Chapter XVI: Book I: The escape from Troy; Æneas and his son, driven by a tempest (15)

CONACH'AR, the Highland apprentice of Simon Glover, the old glover of Perth. Conachar is in love with his master's daughter, Catharine, called "the fair maid of Perth;" but Catharine loves and ultimately marries Henry Smith, the armorer. Conachar is at a later period Ian Eachin [_Hector_] M'Ian, chief of the clan Quhele.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

CONAR, son of Trenmor, and first "king of Ireland." When the Fir-bolg (or belgae from Britain settled in the _south_ of Ireland) had reduced the Cael (or colony of Caledonians settled in the _north_ of Ireland) to the last extremity by war, the Cael sent to Scotland for aid. Trathel (grandfather of Fingal) accordingly sent over Conar with an army to their aid; and Conar, having reduced the Fir-bolg to submission, assumed the title of "king of Ireland." Conar was succeeded by his son Cormac I.; Cormac I. by his son Cairbre; Cairbre by his son Artho; Artho by his son Cormac II. (a minor); and Cormac (after a slight interregnum) by Ferad-Artho (restored by Fingal).--Ossian.

CONCORD HYMN, by Ralph Waldo Emerson, and beginning:

"By the rude bridge that arched the flood,
Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,
Here once the embattled farmers stood
And fired the shot heard round the world."

was sung on the Anniversary of the Battle of Concord, April 19, 1836.

CONKEY CHICKWEED, the man who robbed himself of 327 guineas, in order to make his fortune by exciting the sympathy of his neighbors and others. The tale is told by detective Blathers.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).

CON'LATH, youngest son of Morni, and brother of the famous Gaul (_a man's name_). Coiilath was betrothed to Cutho'na, daughter of Ruma, but before the espousals Toscar came from Ireland to Mora, and was hospitably received by Morni. Seeing Cuthona out hunting, Toscar carried her off in his skiff by force, and being overtaken by Conlath they both fell in fight. Three days afterwards Cuthona died of grief.--Ossian, _Conlath and Cuthona_.

CONNAL, son of Colgar, petty king of Togorma, and intimate friend of Cuthullin, general of the Irish tribes. He is a kind of Ulysses, who counsels and comforts Cuthullin in his distress, and is the very opposite of the rash, presumptuous, though generous Calmar.--Ossian, _Fingal_.

CON'NEL (_Father_), an aged Catholic priest full of gentle affectionate feelings. He is the patron of a poor vagrant boy called Neddy Fennel, whose adventures furnished the incidents of Banim's novel called _Father Connell_ (1842).

_Father Connell_ is not unworthy of association
with the Protestant _Vicar of Wakefield_.--R.
Chambers, _English Literature_, ii. 612.

CONINGSBY, a novel by B. Disraeli. The characters are meant for portraits; thus: "Croker" represents Rigby; "Menmouth," Lord Hertford; "Eskdale," Lowther; "Ormsby," Irving; "Lucretia," Mde. Zichy; "Countess Colonna," Lady Strachan; "Sidonia," Baron A. de Rothschild; "Henry Sidney," Lord John Manners; "Belvoir," Duke of Rutland, second son of Beaumanoir. The hero is of noble birth, he loves Edith Millbank, the daughter of a wealthy manufacturer, is returned for Parliament and marries Edith.

CONQUEROR (_The_). Alexander the Great, _The Conqueror of the World_ (B.C. 356, 336-323), Alfonso of Portugal (1094, 1137-1185). Aurungzebe the Great, called _Alemgir_ (1618, 1659-4707), James of Aragon (1206, 1213-1276). Othman or Osman I., founder of the Turkish Empire (1259, 1299-1326). Francisco Pizarro, called _Conquistador_, because he conquered Peru (1475-1541). William, duke of Normandy, who obtained England by conquest (1027,1066-1137).

CON'RAD (_Lord_), the corsair, afterwards called Lara. A proud, ascetic but successful pirate. Hearing that the Sultan, Seyd [Seed], was about to attack the pirates, he entered the palace in the disguise of a dervise, but being found out was seized and imprisoned. He was released by Gulnare (_2 syl_.), the sultan's favorite concubine, and fled with her to the Pirates' Isle, but finding Medo'ra dead, he left the island with Gulnare, returned to his native land, headed a rebellion, and was shot.--Lord Byron, _The Corsair_, continued in _Lara_ (1814). CONRAD DRYFOOS, the son of a rich man, the backer and virtual proprietor of _Every Other Week_, in W. D. Howells's novel, _A Hazard of New Fortunes_.

"He's got a good head and he wanted to study
for the ministry when they were all living together
out on the farm ... You know they used
to think that any sort of stuff was good enough
to make a preacher out of; but they wanted the
good timber for business, and so the old man
wouldn't let him."

Foiled in this purpose, Conrad becomes a reformer and receives a mortal wound in the attempt to protect an old Socialist against the police, who are trying to quell a mob of strikers (1890).

CON'RADE (_2 syl._), a follower of Don John (bastard brother of Don Pedro, Prince of Aragon).--Shakespeare, _Much Ado About Nothing_ (1600).

_Conrade_ (_2 syl._), Marquis of Montserrat, who, with the grand-master of the Templars, conspired against Richard Coeur de Lion. He was unhorsed in combat, and murdered in his tent by the Templar.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

CONSTANCE, mother of Prince Arthur, and widow of Geoffrey Plantagenet.--Shakespeare, _King John_ (1598).

Mrs. Bartley's "Lady Macbeth," "Constance,"
and "Queen Katherine" [_Henry VIII._], were
powerful embodiments, and I question if they
have ever since been so finely portrayed (1785-1850).--J.
Adolphus, _Recollections_.

_Constance_, daughter of Sir William Fondlove, and courted by Wildrake, a country squire, fond of field sports. "Her beauty rich, richer her grace, her mind yet richer still, though richest all." She was "the mould express of woman, stature, feature, body, limb;" she danced well, sang well, harped well. Wildrake was her childhood's playmate, and became her husband.--S. Knowles, _The Love Chase_ (1837).

