Chapter I: A. Coles (63)

LOWNDES, WILLIAM, Representative from South Carolina, 425, 577;
in favor of a naval establishment, 489.
_See Index_, vols. 2, 3.

LYLE, AARON, Representative from Pennsylvania, 124, 187, 315, 424,
577.

LYON, MATTHEW, Representative from Kentucky, 48, 125, 212;
supports the resolution for immediate measures to liberate American
prisoners in Carthagena, 95;
relative to prosecutions for libel, 134;
charge in the indictment against him for libel, 135;
facts in his case, 135;
on the torpedo experiment, 219, 221.

_Claim of._--In the House, a memorial of Matthew Lyon for refunding
his fine, under the Sedition Act, 426;
moved to refer to the Committee on Claims, 426;
if the petitioner has any claim, it is because the law is
unconstitutional, of which this committee are not the proper
judge, 426;
moved to refer to a select committee, 426;
the whole subject of these prosecutions was referred to a committee
at a former session, which had been prevented from acting; if
there is justice in any of this class of claims, it should be
known, 427;
idle to attempt to do by statute, what the constitution has
endeavored in vain to enforce, 427;
amendment proposed to the reference, 427;
proper measures had not been taken to prevent a recurrence of
measures of this kind, 427;
amendment carried, 427.
_See Index_, vols. 2, 3.

M

MACLAY, SAMUEL, Senator from Pennsylvania, 3;
resigns his seat in Senate, 26.
_See Index_, vols. 1, 2, 3.

MACON, NATHANIEL, Representative from North Carolina, 36, 125, 187,
315, 425, 577;
offers resolution relative to the expediency of continuing the
embargo, 41;
opposes the resolution for immediate measures to liberate American
prisoners in Carthagena, 95;
on the immediate arming of the public vessels, 98;
on an extra session, 104;
on counting blank ballots, 125;
declines to be a candidate for the Speakership, 125;
on an inquiry relative to prosecutions under the Sedition Law, 138,
139;
on the Batture at New Orleans, 149;
on non-intercourse with Great Britain and France, 160;
on the remission of certain fines on emigrants from Cuba, 164;
opposes postponement of the resolution relative to the apportionment
of Representation, 224;
on the ratio of representation, 316;
on the admission of the Territory of Orleans, as a State, 321, 324;
on commercial intercourse with France and Great Britain, 397;
on laying additional duties, 431;
on a Quartermaster's Department, 477;
on the British intrigues, 518;
on the State limits of Mississippi, 522;
on mode of relief of Caraccas, 532;
on pay of the army, 589;
on the imprisonment of American seamen, 595;
on an additional military force, 616;
on an additional military force, 674.
_See Index_, vols. 1, 2, 3.

MADISON, JAMES, his letter as Secretary of State, on the object of the
secret appropriation for foreign intercourse, 26;
elected President in 1808, 27;
number of votes for, as President, 27;
number of votes for, as Vice President, 27;
first inaugural of, 33;
letter to the Senate on the time of taking the oath of office, 33;
first message to Congress, 167;
message to first Session of Twelfth Congress, 401;
his Message at second Session of Twelfth Congress, 567;
elected President, 574.
_See Index_, vols. 1, 2.

MAGRUDER, PATRICK, chosen clerk of the House, 126;
elected clerk of the House, 425.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

MAGRUDER, ALLAN B., Senator from Louisiana, 569.

MALBONE, FRANCIS, Senator from Rhode Island, 35, 116;
decease of, 121.

_Maritime Defence_, bill relative to, read twice in Senate, 413.

MARION, ROBERT, Representative from South Carolina, 37, 125, 187;
on the remission of certain fines on emigrants from Cuba, 163, 164.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

MARSHALL, J., letter to Mr. King, 362.
_See Index_, vols. 2, 3.

_Maryland_, vote for President in 1808, 27;
in 1812, 573, 711.

_Massachusetts_, vote for President in 1808, 27;
in 1812, 573, 711;
resolutions relative to a war with Great Britain, 415.

MASTERS, JOSIAH, Representative from New York, 37.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

MATHERS, JAMES, appointed Sergeant-at-arms, by the Senate, 3;
chosen Sergeant-at-arms of the Senate, 116.

MATTHEWS, VINCENT, Representative from New York, 126, 188.

MATHEWSON, ELISHA, Senator from Rhode Island, 3, 116, 166, 250.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

MAXWELL, GEORGE C., Representative from New Jersey, 426.

MCBRIDE, ARCHIBALD, Representative from North Carolina, 125, 187, 315,
430, 577.

MCCOY, WILLIAM, Representative from Virginia, 424, 577.

MCCREERY, WILLIAM, Representative from Maryland, 36;
presents petition of citizens confined in the jails at Carthagena,
South America, 37.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

MCKEE, SAMUEL, Representative from Kentucky, 125, 187, 315, 425, 580;
on foreign relations, 456;
against a naval establishment, 484;
on the bill laying an embargo, 544;
on an increase of the Navy, 600.

MCKIM, ALEXANDER, Representative from Maryland, 124, 188, 315, 424,
577;
presents petition of American prisoners in Carthagena, 141;
on Miranda's Expedition, 142;
on the Torpedo experiment, 220;
on reduction of the Navy, 227;
on disbanding the master commandants in the Navy, 242;
in favor of the admission of Mississippi, 352;
on privateer pensions, 704.

MCKINLEY, WILLIAM, Representative from Virginia, 316.

_Medals and Prize Money_, for the officers and crew of the
Constitution, reported on, 593.

_Mediterranean Trade._--_See Index_, vol. 2.

MEIGS, RETURN JONATHAN, jr., Senator from Ohio, 26, 116, 166;
resigns his seat in the Senate, 264.

_Memorial_, from citizens of New York relative to the embargo, &c.,
413;
remarks, 414.

_Meridian, a_ first, Report on the establishment of, 222.

