mexico, as relief for ennui, =1.= 21;
Hidalgo's attempt (1810), 31;
Itúrbide's (1821), 33;
overthrow of Itúrbide (1823), 35;
Montaño attempt (1827), 38;
Santa Anna's overthrow of Pedraza (1828), 40-1;
overthrow of Guerrero (1829), 43;
Santa Anna restores Pedraza (1832), 44-5;
attempt against Farías (1833), 46;
Mejía's attempt (1839), 49;
attempts of Paredes and Valencia (1841), 50;
Santa Anna's (1841), 51;
overthrow of Santa Anna (1844), 53-5;
attempted Federalist (1845), 56;
Paredes (1845), 98-9, 120, 438;
Alvarez (1846), 216;
overthrow of Paredes, 216-7, 485;
complexity of this, =2.= 1;
clerical (Polko), against Farías (1847), 12-4, 230-2.

Reyes, I., and the defence of northern states, =1.= 305;
and plans against Taylor, =2.= 165;
succeeds Santa Anna, 181, 429.

Reynolds, J. F., at Chapultepec, =2.= 156.

Reynosa, occupied, =1.= 204, 479.

Rhett, R. B., position in House, =2.= 496.

Rhode Island, and peace, =2.= 123.

Richmond _Enquirer_, on war spirit, =1.= 126;
on divided sentiment toward Mexico, 443.
_See also_ Ritchie, Thomas.

Richtofen, Freiherr von, Prussian minister at Mexico, on Bocanegra's
note, =1.= 69.

Ridgely, Randolph, battery at Resaca de la Palma, =1.= 172, 173, 467;
at Monterey, 254, 492, 496.

Riley, Bennet, at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 53, 55, 352, 354;
brigade in Scott's army, 77;
at Contreras, 104, 108-10, 378-80;
at Churubusco, 114, 382;
and plan of attack on Mexico City, 149, 408;
at Chapultepec, 152;
advance after armistice, 401;
at Tacubaya, 461.

Rincón, Manuel, and Alvarez' revolt, =1.= 216;
at Churubusco, =2.= 110, 114, 117;
and high command, 182, 429;
and peace commission, 239, 466.

Rincón del Diablo.
_See_ Diablo.

Rinconada Pass, Mexicans to retire to line of, =1.= 259;
Taylor's force at, aspect, 265;
Wool's march and Mexican abandonment, 508.

Ringgold, Samuel, in advance to Rio Grande, =1.= 146, 147;
at Palo Alto, mortally wounded, 164, 167, 465, 466;
field battery, 450, 451;
and artillery arm, 451.

Río, Señor del, and peace negotiations, =2.= 236.

Río Frio, American post, =2.= 432.

Rio Grande campaign, river as boundary of Texas, =1.= 138;
Taylor's force as guard, 142;
crossing by Mexicans as invasion, 144, 453;
Taylor's advance to, 145-8, 454;
retaliatory orders, 148-9, 455;
Mexicans cross and attack, 149, 455;
de facto war, Taylor calls for more troops, 150, 205, 458, 480;
justification of advance to, 151-4, 456-61;
advance not cause of war, 154-5, 185, 457, 471, =2.= 276-7;
Mexican force, =1.= 158, 462;
Matamoros fortifications, 158;
condition and position of American force, Mexican opinion, 158-60,
462, 463;
map of Matamoros and American position, 159;
minor mishaps, 160;
Mexican propaganda, 160;
Mexican impatience for combat, 161, 463;
Taylor and line of communication, 161, 464;
Mexican advance on line, 162, 464;
Taylor's march to Point Isabel, 163;
return march, train, 163;
size of American force, 163;
its morale, 164;
battle of Palo Alto, 164-9, 465;
attack on Fort Brown, 164, 176, 467-9;
pursuit of Mexicans, 169, 466;
battle of Resaca de la Palma, 170-6, 467;
Taylor's inaction, permits Mexicans to retire from Matamoros, 176-8,
469;
Americans cross and occupy town, 178;
results of campaign, Taylor's conduct, 178-80, 469, 470;
effect on Mexicans, 179, 213;
original American force, =2.= 511.

Ripalda, Father, catechism, =1.= 13.

Ripley, R. S., value of his history, =1.= 404;
on Scott and Taylor, 490;
on Wool's march, 510;
on Scott's preparations, 539, 544;
at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 53, 58;
on Cerro Gordo, 348, 353, 354;
on Scott's delay at Puebla, 361;
on choice of routes, 373;
on Contreras, 380;
on Churubusco, 383;
on Scott and Trist, 392;
on armistice, 398, 399;
on Molino del Rey, 403;
on Scott's failure to prepare, 404;
on plan to attack city, 405;
on Chapultepec, 409;
on Belén garita, 412;
on San Cosme garita, 413;
on Scott's failure to occupy country, 433;
on excesses in Mexico City, 460;
on peace negotiations, 467.

Ritchie, Thomas, on southern opposition to the war, =1.= 189;
on attitude of Whigs, =2.= 276, 279.
_See also_ Richmond _Enquirer_.

River and harbor bill, Polk's veto, =2.= 271, 281.

Rives, W. C., plan to stop the war, =2.= 290.

Roa Bárcena, J. M., on Mexican desire for war, =1=. 116;
value of his history, 404;
on Texan boundary, 449;
on American and Mexican armies, 469;
on Taylor and Scott as conquerors, =2.= 324, 511.

Roads, Mexican, =1.= 16.

Roberts, B. S., on charge at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 54;
at Contreras, 104;
at Chapultepec, 158, 410;
hoists flag in Mexico City, 164.

Roberts, W. B., at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 56, 57.

Robertson, J. B., on mistakes at Monterey, =1.= 503.

Robinson, J. A., American consul at Guaymas, reports cited _passim_.

Robles, Manuel, and defences of Vera Cruz, =2.= 19, 334;
at Cerro Gordo, 42, 43, 45, 348.

Rockwell, J. A., on Walker, =2.= 480.

Rogers, R. C., captured, =2.= 444.

Roland, J. F., company of light artillery, =2.= 366.

Roman Catholic church in Mexico, religious qualities, =1.= 4, 7, 14,
22, 26;
authority and character, wealth, 6-7, 408;
and education, 14;
Farías' attempted reforms, 45-6;
and Seven Laws, 47;
and Santa Anna's dictatorship, 52;
fears American influence, 103;
and war funds, 213-4, 223, =2.= 254, 346, 347, 477;
Santa Anna declares against ecclesiastical domination (1846), =1.=
219;
and war demands on its property, law of Jan. 11, =2.= 8-11, 329;
Beach's intrigue and revolt, 11-4, 330-2, 334;
and Santa Anna after revolt, 15, 65, 85, 332;
arrangement with Scott, 65-7, 331, 357-8;
and peace, 125;
incitation of religious fervor against Americans, 142, 346;
American attitude toward, 211, 221, 324, 458, 459;
in treaty of peace, 248, 468.
_See also_ Government; Oligarchy.