_Constance_, daughter of Bertulphe, provost of Bruges, and bride of Bouchard, a knight of Flanders. She had "beauty to shame young love's most fervent dream, virtue to form a saint, with just enough of earth to keep her woman." By an absurd law of Charles "the Good," earl of Flanders, made in 1127, this young lady, brought up in the lap of luxury, was reduced to serfdom, because her grandfather was a serf; her aristocratic husband was also a serf because he married her (a serf). She went mad at the reverse of fortune, and died.--S. Knowles, _The Provost of Bruges_ (1836).

_Constance Varley_. American girl traveling in the East with friends, and bearing with her everywhere the memory of a man she has loved for years in secret. She meets him at Damascus and after some days of pleasant companionship, he resolves to offer his hand to her. The words are upon his tongue, when an unfortunate misunderstanding divides them forever. A year later she marries another man who loves her sincerely without appreciating the finest part of her nature.

A woman quotes at sight of Constance's portrait:

"I discern
Infinite passion and the pain
Of finite hearts that yearn."

"There was a singular suggestion of sadness
about the grave sweet eyes, and on the small
close mouth."--Julia C. Fletcher, _Mirage_
(1882).

CONSTANS, a mythical king of Britain. He was the eldest of the three sons of Constantine, his two brothers being Aurelius Ambrosius and Uther Pendragon. Constans was a monk, but at the death of his father he laid aside the cowl for the crown. Vortigern caused him to be assassinated, and usurped the crown. Aurelius Ambrosius succeeded Vortigern, and was himself succeeded by his younger brother, Uther Pendragon, father of King Arthur. Hence it will appear that Constans was Arthur's uncle.

CONSTANT (_Ned_), the former lover of Lady Brute, with whom she intrigued after her marriage with the surly knight.--Vanbrugh, _The Provoked Wife_ (1697).

_Constant_ (_Sir Bashful_), a younger brother of middle life, who tumbles into an estate and title by the death of his elder brother. He marries a woman of quality, but finding; it _comme il faut_ not to let his love be known, treats her with indifference and politeness, and though he dotes on her, tries to make her believe he loves her not. He is very soft, carried away by the opinions of others, and is an example of the truth of what Dr. Young has said, "What is mere good nature but a fool?"

_Lady Constant_, wife of Sir Bashful, a woman of spirit, taste, sense, wit, and beauty. She loves her husband, and repels with scorn an attempt to shake her fidelity because he treats her with cold indifference.--A. Murphy, _The Way to Keep Him_ (1760).

CONSTAN'TIA, sister of Petruccio, governor of Bologna, and mistress of the duke of Ferrara.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Chances_ (1620).

_Constantia_, a _protégée_ of Lady McSycophant. An amiable girl, in love with Egerton McSycophant, by whom her love is amply returned.--C. Macklin, _The Man of the World_ (1764).

CON'STANTINE (_3 syl._), a king of Scotland, who (in 937) joined Anlaf (a Danish king) against Athelstan. The allied kings were defeated at Brunanburh, in Northumberland, and Constantine was made prisoner.

Our English Athelstan ...
Made all the Isle his own,
And Constantine, the king a prisoner hither brought.

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. 3 (1613).

CONSTANTINOPLE (_Little_), Kertch was so called by the Genoese from its extent and its prosperity. Demosthenês calls it "the granary of Athens."

CONSUELO (_4 syl._), the impersonation of moral purity in the midst of temptations. Consuelo is the heroine of a novel so called by George Sand (i.e. Mde. Dudevant).

CONTEMPORANEOUS DISCOVERIES. Goethe and Vicq d'Azyrs discovered at the same time the intermaxillary bone. Goethe and Von Baer discovered at the same time Morphology. Goethe and Oken discovered at the same time the vertebral system. _The Penny Cyclopaedia_ and _Chambers's Journal_ were started nearly at the same time. The invention of printing is claimed by several contemporaries. The processes called Talbotype and Daguerreotype were nearly simultaneous discoveries. Leverrier and Adams discovered at the same time the planet Neptune.

This list may be extended to a very great length.

CONTENTED MAN (_The_). Subject of a poem by Rev. John Adams in 1745

No want contracts the largeness of his thoughts,
And nothing grieves him but his conscious faults,
He makes his GOD his everlasting tower
And in His firm munition stands secure.

CONTEST _(Sir Adam_). Having lost his first wife by shipwreck, he married again after the lapse of some twelve or fourteen years. His second wife was a girl of 18, to whom he held up his first wife as a pattern and the very paragon of women. On the wedding day this first wife made her appearance. She had been saved from the wreck; but Sir Adam wished her in heaven most sincerely.

_Lady Contest_, the bride of Sir Adam, "young, extremely lively, and prodigiously beautiful." She had been brought up in the country, and treated as a child, so her _naïveté_ was quite captivating. When she quitted the bride-groom's house, she said, "Good-by, Sir Adam, good-by. I did love you a little, upon my word, and should be really unhappy if I did not know that your happiness will be infinitely greater with your first wife."

_Mr. Contest_, the grown-up son of Sir Adam, by his first wife.--Mrs. Inchbald, _The Wedding Day_ (1790).

CONTINENCE.

ALEXANDER THE GREAT having gained the battle of Issus (B.C. 333), the family of King Darius fell into his hands; but he treated the ladies as queens, and observed the greatest decorum towards them. A eunuch, having escaped, told Darius that his wife remained unspotted, for Alexander had shown himself the most continent and generous of men.--Arrian, _Anabasis of Alexander_, iv. 20.

SCIPIO AFRICANUS, after the conquest of Spain, refused to touch a beautiful princess who had fallen into his hands, "lest he should be tempted to forget his principles." It is, moreover, said that he sent her back to her parents with presents, that she might marry the man to whom she was betrothed. A silver shield, on which this incident was depicted, was found in the river Rhone by some fishermen in the seventeenth century.

E'en Scipio, or a victor yet more cold,
Might have forgot his virtue at her sight.

N. Rowe, _Tamerlane_, iii. 3 (1702.)

ANSON, when he took the _Senhora Theresa de Jesus_, refused even to see the three Spanish ladies who formed part of the prize, because he was resolved to prevent private scandal. The three ladies consisted of a mother and her two daughters, the younger of whom was "of surpassing beauty."