_Message_ of President Jefferson at second Session of the Tenth
Congress, 3;
on expenses of foreign intercourse, 26;
of President Madison at first Session of Eleventh Congress, 117;
of President Madison at second session, Eleventh Congress, 167;
communicating circular of F. J. Jackson, 193;
with report of Secretary of State relative to Tombigbee and Alabama
rivers, 213;
of President Madison at third Session of Eleventh Congress, 251;
confidential from the President to the Senate in secret session,
312;
relative to reparation for the attack on the frigate Chesapeake,
403;
relative to the battle of Tippecanoe, 403;
and documents relative to the hostile policy of Great Britain, 404;
on the Hudson River and Lake Ontario Canal, 404;
relative to British Intrigues to dismember the Union, 408;
relative to a temporary embargo, 410;
relative to the battle of Tippecanoe, 466;
with proceedings of a convention in Orleans Territory, 506;
do. with documents relative to British intrigues, 506;
relative to an embargo, 544;
on affairs with Great Britain, 551;
and documents relative to Florida, 562;
Annual to both Houses of Congress, 567;
communicating the capture of the Macedonian and Frolic, 570;
and documents relative to the capture of British vessels on Lake
Erie, 571;
communicating captures and destruction of the Java, 574;
with documents relative to the capture of the frigate Macedonian,
597;
relative to conduct of British officers to persons taken in American
armed ships, 608;
relative to impressed seamen, 705;
relative to the capture of the frigate Java, 716;
relative to the Orders in Council, 717.

_Messages, Presidential._--_See Index_, vols. 1, 2, 3.

METCALF, ARUNAH, Representative from New York, 424, 577.

MILLEDGE, JOHN, Senator from Georgia, 21;
chosen President _pro tem._ of the Senate, 27.
_See Index_, vols. 1, 2, 3.

MILLER, PLEASANT M., Representative from Tennessee, 125, 187, 315;
on the admission of the Territory of Orleans as a State, 323.

_Military Force, additional._--_See Army._

_Military Academy._--_See Index_, vol. 2.

_Militia_, arming and classing of considered, 708.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

MILNOR, WILLIAM, Representative from Pennsylvania, 36, 124, 187, 315,
424, 577;
on an extra session of Congress, 102;
on non-intercourse with Great Britain and France, 107;
on the sale of all the gunboats, 229;
on commercial intercourse with France and Great Britain, 367;
on the protection of American seamen, 429;
on the British intrigues, 519;
on increased pay of the Army, 583;
on the imprisonment of American seamen, 594, 595.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

_Mining Company_, bill for the incorporation of, in upper Louisiana,
405;
bill passed, 409.

_Mint, establishment of._--_See Index_, vols. 1, 2.

_Miranda's Expedition._--In the House, petition of thirty-six American
citizens confined at Carthagena, in South America, under
sentence of slavery, 37;
referred, 39;
report of committee, 46;
resolution of committee considered, 95;
postponement moved, 95;
lost, 95;
an agreement on the resolution would involve the government in
difficulty without answering any good purpose, 95;
it would tend to prove that the government had connection with the
expedition, 95;
the persons had engaged themselves in foreign service, 95;
had been taken and condemned for piracy, 95;
appeal to humanity, 95;
such an appeal could not involve the government, 95;
the men had been deluded, 95;
they had been sufficiently punished, 95;
resolution lost, 96.

Resolution offered, that the President take measures to effect their
liberation if satisfied they were involuntarily drawn into the
enterprise, 142;
in this case to lean to the side of humanity is an act of great
injustice and cruelty to society, 142;
it is not a question like redeeming our brethren from slavery in
Tripoli, but whether this government would lend its countenance
to the class of men concerned in the expeditions of Miranda and
Aaron Burr, 142;
in passing this resolution we hold up a premium to vice, 142;
no justice in the proposed interference, 143;
a bounty should be allowed on the exportation of every man of
similar principles, 143;
the Spanish government never would release them until the government
interfered, 143;
the only money necessary was to defray the expense of bringing them
back, 143;
if the President has the power he has not chosen to exercise it,
143;
did not knowingly engage in this expedition, 143;
they declare they did not understand the nature of the expedition,
143;
reasons to show this, 144;
a judicial investigation was had in New York previous to
embarkation, 144;
those who enlisted the men declare they were not informed of the
object of the expedition, 144;
embarrassment of their situation, 144;
if the men were guilty they should not receive the benefit of the
interposition of government, 144;
these appeals for mercy would apply better to the Spanish
government, 145;
subject of the greatest delicacy for the United States to interfere,
145;
statement of a lawyer, 145;
we should place the President in a very unpleasant situation, 146;
what has the British Government done? 146;
have not the British subjects been liberated? 146;
what has been the situation of Great Britain to Spain? 146;
what connection exists between the statements that have been made
and the merits of the case? 147;
question lost, 147.

_Mississippi Territory._--Memorial of Legislative Council 264;
report on petition of citizens, 465.
_See Territories._

_Mississippi, free navigation of._--_See Index_, vol. 2.

_Missouri Territory._--_See Territories._

MITCHELL, JOHN, letters relative to American prisoners, 705.

MITCHILL, SAMUEL L., Senator from New York, 3;
on the repeal of the embargo act, 16;
Representative from New York, 315, 424, 577;
on the ratio of representation, 317;
makes a report on the Spanish American colonies, 436;
on the bill to enable the people of Mississippi to form a State
Government, 521;
on imposing additional duties, 539;
on the temporary embargo bill, 550;
reports on an astronomical observatory, 705.
_See Index_, vols. 2, 3.

MONROE, JAMES, number of votes for, as Vice President, 27.
_See Index_, vols. 1, 2.

MONTGOMERY, DANIEL, jr., Representative from Pennsylvania, 36.

MONTGOMERY, JOHN, Representative from Maryland, 36, 125, 187, 315;
on non-intercourse with Great Britain and France, 159;
on remission of certain fines on emigrants from Cuba, 164;
against granting petition of Elizabeth Hamilton, 215;
reports on Bank of the United States, 215;
against the claim of Jared Shattuck, 352.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

MOORE, ANDREW, Senator from Virginia, 5;
on the repeal of the embargo act, 11.
_See Index_, vols. 2, 3.

MOORE, NICHOLAS B., Representative from Maryland, 36, 125, 187, 315.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

MOORE, THOMAS, Representative from South Carolina, 53, 125, 187, 315,
425, 577.
_See Index_, vols. 2, 3.