Romero, Manuel, at Monterey, =1.= 243, 494;
and Taylor's march to Victoria, 542.

Rosa, Luis de la, opposes peace negotiations (1847), =2.= 136;
as Peña's minister, 181, 428;
at exchange of ratifications, appearance, 251;
and reopening of peace negotiations, 463;
minister at Washington, 475.

_Rosita_, Mexican privateer, =2.= 192, 193.

Rothschilds, and American funds in Mexico, =2.= 266, 488;
and war borrowings, 481.

Rowan, John, claims commissioner, =1.= 430.

Rowe, T. F., at siege of Puebla, =2.= 424.

Royce, Josiah, on justice of acquiring California, =2.= 322.

Ruiz de Apodaca. _See_ Apodaca.

Sabine River, as boundary, =1.= 63.

Sacramento, Cal., and Sutter's trading post, =1.= 318.

Sacramento River, battle of, Mexican force, =1.= 306, 519;
topography, Mexican defences, 306-8, 520;
map, 307;
Doniphan's formation, 308;
his crossing of Arroyo Seco and gaining of plateau, 309;
repulse of Mexican cavalry, 310;
artillery duel, 310;
capture of forts, 311-2, 520;
losses, 312.

St. Louis, enlistments, =1.= 195;
and Santa Fe trail trade, 286.

St. Louis _Missouri Reporter_, attacks policy of forbearance,
=1.= 121;
demand for war, 443.

St. Louis _Republican_, on rejection of Slidell, =1.= 120;
on war spirit, 132.

St. Louis _Reveille_, on war spirit, =1.= 126.

_St. Mary's_, in occupation of Tampico, =1.= 279, =2.= 197;
off Vera Cruz, =1.= 486;
in Home Squadron, =2.= 197, 442.

Salas, J. M., revolt in favor of Santa Anna, =1.= 217, 222, 485, 488;
on Santa Anna at San Luis Potosí, 379;
and Farías and Santa Anna, =2.= 1, 4;
and Polkos, 3;
supports Moderados, 4;
and rising against Farías, 13;
captured at Contreras, 110, 378;
and peace negotiations, 122;
and guerilla warfare, 169;
command in Army of the North, 369.

Saldaña, General, captured at Chapultepec, =2.= 411.

Saltillo, road from Monterey, Worth's movement on it, =1.= 239-44,
497;
Taylor's advance and occupation of town, 264-6;
Wool's expedition diverted to, 275, 358;
Doniphan joins Wool, 313, 521;
Santa Anna's plan against (Dec.), 357, 541;
and battle of Buena Vista, 383, 395, 555, 556, 559;
Valencia's plans against, =2.= 165;
under American rule, 213, 452;
Wool's later force, 417;
Hamtramck commands, 418.

San Agustín (Tlálpam), Scott's advance to, =2.= 96-8, 374, 381.

San Angel, Patterson's division at, =2.= 461.

San Antonio, Mex., fortification, =2.= 98;
American reconnaissance and advance, 102-3;
capture, 112, 382.

San Antonio, Texas, danger of Mexican attack (1846), =1.= 153;
gathering of Wool's force, 267;
aspect, 268.

San Antonio (Abad) garita, =2.= 147.

San Blas, as port, =1.= 3;
blockade, =2.= 206, 207, 448;
not occupied, 207, 448.

San Blas battalion, at Chapultepec, =2.= 410.

San Cosme garita, =2.= 147;
capture, 161-2, 413-4, 416.

San Diego, Cal., in the conquest, =1.= 336, 340, 534.

San Fernando de Presas, =1.= 259, 502.

San Fernando de Rosas, Wool at, aspect, =1.= 272.

San Francisco, Cal., importance of port, effort to acquire, =1.= 95,
323-4, 436.

San Gerónimo village, in battle of Contreras, =2.= 104, 105, 107, 379,
380.

San Isidro, Harney at, =2.= 94.

San Jacinto, battle of, =1.= 47.

San José, Lower Cal., occupied, counter-attacks, =2.= 208, 448, 449.

San Juan, American post, =2.= 432.

San Juan Bautista, Perry's attacks, =2.= 199, 204-5, 443, 445.

San Juan de Ulúa, fortress, captured by French, =1.= 49;
position and strength, 349, 536, =2.= 19, 21, 333;
plan, 21;
and the siege, 33;
surrender, occupation, 36, 340;
plan for naval attack, 201, 444.
_See also_ Vera Cruz expedition.

San Lucas, occupied, =2.= 208.

San Luis Potosí, situation, =1.= 3;
Santa Anna at, 375-80;
his march against Taylor, 380;
Scott's intention to occupy, =2.= 184, 432;
war-party insurrection, 240, 466.

San Luis Potosí battalion, at Monterey, =1.= 494.

San Luis Potosí cavalry, at Monterey, =1.= 494.

San Luis Potosí state, in discussion on peace, =2.= 464.

San Pascual, Cal., battle, =1.= 341-2;
map, 341.

San Patricio, Texas, Taylor's intended movement, =1.= 452.

San Patricio corps of Irish deserters, at Buena Vista, =1.= 391, 393,
395;
origin, 494, 550;
at Churubusco, =2.= 111, 117, 385;
fate, 385.

Sanders, John, and artillery in Monterey campaign, =1.= 228;
in battle of Monterey, 246.

Sands, J. R., at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 338.

