Chapter D: M. S (1)

NON. SVFECERAT. VNO. DOLORE.
MISEROS. BIBERE. PARENTES.
QVOD. IAM. VNAM. NATAM. OMISER
ANT. ANTE. ECCE. NVNC. ET. ALIAM.
SAEPELITAM. VNO. DOLOREM.
QVOD. IAM. PROPE. NYPPTVM. MYSERAE.
DEFVNCTAE. SVNT. AMBAE. SET.
QVI. DOLOR. ABS. TE. NOBIS. HARMO
NIA. RVFA. RELICTVM. EST. VT. ANNI
S. XIII. M. VI. D. XXVI. NOBISCVM. AD
VIXERIS. VNA. ET. NOS. OPTAMVS.
AD. VOS. PROPERARE. PARENTES.
EGO. PATER. HARMONIVS. JANVA
RIVS. CVM. BESTA. MATREM.
QVAE GEMVIT. VIBET. ET. DOLET. CLO
DIA. TROPHIME. NEC. DVBITA
MVR. ENIM. VITA. CARERE. MO ....

ΗΛΥΘΕΣ. ΟΥΚ. ΑΒΟΑΤΟΣ. ΕΝΙ. ΤΡΙΣΣΑΙΣ. ΔΕΚΑΔΕΣΣΙΝ.
ΘΕΥΔΟΤΕ. ΤΑΝ. ΖΩΟΙΣ. ΟΙΜΑΝ. ΟΦΕΙΛΟΜΕΝΑΝ.
ΚΑΙ. ΣΕ. ΤΟΝ. ΕΝ. ΣΠΟΝΔΑΙΣΙ. ΓΕΓΑΘΟΤΑ. ΠΟΥΛΥ. ΜΕΤ. ΑΣΤΩΝ.
ΜΑΤΗΡ. ΑΙΑΖΕΙ. ΜΥΡΟΜΕΝΑ. ΠΡΥΤΑΝΙΝ.
ΠΕΤΡΟΣ. Ο. ΔΕ. ΞΕΙΝΟΙΣΙ. ΒΟΑΣΕΤΑΙ. ΩΣ. ΑΙΔΑΛΟΣ.
ΑΣΦΑΛΕΣ. ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΙΣ. ΟΥΘΕΝ. ΕΝΕΙΜΕ. ΤΥΧΑ.
ΕΙΗΣ. ΤΟΙ. ΣΥΜ. ΠΑΤΡΙ. ΚΕΧΑΡΜΕΝΟΣ. ΟΦΡΑΝ. ΕΣ. ΑΨΩ[143].
ΣΩΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ. ΕΝ. ΦΘΙΜΕΝΟΙΣ. ΜΥΡΙΟΝ. ΑΙΝΟΝ. ΕΧΗ.

May iii.

Mr. _Vandeput_, Dr. _Cockburn’s_ youngest son, and myself, hire a couple of chaises, and make a journey into _North Holland_. We pass _Monnikedam_, the _Beemster_, and so to _Alckmair_; where we observe the beautiful and clean streets, the stadthouse, the church, and noble picture there of the year 1504, the delightful woods, and artificial walks. We return that night, but not without being imposed on by the owner of our chaises.

May xi.

Having continued thus long at _Amsterdam_, enjoying the company of my good friends, and amusing my self with the variety of entertainments, which this place affords to strangers, I now depart for _Naerden_ in the _treck schuyt_ by the way of _Muyden_, whither I am kindly accompanied by Mr. _Le Jolle_. There I arrive by two a clock, and having viewed that complete and compact fortification, I depart at six in a post chaise for _Utrecht_, where I arrive by nine, and lodge without the gate. In the morning I repair to Mr. _Foley_, and am by him invited to lodge in his apartment. He carried me to visit _Holthenus_, a learned divine and minister of the place, who had then the care of the new edition of _Gruter_; and has a good collection of coins, among which was observable _Nerva_ of the largest size, the reverse a palm tree, with the legend FISCI IVDAICI CALVMNIA ABLATA.

May xiv.

Mr. _Foley_ and my self hire a traveling chaise and pair at _Utrecht_, with which we proceed to _Amerford_, and from thence to the King’s house at _Loo_, where we arrive by three a clock in the afternoon. And upon our return to _Utrecht_ the day following, I begin to think of _England_, and accordingly prepare my self for a voyage by the first convenient passage.

_To the Reverend Dr._ Thomas Turner.

Reverend Sir,

Your great goodness will excuse the tardiness of this letter, when I assure you, that I have been long ambitious of collecting any thing, that might deserve your notice; tho hitherto I have been successless in that desire. Many things indeed have occurred observable to me; but I could not hope at the same time, that they might appear such to you. For it is common with unexperienced travelers to be transported with pleasure and admiration, when their accounts are not able to raise the same affections in their freinds; either because they converse with men of better judgment, or because the most valuable relations must needs be heard with a greater coldness, than the things were seen. But notwithstanding these discouragements, I have lately looked back upon my _Journal_, to see if any thing might there appear remarkable at this distance; and tho a short voyage by sea must be barren of all real curiosity, yet for the subject of this letter I shall now trouble you with some of the things, which I observed at _Cadiz_, _Messina_, and _Milo_, the three only places, where we touched in our passage hither.

In _Cadiz_, as in most other parts of the Spanish dominions, there is nothing very curious, but in their churches or convents; and this, when once seen, is to be deplored, rather than admired. For when you first come into the town, you are not so much struck with a face of religion, as with the notion of a certain politic game, where the priests are soon discovered to be the only winners. Since in the whole place there is nothing fat and well favoured, but the clergy. The rest of the inhabitants appear meagre, wan, and melancholy, being mostly employed either in repairing to mass, or returning from it; sometimes counting their beads, and at other times perhaps lugging an heavy Saint in their arms. And therefore, were they not supported under this condition by a certain natural pride, which is fed partly with the real history of their former state, and partly with a romantic imagination of their present grandeur; they would soon become so sensible of their slavish poverty and superstition, as either to break their own hearts, or that yoke, which oppresses them.

There are several religious houses in this city, one of Franciscans, another of Dominicans, a third of Augustins, and a fourth of Capuchins; besides some nunneries, and a fifth convent called the _Mercy_, being founded for the redemption of Christian slaves. There is likewise an hospital, named the _Hospital of St. John of God_; where we saw a large and decent infirmary for sick and wounded persons, whether natives or foreigners. There is nothing much remarkable in these places, besides the altar pieces of their chapels, which are every where gaudily and richly furnished; but those particularly of the cathedral church, and Dominican convent, are adorned with tables of wrought and massy silver. On the walls is seen abundance of painting and imagery, the device of which is for the most part offensive, or ridiculous. An instance of the latter was the picture of _St. Michael_, with a pair of scales in his hand, weighing the merits of departed saints: of the former, the pourtraiture of _God the Father_, in the shape of an _old man_; with many other blasphemous representations of the _Trinity_. Either in their vestries, or their chapels, there is commonly the _Saint_ of their order pourtrayed at large, in a gaudy habit, and inclosed in a case of glass. Other lesser images of Saints they expose in holes of the wall, where it faces the town; and to these the devouter part of the people pay their several occasional oraisons, as they pass the streets. This large multitude of altars and saints, which every where appears at _Cadiz_, could not but remind me of what the priestess in _Petronius_ sais: _Utique nostra regio tam praesentibus plena est numinibus, ut facilius possis deum, quam hominem invenire_[144]. But not to tire your patience with the many odd pieces of superstition, which occur in every corner of the city, I shall give you a relish of the whole in the two following instances.