MORGAN, JAMES, Representative from New Jersey, 424, 580.

MORROW, JEREMIAH, Representative from Ohio, 36, 125, 187, 315, 425,
577;
reports on the claim for military services in the old French war,
319.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

MORROW, JOHN, Representative from Virginia, 36.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

MOSELY, JONATHAN O., Representative from Connecticut, 36, 124, 187,
315, 424, 577;
on an additional military force, 614.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

_Mounted Troops._--In the House, resolution presented to authorize an
expedition of mounted volunteers against certain hostile Indian
tribes, 579;
the people have the will and power to extirpate these tribes or
compel their surrender, 579;
duty of Congress to organize this power and direct this will, 579;
since the defeat of Braddock no campaign had been carried on with
them suitable to bring them to reason, 579;
experience of the past, 579;
the work has been begun and should be completed, 580;
subject considered, 650;
resolutions relative to, offered, 651;
laid on the table, 651.

MUMFORD, GURDON S., Representative from New York, 36, 212, 316;
on submission to the late edicts of England and France, 49;
opposes laying up of the frigates, 229;
on commercial intercourse with France and Great Britain, 378.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

N

_National University._--_See Index_, vol. 2.

_Naturalization Laws._--In the House, resolution relative to amending
the law, offered, 543;
by the law the courts are prohibited naturalizing foreigners since
the declaration of war, 543;
to persons who have taken their first papers the Government is
pledged, 543;
resolution referred, 543;
supplementary bill introduced, 594;
amendments offered, 594.

_In the House._--Motion to amend considered, 715;
motion lost, 715;
section depriving of his right any one who leaves the country for
two years, lost, 715;
bill ordered to be engrossed, 715;
passage opposed, 715;
bill recommitted, 715.
_See Index_, vols. 1, 2.

_Naturalized Citizens._--Petition for protection, 574.

_Naval Establishment._--Bill relative to, read third time in the
Senate, 176.

_In the House._--Bill to employ an additional number of seamen and
marines, considered; amendments propose immediate arming and
manning all the armed vessels, 97;
President already authorized to fit out these vessels when the
public service requires, 97;
if no occasion exists, the expense is a sufficient argument against
it, 97;
take six months to prepare our ships, 97;
they are rotting now at the docks, 97;
if out at sea they might be useful, 97;
a naval force, the most effectual protection to our seaports, 97;
however small our naval force it should not be undervalued, 97;
a war with Great Britain could be carried on only by distressing her
trade, 97;
if we had a navy it would furnish the strongest temptation to attack
our seaports, 98;
moved to refer amendments of the Senate to a committee of the whole,
98;
motion lost, 98;
no estimate accompanies this bill, 98;
this House as much right to judge of the force requisite as any
other department, 98;
advantages that will accrue to the nation from a few fast-sailing
frigates, 98;
what defence a few frigates would be could not be understood, 98;
our power of coercion is not on the ocean, 98;
sufficient evidence in history to warn the United States against a
naval force, 98;
facts bearing on the case, 98;
economy is good in time of peace, but not for war, 99;
it is shocking doctrine that this country ought to have a navy
competent to cope with a detachment of the British navy, 99;
England now sole mistress of the ocean, 99;
as well think of embarking a hundred thousand men to attack France
on her soil, as of building ships enough to oppose the British
navy, 99;
the question is whether we will call into actual service the little
navy we possess, 99;
those attempting to argue in favor of this measure involve
themselves in absurdities, 99;
these absurdities exposed, 99;
not wealth enough in this whole nation if each should give his all,
to maintain our rights against Great Britain, 100;
at the close of the Revolutionary war we had but one frigate, and
the best thing we did was to give that away, 100;
the insult at Savannah, 100;
would it be good policy to let our means of carrying on war on the
ocean rot at our docks? 100;
why then should they not be manned? 100;
the expense of this measure will compel Congress to borrow money,
100;
disadvantages of loans, 100;
on the score of protection to trade it is not proper to fit out a
navy, 101;
this proposition a mere entering wedge, 101;
causes an extension of Executive patronage which should be limited,
101;
nothing in the nature of the Government or foreign relations to
require a navy, 101;
not now discussing the propriety of raising a naval force for
offensive purposes, 101;
an invasion, whether on land or water, touches equally the
life-blood of every man, 101.

_In the House._--Bill to reduce the naval force read in committee,
227;
moved to strike out so much as provides that all the frigates but
three shall be sold, 228;
moved to strike out the whole section, 228;
the navy should be put on the footing of the peace establishment,
228;
reform in the expenditure desired, 228;
other amendments proposed, 228;
motion to insert Washington as a place for a navy yard carried, 229;
indefinite postponement moved, 229;
withdrawn, 229;
question to strike out so much as orders the sale of all the
gunboats, 229;
mortifying to witness the events unfolding in the Old World, and the
paralyzing system going on in this country, 229;
some system should be adopted for the protection of our commerce,
229;
"millions for defence, not a cent for tribute," 229;
the vessels should be fitted out, 230;
motion to place the navy on the footing of 1806, 230;
the system of the navy yards requires a thorough reform, 230;
mode of equipment referred to, 230;
a reform in the expense, not the abolition of the navy, was the
great desideratum, 230;
what appearance would the passage of this bill present to the world,
after the resolutions adopted at the commencement of the
session? 230;
the _terrapin_ policy, 231;
no one can be insensible to the necessity of protection, 231;
consider the immense space exposed, 231;
the navy is at present sufficiently reduced, 231;
it is asked, what has the navy done? 231;
not that want of system at the navy yards which is complained of,
232;
the smaller vessels are in perfect repair, 232;
what mighty good has the army done by land? 232;
the effects of a naval force upon Cornwallis, 232;
the people of the United States are destined to become a great naval
power, 232;
object of the present reduction is to enable the Government to
dispense with loans and taxes, 233;
nothing can so tend to strangle the infant Hercules of the American
navy, as the injudicious manner in which that power has been
attempted to be brought into action, 233;
the revenue necessary for a naval establishment is founded on
commercial greatness, 233;
but we have changed and perverted all this, 233;
whence come these proceedings which we find? 233;
the reduction will not do any effectual service, 234;
comparative expenses of the navy under the several administrations,
235;
expenses of the marine corps, 236;
expenses of the navy yards, 236;
annual cost of a seaman, 236;
arguments considered, 237;
is it necessary to continue this establishment in its present state?
238;
when the United States had forty sail afloat and eight thousand
seamen, they had no navy yards, 238;
our duty to commence a thorough investigation, 239;
examinations of the committee, 239;
repairs of the vessels, 239;
naval equipments, 239;
motion to strike out so much as orders the sale of all the frigates
but three, lost, 240;
section relative to dismissal of seamen lost, 240.