Santa Anna, Antonio López de, and education, =1.= 14;
first appearance, 31;
in Itúrbide's revolt, 33;
revolt against Itúrbide, 35;
and overthrow of Pedraza (1828), 40, 41;
and Spanish invasion, 41;
appearance and character, 42, 54, 220, 414, 415, 487, =2.= 312-3,
510;
in retirement, =1.= 44, 45, 47, 48, 52;
restores Pedraza (1832), 44-5;
elected President (1832), 45;
dictator with reactionary support, 46, 415;
plans, effect of Texan revolt, 47;
loses leg in attack on French, hero, 49;
undermines Bustamante, 49-50;
and Paredes revolt, 50;
seizes power (1841), dictatorship, 51-2;
constitutional President, 53;
overthrow, banished, 53-4;
and United States and Texas, 63, 66, 85-6, 433;
plans against Texas (1842-3), 67, 70;
closes New Mexican trade, 72;
and claims, 78;
hatred of United States, 103;
boasts power of army, 106;
invites a blockade, 110;
incites fears of Spanish America, 111;
on desire for war, 116;
"butcher," 117;
Polk's negotiations (1846), 201-3, 471, 478-9, =2.= 491, 493;
combination against Paredes, =1.= 215-7, 485;
Alvarez' revolt in favor of, 216;
return, 218, 486;
manifesto, 219;
position and caution, 219-22, 487;
policy and command of army only, 222-4;
reception at the capital, 222, 488;
sets out for front, 223;
and Monterey campaign, 230, 234, 494, 503;
and termination of Monterey armistice, 264;
and Tampico, 278, 511;
potential army, 283, 513;
policy toward northern frontier, 305;
and Doniphan's march, 306;
and California, 319;
plan to attack during Taylor's Victoria march, 357;
programme of one victory, 374-5;
at San Luis Potosí, incites patriotism, 375;
attitude of states toward, 376, 550;
and National Guard and officers, 376;
financial worries and operations, 377, =2.= 254-5, 477;
character of his northern army, =1.= 377, 379, 550;
rumors of his intended treachery and dictatorship, 378, 379, 551;
inaction condemned, 379;
plan to attack Taylor's weak and isolated force, 379, 543, 552;
march, force, 380-2, 552-4;
discovered by Americans, their flight to Buena Vista, 382-3, 554;
battle of Buena Vista, 384-97;
retires to preserve organized army, 397-8, 562;
retreat to San Luis Potosí, 398;
credited with victory, 399;
robs treasury (1844), 432;
and Texan boundary, 449;
and Salas and Farías, =2.= 1;
and Puros, 2-5;
and shelving of Farías, 4, 327;
and election (1846), 5;
and Church property, 9-12, 65, 329, 331;
and clerical revolt, supersedes Farías, 13-4, 331;
political position as Executive (1847), 14-5, 332;
and defence of Vera Cruz, 20, 334;
on surrender of Vera Cruz, 33, 341, 342;
preparations against Scott below Perote, 40-2, 346;
defences and force at Cerro Gordo, 42-5, 347, 348;
battle of Cerro Gordo, 48-59, 352;
flight, 55;
in retreat, 67, 358;
preparations at Orizaba, funds, 67, 359;
political influences on movements, at Puebla, 68-9, 360;
Amozoc affair, evacuates Puebla, 70, 360;
loss of prestige after Cerro Gordo, 80, 367;
as target for discontent, 82;
return to capital with army, breach of faith, 82-3, 368;
resumes executive power, opposition, 83-5;
defied by states, 86-7;
collection of matériel, 87;
organization of army, its character and officers, 87-9, 369;
plan of operation against Scott's advance, 89-90, 370;
defences, 90;
power and enthusiasm for, on start of final campaign, 91-2;
and Scott's march to San Agustín, 97-8, 374;
confidence in, again lost, 98;
southern line, 99-101, 374;
and Valencia's occupation of Contreras field, 102, 375;
and battle of Contreras, 105, 106, 110, 379, 380;
preparations at Churubusco, 110-1, 382;
battle of Churubusco, 112-9, 382-5;
attitude toward peace on his return (1846), 122, 124, 386;
and Trist mission, 130-2;
peace move after Churubusco, 133;
armistice, 133, 137-8, 394-6;
activity during it, combination against him, 134, 136, 398;
peace negotiations during armistice, 135-8, 396-400;
preparations at Molino del Rey, 142;
and the battle there, 144, 402, 404;
preparations against attack on city, 152;
and Chapultepec, 153-5, 410;
at Belén garita, 159, 160, 413;
at San Cosme garita, 161, 162;
evacuates the city, 163, 415;
and uprising in city, 167, 168, 420;
and guerilla warfare, 169;
siege of Puebla, 174-6;
battle of Huamantla, 176-8, 425, 426;
eliminated, 179-81, 427, 428;
yields command, 181, 429;
voluntary exile, 181, 242, 429;
and salary, 327;
capture of his wooden leg, 354;
Scott's proclamation on, 357;
and British offer of mediation, 368;
almost captured, 427.
_See also_ Mexico expedition.

Santa Barbara, Cal., Pico's convention, =1.= 329, 527;
occupied by Stockton, 337;
Frémont at, 345;
captured by insurgents, 534.

Santa Cruz de Rosales, capture, =2.= 166.

Santa Fe, Mex., powder-mill, =1.= 462, =2.= 87.

Santa Fe, N. Mex., Texan expedition, =1.= 72, 118;
occupied by Kearny, 296;
aspect, 296;
troops remaining at, 298;
population, 517;
condition of force at, 518.
_See also_ next title, and New Mexico.

Santa Fe trail, development and importance, =1.= 72, 284, 286, 514;
Kearny's expedition on, 288-9, 515.

Santa Rosa, Wool at, =1.= 272.

Santa Rosa Pass, skirmish, =1.= 541.

Santangelo, O. G. D. de A., claim, =1.= 427;
on outrages, 448.

Santiago, Fort, at Vera Cruz, =2.= 19.

_Saratoga_, in Pacific squadron, =2.= 189;
yellow fever, 195;
in Home Squadron, 446.

Saunders, J. L., attack at Tampico, =2.= 197, 441.

Saunders, R. M., American minister at Madrid, and Spanish mediation,
=2.= 503.

_Savannah_, at Monterey, =1.= 335;
and Frémont, 345, 536;
in Pacific squadron, =2.= 189, 447.

Schatzel, I. P., American consul at Matamoros, =1.= 455.

School of Mines, Mexican, =1.= 14.

Scenery, Mexican.
_See_ Physical aspect.

_Scorpion_, in Home Squadron, =2.= 446.

Scott, H. L., at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 335;
of Scott's staff, 366.

Scott, Martin, at Monterey, =1.= 245, 498.