The first of these is a specious inscription over the entrance to a private house, occasion by the following accident. In a late solemn procession upon _Corpus Christi_ day there happened a storm of rain, which was in danger of offering some disrespect to the host; and therefore they thought convenient to give it shelter in the next house, they could step into. Among these zealous people this was construed such a blessing to the man and his family, that the house is ever since looked upon as sacred; and the owner has been at a considerable charge to erect a pair of marble pillars at the entrance into his porch, adorned with carving, and inscribed after this magnificent manner: “That in the year 1692, _Innocent_ XII being Pope, _Charles_ II King of Spain, _Buzzia_ Bishop of Cadiz, and _Don Velasco_ governor of the same Herculean city.” _Cum arca vera, panem angelicum carnem factum continens, triumphali processionis pompa, die festo_ Dominici Corporis _deduceretur, et, saeviente turbine, irreverentiae periculum immineret; harum aedium dominus_, Didacus de Barias, _exivit obviam absconditae majestati, et fidei Centurionis aemulus procidit, indignum se profitens, cujus tectum_ Dominus _subiret, eumque honorifice in oratorio suo suscipere meruit. Quare, Deo favente, sacra catholica majestas cooperari volens domui huic praeeminentiae praerogativam concessit, etc._ This accident has rendred _Didacus de Barias_ a meer Saint, and his house a most inviolable sanctuary, in the esteem of the poor Spaniards. Tho our English merchants well know him to be a rank Jew, who being therefore liable to death by the law of Spain, was always forced to live under disguise, and now gladly embraced this opportunity of passing for a zealot. The Jews indeed have formerly been very insolent in Spain. One of the last instances of which was a certain indignity of a shoemaker, who buried a crucifix under the place, where his customers tried on their shoes, that by this stratagem he might oblige Christians to stamp upon the cross. But this nation being since banished that kingdom under the pain of the severest death, they, who still covertly remain so, are obliged to profess themselves of the popish faith, which they can do without any great regret; it being easy to be of two religions, where both consist only in external show and ceremonies.

The other memorable piece of superstition is to be observed in the convent of the Capuchin friery, who within these three years have acquired an extraordinary esteem, by means of a certain lady, who acknowledged herself cured of a dangerous malady by virtue of their intercession. This was an hint, which they thought very improvable; and have therefore since set up for such a stock of merit, that their cloister is already filled with waxen figures of legs, arms, heads, women’s breasts, and other offerings, of so many maimed and distempered persons, whom these Saints have restored by their peculiar interest in heaven. One particularly, who was indebted to them for a more than ordinary blessing, has erected a stately monument on that account, before the entrance into their convent. It is an handsome Ionic pillar, made of white marble, inrailed with a large square of stone, in the front of which is a crucifix, and an image of the _Virgin_, under the title of the _Triumphant Lady_. And this new figure is already become such an idol, that the zealous gossips of the town will often approach it upon their knees, at near the distance of a furlong.

Having been detained about a week at _Cadiz_, we set sail October 11, 1699, and by the favour of a fortunate west wind were advanced within nine days near the entrance of the _Faro_ of _Messina_; where we lay becalmed two or three days, under the island of _Stromboli_, as after our departure from _Messina_ we did likewise under mount _Aetna_. Each of these was an opportunity of entertaining our sight with the dreadful curiosity of those burning mountains; where we observed the _crater_ of both to cast up a continued pillar of smoke, and at repeated distances a terrible red blaze of fire. Afterwards being favoured with a gentle gale, a pilot came from the city to steer us thro the difficult strait of _Scylla_ and _Charybdis_. Here I was curious to observe the situation of these places, especially because the latter is used in a confused and uncertain sense in classic authors. But upon a diligent view of the place it self, and a companion of some clear expressions in antiquity, the best judgment I could form of it was this, which follows. In _Thucydides_[145], and other good historians, _Charybdis_ signifies the whole strait betwixt _Sicily_ and _Calabria_; but in _Homer_[146], _Virgil_[147], and other poets, it is restrained to that peculiar whirlpool, which flows under the opposite rock of _Scylla_. Betwixt these two we found the current so various, that our ship was obliged to stand five or six different ways in a few minutes sailing; and at the same time it was surprizing to hear the waves bubble in a continued hideous noise, well expressed in the poets by the barking of dogs round the bowels of _Scylla_.

As we lay at anchor at _Messina_, we were presented with a delightful landskip, which the narrow winding of the _Faro_, the verdure of the opposite shores, the wall, the citadel, and town itself afforded. The front of the whole city is one continued pile of buildings, extending three quarters of a mile in length, from the Viceroy’s house to that called the _French bastion_. It intirely consists of free stone, being raised four story high, adorned with carved windows, balconies, battlements, and other ornaments, all answering to each other with an exact regularity. No house has any doors to the sea, but the entrance is at large gates, which front so many streets of the city, placed at equal distances, and each of them inscribed with some religious device. This range is contrived, as for ornament, so likewise for defence; it being at the bottom of a prodigious thickness, so as to withstand a siege, and decreasing proportionably towards the top. The whole running in a bend, which is every where equidistant from the sea, represents a curvilineal amphitheatre. The inner part of the city does not answer to this magnificence of the front; tho there often occur many single pieces of great art and curiosity. Such as the _King’s statue_ on horseback, exactly resembling that of our late King _Charles_ at _Windsor_. The _Statue_ of _Don John of Austria_, in memory of the victory obtained by him at _Lepanto_ in 1571. The beautiful structure of a public _fountain_, adorned at the bottom with four large and masterly figures, representing _Nilus_, _Iberus_, _Tiber_, and _Euripus_. But more curious than the rest is a figure of _Neptune_ on the mole, cast in solid brass, and attended on each side with two very natural representations of the monsters _Scylla_ and _Charybdis_.

But it was not so entertaining to observe these, as deplorable to see, what St. _Paul_ bewailed at _Athens_, a city wholly given to idolatry and superstition. It affords a melancholy consideration to any serious spectator, to be witness to so many vain and hypocritical addresses made to the images and altars, which abound in this deluded place. For this brings the like scandal upon Christianity, as was so offensive under the ranked heathenism, and too truly exposes the subjects of it to that derision of _Lucretius_:

_Nec pietas ulla est velatum saepe videri_
_Vertier ad lapidem, et quascunque accedere ad aras_[148].

They are here furnished with nunneries and monasteries to the number of sixty odd, most of which are loftily built, and add the greatest grace to the structure of the city. In the college of _St. Nicholas_ I observed the pictures of our five _Jesuits_, who were executed for the popish plot, with a specious account when, and how, they were crowned with martyrdom for the profession of the faith in _England_. In the nunnery of _Sta. Maria della Scala_ they shew a stone sculpture of the _Virgin_ and our _Savior_, which they verily beleive to have been taken from the life. In the cathedral church there are twelve noble figures of the _Apostles_, exquisitely carved in clear and costly marble. The isle, which composes the body of the church, is ranged on each side with thirteen stately pillars, twelve of which are antient of the Corinthian order, brought formerly from a temple of _Neptune_, that stood near the promontory _Pelórus_. There are here three gaudy altars, that want nothing, which art or expence could contribute to adorn them; for below they are set with work of _lapis lazuli_, and above are covered with cupolas of true mosaic. But over the high altar, at the east end of the cathedral, is preserved in golden characters, and embellished with a rich variety of other ornaments, one of the greatest delusions in all popery. It is a letter, which according to the tradition of this church was sent to the _Messanians_ by the _B. Virgin_, upon their conversion by St. _Paul_, soon after he touched at _Rhegium_. It is reasonably concise, and therefore I shall venture to trouble you with the words, as faithfully transcribed.

_Maria Virgo, Joachim filia, Dei humillima, Christi Iesu
crucifixi mater, ex tribu Juda, stirpe David, Messanensibus
omnibus salutem, et Dei Patris Omnipotentis benedictionem._

_VOS omnes fide magna legatos ac nuncios per publicum
documentum ad nos misisse constat. Filium nostrum, Dei
genitum, Deum et hominem esse fatemini, et in caelum post
suam resurrectionem ascendisse_, Pauli _Apostoli electi
praedicatione mediante, viam veritatis agnoscentes. Ob quod vos
et ipsam civitatem benedicimus, cujus perpetuam protectricem
nos esse volumus. Anno Filii nostri_ XLII. _Ind._ 1. 3 _nonas
Junii_. _Luna_ XXVII. V. _Ex_ Hierosolymis.

Maria Virgo.