Motion to strike out the section which reduces the marine corps
considered, 240;
former price of rations, 240;
proportion of mariners to seamen, 240;
who are the true friends of the Administration? 240;
section stricken out, 242;
motion to amend so as to disband the master commandants, 242;
reasons asked for, 242;
the proposition is preposterous, 242;
never been any reason assigned for the creation of these officers,
242;
this amendment called submission to the belligerents, 242;
our situation requires a war speech against somebody, 243;
well if our relative expenditures could be brought back to Mr.
Adams' Administration, 243;
amendments proposed, 244;
save an expenditure of near a million dollars, 244;
the original bill in a different form, 244;
amendment proposed to limit the number of seamen to fifteen hundred,
245;
this retrenchment in the navy will end in smoke, 245;
Adams' Administration made the only reform ever made in the naval
establishment, 245;
reduction made by the act of 1801, 245;
proceedings in 1806, 245;
further debate, 246;
amendment moved, 247;
lost, 247;
original amendment passed, 247.

_In the Senate._--The bill relative to an increase of the navy
considered, 405;
amendment proposed, authorizing the President to cause to be built,
as soon as possible, a blank number of frigates, 405;
offered from a sense of duty to support the dignity, protect the
rights, and advance the best interests of the country, 406;
if it be not the purpose of the Government to engage in an open,
actual, efficient war, or to place the nation in such a complete
state of defence as to avert war from our readiness to meet it,
then some of the measures of the present session are not only
inexcusable, but nearly treasonable, 406;
what was the consequence of the course of the Government in 1793?
406;
look at the case of the war with Tripoli, 406;
then followed the decrees, 406;
commerce has been abandoned, 406;
what was the leading object of the adoption of the Federal
Constitution in the northern parts of the Union? emphatically to
protect commerce, 406;
the only money paid into the Treasury which can justly be placed to
the exclusive credit of the commerce, is the sum retained in
commerce; how, then, has she done every thing for the
Government? 407;
who are most interested in commerce; the growers of the articles, or
the factors, or freighters employed in their exchange? 407;
exports of foreign productions constitutes a commerce which is the
legitimate offspring of war, and expires with the first dawnings
of peace, 408;
it is prosecuted chiefly by commercial cities east and north of the
Potomac, 408;
a navy can injure commerce, but cannot afford it protection, unless
it annihilates the naval force of the adverse nation, 408;
these frigates are to be employed in destroying the commerce of the
enemy, and not in fighting her armed vessels, according to the
representations of gentlemen, 408;
bill concerning the Naval establishment considered, 477;
moved to fill the blank of the first section with $480,000; a great
question, involving, in this subject, to a considerable extent,
the fate of a species of national defence, the most essential
and necessary, 478;
if the infant Naval establishment is put down, the majority of this
House run a great risk of becoming the minority, 478;
it has been said this country is a great land animal, which should
not venture into the water, 478;
the ocean is the farm of a great portion of our people, 478;
we are now going to war, to protect their rights, 478;
if Great Britain had not the Canadas on our border, how could we
attack or resist her? 478;
the Naval establishment has been too much neglected, 478;
the committee ask what this House will do, principally toward
establishing and perpetuating a respectable naval force, for the
protection of the rights of the people exposed on the ocean,
478;
the adoption of a respectable Naval establishment is deemed improper
on the grounds of its enormous expense, and the inability of the
nation to resist with effect, the immense naval power of Great
Britain, 478;
its expense during eighteen years, 479;
an examination of the figures and statements, 479;
the average annual expense is little more than twice the amount of
our economical civil list, 479;
less expensive than the military establishment, 479;
compare the service of the army with that of the navy, 479;
if the expenses have been extravagant, there is an opportunity
through experience, to reform the abuse, 479;
a naval force the cheapest defence, 479;
compare its expense with that of permanent fortifications, 479;
the force proposed is sufficient to protect us on our own seas, and
defend our ports and harbors against the naval power of Great
Britain, 479;
such is the opinion of naval men, 479;
a triple force will be required by the enemy to put himself on a
footing of equality with that of the United States, 480;
the force sent here must be relieved every three months, 480;
Halifax is the only suitable port Great Britain has on this coast,
480;
great misconception on the subject of the British naval force, 480;
this force examined, 480;
only a limited number of ships can be directed by her towards a
given point, 480;
her seamen, also, are limited, 480;
her pecuniary resources are limited, 480;
what number of vessels is she practically able to keep in
commission? 480;
some oppose this bill, lest we should become too great a naval
power, 481;
but a navy is said to be anti-republican, 481;
we are told that navies have ruined every nation that has employed
them, 481;
objections to the bill, 481;
after the war is over, the navy will remain, 482;
the army will be disbanded, 482;
it is inexpedient to commence a permanent naval establishment, 482;
we are unprepared for it, 482;
we cannot protect our commerce on the ocean, 482;
the expenses of a Naval establishment exceed the profits which arise
from the commerce it protects, 483;
these expenses are a serious objection, 483;
what has the nation benefited for the past enormous expenditure?
483;
details of the expenditure at the Washington Navy Yard, 483;
a navy will be the means of exciting many wars, 483;
consider the fate of all nations who have been famous for their
navies, 483;
Great Britain must sink under the heavy pressure, 484;
our vessels may only tend to swell the present catalogue of the
British Navy, 484;
small ships are proper for the service of the United States, 484;
if we proceed to build a Naval establishment, it may affect the
destinies of this nation to the latest posterity, 484;
this nation is not inevitably destined to become a great naval
power, 484;
reasons why a permanent establishment will prove ruinous, 484;
the proposed establishment cannot be maintained, without permanent
internal taxes and a constant increase of public debt, 484;