Scott, Winfield, political ambition and the war, =1.= 130, =2.= 284,
390, 391;
relations with Polk, =1.= 130, 354, =2.= 75, 188, 436, 511;
and Taylor and Bliss, =1.= 141;
and Twiggs-Worth controversy, 144;
and advance to Rio Grande, 152-4;
and command in the field, 196, 198;
character, 197, 545, =2.= 248, 316-8;
war policy and clash with administration, relegated, =1.= 198-200,
476-8;
and Taylor's intelligence system, 227;
on Monterey, 261, 505, 506;
and Taylor, 262, 352, 353, 363, 368, 544;
and defensive-line policy, 283;
and war programme, 350, 351;
selected to command Vera Cruz expedition, 351-4;
and earlier rebuff, 353, 539;
and Harney, 364-5, 545, 546;
attitude toward Pillow, 367, =2.= 186, 378;
character of reports, =1.= 404, =2.= 59, 354;
and flintlocks, =1.= 450;
on Polk's alarm at outbreak, 476;
and Taylor's advance from the Rio Grande, 490;
and Doniphan's expedition, 517;
and Taylor's insubordinate advance, 547;
on Twiggs, =2.= 48;
attitude of troops, 49;
at Cerro Gordo, 56;
at Contreras, 105, 106, 378, 379;
at Churubusco, 111, 118, 119, 383;
halt after Churubusco, on it, 121, 386;
quarrel with Trist, 128, 389;
reconciliation and harmony, 130, 392, 397;
and douceur, 131, 132, 390, 391;
and Mexican attitude toward Trist, 132, 133, 390, 393;
peace move after Churubusco, 133;
armistice then, 133, 137, 138, 394-6, 398-9;
and Molino del Rey, 143, 147, 401, 402;
decides to attack Chapultepec, 149, 408;
misgivings on it, 154;
at the battle, 158;
and advance after Chapultepec, 161, 412, 414-6;
in Mexico City, 164, 415-6;
cabal against, 185-8, 434-8;
and Worth, 186, 361;
removed, 188, 438;
orders for military government, 455-7;
and Catholic church, 221;
discipline in Mexico City, 226, 459-60;
and local government there, 229;
on conduct of his army, 231;
pessimism on war outlook, 235;
and recall of Trist, 238, 465;
and peace negotiations and de facto truce, 240, 242, 467;
promise to protect peace government, 240;
and armistice after signing of peace, 242, 471;
magnanimity, 248, 317;
and tariff for Mexican ports, 262;
and levies on Mexicans, 265, 486-7;
political effect of Polk's attitude, 272;
political effect of actions, 278;
and foreign interests, 303;
achievement, 316-8;
invited to be dictator, 323;
on plan at Cerro Gordo, 350;
rebuke of Worth at Puebla, 361;
and Semmes's mission, 389;
suspected Rejón intrigue, 390;
Scott not acting in politics, 390;
proposal to facilitate peace by halting before Mexico, 393;
at southern front, 408;
and Peña government, 428;
plea for adequate forces, 510;
contrasts regulars and volunteers, 512.
_See also_ Mexico expedition; Vera Cruz expedition.

_Scourge_, in attack on Tuxpán, =2.= 203, 444;
at Alvarado, 344;
in Home Squadron, 446.

Scouting.
_See_ Intelligence.

Scurvy, in navy, =2.= 194.

_Sea_, at Tampico, =1.= 281.

Secession, and Texan annexation, =2.= 272.
_See also_ Coalition.

Second Artillery, in Scott's army, =2.= 77;
at siege of Vera Cruz, 343;
at Churubusco, 384;
in Lane's march to Puebla, 426;
garrison at Puebla, 433.

Second Dragoons, at Fort Jesup, =1.= 140;
go to Texas, 142-3;
advance to Saltillo, 264;
at Buena Vista, 388, 555;
in Monterey campaign, 492, 496;
at the battle, 497;
in Wool's march, 509;
in Harney's brigade, 541;
in Scott's army, =2.= 77;
at siege of Vera Cruz, 343;
at Churubusco, 384;
in Taylor's later force, 417.

Second Infantry, in Victoria march, =1.= 357;
in Harney's brigade, 541;
at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 53;
in Scott's army, 77;
at Churubusco, 114, 382;
at siege of Vera Cruz, 343.

Second Ligero, at Resaca de la Palma, =1.= 173, 174;
at Monterey, 494;
at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 52, 347.

Sedgwick, John, on Reynosa, =1.= 212;
on Scott and Pillow, =2.= 439.

Seiffart, ----, Prussian minister at Mexico, and peace negotiations,
=2.= 397.

Semmes, Raphael, at San Cosme garita, =2.= 162;
wrecked, 194;
on Worth at Puebla, 360;
bias of account, 373;
on Churubusco, 383;
and Scott, 389;
on Molino del Rey, 402, 403.

Senate, treaty of peace in, =2.= 246-8, 472-3.
_See also_ Congress, American.

Senobio, M., and siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 31;
in preparations below Perote, 40, 41;
guerilla, 421.

Sentmanat, Francisco, executed, =1.= 117, 241.

Serfdom in Mexico, =1.= 5.

Seven Laws, =1.= 47;
failure, 50.

Seventh Infantry, in Texas, =1.= 143;
Mexican propaganda in, 161;
at Fort Brown, 163;
march to Camargo, 209;
at Monterey, 245, 247, 492, 496, 501;
left there, 508;
in Smith's brigade, 541;
at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 51, 54, 55, 352;
in Scott's army, 77;
at Churubusco, 114, 382;
at siege of Vera Cruz, 343.

Seventh Line Infantry, Mexican, at Sacramento, =1.= 307;
at Monterey, 494.

Severance, Luther, encourages enemy, =2.= 280;
position in House, 496.

Sevier, A. H., on Polk and peace, =2.= 245;
ratification commissioner, 249, 251, 474.

Seward, W. H., on expansion, =1.= 444.

Seymour, Sir George, and California, =1.= 334, 336, 531.

Seymour, T. H., at Chapultepec, =2.= 410.

Shannon, Wilson, American minister at Mexico, and annexation of Texas,
=1.= 86, 87.

_Shark_, in Pacific squadron, =2.= 189.

Shaw, T. D., at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 338.

Shawnee Indians, in Kearny's expedition, =1.= 288.

Sherman, T. W., at Buena Vista, =1.= 390, 392, 395, 555;
in Smith's brigade, 541;
light artillery, =2.= 366.

Sherman, W. T., on California and independence, =1.= 321;
on treaty of peace, =2.= 246.

Shields, James, on enlistment, =1.= 195;
in Wool's march, 271, 509;
at Tampico, as governor, 282, =2.= 229, 418, 461;
Taylor on, =1.= 352;
in Vera Cruz expedition, 368, =2.= 27;
at Brazos, =1.= 476;
career, 509;
before Cerro Gordo, =2.= 49;
in the battle, 52, 53, 55;
wounded, 55, 352;
brigade in Scott's army, 78;
at Contreras, 105, 107, 108, 110, 379, 380;
at Churubusco, 115-7, 384;
force after that battle, 120;
wounded at Chapultepec, 157;
discipline, 215;
and douceur, 391;
and plan to attack Mexico City, 408;
retained in service, 432;
leaves Mexico, 438;
not West Pointer, 513.

Shiver, Captain, in Monterey campaign, =1.= 492, 496.

Shover, W. H., at Saltillo, =1.= 556, 559.

Shubrick, W. B., commands Pacific squadron, blockade order, =2.= 206,
446;
operations, 206-8, 447-9;
and occupied territory, 208.

_Siglo XIX_, on Herrera's rule, =1.= 56;
on Americans, 103;
on corruption, 417;
on Paredes revolt, 438;
on Church property and war funds, =2.= 8.

Silva, Mariano, and surrender of Monterey, Cal., =1.= 334.

Simmons, S. G., in Lane's march to Puebla, =2.= 426.