CONVEN'TUAL FRIARS are those who live in _convents_, contrary to the rule of St. Francis, who enjoined absolute poverty, without land, books, chapel, or house. Those who conform to the rule of the founder are called "Observant Friars."

CONVERSATION SHARP, Richard Sharp, the critic (1759-1835.)

COOK WHO KILLED HIMSELF (_The_). Vatel killed himself in 1671, because the lobster for his turbot sauce did not arrive in time to be served up at the banquet at Chantilly, given by the Prince de Condé to the king.

COOKS OF MODERN TIMES. Carême, called "The Regenerator of Cookery" (1784-1833). Charles Elmé Francatelli, cook at Crockford's, then in the Royal Household, and lastly at the Reform Club (1805-1876). Ude, Gouffé, and Alexis Soyer, the last of whom died in 1858.

COOKERY (_Regenerator of_), Carême (1784-1833.)

(Ude, Gouffé, and Soyer were also regenerators of this art).

COOPER (_Anthony Ashly_,) earl of Shaftesbury, introduced by Sir W. Scott in _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.)

COPHET'UA or COPET'HUA, a mythical king of Africa, of great wealth, who fell in love with a beggar-girl, and married her. Her name was Penel'ophon, but Shakespeare writes it Zenel'ophon in _Love's Labour's Lost_, act iv. sc. 1. Tennyson has versified the tale in _The Beggar-Maid._--Percy, _Reliques_, I. ii. 6.

COPLEY (_Sir Thomas_), in attendance on the earl of Leicester at Woodstock.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

COPPER CAPTAIN (_A_), Michael Perez, a captain without money, but with a plentiful stock of pretence, who seeks to make a market of his person and commission by marrying an heiress. He is caught in his own trap, for he marries Estifania, a woman of intrigue, fancying her to be the heiress Margaritta. The captain gives the lady "pearls," but they are only whitings' eyes. His wife says to him:

Here's a goodly jewel..
Did you not win this at Goletta, captain?..
See how it sparkles, like an old lady's eyes..
And here's a chain of whitings' eyes for pearls..
Your clothes are parallels to these, all counterfeits.
Put these and them on you're a man of copper,
A copper,... copper captain.

Beaumont and Fletcher, _Rule a Wife and
Have a Wife_ (1640).

COPPERFLELD (_David_), the hero of a novel by Charles Dickens. David is Dickens himself, and Micawber is Dickens's father. According to the tale, David's mother was nursery governess in a family where Mr. Copperfield visited. At the death of Mr. Copperfield, the widow married Edward Murdstone, a hard, tyrannical man, who made the home of David a dread and terror to the boy. When his mother died, Murdstone sent David to lodge with the Micawbers, and bound him apprentice to Messrs. Murdstone and Grinby, by whom he was put into the warehouse, and set to paste labels upon wine and spirit bottles. David soon became tired of this dreary work, and ran away to Dover, where he was kindly received by his [great]-aunt Betsey Trotwood, who clothed him, and sent him as day-boy to Dr. Strong, but placed him to board with Mr. Wickfield, a lawyer, father of Agnes, between whom and David a mutual attachment sprang up. David's first wife was Dora Spenlow, but at the death of this pretty little "child-wife," he married Agnes Wickfield.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849).

COPPERHEADS, members of a faction in the North, during the civil war in the United States. The copperhead is a poisonous serpent, that gives no warning of its approach, and hence is a type of a concealed or secret foe. (_The Trigonecephalus contortrix_.)

COPPERNOSE (_3 syl_.). Henry VIII. was so called, because he mixed so much copper with the silver coin that it showed after a little wear in the parts most pronounced, as the nose. Hence the sobriquets "Coppernosed Harry," "Old Copper-nose," etc.

COPPLE, the hen killed by Reynard, in the beast-epic called _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).

CORA, the gentle, loving wife of Alonzo, and the kind friend of Rolla, general of the Peruvian army.--Sheridan, _Pizarro_ (altered from Kotzebue, 1799).

CORA MUNRO, the daughter of an English officer and the elder of the sisters whose adventures fill Cooper's _Last of the Mohicans._ Cora loves Heyward the as yet undeclared lover of Alice, and has, herself, attracted the covetous eye of Magua, an Indian warrior. He contrives to gain possession of her, and drawing his knife, gives her the choice between death and his wigwam.

Cora neither heard nor heeded his demand ... Once
more he struggled with himself and lifted
the keen weapon again--but just then a piercing
cry was heard above them, and Uncas
appeared, leaping frantically from a fearful
height upon the ledge. Magua recoiled a step,
and one of his assistants, profiting by the chance,
sheathed his own knife in the bosom of Cora.
(1826).

CO'RAH, in Dryden's satire of _Absalom and Architophel_, is meant for Dr. Titus Oates. As Corah was the political calumniator of Moses and Aaron, so Titus Oates was the political calumniator of the pope and English papists. As Corah was punished by "going down alive into the pit," so Oates was "condemned to imprisonment for life," after being publicly whipped and exposed in the pillory. North describes Titus Oates as a very short man, and says, if his mouth were taken for the centre of a circle, his chin, forehead, and cheekbones would fall in the circumference.

Sunk were his eyes, his voice was harsh and loud,
Sure signs he neither choleric was, nor proud;
His long chin proved his wit; his saint-like grace,
A Church vermilion, and a Moses' face;
His memory miraculously great
Could plots, exceeding man's belief, repeat.

Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, i. (1631).

CORBAC'CIO _(Signior)_, the dupe of Mosca the knavish confederate of Vol'pone (_2 syl_.). He is an old man, with seeing and hearing faint, and understanding dulled to childishness, yet he wishes to live on, and

Feels not his gout nor palsy; feigns himself
Younger by scores of years; flatters his age
With confident belying it; hopes he may
With charms, like Aeson, have his youth restored.

Ben Jonson, _Volpone or the Fox_ (1605).

Benjamin Johnson [1665-1742] ... seemed to be proud to wear the poet's double name, and was particularly great in all that author's plays that were usually performed, viz "Wasp," in _Bartholomew Fair_; "Corbaccio;" "Morose," in _The Silent Woman_; and "Ananias," in _The Alchemist_.--Chetwood.