navies have never been considered adequate to the complete
protection of commerce, 484;
the situation of Europe is in all respects different from ours, 485;
instructions of the Virginia Legislature to their Senators in
Congress, in 1801, 485;
establish a navy and this country may bid farewell to peace, 485;
our little navy has already contributed much towards the irritation
which exists between us and England, 486;
the object in view is as ruinous to the finances of the people as it
will be destructive to the peace of the nation, 486;
since the political revolution in 1801, the question of building a
navy has never before been presented directly to the
consideration of Congress, 486;
the United States cannot maintain a navy without oppression to the
great mass of the community in the persons of tax-gatherers,
486;
the system as well as the expense objected to, 486;
_note_, 486;
the people will not support such a naval establishment, 487;
the advocates of a navy need not expect to cover the deformity and
danger of the system, by telling the people they are the friends
to the protection of commerce, 487;
the division of sentiment in the delegations from different States,
487;
search for examples in ancient and modern history, 487;
has the navy of Britain ever been confined to the protection of her
lawful commerce? 488;
the report has assumed principles as erroneous as they are novel,
488;
maritime commerce has only a coeval right of protection with other
objects; still the greatest means and resources of the
Government have been devoted to its protection, 488;
it is asked how we shall contend with a maritime nation, without a
navy? objections to the object in view answered, 489;
the nature of commerce, 489;
the value of commerce has been strangely misunderstood, 489;
but we have determined to defend it, 490;
we must employ the cheapest and most efficacious means of hostility
we possess, 490;
if it is absurd to protect commerce by a navy, how much more so by
an army, which costs more than a navy, 490;
the strongest recommendation of a navy to free governments has been
that it was capable of defending, but not of enslaving, 490;
a navy, it is said, would terminate in an aristocracy or a minority,
490;
the constitution was formed by the union of independent States, that
the strength of the whole might be employed for the protection
of every part, 490;
an army the States can have without the Union, but an adequate navy
they cannot, 490;
the experience of the world, 491;
expenses of the navy, 491;
it is said our resources are insufficient for its equipment, 491;
the bill embraces two objects, 492;
one relates to the repairs and equipment of the ships in service;
the other contemplates building ten additional frigates, and
laying the foundation of a new Naval establishment, 492;
as an abstract question, it is for the interest of the United States
to begin the establishment, 492;
this proved by its connection with the great and essential interests
of the country, 492;
commerce springs from our agriculture, and must be protected, 493;
while England and France have been contending for the mastery, we,
with a suitable naval force and strict neutrality, might have
pursued a gainful trade, 493;
this question must have an influence on our destiny favorable if
decided negatively, and adverse if decided affirmatively, 493;
the constitution is not imperative with regard to regulating and
protecting commerce, 494;
the general principles and remote consequences upon which this
question has been considered, 494;
how it is proposed to protect commerce, 495;
from a naval power have flowed the most copious streams of human
misery, 495;
the plunder of half the world has not sustained the British Navy,
495;
a diversity of opinions has always existed on this subject, 496;
extraordinary that so much unreasonable jealousy should exist in
regard to a Naval establishment, 496;
the source of alarm is in ourselves, 497;
abundant security in the nature of our Government against abuse,
497;
what maritime strength is it expedient to provide for the United
States? 497;
three different degrees of power present themselves, 497;
these degrees considered, 497;
views of Col. Daviess, 498;
_note_, 498;
what was folly in 1798 may be wisdom now, 498;
blank filled with $100,000, 498;
bill reported to the House, 498;
question on filling the blank for repairing with $480,000, it was
carried, 498;
question on agreeing to the report of the committee to strike out
the section which contemplated building new frigates, 499;
the time inauspicious to begin a navy, 499;
our ships probably fall a prey to the superior force of England,
499;
the necessity and duty of a systematic protection of our maritime
rights by maritime means, 499;
interest is our only sure and permanent bond of union, 499;
the national protection of our essential interests will be
undertaken by the States if it is not by Congress, 499;
the nature of the interest to be protected, and the nature of the
protection to be extended, 500;
the locality of the interest, 500;
it is the leading interest of more than one-half, and the
predominant interest of more than one-third of the Union, 500;
comparison of our commerce with that of Great Britain, 501;
the permanency of this interest exhibits the folly and madness of
its neglect, 501;
as to the nature of the protection, rights in their nature local can
only be maintained where they exist, and not where they do not
exist, 502;
the nature and degree of maritime protection, and our capacity to
extend it, 502;
our exertions should be extended rather than graduated by the
present exigency, 502;
there can be no mistake touching the branch of interest most
precious to commercial men, 502;
some difference of opinion may arise touching the nature and extent
of this naval force, 503;
is it a want of pecuniary or physical capacity? 503;
this policy will produce confidence at home and respect abroad, 503;
effect of the opposite policy, 503;
a navy never had and never could protect our commerce, 504;
every nation which has embarked in a naval establishment has
eventually been crushed by it, 504;
the embarrassments of our commerce are not owing to a want of a
navy, 504;
this establishment proposed could not be supported but by a ruinous
expense, 504;
question on striking out carried, 504;
amendments offered to procure a dockyard, and to build four
frigates, 505;
do. lost, 505;
bill ordered to a third reading, 505.

_In the House._--Bill from the Senate considered, 599;
moved to add the word "teen," to "four," making fourteen gunships,
599;
time to try the question whether we are to have a navy, 599;
British arms cannot withstand American on the seas, 599;
four seventy-fours are mere mockery, 599;
can easily support such a force 599.