Simms, W. G., and absorption of Mexico, =2.= 243;
on Vera Cruz expedition, 336.

Simpson, Sir George, on California, =1.= 321.

Sinaloa state, and secession, =2.= 86.

Sitgreaves, Lorenzo, reconnaissance in Wool's march, =1.= 271.

Six-months men, Gaines's requisition and service, =1.= 196, 205, 452,
476, =2.= 272, 511.

Sixteenth Infantry, in Taylor's later force, =2.= 417, 418.

Sixth Infantry, in Wool's march, =1.= 509;
in Scott's army, =2.= 77;
at Churubusco, 112, 115, 116, 384;
at siege of Vera Cruz, 343;
at Molino del Rey, 402;
at Belén garita, 412.

Sixth Line Infantry, Mexican, at Monterey, =1.= 494;
at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 44, 54, 347.

Size of Mexico, =1.= 1.

Slavery, Mexico counts on help of American slaves, =1.= 107;
European warning against expansion, 114;
interests and attitude toward Mexico, 123;
extension not cause of war, 187-9, 473;
and war annexations, =2.= 274, 289, 492, 502;
politics of Wilmot Proviso, 286-7;
and stopping of the war, 500.

Slidell, John, Mexican mission and rejection, =1.= 91, 95-8, 100-1,
127, 145, 326, 436-9, 447, 453, 460;
on Oregon and Mexican controversies, 114, 115;
effect of rejection on American opinion, 120;
on failure of mission, 133, 135, 181;
and advance to Rio Grande, 152;
report on Santa Anna's attitude, 201;
and Patterson, 351;
and peace negotiations, =2.= 126, 387;
and Conner, 202;
House demand for instructions, 500.

Sloat, J. D., pacific instructions to (1845), =1.= 131, 447;
instructions on California, 326, 526, 530;
hesitation, final occupation of Monterey, 333-5, 530-1;
gives place to Stockton, 336;
squadron, =2.= 189.

Smith, A. J., and Mormon battalion, =1.= 290.

Smith, Ashbel, on Polk and war, =1.= 446.

Smith, C. F., at Resaca de la Palma, =1.= 172;
at Monterey, 242, 244, 498;
in march to San Agustín, =2.= 98;
at Churubusco, 112, 115, 116, 384;
battalion at Molino del Rey, 144, 145, 403;
and at Chapultepec, 161.

Smith, D. W., American consul at Matamoros, reports cited _passim_.

Smith, Ephraim Kirby, mortally wounded at Molino del Rey, =2.= 403.

Smith, G. W., and Cerro Gordo, =2.= 349;
with Scott, 366.

Smith, Isaac, on mistakes at Monterey, =1.= 503.

Smith, J. L., engineer company with Scott, =2.= 349, 356, 366;
and plan of attack on Mexico City, 408.

Smith, J. M., at Churubusco, =2.= 117.

Smith, M. L., reconnoitres Old Peñón, =2.= 369.

Smith, P. F., brigade in march to Monterey, =1.= 229, 492, 496;
in the battle, 245, 498;
commands at Monterey, 508;
brigade, 541;
and Cerro Gordo, =2.= 52;
brigade in Scott's army, 77;
at Contreras, 104-10, 376, 379;
at Churubusco, 114;
at Chapultepec, 156, 158, 408, 410;
in Mexico City, 163;
as governor there, 226;
armistice negotiations, 242, 394;
and evacuation, 252, 475;
on engineers, 320;
court of inquiry on Worth, 361;
credit for Contreras, 376;
career and character, 377;
not at conference on attack on capital, 408;
not West Pointer, 513.

Smith, Sidney, and American repudiation, =2.= 256.

Smith, William, on the war, =2.= 499.

Smuggling, Mexican, =1.= 17, 410.

Social conditions, in Mexico, idleness, =1.= 15, 22;
in country, 18;
in villages and towns, 19-21;
at the capital, 21-8;
character of ruling class, 25-7;
general conclusions, 28, 410;
Mexican statement on character, 411.
_See also_ Character; Population; Roman Catholic church.

Society, Mexican, conditions, =1.= 25;
intercourse in occupied territory, =2.= 230-1, 461-2.

Soldado, Fort, at Monterey, =1.= 241;
capture, 245, 498.

_Somers_, wrecked, =2.= 194;
in Home Squadron, 197, 442.

Sotepingo, captured, =2.= 113.

Soto, Juan, and defending of Vera Cruz, =2.= 22, 31, 341;
and preparations below Perote, 41;
and Santa Anna at Orizaba, 68.

South Carolina troops, call, =1.= 537;
in Taylor's later command, =2.= 417.
_See also_ Palmetto.

_Southampton_, in Pacific squadron, =2.= 447.

_Southern Quarterly Review_, on Worth, =2.= 360.

Spain, colonial policy, =1.= 29-30;
and Mexican-American relations (1846), 100;
and monarchy for Mexico, 448, 485, 486;
and Mexican privateering, =2.= 193;
attitude, 297, 298;
and blockade, 440, 449;
and mediation, 503.
_See also_ Bermúdez de Castro; Lozano.

Spanish, as class in Mexico, =1.= 3;
merchants, 17.
_See also_ Gachupines.

Spanish America, and expected Mexican-American war, =1.= 111;
and the actual war, =2.= 298.

Spanish language, key of pronunciation, =1.= xxi.

_Spectator_, on misrule in Mexico, =2.= 509.

Speight, Jesse, position in Senate, =2.= 496.

_Spitfire_, in occupation of Tampico, =1.= 279, 281;
in attack on Tuxpán, =2.= 203, 444;
at siege of Vera Cruz, 338;
in Home Squadron, 446.

Spooner, ----, Mexican Spy Company, =2.= 362.

_Springfield Illinois State Register_, on war and expansion, =1.= 444.

Staff, Scott's, =2.= 306.

Staniford, Thomas, brigade in Monterey campaign, =1.= 492.

States, Mexican.
_See_ Federalism.

Stauffer, Mrs. W. R., acknowledgment to. =1.= 451;
on Bliss, 451.

Stearns, A. J., as trader in California, =1.= 318;
and American occupation, 337.

Stephens, A. H., on the war, =1.= 183.

Steptoe, E. J., battery in Scott's army, =2.= 77;
during Chapultepec, 152, 409;
in Mexico City, 163;
at Cerro Gordo, 348;
at Belén garita, 415.

Sterett, J. S., at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 338.

Stevens, I. I., on mistakes at Monterey, =1.= 502;
at Churubusco, =2.= 113, 383;
on Cerro Gordo, 350, 353;
engineer with Scott, 366;
reconnoitres Old Peñón, 369;
on Molino del Rey, 402;
reconnoitres southern approach to capital, 408;
and plan of attack on capital, 408.

Stevenson, J. D., in California, =2.= 219.