_Quae supra hoc chirographum approbavit._

You see, that he, who had the impudence to forge this imposture, had likewise the stupidity to date it by two _epochas_, the latter of which did not commence before the reign of _Constantine the Great_, and the former not till that of _Justinian_. The Hebrew original they confess not to be now extant. And as to this, which they call the authentic translation, it would be impossible to beleive them serious in venting so foul a cheat; but that they pompously expose it to all the world in their metropolitan church, and celebrate it by a yearly feast, and public rejoicings of a whole month’s continuance; that it has been confirmed by repeated indulgences from the court of _Rome_; and that at the west end of the church there are divers solemn inscriptions, importing, that in some general calamities of _Sicily_, there particularly specified, the _Virgin_ still protected her _Messina_, according to her most faithful promise in the _Holy Letter_. This naturally brings to one’s mind the antient devotion of the same place towards _Ceres_ and _Proserpina_, as mentioned by _Cicero_, when he says: _Vetus est haec opinio, quae constat ex antiquissimis Graecorum literis et monumentis, insulam Siciliam totam esse Cereri et Proserpinae consecratam. Hoc cum ceterae gentes sic arbitrantur; tum ipsis Siculis tam persuasum est, ut animis eorum insitum et innatum esse videatur_[149]. It is to be wondered at, that these people have not yet registered an accident, of which as to the fact our English merchants were eye witnesses, namely; that in the late repeated earthquakes of _Sicily_ in 1693 the tower of this cathedral, which stands at the west end distinct from the body of the church, was so distorted by one shock, that it stood very dangerously in an oblique declining posture; but that about a week afterwards another shock restored it to its former true perpendicular situation.

After five days spent in viewing these and other curiosities of _Messina_, we set sail the thirtieth of October, and by the ninth of the next month were obliged by contrary winds to stand into the port of _Milo_. This isle, known to the antients by the name of _Melos_, and esteemed the largest of all the _Cyclades_, is deservedly famous for its fair and commodious harbour; which entring at a narrow chanel afterwards enlarges itself circularly into a lake, rather than a bay; being always calm, and spatious enough to receive a fleet of an hundred and fifty sail. I went ashore at this place with the greater satisfaction, considering that among other antiquities it lays claim to _Socrates_ and _Aristophanes_. It has a city of the same name, inhabited at present, like the other islands of the _Archipelago_, chiefly by Greek Christians, who have been burthened in the late war by a cruel tax of sixteen thousand dollars to the Venetians, as well as to the Turks; but by the benefit of the present peace, as its tribute to the former wholly ceases, so that to the latter is much mitigated. It is observable, that in every cultivated feild about the town, there stands a small Greek chapel, constantly adorned with the painted images of the _Virgin_ and _St. George_; and thither the zealous women of the place often retire with a priest, to say some supererogatory masses for the benefit of their private relations, whether dead or living. In a cave on the island there is a natural hot bath, which has proved very successful in many malignant maladies. Walking on the strand I observed another of the same nature, like that of _Licinius Crassus_, mentioned by Pliny, _Lib._ xxxi. _cap._ 2. The heat of this was so great, that I could not bear to keep my hand in it. The same shore affords a vein of black sand, of which we there gathered a quantity very clear and beautiful for the use of writing.

After a stop of four or five days at _Milo_, we had a very entertaining passage thro the isles of the _Archipelago_, and on the nineteenth of the same month arrived, by God’s providence, in good health at _Smyrna_; where I often remember, how many ways I stand indebted to you, which will be always gratefully acknowledged by,

_Reverend Sir_,

_Your_ etc.

E. CHISHULL.

_Smyrna, June 13, 1700._

_FINIS._

FOOTNOTES

[1] ΤΕΜΕΝΟΣ.

[2] Deest forsan ΛΗΙΟΝ.

[3] De _Venere Stratonicide_ vid. _Tacit. Annal._ _Lib._ iii. _cap._ 63.

[4] Vid. ἱερὰ ὁδὸς, apud _Harpocrat._

[5] ΚΛΕΙΜΑΞ, _scalare_, de quo vide _Reines. Inscript. antiq. Class. sept. num._ xvi.

[6] _Tartalée_ seems to be the _Mastusia_ of the antients, well describ’d by _Pliny_, _Lib._ v. _cap._ 29, to lie _a tergo Smyrnae_.

[7] The _Two Brothers_ are two eminences of _Mons Corycus_, concerning which see _Strabo_, _Lib._ xiv. p. 670.

[8] This practice of the Greek church, at the first elevation of the elements, is what gives just offence both to the Roman and Reformed churches; for tho of late they have generally embraced the doctrine of transubstantiation, yet by this act they pay a divine worship to the bread and wine even before this pretended conversion into the body and blood of _Christ_. Not but that this observation may be well improved to evince the novelty of this persuasion among the Greeks; and to shew, that both these ceremonies were at first but a meer bodily respect to the elements, and implied nothing of a divine adoration.

[9] To such as are not conceiv’d always worthy, or ready to communicate, the Greeks after the celebration of their _Liturgy_ distribute the ἀντίδωρον, or _bread barely blessed_, but not consecrated; which they conceive to be a symbol of the body of the _Virgin Mary_, and to be given instead of that of _Christ_.

[10]

_Nec pulcher Ganges, atque auro turbidus Hermus,_
_Laudibus Italiae certent._ Virg. Georg. ii. 137.

[11]

_Non illi satis est turbato sordidus auro_
_Hermus._ Mart. L. viii. Ep. 77.

[12] Liv. Lib. xxxvii. cap. 37. _Circa Magnesiam, quae ad Sipylum est, posuit castra._ Idem cap. 44. _A Magnesia, quae ad Meandrum est, et ab Epheso legati ad dedendas urbes venerunt._

[13] Καταφέρεται δ’ ὁ Πακτωλὸς εἰς Ἑρμὸν, εἰς ὃν καὶ ὁ Ὕλλος ἐμβάλλει, νυνὶ Φρύγιος καλούμενος. Strabo, Lib. xiii. pag. 626.

[14] _Magnesia ad Sipylum, a qua magnes lapis ferrum attrahens nomen sortitus est; ut idem a Lydia Lydius, et ab Heraclea Heraclius dictus est._ Hill _in Dionys. Periegesin_. Tho he seems to be mistaken in confounding this stone with the touchstone, or _lapis Lydius_.

[15] Nat. Hist. Lib. xxxvi. cap. 16.

[16]

_Lapis hic ut ferrum ducere possit,_
_Quem magneta vocant patrio de nomine Graii,_
_Magnetum quia sit patriis in finibus ortus._ L. vi. ℣. 608.

[17] _Auri argentique mentionem comitatur lapis, quem coticulam appellant; quondam non solitus inveniri nisi in flumine Tmolo, nunc vero passim; quem alii Lydium, alii Heraclium vocant._ Plin. Lib. xxxiii. cap. 8.

[18] Like what _Aristides_ says: Ὁ φίλοινος οὐχ ἡγεῖται ζημίαν, εἰ μηδεὶς αὐτῷ πίνοντι συνείσεται. Orat. Platonic. prim. pag. 182. edit. P. Steph.

[19] Liv. Lib. xxxvii. cap. 44. _Legati ab Thyatira et Magnesia ad Sipylum ad reddendas urbes venerunt_, says this historian, immediately after the action betwixt _Scipio_ and _Antiochus_. This action is at large described by _Appian_ as well as _Livy_, as happening betwixt _Thyatira_ and _Sardis_, upon the banks of the _Amnis Phrygius_, near _Magnesia ad Sipylum_; which is not the _Hermus_ (as some have thought) but a river running into the _Hermus_, which _Homer_ and _Herodotus_ call _Hyllus_, as _Strabo_ relates in the passage cited above, _p._ 9.

[20] See _Marm. Oxon._ ed. ab H. Prid. pag. 1.

[21] This _Statius Quadratus_ was that very proconsul, in whose presence, and by whose authority, _St. Polycarp_, bishop of _Smyrna_, was burnt alive in the amphitheatre of that city. His name is falsely written Τάτιος Κ. in the _Alexandrian Chronicle_, and Στράτιος in the _Epistle of the church of Smyrna_. But this stone confirms that correction, which has been made by bishop _Pearson_ and _Valesius_. It likewise favours that learned argument maintained by bishop _Pearson_, Dissert. ii. cap. xvi, xvii. pag. 291, by which he places this proconsulship and the martyrdom of _St. Polycarp_ in the tenth year of _Antoninus Pius_, _A. C._ 147. For in the fourth year of _M. Antoninus_, to which the _Alexandrian Chronicle_ refers it; as also in the year 167, to which it is referred by _Eusebius_ and _Valesius_; there were two _Caesars_, concerning whom _Eutropius_ says: _Tunc primum Rom. respublica duobus aequo jure imperium administrantibus paruit, cum usque ad eum singulos semper habuisset Augustos._ Lib. viii. cap. 5. But this inscription mentions only one _Caesar_, in the singular number. And as for that _Quadratus_, whom _Bucherius_ and _Usserius_ will have proconsul in _Asia_ in the year 169, his name was not _Statius_, but _T. Numidius_. See also mention of _Quadratus_ in _Aristidis Orat. Genethliac. in Apellam_; and in his _Sermon. Sacror._ iv.