Should guard against being carried too far by the current of popular
opinion, 599;
should authorize that force which can be prepared at the shortest
notice, 599;
for what purpose are these ships to be built? 600;
where is your commerce to protect? 600;
the object of these vessels, then, is to fight your battles, 600;
moved to strike out all relating to seventy-fours, 601;
to introduce these ships would fix the policy of a navy upon the
Government, 601;
scene in the British metropolis, 601;
if in view of recent events a navy is not sustained, its case is
hopeless, 601;
the constitution settles the policy of a navy, 601;
seventy-fours as compared with smaller vessels for service, 602;
protection due to every right, best mode to effect it, 603;
importance of a naval force attested on record, 603;
facts which we have in the case, 603;
is it for an infant nation to be deterred by a want of preparation?
603;
what were the preparations for the Revolutionary war? 603;
a naval force the cheapest the nation can resort to for defence and
protection, 604;
cost of the force, 604;
the different kinds of vessels proposed, 604;
the question is whether it is best to build any ships of the line or
to confine our efforts to frigates, 605;
the objects for their employment to be considered, 605;
ships better for battle, frigates and sloops for cruisers, 605;
as we have no powerful ships, England can easily protect by convoy
all her valuable fleets, 605;
it is said these ships would be blockaded, 605;
we are in a prepared state to build seventy-fours, 606;
motion to strike out seventy-fours negatived, 606;
motion to strike out seventy-fours, and insert frigates and sloops,
carried, 606;
question on the passage of the bill, 609;
a navy will cost more than it ever will be worth to the nation, 609;
a kind of popular delusion at this time about a navy, 609;
further objections, 610;
bill passed, 610.
_See Index_, vols. 1, 2, 3.

_Navigation Laws._--In the House, resolutions relative to vessels
coming from ports to which our vessels cannot go and also
sea-letter vessels offered, 188;
motion to refer to Committee on Commerce, 188;
investigation, the object of the resolutions, 188;
character of the propositions such as to require it, 188;
they are founded on permanent principles, to which the nation may
adhere in every alternative, 188;
reference carried, 189.

_Negroes, Kidnapping of._--_See Index_, vol. 2.

NELSON, HUGH, Representative from Virginia, 424, 577;
on rules and orders of the House, 471;
presents the petition of citizens of Louisiana Territory, 474;
on the temporary embargo bill, 547.

NELSON, ROGER, Representative from Maryland, 37, 125, 187;
on submission to the late edicts of England and France, 72;
presents a bill authorizing an increased naval force, 84;
favors the resolution for immediate measures to liberate American
prisoners in Carthagena, 95;
reports on petition of officers of the Revolution, 212.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

_Neutral Rights, violation of._--In the House, resolutions submitted,
which are designed to vindicate the commercial rights of the
United States against belligerents of Europe, 189;
their introduction not inconsistent with the most friendly
negotiation, 189;
high time these rights were vindicated or abandoned, 189;
upon what principles do the belligerents pretend to justify these
commercial restrictions? 189;
not the true principle, 189;
what principles are more specifically asserted by Great Britain?
189;
the right to blockade by proclamation, 189;
the only principle we recognize, 190;
this right founded on the most arbitrary power, 190;
have we not the same right as Great Britain to prohibit trade? 190;
objected, that the adoption of the resolutions would lead to
hostility, 190;
the resolutions, 190;
laid on the table, 191.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

NEW, ANTHONY, Representative from Kentucky, 424, 577;
on the claim of Matthew Lyon, 426.
_See Index_, vols. 1, 2,3.

NEWBOLD, THOMAS, Representative from New Jersey, 36, 124, 187, 319,
424, 577.

_New Hampshire._--Vote for President in 1808, 27;
in 1812, 573, 711.

_New Jersey._--Vote for President in 1808, 27;
in 1812, 573, 711.

_Newspapers._--Three daily ordered for the House, 425.

NEWTON, THOMAS, Representative from Virginia, 36, 125, 187, 315, 424,
577;
on additional revenue cutters, 47, 48;
on permitting Swedish and Portuguese vessels to land, 127;
on the remission of certain fines on emigrants from Cuba, 164;
against a committee on manufactures, 193;
relative to the conduct of the British Minister, 206;
reports on the mortality of the troops near New Orleans, 247;
on laying additional duties, 431.
_See Index_, vols. 2, 3.

_New York._--Vote for President in 1808, 27;
in 1812, 573, 711.

NICHOLAS, WILSON CARY, Representative from Virginia, 37, 141;
on the proceedings on counting the electoral votes, 105;
on non-intercourse with Great Britain and France, 109.
_See Index_, vols. 2, 3.

NICHOLSON, JOHN, Representative from New York, 124, 188, 319.

_Non-Exportation, Temporary._--Bill passed Senate, 411.

_Non-Exportation in Foreign Bottoms._--In the House, the bill to
prohibit the exportation, &c. of certain articles considered,
719;
bill is not what it professes to be, 719;
it denies commerce to neutrals, 719;
merely calculated to produce vexation and embarrassment at home,
719;
what are the intentions and objects of the bill as stated? 720;
only a part of a contemplated system of non-exportation, 721;
certain articles struck out, 722.

_Non-Importation_, suspension of, report on, 713.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

_Non-Intercourse._--_See Intercourse._

_North Carolina_, vote for President in 1808, 27;
in 1812, 573, 711.

O

_Oaths._--_See Index_, vol. 1.

_Observatory_, astronomical report on, 705.

_Ohio._--Vote for President in 1808, 27;
in 1812, 573, 711.

_Ohio State Government._--_See Index_, vol. 2.

_Officers of the Revolution_, report on petition of, 212.

_Officers, removal of._--_See Index_, vol. 1.

_Offices, plurality of._--_See Index_, vol. 3.

ORMSBY, STEPHEN, Representative from Kentucky, 442, 577.

_Ordinance of 1787, action of Indiana._--_See Index_, vol. 3.

_Orleans Territory._--_See Territories._

P

PARKER, NAHUM, Senator from New Hampshire, 3, 116, 166;
resigns his seat in the Senate, 250.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

PEARSON, JOSEPH, Representative from North Carolina, 126, 187, 315,
425, 577;
on commercial intercourse with France and Great Britain, 390;
on an additional military force, 618.

_Pennsylvania._--Vote for President in 1808, 27;
in 1812, 573, 711.

_Pennsylvania Insurgents._--_See Index_, vol. 1.

_Petitions, reception of._--_See Index_, vol. 2, & _Slavery_, vol. 1.

PICKENS, ISRAEL, Representative from North Carolina, 425, 577;
on Indian Affairs, 428.

PICKERING, TIMOTHY, Senator from Massachusetts, 3, 116, 166, 250;
on the repeal of the embargo act, 21;
on incorporating a bank of the United States, 302.
_See Index_, vols. 2, 3.