C. Dibdin says none who ever saw W. Parsons (1736-1795) in "Corbaccio" could forget his effective mode of exclaiming "Has he made his will? What has he given me!" but Parsons himself says: "Ah! to see 'Corbaccio' acted to perfection, you should have seen Shuter. The public are pleased to think that I act that part well, but his acting was as far superior to mine as Mount Vesuvius is to a rushlight."

COR'BANT, the rook, in the beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_ (1498). (French, _corbeau_, "a rook.")

CORCE'CA _(3 syl_.), mother of Abessa. The word means "blindness of heart," or Romanism. Una sought shelter under her hut, but Corceca shut the door against her; whereupon the lion which accompanied Una broke down the door. The "lion" means _England_, "Corceca" _popery_, "Una" _protestantism_, and "breaking down the door" _the Reformation_.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. 3 (1590).

CORDAY (_Marie Anne Charlotte_), descendant of the poet Corneille. Born in Normandy 1768. She killed the bloody Marat in the bath and was guillotined for the deed, July, 1793.

CORDE'LIA, youngest daughter of King Lear. She was disinherited by her royal father, because her protestations of love were less violent than those of her sisters. Cordelia married the king of France, and when her two elder sisters refused to entertain the old king with his suite, she brought an army over to dethrone them. She was, however, taken captive, thrown into prison, and died there.

Her voice was ever soft,
Gentle, and low; an excellent thing in woman.

Shakespeare, _King Lear_, act v. sc. 3 (1605).

CORFLAM'BO, the personification of sensuality, a giant killed by Arthur. Corflambo had a daughter named Paea'na, who married Placidas, and proved a good wife to him.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 8 (1596).

CORIAT (_Thomas_) died 1617, author of a book called _Crudities_.

Besides, 'tis known he could speak Greek,
As naturally as pigs do squeak.

Lionel Cranfield, _Panegyric Verses on T. Coriat_

But if the meaning was as far to seek
As Coriat's horse was of his master's Greek,
When in that tongue he made a speech at length,
To show the beast the greatness of his strength.

G. Wither, _Abuses Stript and Whipt_ (1613).

COREY (_Bromfield_). An amiable Boston aristocrat in W. D. Howells's story, _The Rise of Silas Lapham_. His father complains of his want of energy and artistic tastes, but allows him "to travel indefinitely." He remains abroad ten years studying art, comes home and paints an amateurish portrait of his father, marries and has a family, but continues a dilettante, never quite abandoning his art, but working at it fitfully. He does nothing especially clever, but never says anything that is not clever, and is as much admired as he is beloved. At heart he is true, however cynical may be his words, and throughout he is the _gentleman_ in grain, and incorruptible (1885).

CORIN, "the faithful shepherdess," who, having lost her true love by death, retired from the busy world, remained a virgin for the rest of her life, and was called "The Virgin of the Grove." The shepherd Thenot (final _t_ pronounced) fell in love with her for her "fidelity," and to cure him of his attachment she pretended to love him in return. This broke the charm, and Thenot no longer felt that reverence of love he before entertained. Corin was skilled "in the dark, hidden virtuous use of herbs," and says:

Of all green wounds I know the remedies
In men and cattle, be they stung by snakes,
Or charmed with powerful words of wicked art,
Or be they love-sick.

--John Fletcher, _The Faithful Shepherdess_, i. 1, (1610).

_Cor'in, Corin'eus_ (3 _syl_.), or _Corine'us_ (4 _syl_.) "strongest of mortal men," and one of the suite of Brute (the first mythical king of Britain.) (See CORINEUS.)

From Corin came it first? [_i.e., the Cornish hug in wrestling_].

M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, i. (1612).

CORINEUS (3 _syl_). Southey throws the accent on the _first_ syllable, and Spenser on the _second_. One of the suite of Brute. He overthrew the giant Goëm'agot, for which achievement he was rewarded with the whole western horn of England, hence called Corin'ea, and the inhabitants Corin'eans. (See CORIN).

Corineus challenged the giant to wrestle with him. At the beginning of the encounter, Corineus and the giant standing front to front held each other strongly in their arms, and panted aloud for breath; but Goëmagot presently grasped Corineus with all his might, broke three of his ribs, two on his right side and one on his left. At which Corineus, highly enraged, roused up his whole strength, and snatching up the giant, ran with him on his shoulders to the neighboring shore, and getting on to the top of a high rock, hurled the monster into the sea ... The place where he fell is called Lam Goëmagot or Goëmagot's Leap, to this day.--Geoffrey, _British History_, i. 16 (1142).

When father Brute and Cor'ineus set foot On the white island first.

Southey, _Madoc_, vi. (1805).

Cori'neus had that province utmost west. To him assigned.

Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 10 (1500).

Drayton makes the name a word of four syllables, and throws the accent on the last but one.

Which to their general then great Corine'us had.

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, i. (1612).

CORINNA, a Greek poetess of Boeotia, who gained a victory over Pindar at the public games (fl. B.C. 490).

... they raised
A tent of satin, elaborately wrought
With fair Corinna's triumph.

Tennyson, _The Princess_, iii.

_Corinna_, daughter of Gripe, the scrivener. She marries Dick Amlet. Sir John Vanbrugh, _The Confederacy_ (1695).

See lively Pope advance in jig and trip
"Corinna," "Cherry," "Honeycomb," and "Snip;"
Not without art, but yet to nature true,
She charms the town with humor just yet new.

Churchill, _Roseiad_ (1761).

Corinne' (2 _syl_.) the heroine and title of a novel by Mde. de Staël. Her lover proved false, and the maiden gradually pined away.

_A Corinthian_, a rake, a "fast man." Prince Henry says (1 _Henry IV_. act ii. sc. 4.) "[_They_] tell me I am no proud Jack, like Falstaff, but a Corinthian, a lad of mettle."

CORINTHIAN TOM, "a fast man," the sporting rake in Pierce Egan's _Life in London_.

CORIOLA'NUS _(Caius Marcius_), called Coriolanus from his victory at Cori'oli. His mother was Vetu'ria (_not Volumnia_), and his wife Volumnia (not _Virgilia_). Shakespeare has a drama so called. La Harpe has also a drama entitled _Coriolan_, produced in 1781.--Livy, _Annals_, ii. 40.