[22] Καὶ γάρ τ’ ἠΰκομος Νιόβη ἐμνήσατο σίτου, etc.

Νῦν δέ που ἐν πέτρῃσιν, ἐν οὔρεσιν οἰοπόλοισιν
Ἐν Σιπύλῳ, ὅθι φασὶ θεάων ἔμμεναι εὐνὰς
Νυμφάων, αἵτ’ ἀμφ’ Ἀχελώϊον ἐῤῥώσαντο,
Ἔνθα, λίθος πὲρ ἐοῦσα θεῶν ἐκ κήδεα πέσσει.

_Hom. Iliad._ ω. 602. On which passage the _Scholia_, usually ascribed to _Didymus_, have the following remark: Θρηνοῦσαν οὖν τὴν Νιόβην ἀφάτως τὸ τοιοῦτον δυστύχημα, Ζεὺς ἐλεήσας εἰς λίθον μετέβαλεν, ὃς καὶ μέχρι νῦν ἐν Σιπύλῳ τῆς Φρυγίας ὁρᾶται παρὰ πάντων πηγὰς δακρύων προϊέμενος. And _Pausanias_, _Attic._ _Lib._ i. _cap._ 21. says: Ταύτην τὴν Νιόβην καὶ αὐτὸς εἶδον ἀνελθὼν ἐς τὸν Σίπυλον τὸ ὄρος. Ἥδε πλησίον μὲν πέτρα καὶ κρημνός ἐστιν, οὐδὲν παρόντι σχῆμα παρεχόμενος γυναικὸς, οὔτε ἄλλως, οὔτε πενθούσης· εἰ δέ γε ποῤῥωτέρω γένοιο, δεδακρυμένην δόξεις ὁρᾷν καὶ κατηφῆ γυναῖκα.

[23] Plin. Lib. v. cap. 29. _A Smyrna Hermus amnis campos facit, et nomini suo adoptat; oritur juxta Dorglaeum Phrygiae civitatem, multosque colligit fluvios, inter quos Hyllum et Cryon._

[24] See mention of these by _Herodian_, under the name of πολυάνδρια, in his description of that massacre of the Alexandrians by Caracalla, _Lib._ iv. _cap._ 17. _edit. Oxon._

[25] The sense of the word _barrows_ or _burroughs_ is by _Verstegan_ deduced from _burying_, and therefore well answers the Greek πολυάνδρια. Chap. vii. p. 211.

[26] Thus Lucan, _Stetit aggere fultus Cespitis_. Lib. v. ℣. 316.

And _Tacitus_, Annal. L. i. cap. 17. _Congerunt cespites._ See _Lipsii not._

[27] Ὅς σφι ψῆγμα χρυσοῦ καταφορέων ἐκ τοῦ Τμώλου διὰ μέσης τῆς ἀγορῆς ῥέει, καὶ ἔπειτα ἐς τὸν Ἕρμον ποταμὸν ἐκδιδοῖ, ὁ δὲ ἐς θάλασσαν. _Lib._ v. _cap._ 101. And _Strabo_ says, _Lib._ xiii. _p._ 625. Ῥεῖ δ’ ὁ Πακτωλὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ Τμώλου, καταφέρων τὸ παλαιὸν χρυσοῦ ψῆγμα πολύ· ἀφ’ οὗ τὸν Κροίσου λεγόμενον πλοῦτον, καὶ τῶν προγόνων αὐτοῦ διονομασθῆναί φασί.

[28]

_Passaque ab auriferis tellus exire metallis_
_Pactolon, qua culta secat non vilior Hermus._ Lucan. Lib. iii. ℣. 209.

[29] Lib. xxxvi. cap. 14. _Summa miracula, epistylia tantae molis attolli potuisse_, etc. See mention of this difficulty in Wotton’s _Reflections upon ancient and modern learning_, pag. 67. edit. 1694.

[30] _Epistolae quatuor_, _pag._ 136, 137.

[31] Ἕρμος, says _Strabo_, Lib. xiii. pag. 626. ἐξ ὄρους ἱεροῦ τῆς Δινδυμένης εἰς τὴν Σαρδιανὴν φέρεται, κατὰ τὰ συνεχῆ πεδία, μέχρι τῆς θαλάττης.

[32]

_Iliad._ β′. ℣. 863 Τὼ Γυγαίη τέκε λίμνη,
Oἳ καὶ Μῄονας ἦγον ὑπὸ Τμώλῳ γεγαῶτας.

[33] Ἐν δὲ σταδίοις τεσσαράκοντα ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως ἐστὶν ἡ Γυγαία μὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ ποιητοῦ λεγομένη. _Strab._ ubi supra.

[34] Ὑπέρκειται τῶν Σάρδεων ὁ Τμῶλος, εὔδαιμον ὄρος. _Strabo_, Lib. xiii. pag. 625.

[35]

Ovid. Met. Lib. xi. ℣. 150. _Riget arduus alto_
_Tmolus in ascensu; clivoque extensus utroque_
_Sardibus hinc, illinc parvis finitur Hypaepis._

Ὕπαιπα δὲ πόλις ἐστὶ καταβαίνουσιν ἀπὸ τοῦ Τμώλου εἰς τὸ τοῦ Καΰστρου πεδίον. Lib. xiii. pag. 627.

[36] Ὁ μέν γε Τμῶλος ἱκανῶς συνῆπται, καὶ περιγραφὴν ἔχει μετρίαν, ἐν αὐτοῖς ἀφοριζόμενος τοῖς Λυδίοις μέρεσιν· ἡ δὲ μεσόγαιος εἰς τὸ ἀντικείμενον μέρος διατείνει μέχρι Μυκάλης. _L._ xiii. p. 629. And a little after: Τῷ δὴ Καῦστριανῷ πεδίῳ μεταξὺ πίπτοντι τῆς τε Μεσωγειότητος, καὶ τοῦ Τμώλου, συνεχές ἐστι πρὸς ἑὼ τὸ Κιλβιανὸν πεδίον.

[37] The modern name _Tyria_ well answers to the antient Τυριαῖον which _Xenophon_ mentions as a well inhabited city, not far from Καΰστρου πεδίον. _De expedit. Cyri_, L. i.

[38] Lib. v. cap. 29. _Ephesus alluitur Cäystro, in Cilbianis jugis orto, multosque amnes deferente, et stagnum Pegasaeum, quod Phyrites amnis expellit._

[39] This is plain from _Strabo_, who having finished his account of _Ephesus_, and proceeding from thence towards _Smyrna_, says, Εἶτα τὸ Γαλλήσιον ὄρος, καὶ ἡ Κολοφὼν, _etc._ Lib. xiv. pag. 642.

[40] This likewise appears from _Strabo_, who tells us, that betwixt _Erythrae_, or the western part of that cape land, and the _isthmus_, which joins the same cape land to the continent, stands the mountain _Mimas_. Μεταξὺ τῶν Ἐρυθρῶν καὶ τοῦ ὑποκρήμνου Μίμας ἐστὶν, ὄρος ὑψηλόν. _Ibid._ _pag._ 645.

[41] Chap. vi. ℣. 5. _De Joannis autographo, Ephesi servato, vid. Pfaffii Dissert._ p. 154.

[42] Οἱ ἐξ Ἐφέσου εἰς Σάρδις εἰσὶ τεσσεράκοντα καὶ πεντακόσιοι στάδιοι. _Herodot._ Lib. v. cap. 54.

[43] The mountains, that enclose the city and plain of _Ephesus_, are _Gallesius_ to the north, _Mycale_ to the south, and _Pactyas_ to the east.

[44] _Ephesus attollitur monte Pione, alluitur Caystro._ Plin. Lib. v. cap. 29.

[45] Concerning this church see _Procopii_ Ἀνέκδοτα, _p._ 12. and Ἰουστ. Κτισμ. _pag._ 45, where it is said to have been rebuilt by an order from _Justinian_.