Stewart, Andrew, on Walker, =2.= 480.

Stockton, R. F., pacific instructions to (1845), =1.= 131;
command in California, character, 336, 532;
and Frémont, address, 336, 532;
first southern campaign, 336-7, 532;
rule, 337-8;
plan against Mexico, 338;
second southern campaign, 339-44, 534-5;
sends aid to Kearny, 341;
and Frémont's capitulation, 346;
and blockade, =2.= 205;
relinquishes rule, 217.

Stone, C. P., ordnance officer with Scott, =2.= 366.

Storms, Mrs., in Mexico, =2.= 11;
and Scott, 39;
and absorption of Mexico, 243.

Storrs, Augustus, claim, =1.= 425.

_Stromboli_, in Home Squadron, =2.= 446.

Sub-treasury plan restored, =2.= 257, 479.

Sumner, Charles, on cause of war, =1.= 189;
attitude, 274;
demands recall of troops, 290.

Sumner, E. V., and Harney, =1.= 365;
at Cerro Gordo, disabled, =2.= 52, 350;
in Scott's army, 77;
at Molino del Rey, 144, 146, 403;
during and after Chapultepec, 161, 408, 410, 414.

Supplies.
_See_ Transportation.

Supreme Court, on title by conquest, =2.= 241, 468.

Surnames, Spanish, =1.= 44 _n._

Sutter, J. A., trading post, =1.= 318, 522.

Swift, A. J., and engineer corps, =1.= 451.

Tabasco River, Perry's expeditions, =2.= 199-200, 204-5, 443, 445;
map, 205.

Tacitus, on a Roman general, =2.= 313.

Tacubaya, Americans at, =2.= 134;
aspect, 138.

Tacubaya, Bases of, =1.= 51.

Talbot, Theodore, escape from Santa Barbara, =1.= 534.

Talcott, G. H., battery in Scott's army, =2.= 77;
at Cerro Gordo, 348.

Talcott, George, ordnance bureau, =1.= 474.

Tamaulipas cavalry, at Monterey, =1.= 494.

Tamaulipas state, plan to occupy, =1.= 263, 507;
authorities and Urrea, =2.= 166;
attitude toward United States, 215;
general occupation, 418;
and American tariff, 484.
_See also_ Tampico; Victoria.

Tampico, as port, =1.= 2;
situation, map, 276;
defences, 277;
reasons for occupation, 277, 511;
Conner's attitude, 277;
Mexicans evacuate, 278-9, 510;
American navy occupies, 279-81, 511-2;
securing, 281-2, 512, 546;
march of troops from Victoria to, 366, 546;
assemblage for Vera Cruz expedition, 367, 546;
plans for uprising, =2.= 165;
first naval attack, 197, 441;
under American rule, 214-5, 229, 230, 452, 461;
aspect, 214;
garrison, 418;
American tariff, 484.

_Tampico_, at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 338;
in Home Squadron, 445.

Tariff, Mexican protective, =1.= 17;
American, and the war, 105, 130, 186;
of 1846, political effect, opposition, =2.= 257, 273, 281, 286,
478-9;
proposed, on tea and coffee, 261, 285, 482;
American, for Mexican ports, 261-3, 303, 484, 500, 505.

Tattnall, Josiah, in occupation of Tampico, =1.= 281, 512;
in attack on Tuxpán, wounded, =2.= 203;
at siege of Vera Cruz, 338, 339.

Taxation, Mexican, of mines, =1.= 15;
Mexican war, =2.= 253;
question of American war, 258, 480.
_See also_ Finances; Tariff.

Taylor, Francis, field battery, =1.= 450;
in Scott's army, =2.= 77;
at Churubusco, 114;
during Chapultepec, 152, 409;
at Cerro Gordo, 348.

Taylor, George, at Huamantla, =2.= 425, 426.

Taylor, William, American consul at Vera Cruz, reports cited _passim_.

Taylor, Zachary, at Fort Jesup, =1.= 140;
career, 140;
character and ability, 140-1, 352, =2.= 315-6, 318;
Bliss as adjutant, =1.= 141, 451, =2.= 318;
takes force to Corpus Christi, =1.= 141-3;
its original size and first reinforcements, 142, 143, 454, =2.= 511;
condition of force, =1.= 143;
and Worth-Twiggs rank controversy, 144;
attitude of officers and men, 144, 362, 372, 374, 549;
Rio Grande campaign [_see_ this title];
neglects to acquire information, 145, 161, 208, 226, 249, 374, 451,
464, 476, 478, 549;
fortifies the Mexicans, 158-61, 163, 177;
hero after Rio Grande campaign, 179;
Presidential ambition, personal effect, perverted judgments, 179,
208, 352, 363, 368, 538, 547, =2.= 284;
and volunteers, =1.= 191, 474, =2.= 212, 450;
relations with Polk, mutual hostility, =1.= 196, 263, 352-3, 507,
538, 544, 547;
continued in command, 200, 478;
feelings and problems at Matamoros, 204, 208, 481;
volunteer reinforcements, their camps and morale, 205-8, 480, 481;
Monterey campaign, [_see_ this title];
results of campaign to, 261, 506;
condition and size of force after it, 262, 506;
fears displacement, 262;
and Scott, 262, 352, 353, 363, 368, 544;
and Patterson's orders for Tamaulipas, 263, 507;
advance and occupation of Saltillo, 264-6;
and Wool's march, 275, 276, 509, 510;
entire force of department (Dec., 1846), 282, 355, 513, 537, 539;
defensive-line policy, 282-3, 347, =2.= 183;
insubordinate letter to Gaines, =1.= 347, 507;
on war programme, 349, 536;
instructed not to operate beyond Monterey, 350;
and command of Vera Cruz expedition, 351-3, 539;
and Scott's plans for expedition, 355-6, 363, 540, 543-4, 546, 552;
sets out for Victoria, 357-60, 541-2;
frustrates Scott's plan for conference, 356, 358, 541, 542;
temporary return to Monterey expecting attack, 357;
to Victoria, 362;
returns to Monterey, 365, 368;
insubordinate advance to Agua Nueva, 368, 373-4, 547;
Buena Vista campaign [_see_ this title];
belittles enemy, 374, 463;
visits to Saltillo during battle, 383, 388, 555, 556;
return to the field, 385, 391;
personal part in battle, 393, 395;
guerilla operations against, suppression of them, 399, =2.= 169-71,
421, 422;
effect of battle on Presidential chances, =1.= 400;
on capture of Tampico, 511, 512;
force at time of Buena Vista battle, 548;
and further operations, =2.= 165, 417;
Valencia's plans against, 165, 419;
leaves front, 166;
ordered policy toward inhabitants, 210-1;
failure to preserve discipline at Matamoros, 211, 450;
and levies on Mexicans, 264;
political effect of Polk's attitude, 272;
and of own actions, 278, 493;
candidacy as vindication of the war, 292;
foreign criticism, 306-7, 507;
achievement, 315-6, 318;
later force, 417;
not West Pointer, 513.