I remember her [_Mrs. Siddons_] coming down the stage in the triumphal entry of her son Coriolanus, when her dumb-show drew plaudits that shook the house. She came alone, marching and beating time to the music, rolling ... from side to side, swelling with the triumph of her son. Such was the intoxication of joy which flashed from her eye and lit up her whole face, that the effect was irresistible.--C.M. Young.

CORITA'NI, the people of Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Rutlandshire, and Northamptonshire. Drayton refers to them in his _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).

CORMAC I., son of Conar, a Cael, who succeeded his father as "king of Ireland," and reigned many years. In the latter part of his reign the Fir-bolg (or Belgae settled in the south of Ireland), who had been subjugated by Conar, rebelled, and Cormac was reduced to such extremities that he sent to Fingal for aid. Fingal went with a large army, utterly defeated Colculla "lord of Atha," and re-established Cormac in the sole possession of Ireland. For this service Cormac gave Fingal his daughter Roscra'na for wife, and Ossian was their first son. Cormac I. was succeeded by his son Cairbre; Cairbre by his son Artho; Artho by his son Cormac II. (a minor); and Cormac II., (after a short interregnum) by Ferad-Artho.--Ossian.

CORMAC II. (a minor), king of Ireland. On his succeeding his father Artho on the throne, Swaran, king of Lochlin [_Scandinavia_] invaded Ireland, and defeated the army under the command of Cuthullin. Fingal's arrival turned the tide of events, for the next day Swaran was routed and returned to Lochlin. In the third year of his reign Torlath rebelled, but was utterly discomfited at lake Lago by Cuthullin, who, however, was himself mortally wounded by a random arrow during the persuit. Not long after this Cairbre rose in insurrection, murdered the young king, and usurped the government. His success, however, was only of short duration, for having invited Oscar to a feast, he treacherously slew him, and was himself slain at the same time. His brother Cathmor succeeded for a few days, when he also was slain in battle by Fingal, and the Conar dynasty restored. Conar (first king of Ireland, a Caledonian) was succeeded by his son Cormac I; Cormac I. was succeeded by his son Cairbre; Cairbre by his son Artho; Artho by his son Cormac II.; and Cormac II (after a short interregnum) by his cousin Ferad-Artho.--Ossian, _Fingal, Dar-Thula and Temora_.

COR'MACK _(Donald)_, a Highland robber-chief.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV).

COR'MALO, a "chief of ten thousand spears," who lived near the waters of Lano (a Scandinavian lake). He went to Inis-Thona (an island of Scandinavia), to the court of King Annir, and "sought the honor of the spear" (i.e. a tournament). Argon, the eldest son of Annir, tilted with him and overthrew him. This vexed Cormalo greatly, and during a hunting expedition he drew his bow in secret and shot both Argon and his brother Ruro. Their father wondered they did not return, when their dog Runa came bounding into the hall, howling so as to attract attention. Annir followed the hound, and found his sons both dead. In the mean time his daughter was carried off by Cormalo. When Oscar, son of Ossian, heard thereof, he vowed vengeance, went with an army to Lano, encountered Cormalo, and slew him. Then rescuing the daughter, he took her back to Inis-Thona, and delivered her to her father.--Ossian, _The War of Inis-Thona._

COR'MORAN' _(The Giant_), a Cornish giant slain by Jack the Giant-killer. This was his first exploit, accomplished when he was a mere boy. Jack dug a deep pit, and so artfully filmed it over atop, that the giant fell into it, whereupon Jack knocked him on the head and killed him.

CORNAVII, the inhabitants of Cheshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, and Worcestershire. Drayton refers to them in his _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).

CORNE'LIA, wife of Titus Sempronius Gracchus, and mother of the two tribunes Tiberius and Caius. She was almost idolized by the Romans, who erected a statue in her honor, with this inscription: CORNELIA, MOTHER OF THE GRACCHI.

Clelia, Cornelia,... and the Roman brows
Of Agrippina

Tennyson, _The Princess_, ii.

CORNET, a waiting-woman on Lady Fanciful. She caused great offence because she did not flatter her ladyship. She actually said to her, "Your ladyship looks very ill this morning," which the French waiting-woman contradicted by saying, "My opinion be, matam, dat your latyship never look so well in all your life." Lady Fanciful said to Cornet, "Get out of the room, I can't endure you;" and then turning to Mdlle, she added, "This wench is insufferably ugly.... Oh, by-the-by, Mdlle., you can take these two pair of gloves. The French are certainly well-mannered, and never flatter."--Vanbrugh, _The Provoked Wife_ (1697).

This is of a piece with the archbishop of Granada and his secretary Gil Blas.

CORNEY (_Mrs_.), matron of the workhouse where Oliver Twist was born. She is a well-to-do widow, who marries Bumble, and reduces the pompous beadle to a hen-pecked husband.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_, xxxvii. (1837).

CORNFLOWER (_Henry_), a farmer, who "beneath a rough outside, possessed a heart which would have done honor to a prince."

_Mrs. Cornflower_, (by birth Emma Belton), the farmer's wife abducted by Sir Charles Courtly.--Dibdin, _The Farmer's Wife_ (1789).

CORNIOLE GIOVANNI DELLE, i.e. Giovanni of the Cornelians, the cognomen given to an engraver of these stones in the time of Lorenzo di Medici. His most famous work, the Savonarola in the Uffoziel gallery.

CORN-LAW RHYMER (_The_), Ebenezer Elliot (1781-1849).

CORNWALL (_Barry_), an imperfect anagram of Bryan Waller Proctor, author of _English Songs_ (1788-1874).

COROMBONA (_Vittoria_), the White Devil, the chief character in a drama by John Webster, entitled _The White Devil, or Vittoria Corombona_ (1612).

CORO'NIS, daughter of Phorôneus (3 _syl_.) king of Pho'cis, metamorphosed by Minerva into a crow. CORPORAL (_The Little_). General Bonaparte was so called after the battle of Lodi(1796).

CORRECTOR (_Alexander the_), Alexander Cruden, author of the _Concordance to the Bible_, for many years a corrector of the press, in London. He believed himself divinely inspired to correct the morals and manners of the world (1701-1770).

COURROUGE' (2 _syl_.), the sword of Sir Otuel, a presumptuous Saracen, nephew of Farracute (3 _syl_.). Otuel was in the end converted to Christianity.