[46] See F. Simon’s _Histoire critique de la creance et des coûtumes des nations du Levant_, chap. 7, 8.

[47] Plin. _Lib._ xxxvi. _c._ 14. _In solo id palustri fecere._ And _Lib._ v. _c._ 29. _Templum Dianae complexi e diversis regionibus duo Selenuntes_, that is, two _Selenusian_ lakes.

[48] Strabo, _Lib._ xiv. _pag._ 639, _et_ 642. Εἶτα Πύγελα πολίχνιον (which now is called _Scala Nova_) εἶτα λιμὴν Πάνορμος καλούμενος, ἔχων ἱερὸν τῆς Ἐφεσίας Ἀρτέμιδος· εἶθ’ ἡ πόλις. And again: Μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἐκβολὴν τοῦ Καΰστρου λίμην ἐστὶν ἐκ τοῦ πελάγους ἀναχεομένη· καλεῖται δὲ Σεληνουσία, καὶ ἐφεξῆς ἄλλη σύῤῥους αὐτῇ.

[49] These particulars, as collected out of several authors, are to be seen in _Supplem. in Q. Curt._ _Lib._ ii. _cap._ 7.

[50] See these and other particulars in _Plin._ _Lib._ xxxvi. _cap._ 14.

[51] This is the face of the moon _aspide cincta comas_. See _Thes. Rom. Ant._ _Vol._ v. _p._ 779.

[52] Herodian. _Lib._ I. _cap._ 39. Ἡ δὲ πρεσβυτάτη τῶν Κομμόδου ἀδελφῶν (Φαδίλλα ἦν ὄνομα αὐτῇ) εἰσδραμοῦσα, _etc._

See likewise _Grut._ _pag._ MLXVI, _n._ 13. and _Fabrett._ _Inscriptiones_, _pag._ 746.

[53] _Pag._ 255. But the reader may see it more perfect in the few sheets, which were printed, of the second part of _Antiq. Asiat._

[54] See pag. 254.

[55] Ἐξ Ἐφέσου μέχρι Σμύρνης ὁδός ἐστιν ἐπ’ εὐθείας τριακόσιοι εἴκοσι στάδιοι· εἰς γὰρ Μητρόπολιν ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι στάδιοι, οἱ λοιποὶ δὲ εἰς Σμύρναν. Strab. Lib. xiv. p. 632.

[56] Lib. v. cap. 29. _Ephesus alluitur Câystro multos amnes deferente, et stagnum Pegasaeum, quod Phyrites amnis expellit._

[57] _Mitylene_, made more remarkable for those words of the _Lesbians_ to _Pompey_, then fled hither:

_Fac, Magne, locum, quem cuncta revisant_
_Saecula, quem veniens hospes Romanus adoret._
Lucan. Lib. viii. ℣. 114.

[58] See _Strab._ _Lib._ xiii. _pag._ 615.

[59] Hence _Virgil_, _Culic._ ℣. 312.

_Omnis ut in cineres Rhoetei litoris ora,_
_Classibus ambustis, flamma superante, daretur._

See likewise _Xenoph._ _Hist. Graec. L._ i. _in prin._ ὡς ἤνοιγε περὶ τὸ Ῥοίτειον. And _P. Mel._ L. i. c. 18. _Extra sinum sunt Rhoetea littora._

[60] Lib. viii. p. 599. Οὐδὲν ἴχνος σώζεται τῆς ἀρχαίας πόλεως.

And in like manner, _Lucan_, _Lib._ ix. ℣. 968.

_Tota teguntur_
_Pergama dumetis, et jam periere ruinae._

[61] _Polybius_ makes the breadth of the _Hellespont_ here to be no more than two furlongs, _Lib._ xvi. _p._ 735.

[62] In some modern prints _Aidos_. The most memorable siege of this place by king _Philip_ of _Macedon_ is related by _Livy_, _Lib._ xxxi. _cap._ 17.

[63] Γενόμενος δὲ μεταξὺ Τρωάδος καὶ τῆς ἀρχαίας Ἰλίου, καὶ τόπον εὑρὼν εἰς πόλεως κατασκευήν ἐπιτήδειον, θεμελίους τε ἐπήξατο, καὶ τείχους τὶ μέρος εἰς ὕψος ἀνέστησεν· ὅπερ ἄχρι νῦν ὁρᾷν ἔνεστι ἐπὶ τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον πλέουσιν. Zosim. Lib. ii. pag. 105. ed. Oxon.

[64] _Europamque Asiae, Sestonque admovit Abydo._ Lucan. Lib. ii. ℣. 674.

[65] _Lib._ xiii. _pag._ 59.

[66] _Her. et Leand._ ℣. 23, 24.

[67] _Callipolis quoque ac Madytos dedita, et castella quaedam ignobilia._ Liv. Lib. xxxi. cap. 16.

[68] Lib. xiii. p. 589. Ἡ Λάμψακος ἐπὶ θαλάττῃ πόλις ἐστὶν εὐλίμενος καὶ ἀξιόλογος. Et mox: Ἐν τῇ στεῤῥᾷ τῆς Χεῤῥονήσου πολίχνιον ἐστὶ Καλλίπολις.

[69] Concerning these monuments particularly see _Gyllius_, _Constantinop. topogr._ _Lib._ ii. _c._ 12, 13.

[70] Concerning the interpretation of which, together with an history of the _Rom. obelisks_, see _Ammian. Marcell._ _Lib._ xvii. _c._ 4, and _Smith_, _Constantinop. brev. notit._ _p._ 117.

[71] Πρόκλῳ in Anthologia, _Lib._ iv. _p._ 488.

[72] See _Zosim._ _Lib._ iv. _p._ 265.

[73] See _Cang. Constant. Christian._ _Lib._ ii. _pag._ 105.

[74] _L._ i. _p._ 34. of his _Travels._

[75] Concerning these see _Pliny_, _Lib._ iv. _cap._ 13.

[76] See _Gruter_, _pag._ ccxxviii, and _Wheler_, _pag._ 207.

[77] See _Du Fresne_, _Glossar. Graec. Tab._ i. _oper. praemiss._

[78] This is part of an epigram, Εἰς Διομήδους τάφον, Antholog. _Lib._ vi. _p._ 563.

[79] _Lib._ iii. ℣. 277. Concerning the current of the _Maeotis_ see _Polybius_, _Lib._ iv. _p._ 307; and of that at _Gades_, Mr. _Halley’s Discourse_ in _Le Clerc’s Physic._ _L._ ii. _c._ 8.

[80] Concerning the antient situation of _Chalcédon_ see _Zosim._ _L._ ii. _p._ 100, and of this church, _L._ v. _p._ 314, and _Evagr._ _L._ ii. _c._ 3.

[81] _Lib._ ii. _pag._ 106.

[82] For _Valentinian’s_ building these aqueducts see _Socrates_ by _Valesius_, and _Niceph._ _Constantin. Hist._ _vol._ ii. _p._ 418.

[83] In his _Chronicon_.

[84] _Book_ i. _pag._ 34.

[85] In relation to this inscription the medal of _Belisarius_ may be observed, on the reverse of which are the words DEVICTIS GOTHIS.

[86] See Eusebius’s _Life of Constantine_.

[87] An account of the like rich marble work may be seen in _Stat._ _Sylv._ _Lib._ i. _c._ 5. where he describes the bath of _Claudius Etruscus_.

[88] The particulars of each are described in the exact and faithful account of _Grelot_, which may be compared with that of _Procopius_.

[89] _Eclog._ vi. _vers._ 43.

[90] Pag. 232 of his _Travels_.

[91] Idem forsan ac σαββατείῳ apud _Joseph. Antiq. Jud. edit. Oxon. p. 722. l. ult._

[92] ΕΦ Ω. vid. _Grut._ _pag._ DCCXLIX. _num. 4._

[93] Αυδηνᾶιος, ὄνομα μηνὸς παρὰ Μακεδόσιν, ὁ Ἰανουάριος. _Suidas._

[94] In this inscription the Ι is always added to the last vowel of the dative singular, which in small letters is now usually placed under it.

[95] _Lib._ xxxvii.