Taylor, Fort.
_See_ Brown.

Tea and coffee, proposed American impost, =2.= 261, 285, 482.

Tecolote, Kearny's expedition at, =1.= 292.

Tehuacán, and Santa Anna, =2.= 429.

Tehuantepec, in peace negotiations, =2.= 466.

_Telégrafo_, on Santa Anna as hero, =1.= 485.

Telégrafo hill at Cerro Gordo, fortifications, =2.= 42, 44;
attacks on, capture, 52-5, 350, 352, 354.

Téllez, Rafael, and California expedition, =1.= 523, =2.= 447;
at Mazatlán, 207, 447.

Temascalitos.
_See_ Brazito.

Temple, R. E., regiment in Taylor's force, =2.= 417.

Ten Regiment Bill, passage and amendment, =2.= 74-5, 363-4.

Tenería redoubt at Monterey, =1.= 249-250;
capture, 251-3, 500;
after capture, 255.

Tennessee troops, enlistments, =1.= 195;
in Texas, 205;
at Camargo, 211;
in Victoria march, 357;
in Monterey campaign, 492, 496;
at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 56, 57, 352, 353;
at siege of Vera Cruz, 343;
leave Scott, 356;
further call, 431.

Tenth Infantry in Taylor's force, =2.= 417, 418.

Tenth Line Infantry, Mexican, at Chapultepec, =2.= 408.

Terrés, A., at Belén garita, =2.= 159, 160, 413;
brigade, 369.

Terrett, G. H., at Chapultepec, =2.= 410.

Tête de pont.
_See_ Bridgehead.

Texas, effect of revolt on Santa Anna, =1.= 47;
conditional recognition by Mexico, 55;
American efforts to purchase, 59, 62, 418, 419;
United States and revolt, recognition and neutrality, 63, 66,
422-3, 432, =2.= 311;
neutrality and Gaines's expedition, =1.= 64-6, 420-2;
British designs, 67;
Santa Anna's threatened invasions (1842-43), 67, 70, 121;
Webster's protest (1842), 69;
antislavery opposition and Mexican relations, 70;
Santa Fe expedition, 72, 118;
annexation justified, 82-3, 432, =2.= 311, 322, 509;
and European aid, =1.= 82, 86;
Mexico and expected annexation, 83-6;
American offers of indirect payment to Mexico, 84-6, 88-9, 91, 95,
433-6;
Mexican diplomatic rupture and war preparations on annexation, 87,
126, 132, 434;
as expected theatre of war, 107, 110;
Europe and annexation, 113, =2.= 295, 303, 501, 502, 506;
American resentment of Mexican outrages, =1.= 117;
protection and question of southern boundary, 138, 153, 457, 470;
Taylor's force in, 142-3, 454;
annexation as cause of the war, 189, 445-6, 448, =2.= 276;
and Jackson's message on claims, =1.= 428;
British and French recognition of republic, 432;
in peace negotiations, =2.= 135, 136, 238, 396, 398, 399, 463, 464,
469;
effect of annexation on Polk's position, 272;
justice of revolt, 311;
and Kearny's occupation of New Mexico, 497.
_See also_ Rio Grande; Texas troops.

Texas, Fort.
_See_ Brown.

Texas troops, rangers, =1.= 143, 236;
calls, 150, 480, 537;
in Monterey campaign, 237, 241-4, 256, 492, 496, 501;
and Santa Anna's advance, 382, 554;
at Buena Vista, 389, 556;
retaliation for guerillas, =2.= 169;
conduct, 212, 450;
in Taylor's later force, 417;
in Lane's operations, 427.
_See also_ Hays; Henderson, J. P.

Theatre, Mexican, =1.= 24.

Thiers, L. A., and United States, =2.= 296.

Third Artillery, in Twiggs's division, =1.= 541;
at Buena Vista, 555;
in Scott's army, =2.= 77;
in California, 219;
at siege of Vera Cruz, 343;
in Taylor's later force, 417;
at Huamantla, 425.

Third Cavalry, Mexican, at Monterey, =1.= 494.

Third Dragoons, in Scott's army, =2.= 77, 364, 432;
origin, 363;
in Taylor's later force, 417;
in Lane's operations, 426, 427.
_See also_ Dragoons.

Third Infantry, at Fort Jesup, =1.= 140;
goes to Texas, 141-2;
at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, 164, 167, 467;
at Monterey, 250, 256, 492, 496, 502;
in Harney's brigade, 541;
at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 54, 352;
in Scott's army, 77;
at Churubusco, 117;
at siege of Vera Cruz, 343;
at Chapultepec, 410.

Third Ligero, at Monterey, =1.= 494;
at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 347;
at Chapultepec, 410.

Third Line Infantry, Mexican, at Monterey, =1.= 494;
at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 44, 347.

Thirteenth Infantry, in Taylor's force, =2.= 417.

Thom, George, topographical engineer with Scott, =2.= 366.

Thomas, G. H., at Reynosa, =1.= 204;
at Buena Vista, 394.

Thompson, G. L., special mission to Mexico, =1.= 84, 85, 433.

Thompson, G. W., on Democratic dissensions, =2.= 282.

Thompson, Waddy, minister at Mexico, and decree expelling Americans,
=1.= 73-4;
and claims, 80, 426, 432;
and Bocanegra's threat, 84;
on Mexico and slavery, 188;
opposes war, 189;
encourages enemy, =2.= 280.

Thornton, Edward, of British legation at Mexico, and Trist mission,
=2.= 130, 131, 390;
and peace, 133;
and reopening of negotiations, 237-9, 463;
and mediation, 506.

Thornton, S. B., force captured, =1.= 149, 455.

Thucydides, on vigilance in campaign, =1.= 371;
on power and justice, =2.= 323.

Thurman, A. G., on Delano's inconsistency, =2.= 277;
position in House, 496.

Tibbatts, J. W., regiment in Taylor's force, =2.= 417.

_Tiempo_, monarchist organ, =1.= 214;
on Americans, 484.

Tilden, D. R., on regulars, =2.= 320.

Tlacotálpam, Hunter at, =2.= 344.

Tlálpam.
_See_ San Agustín.

Tlaxcala, Americans at, =2.= 427.

Tobacco monopoly, mismanagement, =2.= 328.

Todos Santos, skirmish, =2.= 449.

Toluca, seat of Peña's government, =2.= 180;
occupied, 184, 433.

Toluca, Valley of, Americans in, =2.= 134;
aspect, 180.

Toluca battalion, at Chapultepec, =2.= 408.