CORSAIR (_The_), Lord Conrad, afterwards called Lara. Hearing that the Sultan Seyd [_Seed_] was about to attack the pirates, he assumed the disguise of a dervise and entered the palace, while his crew set fire to the Sultan's fleet. Conrad was apprehended and cast into a dungeon, but being released by Glulnare (queen of the harem), he fled with her to the Pirates' Isle. Here he found that Medo'ra (his heart's darling) had died during his absence, so he left the Island with Gulnare, returned to his native land, headed a rebellion, and was shot.--Byron, _The Corsair_, continued in _Lara_ (1814).

(This tale is based on the adventures of Lafitte, the notorious buccaneer. Lafitte was pardoned by General Jackson for services rendered to the States in 1815, during the attack of the British on New Orleans).

COR'SAND, a magistrate at the examination of Dirk Hatteraick at Kippletringan.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time George II).

CORSICAN GENERAL (_The_), Napoleon I., who was born in Corsica (1769-1821).

COR'SINA, wife of the corsair who found Fairstar and Chery in the boat as it drifted on the sea. Being made very rich by her foster-children, Corsina brought them up as princes. Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ (The Princess Fairstar, 1682).

CORTE'JO, a cavaliere servente, who as Byron says in _Beppo_:

Coach, servants, gondola, must go to call,
And carries fan and tippet, gloves and shawl.

Was it not for this that no cortejo ere
I yet have chosen from the youth of Sev'ille?

Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 148 (1819).

CORVI'NO (_Signior_), a Venetian merchant, duped by Mosca into believing that he is Vol'pone's heir.--Ben Jonson, _Volpone or the Fox_ (1605).

CORYATE'S CRUDITIES, a book of travels by Thomas Coryate, who called himself the "Odcombian Legstretcher." He was the son of the rector of Odcombe (1577--1617).

CORYCIAN NYMPHS (_The_), the Muses, so called from the cave of Corycîa on Lyeorça, one of the two chief summits of Mount Parnassus, in Greece.

COR'YDON, a common name for a shepherd. It occurs in the _Idylls_ of Theocritos; the _Eclogues_ of Virgil; _The Cantata_, v., of Hughes, etc.

_Cor'ydon_, the shepherd who languished for the fair Pastorella (canto 9). Sir Calidore, the successful rival, treated him most courteously, and when he married the fair shepherdess, gave Corydon both flocks and herds to mitigate his disappointment (canto 11).--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, vi. (1596).

_Cor'ydon_, the shoemaker, a citizen.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

CORYPHAEUS OF GERMAN LITERATURE _(The)_, Goethe.

The Polish poet called upon ... the great Corypheeus of German literature.--W. R. Morfell, _Notes and Queries_, April 27, 1878.

CORYPHE'US (4 _syl_.), a model man or leader, from the Koruphaios or leader of the chorus in the Greek drama. Aristarchos is called _The Corypheus of Grammarians_.

COSETTE. Illegitimate child of Fantine, a Parisian _grisette_. She puts the baby into the care of peasants who neglect and maltreat the little creature. She is rescued by the ex-convict Jean Valjean, who nurtures her tenderly and marries her to a respectable man.--Victor Hugo, _Les Miserables._

COSME _(St.)_, patron of surgeons, born in Arabia. He practised medicine in Cilicia with his brother St. Damien, and both suffered martyrdom under Diocletian in 303 or 310. Their fête day is December 27. In the twelfth century there was a medical society called _Saint Cosme_.

COS'MIEL (3 _syl_.), the genius of the world. He gave to Theodidactus a boat of asbestos, in which he sailed to the sun and planets.--Kircher, _Ecstatic Journey to Heaven._

COSMOS, the personification of "the world" as the enemy of man. Phineas Fletcher calls him "the first son to the Dragon red" (_the devil_). "Mistake," he says, "points all his darts;" or, as the Preacher says, "Vanity, vanity, all is vanity." Fully described in _The Purple Island_, viii (1633). (Greek, _kosmos_, "the world.")

COS'TARD, a clown who apes the court wits of Queen Elizabeth's time. He uses the word "honorificabilitudinitatibus," and some of his blunders are very ridiculous, as "ad dunghill, at the fingers' ends, as they say" (act v. I).--Shakespeare, _Love's Labour's Lost_ (1594).

COSTIGAN, Irish Captain in _Pendennis_, W. M. Thackeray.

COSTIN _(Lord)_, disguised as a beggar, in _The Beggar's Bush_, a drama by Beaumont and Fletcher (1622).

COTE MALE-TAILÉ _(Sir)_, meaning the "knight with the villainous coat," the nickname given by Sir Key (the seneschal of King Arthur) to Sir Brewnor le Noyre, a young knight who wore his father's, coat with all its sword-cuts, to keep him in remembrance of the vengeance due to his father. His first achievement was to kill a lion that "had broken loose from a tower, and came hurling after the queen." He married a damsel called Maledisaunt (3 _syl_.), who loved him, but always chided him. After her marriage she was called Beauvinant.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, ii. 42-50 (1470).

COTTER'S SATURDAY NIGHT; Poem in which Burns depicts the household of a Scottish peasant gathering about the hearth on the last evening of the week for supper, social converse and family worship. The picture of the "Saint, the Father and the Husband" is drawn the poet's own father. COTYT´TO, Groddess of the Edõni of Thrace. Her orgies resembled those of the Thracian Cyb´elê (_3 syl_).

Hail goddess of nocturnal sport,
Dark-veiled Cotytto, to whom the secret flame
Of midnight torches burns.
Milton, _Comus_, 136, etc. (1634.)

COULIN, a British giant pursued by Debon till he came to a chasm 132 feet across which he leaped; but slipping on the opposite side, he fell backwards into the pit and was killed.

And eke that ample pit yet far renowned
For the great leap which Debon did compell
Coulin to make, being eight lugs of grownd,
Into which the returning back he fell.
Spencer, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 10 (1590.)