PICKMAN, BENJAMIN, jr., Representative from Mass., 124, 197, 319;
on non-intercourse with Great Britain and France, 160;
moves to postpone the resolution relative to the apportionment of
Representation, 224.

PIKE, CAPT. Z. M., bill making compensation to, 96.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

PINCKNEY, C. C., number of votes for, as President, 27.

PIPER, WILLIAM, Representative from Massachusetts, 424, 703.

PITKIN, TIMOTHY, jr., Representative from Connecticut, 36, 124, 187,
315, 424, 577;
against immediate engrossment of the bill relative to the power of
territorial governments, 40;
supports petition of Elizabeth Hamilton, 215;
reports on the establishment of a first meridian, 222;
on the ratio of representation, 317;
on the admission of the territory of Orleans as a State, 326;
against the admission of Mississippi, 352;
on commercial intercourse with France and Great Britain, 397;
on rules and orders of the House, 472;
on the British intrigues, 515;
on French spoliations, 526;
on pay of the Army, 588;
on an additional military force, 623.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

PLEASANTS, JAMES, jr., Representative from Virginia, 424, 577;
presents memorial of inhabitants of St. Louis, 434;
on an additional military force, 617.

POINDEXTER, GEORGE, delegate from Mississippi, 36, 126, 187, 319, 425,
578;
reports a bill relative to the power of territorial governments, 39;
proposes to have the bill engrossed at once, for a third reading,
39, 40;
on territorial government for Mississippi, 42;
on the petition for a division of the Mississippi territory, 141;
on the admission of the territory of Orleans as a State, 325;
in favor of Mississippi being admitted into the Union, 352;
on Indian affairs, 428;
on the bill to enable the people of Mississippi to form a State
government, 519;
on the admission of Louisiana, 523.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

POND, BENJAMIN, Representative from New York, 424, 577.

POPE, JOHN, Senator from Kentucky, 3, 118, 166, 250, 400, 570;
on the repeal of the Embargo act, 7;
on the enforcement of the Embargo, 26;
on the occupation of Florida, 253;
on incorporating a bank of the United States, 285;
on a recess of Congress, 412.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

PORTER, JOHN, Representative from Pennsylvania, 36, 124, 187, 316.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

PORTER, PETER B., Representative from New York, 124, 187, 316, 424,
705;
on the Bank of the United States, 343;
reports relative to the continuance of the charter of the United
States Bank, 398;
on Foreign Relations, 432;
on the bill laying an Embargo, 546.

POTTER, ELISHA R., Representative from Rhode Island, 124, 187, 315,
430;
on imposing additional duties, 542;
on an increase of the Navy, 609.
_See Index_, vol. 2.

POSEY, THOMAS, Senator from Louisiana, 570.

_Postage of Newspapers._--_See Index_, vol. 3.

_Post Office._--_See Index_, vol. 1.

_Potomac River, Bridge._--_See Index_, vol. 3.

POYDRAS, JULIEN, Delegate from the Orleans Territory, 141, 187, 315;
on the Batture at New Orleans, 148, 149.

PREBLE, Commodore, letter of the Secretary of the Navy relative to a
gold medal for, 610.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

_Presents to Ministers._--_See Index_, vol. 2.

_Presidency, Vacancy in._--_See Index_, vol. 1.

_President_, certificate of election of, 27.

_Presidential Election_, certificate of, 574.

_Presidential Election in Massachusetts._--In House, resolution
relative to the mode in which it was conducted, 105;
the present course will make no difference in the result, but it
should induce the House to consider the propriety of providing
some mode of distinguishing between legal and illegal elections,
105.

_Previous Question._--In the House, amendment offered to the rules,
that when the previous question is ordered to be taken, upon the
motion in question being put, every member who has not spoken
shall be at liberty to speak once, 468;
this secures to every member the right to speak at least once on
every question, 468;
what is to justify this measure of imposing silence? it is said the
right of debate has been abused, 468;
the majority insist that the rule will not be abused, 469;
neither the journals of State Legislatures nor the laws of
Parliament offered examples for this arbitrary proceeding, 469;
there is a difference between the freedom of debate and the abuse of
it when you cannot get a decision without an exertion of
physical strength, 469;
this has been our course several times, 469;
a debate is often prolonged to prevent a decision, 469;
if the majority abuse this responsibility, the people will correct
it, 469.

If the majority do not possess it under the constitution, it should
not be given to them, 469;
the rule deserves the character of a _Gag-law_ more than the
sedition law ever did, 469;
this question affects the essential principles of civil liberty, and
saps its hopes at the very foundation, 469;
the ground taken by those who oppose this proposition is, its
necessity and convenience, 469;
these are the points which should be most vigilantly guarded, 469;
the subject is in some respects difficult to manage, 469;
a feeling in and out of the House unpropitious to an impartial
debate, 469;
what is that principle of civil liberty which is amalgamated and
identified with the very existence of a legislative body? 469;
the right of every individual member is in fact the right of his
constituents, 470;
let not any man say this power will not be abused, 470;
the right to speak is an individual right, limit it as you please,
consistent with its single exercise, 470;
it is not true that this power ever was, or ever can be, necessary
in a legislative body, 470;
it may be sometimes convenient, 471;
the haste and clatter which always attends the close of a session is
urged in favor of this measure, 471;
should a member, on great questions, be denied the privilege of
speaking? 471;
to interdict the freedom of speech is a violation of right, 471;
freedom of speech is secured by the constitution, 472;
shall we be deprived of it when we come to this House? 472;
this rule has always been in practice, 472;
the principle is, that a majority at any time in this House can, by
calling the previous question, cut off all debate, 472;
a new construction was given at the close of last session, by which
this rule, which it is proposed to amend, was adopted, 472;
no such power ever before the last session exercised over the
members, 472;
see Journal of the first session of the Third Congress, 472;
reason of the introduction of the previous question, 473;
no necessity for it exists, 473;
amendment lost, 474;
further amendment proposed, 474;
rules adopted, 474;
_note_, 474.

_Privateers_, encouragement to--petition of citizens of New York for a
reduction of duties on prizes, 578;
bill for encouragement of, 580.