Toombs, Robert, on Polk and war, =1.= 130;
opposes war, 189.

_Topaz_, claim, =1.= 424.

Topo road at Monterey, Worth's advance, =1.= 239, 241-4, 497.

Topographical engineers with Scott, =2.= 366.

Topography of Mexico, =1.= 1.
_See also_ Physical aspect.

Tornel y Mendivil, J. M., appearance, =1.= 25;
character, 46;
and Santa Anna's interests, 46, 49, =2.= 83, 85;
and Herrera, =1.= 56;
and Butler, 62;
and expulsion of Americans, 73;
and Paredes, 99;
hatred of United States, 103;
on Texas as theatre of war, 107;
and hope in privateering, 109;
and the war, 213, 484;
and attack on Taylor, 456;
and overthrow of Paredes, 485;
opposes peace negotiations (1847), =2.= 137;
and clerical crusade against Americans, 142;
and uprising in city, 167;
and riot during armistice, 396;
and Molino del Rey, 404.

Torrejón, A., attacks Thornton, =1.= 149;
force at Matamoros, 158;
on Taylor's line of communication, 162;
at Palo Alto, 165, 167, 168;
at Resaca de la Palma, 171;
at Buena Vista, 390, 557;
brigade in Monterey campaign, 494;
at Las Bocas, 553;
at Contreras, =2.= 107, 110, 378.

Totten, J. G., chief engineer, =1.= 475;
at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 335, 336.

Tower, Z. B., at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 50, 56, 349;
reconnoitres San Antonio, 102;
at Contreras, 107, 379;
engineer with Scott, 366;
reconnoitres southern approach of capital, 408;
and plan of attack on capital, 408.

Towns, aspect of Mexican, =1.= 19-21.

Towson, Nathan, paymaster general, =1.= 475.

Traconis, J. B., at San Juan Bautista, =2.= 200.

Trade.
_See_ Commerce.

Traill, X. F., at Buena Vista, =1.= 389.

Transportation, in Mexico, =1.= 16, 18;
in Taylor's advance to Monterey, 209, 227, 482, 490, 491, 493;
in Wool's march, 274;
Taylor's and guerilla warfare, 399-400, =2.= 169-70;
Scott's problem and guerillas, 38, 62, 77, 171, 344, 355, 365, 422,
423.

Treasury.
_See_ Finances.

Treasury notes, American war issues, =2.= 258, 260, 479-82.

Treaties and conventions, draft, of limits (1828), =1.= 60, 418;
of limits (1832), 61, 419;
of amity and commerce, 61, 419;
claims arbitration (1838, 1839), 79, 81, 431.
_See also_ Peace.

Trias, Angel, as governor of Chihuahua, =1.= 305-6;
battle of Sacramento, 306-13, 519, 520;
at Rosales, =2.= 166, 419.

Trigueros, Ignacio, conference with Santa Anna, =2.= 368.

Trist, N. P., on monks, =1.= 408;
and Texas boundary, 449;
appointment as Polk's agent, character, =2.= 127;
preconceived attitude toward Scott, 127;
papers, 128;
misunderstanding and quarrel with Scott, 128-9, 389;
British mediation with Mexicans, 129-30, 390;
reconciliation and harmony with Scott, 130, 392, 397;
and douceur, 131-2;
negotiations during armistice, 135-6, 138, 396-400;
on Pillow, 185;
reopens negotiations, 235, 463;
recall, 236, 464;
ignores it, 237-8, 465, 467;
boundary ultimatum, 238;
meetings and treaty, 239-40, 466;
criticism of Polk, Polk's hatred, 244;
ignored in ratification commission, 248, 473;
on Scott, 316, 317;
Mexican commissioners on, 323;
and plan of attack on Mexico City, 408;
on volunteers, 513.

_Triton_, blockader, =2.= 448.

Trollope, Frances E., jibes, =2.= 294.

Trousdale, William, at Chapultepec, =2.= 154, 160, 410;
regiment, 363.

_Truxtun_, wrecked, =2.= 202, 445;
in Home Squadron, 442.

Tucker, George, on Walker, =2.= 480.

Tula, force at, =1.= 550, 553.

Turnbull, William, topographical engineer with Scott, =2.= 366.

Tuxpán, naval capture, =2.= 202-3, 444.

Twelfth Infantry, in Scott's army =2.= 78, 363, 422, 432;
at Churubusco, 384;
during Chapultepec, 408.

Twiggs, D. E., in Texas, =1.= 143;
rank controversy, 144;
advances to Rio Grande, 146;
at Palo Alto, 164, 167;
in Monterey campaign, 250, 404, 492, 496;
division reorganized, 357, 541;
to Tampico, 357, 365-6;
at Lobos Islands, 368;
landing at Vera Cruz, =2.= 26;
at siege, 27, 30, 343;
march of division to Cerro Gordo, 39, 45-8, 345, 349;
force and artillery, 45;
appearance and character as general, 48;
blunders into Cerro Gordo defences and retreats, 48, 349;
question of assault, 49;
in the battle, 50-3, 350, 352, 354;
march to Puebla, 72;
division in Scott's army, 77, 356;
in advance from Puebla, 92, 94, 97, 371;
at Contreras, 103, 109, 380;
at Churubusco, 113, 383, 385;
force after the battle, 120;
during armistice, 134;
advance after armistice, 142, 401;
and plan of attack on Mexico City, 149, 408;
feint during Chapultepec, 152, 153, 409;
court of inquiry on Worth, 361;
on credit for Contreras, 376;
governor of Vera Cruz, 457;
and peace negotiations, 464.

Twiggs, Levi, at Chapultepec, killed, =2.= 156, 157;
commands Marines with Scott, 366.

Tyler, John, expects war with Mexico (1842), =1.= 69;
and California, 324.

Ugarte, M., and Kearny's march, =1.= 289, 294, 297.

Ulúa.
_See_ San Juan de Ulúa.

_Unico_, Mexican privateer, =2.= 191, 193.

Unión battalion, at Chapultepec, =2.= 408.

_United States_, at Monterey, =1.= 423.

University, Mexican, =1.= 14.

Upham, William, and war bill, =1.= 183.

Upper class.
_See_ Aristocracy.

Upshur, A. P., and Mexican-Texan relations, =1.= 70;
protest against trade restrictions, 73;
and annexation of Texas, 84.

Upton, Emory, on inadequacy of Mexico expedition, =2.= 510.

Uraga, J. López, at Palo Alto. =1.= 165;
at Resaca de la Palma, 173, 174;
at Monterey, 233, 494;
at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 53.

Urrea, José, forays, =1.= 400, 562;
at Tula, 550;
at Buena Vista, 553;
and plans against Taylor, =2.= 165;
removed, 166;
guerilla, 169.