COUNT OF NARBONNE, a tragedy by Robert Jephson (1782). His father, Count Raymond, having poisoned Alphonso, forged a will barring Godfrey's right, and naming Raymond as successor. Theodore fell in love with Adelaide, the count's daughter, but was reduced to this dilemma: if he married Adelaide he could not challenge the count and obtain the possessions he had a right to as grandson of Alphonso; if, on the other hand, he obtained his rights and killed the count in combat, he could not expect that Adelaide would marry him. At the end the count killed Adelaide, and then himself. This drama is copied from Walpole's _Castle of Otranto_.

COUNT ROBERT OF PARIS, a novel by Sir W. Scott, after the wreck of his fortune and repeated strokes of paralysis (1831). The critic can afford to be indulgent, and those who read this story must remember that the sun of the great wizard was hastening to its set. The time of the novel is the reign of Rufus. COUNTRY (_Father of his_). Cicero was so called by the Roman senate (B.C. 106-43). Julius Cæsar was so called after quelling the insurrection in Spain (B.C. 100-43). Augustus Cæsar was called _Pater atque Princeps_ (B.C. 63, 31-14). Cosmo de Med´ici (1389-1464). Washington, defender and paternal counsellor of the American States (1732-1799). Andrea Dorea is so called on the base of his statue in Gen´oa (1468-1560). Andronlcus Palaeol´ogus II. assumed the title (1260-1332). (See 1 _Chron_. iv. 14).

COUNTRY GIRL (_The_), a comedy by Garrick, altered from Wycherly. The "country girl" is Peggy Thrift, the orphan daughter of Sir Thomas Thrift, and ward of Moody, who brings her up in the country in perfect seclusion. When Moody is 50 and Peggy is 19, he wants to marry her, but she outwits him and marries Bellville, a young man of suitable age and position.

COUNTRY WIFE (_The_), a comedy by William Wycherly (1675).

Pope was proud to receive notice from the
author of _The Country Wife_.--R. Chambers,
_English Literature_, i. 393.

COUPEE, the dancing-master, who says "if it were not for dancing-masters, men might as well walk on their heads as heels." He courts Lucy by promising to teach her dancing.--Fielding, _The Virgin Unmasked._

COUR´TAIN, one of the swords of Ogier the Dane, made by Munifican. His other sword was Sauvagine.

But Ogier gazed upon it [_the sea_] doubtfully
One Moment, and then, sheathing, Courtain, said,
"What tales are these?"
W. Morris, _The Earthly Paradise_ ("August").

COURTALL, a fop and consummate libertine, for ever boasting of his love-conquests over ladies of the _haut monde_. He tries to corrupt Lady Frances Touchwood, but is foiled by Saville.--Mrs. Cowley, _The Belle's Stratagem_ (1780).

COURTLY (_Sir Charles_), a young libertine, who abducted the beautiful wife of Farmer Cornflower.--Dibdin, _The Farmer's Wife_ (1780).

COUSIN COPELAND, a little old bachelor, courtly and quaint, who lives in "Old Gardiston," the home of his ancestors "befo' de wah." He has but one suit of clothes, so he dresses for dinner by donning a ruffled shirt and a flower in his buttonhole. His work is among "documents," his life in the past; without murmur at poverty or change he keeps up the even routine of life until one evening, trying to elevate his gentle little voice as he reads to his niece, so as to be heard above the rain and wind, it fails.

"Four days afterward he died, gentle and
placid to the last. He was an old man, although
no one had ever thought so."--Constance
Fennimore Woolson, _Southern Sketches_, (1880).

COUSIN MICHEL or MICHAEL, the nickname of a German, as John Bull is of an Englishman, Brother Jonathan of an American, Colin Tampon a Swiss, John Chinaman a Chinese, etc.

COUVADE´ (_2 syl._), a man who takes the place of his wife when she is in child-bed. In these cases the man lies a-bed, and the woman does the household duties. The people called "Gold Tooth," in the confines of Burmah, are _couvades_. M. Francisque Michel tells us the custom still exists in Biscay; and Colonel Yule assures us that it is common in Yunnan and among the Miris in Upper Assam. Mr.

Tylor has observed the same custom among the Caribs of the West Indies, the Abipones of Central South America, the aborigines of California, in Guiana, in West Africa, and in the Indian Archipelago. Diodorus speaks of it as existing at one time in Corsica; Strabo says the custom prevailed in the north of Spain; and Apollonius Rhodius that the Tabarenes on the Euxine Sea observed the same:

In the Tabarenian land,
When some good woman bears her lord a babe,
'_Tis he_ is swathed, and groaning put to bed;
While she arising tends his bath and serves
Nice possets for her husband in the straw.
Apollonius Rhodius, _Argonautic Exp_

COV´ERLEY (_Sir Roger de_), a member of an hypothetical club, noted for his modesty, generosity, hospitality, and eccentric whims; most courteous to his neighbors, most affectionate to his family, most amiable to his domestics. Sir Roger, who figures in thirty papers of the _Spectator_, is the very beau-ideal of an amiable country gentleman of Queen Anne's time.

What would Sir Roger de Coverley be without
his follies and his charming little brain-cracks? If
the good knight did not call out to the people
sleeping in church, and say "Amen" with such
delightful pomposity; if he did not mistake Mde.
Doll Tearsheet for a lady of quality in Temple
Garden; if he were wiser than he is ... of
what worth were he to us? We love him for his
vanities as much as for his virtues.--Thackeray.

COWARDS and BULLIES. In Shakespeare we have Parolès and Pistol; in Ben Jonson, Bob´adil; in Beaumont and Fletcher, Bessus and Mons. Lapet, the very prince of cowards; in the French drama, La Capitan, Metamore, and Scaramouch. (See also BASILISCO, CAPTAIN NOLL BLUFF, BOROUGHCLIFF, CAPTAIN BRAZEN, SIR PETRONEL FLASH, SACRIPANT, VINCENT DE LA ROSA, etc.)

COWPER, called "Author of _The Task_," from his principal poem (1731-1800).

COXCOMB (_The Prince of_) Charles Joseph Prince de Ligne (1535-1614).

Richard II. of England (1366, 1377-1400).

Henri III, of France, _Le Mignon_ (1551, 1574-1589).