[96] Vid. _Marmor. Oxon._ p. 297, _ed. Prid._

[97] By this and the following inscription we find, there were several schools here, where young persons were trained up to athletic exercises in honour of _Hercules_. For as _Lipsius_ observes, _Saturnal. Serm._ _L._ iii. _c._ 23. _Athletis et gladiatoribus Hercules praeesse putabatur, qui facta ejus et robur aemularentur. De athletis lapis Graecus Romae indicat; in quo aliquoties nominati_, οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἡρακλέα ἀθληταὶ, id est, _Herculanei athletae_. So in other inscriptions we have οἱ περὶ τὸν Διόνυσον τεχνῖται, artists employed in the rites of _Bacchus_.

[98] In this inscription the Ι is added to the last vowel of the dative case, as in that above, pag. 53.

[99] _Iliad._ γ. ℣. 339.

[100] See _Strabo_, _Lib._ xii. _pag._ 550.

[101] See _Homer_, _Iliad._ β. _in catalog._ ℣. 335.

[102] This river must be the _Granicus_, which seems to bend its course towards the _Peninsula_ of _Cyzicus_.

[103] While I was absent from the _conáck_, some Turks brought medals to be sold, which I lost the opportunity of purchasing, because Mr. Farington suspected them to be spies.

[104] Ἔπλευσαν ἐς Αἰγὸς ποταμοὺς, ἀντίον τῆς Λαμψάκου, διεῖχε δὲ ὁ Ἑλλήσποντος ταύτης σταδίους ὡς πεντεκαίδεκα. _Hist. Graec. L._ ii. _p._ 455. _edit. Leunclav._

[105] _Pag._ 42.

[106] The _Hebrus_ is large and full in winter, yet carries but a slow stream, which in the summer time is scarce able to flow. Hence _Ovid._ Heroid. ii. ℣. 115.

_Et sacer admissas exigit Hebrus aquas._

But _Virgil_, who, as appears from his geography of _Troy_, was not so well acquainted with these parts, says: Aen. i. ℣. 321.

_Volucremque fuga praevertitur Hebrum._

[107] _Zosimus_, Lib. ii. p. 95. ed. Oxon. Καθ’ ὃ τωνος εειος ποταμὸς τῷ Ἑβρῳ συμβάλλει.

[108] _Ibidem._

[109] See _Pythagorae Symbolum_, Προσκυνεῖν περιφερόμενος, _apud Lil. Gyrald. Tom._ ii. _p._ 669. _edit._ 1696.

[110] So _Justin_ describing the rites of Bacchus, with which the soldiers of _Alexander_ were inspired says: _Exercitus ejus repentino impetu mentis in sacros dei ululatus instinctus, cum stupore regis, sine noxa discurrit._ Lib. xii. c. 7.

[111] See this sect described, and called _Tzophilar_, by Hottinger, _Hist. orient. pag._ 365.

[112] Concerning the longevity of the _Aemimontian_ Thracians see _Amm. Marc. L._ xxvii. _c._ 4.

[113] Here I happily attained that wish of _Virgil_, Georg. Lib. ii. ℣. 488.

_O, qui me gelidis in vallibus Haemi_
_Sistat, et ingenti ramorum protegat umbra!_

[114] _Suam quisque domum spatio circundat, sive adversus casus ignis remedium, sive inscitia aedificandi. Ne caementorum apud illos, aut tegularum usus._ Tacit. De m. G. c. xvi.

[115] Aur. Victor. Epit. cap. XL. _Galerius ortus Dacia Ripensi, quem locum Romulianum ex vocabulo Romulae matris appellarat._

[116] The Sclavonian character is twofold; one said to be invented by _St. Hierom_, which is now used by the Rascians and Bosnians; the other by _St. Cyril_, proper to Valachia, Moldavia, Muscovy, _&c._

[117] This inscription was first published by _Reinesius_, _Class._ vi. _n._ 90. and from him by _Sponius_, _Miscell. erud. antiq._ _p._ 294. But both of them vary somewhat from the reading here given.

[118] It is probable these stones might all come from _Ulpia Trajana_, formerly called _Sarmazegethusa_, concerning which see _Zamosius_, in _Analect. Antiq. Transyl._ _c._ 4.

[119] Ovid. ad Liviam, ℣. 387.

_Danubiusque rapax, et Dacius orbe remoto_
_Apulus, huic hosti per breve Pontus iter._

[120] Sabina, NOVA CERES; _et_ Julia Pia, NOVA VESTA: _Bonarot. Observ._ _p._ 4. NYMPHAE AVGVSTAE, _Spon_, _Recherch. d’Antiq. Diss._ xxix. p. 481. Saxopol. in Dacia, NYMPHIS SALVTIFERIS SACRVM.

[121] In libello inscript. _Analecta lap. Transylv. prov._ legitur RVFFINVS, sed reclamante lapide.

[122] In Latin _Enyedinum_, or _Aniadinum_, from the _via Annia_, mentioned in an inscription in _Zamosius_, _c._ v.

[123] Forte COLON, AP. ut in _Zamosii Inscript._ _cap._ 7. COL. APVL. et COLONIAE APVLENSIS.

[124] Forte CENOTAPHIVM.

[125] The like cyphers I afterwards saw at _Vienna_, near _Porta Rubra_; where I took notice of the following date, , which in our modern characters is 1467.

[126] His designed ransom, after his death in Poland, was unjustly detained in this province.

[127] Concerning the antient characters of the Siculians, and their manner of writing downwards like the Sinese, see _Zamos._ c. 3.

[128] So great is the aversion of these _Valachs_ to the killing of calves, that to redeem one taken by General _Robutin_, they offered him the choice of all their children.

[129] See pag. 92.

[130] _Veste non fluitante, sed stricta, et singulos artus exprimente._ Tacitus De moribus Germanorum, cap. xvii.

[131] So Martial, Spectac. Epigr. 3. _Crinibus in nodum tortis venere Sicambri._

And Tacitus says the like of the _Suevi_, De morib. Germ. c. 38. _Insigne gentis obliquare crinem, nodoque substringere._

[132] This trial of water, as well as that of fire, is authorized by the laws of _Ladislaus_, King of Hungary. _Decret. S. Ladislai_, _Lib._ ii. _cap._ 28.

[133] _Est in Africa consuetudo incolarum, ut in agris, et in omnibus fere villis, sub terra specus condendi frumenti gratia clam habeant; atque id propter bella maxime, hostiumque subitum adventum praeparent_: De bello Africano, cap. 65.

[134] _Travels into divers parts of Europe_, p. 145.

[135] Vid. _Plin._ _Lib._ xxviii. _c._ i. et _Harduin._ in loc.

[136] _Lib._ ii. _cap._ 96 _et_ 114.

[137] See _Imhof._ _Lib._ x. _cap._ 16.

[138] _Spon_, who has published this inscription, observes, that by these QVADRIBIS might be meant, _seminumina quadriviis praesidentia; quales in biviis et triviis_ Hermi _seu_ Mercurii _ab antiquis culti_. Miscell. erud. antiq. pag. 84.

[139] Vid. Apul. De Iside: _Cujus numen unicum multiformi specie, ritu vario, nomine multijuge totus veneratur orbis._ Metam. Lib. ii. pag. 280.

[140] See an instance of this in _Sweden_, reported in the _Huetiana_, p. 124. N. LIV.

[141] Ovid. Fast. L. i. ℣. 205.

_Nec pudor in stipula placidam cepisse quietem,_
_Et foenum capiti supposuisse, fuit._

[142] These two are published both in _Grut._ but each of them with some little variation. _pag._ CCCLII, _n._ 5. and _Fleetwood_, _pag._ 152.

[143] ΟΦΡ ΑΝ ΕΣ ΑΔΩ.

[144] _Cap._ 17.

[145] _Lib._ iv. _parag._ 24.

[146] _Odyss._ M. ℣. 235.

[147] _Aen._ iii. ℣. 420.

[148] _Lib._ v. ℣. 1197.

[149] _In Verr._ iv. _cap._ 48.

_ERRATA._

Page 15. line 5. read _Achmetléer_.
24. 4. not.
44. 29. _Aurátbasar_.
76. 13. _alaí chiaush_.
77. 28. _lilia_.
88. 33. thither.
92. 29. _Judex_.
93. 32. _Banti_.
108. 9. _Glychensberg_.
133. 20. _Ferdinand_.
142. 20. by.
168. 10. ALIAM.