_Captures_, petition relative to, 594;
a bill relating to captures, 606;
do. regulating pensions to persons on board private armed ships,
607;
duties on privateer prize goods, report on, 607;
documents referred to in the report, 607;
bill granting a bounty to, considered, 719;
passed, 719.

_In the House._--Bill to compensate officers and crew of our public
vessels, for vessels of the enemy necessarily destroyed at sea,
703;
bill grows out of the case of the Guerriere and Constitution, 703;
principles of the hill unprecedented in any country, 703;
bill defended on the ground of expediency and precedent, 704;
inexpedient and unprecedented, 704.

_In the House._--Bill to provide pensions for persons disabled in
private armed vessels, 704;
improper to adopt a principle so liable to abuse, 704;
a per cent. of wages had been, heretofore, reserved to provide a
fund for this object, 704;
important services rendered by privateers, 704;
doubtful, 704;
bill recommitted, 705;
report on, 712.

_In the House._--Bill to encourage by remitting all claim to duties
on captured goods, 716;
private armed vessels, encouragement of, bill for the, passed, 716.

_Proceedings, confidential_, in the Senate, 415.

_Protective duties._--_See Index_, vol. 1.

_Pro tem. appointment, duration of._--In the Senate, will an
appointment under a State executive to represent a State in the
Senate, cease on the first day of the meeting of the
Legislature, considered, 118;
resolution submitted, 121;
amendment moved and lost, 121;
resolution passed, 121.

_Public credit_, bill to provide for the support of, passed, 122.

_Public lands_, report on the cash system, 611.

_Public lands._--_See Index_, vols. I, 2, 3.

PUGH, JOHN, Representative from Pennsylvania, 36.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

Q

_Quakers, memorial of._--_See Index_, vols. 1, 2, 3.

_Quartermaster's Department._--In the House, a bill for the
establishment of, from the Senate, came up for its third
reading, 476;
no necessity for this office, and that of a Purveyor of public
supplies, 477;
the great object is to provide for a Quartermaster-General's
department, instead of military agents, as employed at present,
477;
these agents, without much responsibility, had nearly controlled the
whole war department, 477;
the duties of Quartermaster-General and Purveyor are very different,
477;
the former is next in consequence to the Commander-in-chief, every
movement of the army is first communicated to him, 477;
if not a Purveyor of supplies during the Revolutionary war, there
was a clothier, who did nearly the same business, 477;
impossible to go to war without a Quartermaster-General, 477;
bill passed, 477.

QUINCY, JOSIAH, Representative from Massachusetts, 36, 124, 187, 316,
424, 581;
on resolution relative to amending the act laying an embargo, 41;
on voting twelve additional revenue cutters, 48;
on submission to the late edicts of England and France, 49, 56;
on non-intercourse with Great Britain and France, 107;
relative to prosecutions for libel, 134;
on the call on the President for papers, 192;
on the conduct of the British minister, 197;
on the Torpedo experiment, 220;
favors postponement of resolution relative to the apportionment of
representation, 224;
offers a resolution relative to Col. Washington, 226;
on the ratio of representation, 318;
on the admission of the territory of Orleans as a State, 327;
against the admission of Mississippi, 352;
on commercial intercourse with France and Great Britain, 370;
on laying additional duties, 431;
on rules and orders of the House, 469;
on a Quartermaster's department, 477;
in favor of a Naval establishment, 499;
on the British intrigues, 516;
on the temporary embargo bill, 547;
on the temporary embargo bill, 548;
moves an amendment to the bill declaring war with Great Britain,
559;
on the pay of the army, 585;
on the policy of the war, 628;
on encouragement to privateer captures, 704;
on non-importation in foreign bottoms, 722.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

R

RANDOLPH, JOHN, Representative from Virginia, 37, 125, 217, 425, 580;
on proceedings on counting electoral votes, 105;
on counting blank ballots, 125;
on a vote of approbation of the conduct of the Executive, 127;
on postponing do., 129;
on Miranda's Expedition, 142, 146;
on the Batture at New Orleans, 149;
offers a resolution relative to the decease of Colonel Washington,
225;
reports a bill for the reduction of the Naval establishment, 227;
on the future Naval establishment, 232;
on the reduction of the Marine corps, 240;
on disbanding the master commandants, 242;
on reduction of the Navy, 245;
on the claim of Matthew Lyon, 426;
on the expenditure of public money, 429;
against the bill for the Government of the territory of Louisiana,
430;
on foreign relations, 434, 436, 462;
on mode of relief of Caraccas, 532;
on the bill laying a temporary embargo, 545, 546;
on pay of the Army, 590;
on the imprisonment of American seamen, 595, 596;
on an additional military force, 681.
_See Index_, vols. 2, 3.

_Rangers for the Frontier_, bill to raise passed in the Senate, 404.

REA, JOHN, Representative from Pennsylvania, 36, 124, 187, 315.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

REED, PHILIP, Senator from Maryland, 3, 121, 168, 250, 400, 569.
_See Index_, vol. 3.

REED, WILLIAM, Representative from Massachusetts, 424, 580.

_Report_, on the petition of citizens engaged in Miranda's expedition,
and confined in the jails at Carthagena, 47;
in Senate relative to foreign armed vessels, 122;
of Secretary of Treasury relative to barred claims, 188;
on the letter of I. A. Coles, 204;
on claim of Elizabeth Hamilton, 212;
on the claim of Alexander Scott, for Indian depredations, 217;
on the mortality of the troops at Terre aux Boeuf, 247;
on the conduct of General Wilkinson, 248;
on extending charter of the bank, 311;
on the claim of General Wilkinson, 312;
on the claim for services in the old French war, 319;
on the Spanish American colonies, 436;
with amendments to the report on memorial of Legislative council of
Mississippi for admission as a State, 465;
relative to the pay of the officers and soldiers of the battle of
Tippecanoe, 475;
on sundry divorces in the district of Columbia, 505;
on the disclosures of John Henry, 524;
_note_, 525;
relative to the Cumberland Road, 530;
relative to the conduct of Judge Toulmin, 533;
on an Astronomical observatory, 705;
relative to amending the act for the Government of the Missouri
Territory, 707;
on the suspension of non-importation, 713.