Transcriber’s Note: The errata have been corrected. Originals read: _Achmetcléar_; nor; _Aarátbasar_; _alaí, chiaush_; _lillia_; hither; _jndex_; _Banfi_; _Glychebsberg_; _Ferdinard_; be; AILAM.

AN INDEX of NAMES and THINGS.

A.

ABAFFI, a prince of _Valachia_, Pag. 89.

ABYDOS, see ESKI NATOLIA HISAR.

ACHMETLEER, a village on the road from _Smyrna_ to _Sardis_, 15.

ACHMET GERAI _Sultan_, a Tartar prince, 73.

ACHMET _Sultan_, his mosque at _Constantinople_ described, 40, 45, 64.

ADRAMYTTIAN _gulph_, made by the two promontories of _Cana_ and _Lecton_,
33.

ADRASTIAN PLAINS, so called from the town _Adrastia_ in _Mysia Major_,
52.

ADRIANOPLE, by the Turks called _Edrine_, a city of _Thrace_ on the
river _Hebrus_, described, 63.

ADULTERY, what proof it requires in _Transylvania_, 104.

AESEPVS, now SIMOW, a river flowing into the _Propontis_, 52, 58.

AETNA, a burning mountain in _Sicily_, described, 173.

AGA, a name of respect among the Turks, which properly signifies _lord_
or _master_; from the modern Greek word ἀγὰς, as some have thought,
9.
It is also an additional title given to several officers, who attend
the _Grand Signior_, 69

ΑΓΙΑ ΠΥΛΗ, or the _sacred curtain_, which incloses the choir in the
Greek churches, 42.

AGRIA, a city in _Hungary_, 108.

AIASALUCK, see EPHESUS.

AKHISAR, see THYATIRA.

ALAI CHIAUSH, a messenger of ceremony, 76.

ALAI KIOSK, a pleasure house of the _Grand Signior_ in the great
_seraglio_ at _Constantinople_, described, 45.

ALANY, a village in _Hungary_, possessed chiefly by General
_Glychensberg_, 108.

ALBA JULIA, see WISSENBURG.

ALCYONIVS, his book _De exilio_, said to be compiled out of _Cicero’s_
treatise _De gloria_, 143.

ALEXANDER _Sanctus_, his bones carried in procession at _Vienna_, 124.

ALCKMAIR, a town in _North Holland_, 168.

ALLAH, a name of _God_ among the Turks, 71.
See _D’Herbelot_.

ALLALMALEE, a Christian village in _Thrace_, 62.

ALMASCH, a river in _Transylvania_, 97.

ALMELOO, a town in _Overissel_, 161.

ALONIA, an island in the _Propontis_, famous for excellent wines, 37.

ALSLEBER, a town in _Upper Saxony_, 146.

ALSTER, a river, which runs into the _Elbe_ at _Hamburg_, 152.

ALT, a river in _Transylvania_, 89.

ALTENA, a town near _Hamburg_, subject to the king of _Denmark_, 154,
156.

ALUTA, see ALT.

ALYMAN, a mountain in _Ionia_ betwixt _Ephesus_ and the village
_Giamobasy_, probably _Mons Gallesius_ of the antients, 21.

AMASIA, see EMS.

AMERSFORD, a town in the province of _Utrecht_, 162, 169.

AMMAN _Dr._ taught deaf and dumb persons to speak at _Harlem_, 167.

ANATOLIA, see NATOLIA.

ANTIOCHVS _King_, where defeated by _Scipio Asiaticus_, 53.

ANTONINVS _Marcus_, the Emperor, died at _Vindobona_, 125.

APAMEA, see MONTAGNIA.

APOLLONIA ad _Rhyndacum_, see ULUBAT.

APVLVM, see WISSENBURG.

AQUEDUCTS of _Constantinople_ described, 43.

ARABIC _figures_, their form, as expressed in a date 1477 at
_Clausenburg_; and 1467 at _Vienna_, 97.

ARANYAS, antiently _Chrysolas_, a river in _Transylvania_, 96.

ARCADIVS the _Emperor_, his pillar at _Constantinople_ described, 44.

ARCHBISHOP of _Vienna_, his behaviour at a procession, 125.

ARGINVSAE, see MUSCONISIA.

ARGISCH, a river of _Bulgaria_ runing into the _Danube_, 77.

ARGURON, a Muscovian bird, 68.

ARMS of _France_, see FLIES.

ARNOUTCUI, a village in _Bulgaria_, 76.

ARNSWOLDT, a wood in _Lower Saxony_, with a poor inn described there,
159.

AROKSZALLES, a popish village in _Hungary_, 108.

ASCHERSLEBEN, a town in _Upper Saxony_, 146.

ATHOS, a mountain in _Macedonia_, 33.

ATMEIDAN, the Turkish name for the _hippodromus_, or _cirque_, at
_Constantinople_, 44.

AUGUSTINES, their convent at _Vienna_, 117.

AURATBASAR, a place at _Constantinople_, which signifies the _market
of women_, where stands an antient historical pillar, with a Greek
inscription upon it, 44.

AUSTRIA, divided from _Hungary_ by the river _Leyta_, 114.
And from _Moravia_ by the _Teya_, 131.

B.

BABA, the name of a cape, formerly called _Lecton_, in the _Aegean_
sea, 33.

BABITZ, a town in _Austria_, 132.

BABO, _Count_ of _Abensberg_, his numerous ofspring, 125.

BADEN, a town near _Vienna_, celebrated for its baths, 126.
Their manner of making wine, enclosing vineyards, and drawing
carriages, 128.
Their custom upon the death of any animal, _ib._

BAJAZET _Sultan_, his mosque at _Constantinople_, 40.
And at _Adrianople_, 64.

BAIN, a small _Saxon_ brass coin, somewhat more than our farthing,
current in _Valachia_, 85.

BALASFALVA, a town in _Transylvania_, 94.

BALASHAZA, a town in _Transylvania_, 97.

BALIHISAR, a town of _Mysia Minor_, 52.

BANDIERA, a _banner_ or _standard_, 81.

BANTI _Count_, governor of _Wissenburg_, 93.
His present to L. Paget, 96.

BARICLE, a village on the road from _Smyrna_ to _Sardis_, 15.

BARROWS, or _hillocks_, in _Ionia_, between _Durguthli_ and _Sardis_,
remarkable for their number and figure, 14.

BARUT AGA, a Turkish officer, who has the charge of the gunpowder, 32.
His treatment of captain Winter, 38.

BASHA, an additional title given to such officers, as attend the
_Grand Signior_, 45, 66, 67.

BASIRE _Doctor_, prebendary of _Durham_, professed divinity at
_Wissenburg_ during the troubles in England, 95.
Left his _Itinerary_ there in manuscript, _ib._

BASSARABAS _Joannes Constantinus_, prince of _Valachia_, his character
and family, 78.
His palace at _Bucurest_, 79.
He entertains L. Paget, _ib._
His palace at _Tergovist_, 82.

BATHS at _Prusia_ described, 50.
Near _Buda_, 111.
At _Baden_, 126.
In the island _Milo_, 177.

BATKAN, a river flowing from mount _Haemus_ in _Thrace_, 75.

BEAVER, one at _Neugebac_ described, 118.

BEEMSTER, a place in _North Holland_, 168.

BEES, see FLIES.

BEHEMERWALT, see SYLVA HERCYNIA.

BEHEMISH _language_, a dialect of the _Sclavonian_, 133.

BELGRADE, a village in _Thrace_ near _Constantinople_, 43.

ΒΗΜΑ, the _chancel_ in Greek churches, 81.

BENEDICTINES, their convent at _Vienna_, 117.

BEY, a Turkish word, signifying _lord_, 60.

BIBLE, a ms. in the _German_ language, with a remarkable picture, in
the Imperial library at _Vienna_, 119.
Another in old _English_; a third of _St. Jerome’s_, written by
_Abbas Gaufridus Vitulus_; with a _Greek Testament_, and two
printed copies, which all want the remarkable passage in the
first _Epistle_ of _St. John_; an _Aethiopic Testament_ ms; a
roll of the _Pentateuch_, as now used by the Jews; and a _vulgate
Latin Bible_, printed by _Aldus_, with a remarkable reading: all
in the Duke’s library at _Wolfembutel_, 148.

BIESKE, a village in _Hungary_, 111.

BIRGHEE, a town near mount _Tmolus_ in _Ionia_, 18.

BITIN, a town in _Bohemia_, the estate of Prince _Lobcowitz_, 138.

BLANKENESS, a village in _Lower Saxony_, 159.

BLANYAN or BRANYAN, a town in _Bohemia_, 133, 134.

BLEW KIOSK, a pleasure house of the _Grand Signior_, in the great
_seraglio_ at _Constantinople_, 45.

BOCLEW, a river in _Mysia minor_, 59.

BOET C., a famous painter in enamel at _Vienna_, 130.

BOGAZ, a _strait_, or narrow sea, between two lands. Also an _isthmus_,
or neck of land, between two seas, 33.

BOHAIMTSBRODT, a town in _Bohemia_, 134.

BOHEMIA, separated from _Moravia_ by the river _Iglaw_, 132.
From _Saxony_ near the town _Peterswaldt_, 139.

BOIAK DERVENT, a town in _Thrace_, 73.

BOIUKDERE, a town near _Constantinople_, signifying the _great vale_, 47.

BOKLAR, a Turkish village in _Bulgaria_, 75.

BONPOURNICKEL, a sort of black bread used in _Lower Saxony_, 160.

BOROSNYAI _Joannes Nagy_, an _Hungarian_ divine, 92, 93.

BOSPHORVS, by the Turks called _Bogas_, flows constantly into the
_Propontis_, 38, 42.

BOSTANGI BASHA, the _Grand Signior’s_ chief gardiner, and keeper of
the palace at _Constantinople_, 45.

BOTH, a river in _Hungary_, 108.

BOURG, a palace in _Vienna_ so called, 117.

BOY born at _Rigetsch_ in _Austria_ without legs or thighs, but healthy
and lively, 129.

BOZACGEE, a village in the _Adrastian_ plains, 59.

BOZOK, a Turkish drink, described, 62.

BOZZA, a river, which rises between _Valachia_ and _Transylvania_, 86.

BRAN, a castle on the borders of _Transylvania_, described, 86.

BREMEN, the chief city of the Dutchy so called, and a _Hanse_ town, in
_Lower Saxony_, 156, 157.
Described, 160.

BREVICVLVS _de nationibus Transylvanicis_, the title of a book so
called, 91.

BRIDGES, one of stone at _Uzunkuprée_ described, 62.
A wooden one of four hundred paces over the _Danube_ between _Vienna_
and _Entzersdorff_, 131.
A stone one at _Prague_ described, 134, 137.
In _Bohemia_ usually covered with a penthouse, 138.
One at _Dresden_, 139.
Another at _Misten_, cross the _Elbe_, 140.

BRUNSWICK, the chief city of that dutchy, described, 149.
Their way of making mum, _ib._

BUCUREST, a town in _Valachia_, 81.
Its streets floored with plank, 82.

BUDA, the metropolis of _Hungary_, described, 109, 110.
Its government, 111.

BUDWITZ, a town in _Austria_, on the borders of _Bohemia_, 132.

BULGARIA, antiently _Moesia Inferior_, divided from _Thrace_ by mount
_Haemus_, 75.
The soil rich, but the people poor, 76.
Separated from _Valachia_ by the _Danube_, 77.

BUXTCHUDE, a town in _Lower Saxony_, in the dominion of _Sweden_, 159.

C.

CADI, a Turkish officer, properly a justice, 6.

CADILESKER, a lord chief justice among the Turks; of which there are
two, one for _Europe_, and the other for _Asia_, 66.

CADIZ, in _Spain_, described, 170.
Remarkable instances of superstition there, 171.

CAFTAN, a vest or garment of honour among the Turks, 65.

CAICVS, a river of _Mysia Major_, described, 52, 57.

CAIMEKAM, a Turkish officer, who acts as deputy to the prime _vizír_
in his absence, 66, 69.

CALLIPOLIS, see GALLIPOLI.

CALVINISTS, their worship in _Transylvania_, 102.

CAMELOSTRVTHI, see OSTRICHES.

CANA, a promontory of the _Adramyttian_ gulph, 33.

CANON, see ESKI NATOLIA HISAR.

CANTACUZENO _Thomaso_, his reception of L. Paget, 77.

CANTACUZENVS _Constantinus Stolnichus_, uncle to the Prince of
_Valachia_, his character, 79.

CAPIGEES, messengers extraordinary from the _Grand Signior_, into
whose presence they conduct ambassadors, 67.

CAPUCHINS, their convent at _Vienna_, in which are buried the imperial
family, 117.
Their cloister at _Prague_ described, 135.
Their convent at Cadiz, 172.

CARAVAN, a company of pilgrims, or other persons, who travel together
in Turkey, with a guard for their security, 51.
See Dr. _Pococke_, V. ii. par. i. p. 30.

CARDIA, or _Sinus Melas_, a gulph on the west side the _isthmus_ of the
_Chersonésus_, 62.

CARNVNTVM, see PETRONEL.

CASSAWARE, a sort of bird without wings, 118.

CATERGEE, a Turkish word signifying a _mule driver_, 62.

CATHARINE _Saint_, her church at _Hamburg_ described, 153.

CATROCHAN, a convent near _Bucurest_ in _Valachia_ described, 81.

CATTLE of _Hungary_, fair, white, and large, 107.

CAYSTER, a river in _Ionia_, 19, 21.

CAYSTRIAN, plain in _Ionia_ described, 19.

CETIVS, a mountain in _Austria_, 131.

CHALCEDON, a town in _Bithynia_ opposite to _Constantinople_, some
account of it, 43.

CHALLIKCAVAK, a town on the borders of _Bulgaria_; the ornaments of the
women, and their manner of dismissing strangers, 74.

CHARYBDIS, see SCYLLA.

CHATEAURENAULT, the _French_ admiral, his whole squadron sunk or taken
at _Vigo_ by the _English_, 138.

CHERSONESVS, the _peninsula_ of _Thrace_, 61.

CHIAUSH, a pursevant or messenger of the Turkish court, 69.

CHIAUSH BASHA, the chief officer of the Turkish _chiaushes_, or
messengers, who carries a silver staff, 65.

CHRISTIANVS AVGVSTVS Duke of _Brunswick_, founded the library at
_Wolfembutel_, and wrote the catalogues himself, 147.

CHRONIQUES D’ANGLETERRE, XIII volumes ms. in the Duke’s library at
_Wolfembutel_, 148.

CHRYSOLAS, see ARANYAS.

CHRYSOPOLIS, see SCUTARI.

CHRYTSHULEST, a village in _Valachia_, 82.

CHURBEGEE, a captain of the _janisaries_, 66.

CIANVS _sinus_, a bay in _Bithynia_, in which was the famous fountain,
where _Hylas_ was drowned, 49.

CIBIN, a river of Transylvania, from which the city _Cibinium_ (or
_Hermanstadt_) receives its name, 92.

CIBINIVM, see HERMANSTADT.

CICERO’S _Orations_ ms. in the Imperial library at _Vienna_, 120.

CIVS, or _Prusa ad Arganthonium_, now a small village of _Bithynia_, 50.

CLAMSTON, a town in _Bohemia_, 138.

CLAVDIOPOLIS, see CLAUSENBURG.

CLAUSENBVRG, a city in _Transylvania_ described, 96.
Inscriptions there, 97.

CLOYSTER NEWBURG, a town in _Austria_, 131.

COKUCK DEROCUT, a town in _Upper Saxony_, 138.

COLONICZA _Cardinal_, archbishop of _Strigonium_, 107.

COLVMELLA, a curious manuscript of him in the possession of Dr. GOETZE
at _Leipsick_, 143.

COMNENVS _Theodorus_, built a castle at _Prusia_, 51.

COMORWA, a village in _Thrace_, between which and _Adrianople_ drummers
are placed in the road, like watchmen, for security, 74.

CONACK, a resting place or lodging, 2.

CONFRATERNITY _of the dead_, persons who attend the public executions
at _Vienna_, 123.

CONFUCIAN _philosophy_, published in the _Sinese_ language by the
Jesuits at _Vienna_, 120.

CONSTANTINE _the Great_, defeated _Licinnius_ near _Hadrianople_, 63.