COXE (_Captain_), one of the masques at Kenilworth.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

COY BISHOP. Best friend and unconscious foil to Avis Dobell in Elizabeth Stuart Phelps' _Story of Avis_. "Her face is as innocent of sarcasm as a mocking bird's;" she "is one of the immortal few who can look pretty in their crimping-pins;" she "has the glibness of most unaccentuated natures;" she admires Avis without comprehending her, and she makes an excellent wife to John Rose, a practical young clergyman. (1877).

CRABSHAW (_Timothy_), the servant of Sir Launcelot Greaves's squire.--Smollett, _Adventures of Sir Launcelot Greaves_ (1760).

CRAB´TREE, in Smollett's novel called _The Adventures of Peregine Pickle_ (1751).

_Crab´tree_, uncle of Sir Harry Bumber, in Sheridan's comedy, _The School for Scandal_ (1777).

_Crab´tree_, a gardener at Fairport.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time George III.).

CRAC (_M. de_), the French Baron Munchausen; hero of a French operetta.

CRACK´ENTHORP (_Father_), a publican.

_Dolly Crackenthorp_, daughter of the publican.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

CRACKIT (_Flash Toby_), one of the villains in the attempted burglary in which Bill Sikes and his associates were concerned.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837.)

CRA'DLEMONT, king of Wales, subdued by Arthur, fighting for Leod'ogran, king of Cam'eliarn (3 _syl_.).--Tennyson, _Coming of Arthur_.

CRADOCK (_Sir_), the only knight who could carve the boar's head which no cuckold could cut; or drink from a bowl which no cuckold could quaff without spilling the liquor. His lady was the only one in King Arthur's court who could wear the mantle of chastity brought thither by a boy during Christmas-tide.--Percy, _Reliques, etc._, III. iii. 18.

CRAIGDAL'LIE (_Adam_), the senior baillie of Perth.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

CRAIG'ENGELT (_Captain_), an adventurer and companion of Bucklaw. Sir W. Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).

CRAIK MAMSELL. A murderer who allows suspicion to fall upon the innocent in Anna Katherine Green's story, _Hand and Ring_ (1883).

CRAMP (_Corporal_), under captain Thornton.--Sir W. Scott, _Bob Roy_ (time, George I.)

CRAN'BOURNE, (_Sir Jasper_), a friend of Sir Geoffrey Peveril--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

CRANE (_Dame Alison_), mistress of the Crane inn, at Marlborough.

_Gaffer Crane_, the dame's husband.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

_Crane (Ichabod)_, a credulous Yankee schoolmaster. He is described as "tall, exceedingly lank, and narrow-shouldered; his arms, legs, and neck unusually long; his hands dangle a mile out of his sleeves; his feet might serve for shovels; and his whole frame is very loosely hung together."

The head of Ichabod Crane was small and
flat at top, with huge ears, large green glassy
eyes, and a long snipe nose, so that it looked
like a weather-cock perched upon his spindle
neck to tell which way the wind blew.--W. Irving,
_Sketch-Book_ ("Legend of Sleepy Hollow.")

CRANES (1 _syl_.). Milton, referring to the wars of the pygmies and the cranes, calls the former

That small infantry
Warred on by cranes.

_Paradise Lost_, i. 575 (1665).

CRANION, queen Mab's charioteer.

Four nimble gnats the horses were,
Their harnesses of gossamere,
Fly Cranion, her charioteer.

M. Dayton, _Nymphidia_ (1563-1631).

CRANK (_Dame_), the papist laundress at Marlborough.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

CRA'PAUD (_Johnnie_), a Frenchman, as John Bull is an Englishman, Cousin Michael a German, Colin Tampon a Swiss, Brother Jonathan a North American, etc. Called Crapaud from the device of the ancient kings of France, "three toads erect saltant." Nostradamus, in the sixteenth century, called the French _crapauds_ in the well-known line:

Les anciens crapauds prendront Sara.

("Sara" is Aras backwards, a city taken from the Spaniards under Louis XIV.) CRATCHIT (_Bob_ or _Robert_), clerk of Ebenezer Scrooge, stock-broker. Though Bob Cratchit has to maintain nine persons on 15s. a week, he has a happier home and spends a merrier Christmas than his master with all his wealth and selfishness.

_Tiny Tim Cratchit_, the little lame son of Bob Cratchit, the Benjamin of the family, the most helpless and most beloved of all. Tim does not die, but Ebenezer Scrooge, after his change of character, makes him his special care.--C. Dickens, _A Christmas Carol_ (in five staves, 1843).

CRAW'FORD (_Lindsay, earl of_), the young earl-marshal of Scotland.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

_Craw'ford (Lord)_, captain of the Scottish guard at Plessis lés Tours, in the pay of Louis XI.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

CRAWLEY (_Sir Pitt_), of Great Gaunt Street, and of Queen's Crawley, Hants. A sharp, miserly, litigious, vulgar, ignorant baronet, very rich, desperately mean, "a philosopher with a taste for low life," and intoxicated every night. Becky Sharp was engaged by him to teach his two daughters. On the death of his second wife, Sir Pitt asked her to become lady Crawley, but Becky had already married his son, Captain Rawdon Crawley. This "aristocrat" spoke of "brass fardens," and was unable to spell the simplest words, as the following specimen will show:--"Sir Pitt Crawley begs Miss Sharp and baggidge may be hear on Tuseday, as I leaf ... to-morrow erly." The whole baronetage, peerage, and commonage of England did not contain a more cunning, mean, foolish, disreputable old rogue than Sir Pitt Crawley. He died at the age of fourscore, "lamented and beloved, regretted and honored," if we can believe his monumental tablet.

_Lady Crawley_. Sir Pitt's first wife was "a confounded quarrelsome, high-bred jade." So he chose for his second wife the daughter of Mr. Dawson, iron-monger, of Mudbury, who gave up her sweetheart, Peter Butt, for the gilded vanity of Crawleyism. This ironmonger's daughter had "pink cheeks and a white skin, but no distinctive character, no opinions, no occupation, no amusements, no vigor of mind, no temper; she was a mere female machine." Being a "blonde, she wore draggled sea-green or slatternly sky-blue dresses," went about slip-shod and in curl-papers all day till dinner-time. She died and left Sir Pitt for the second time a widower, "to-morrow to fresh woods and pastures new."

_Mr. Pitt Crawley_, eldest son of Sir Pitt, and at the death of his father inheritor of the title and estates. Mr. Pitt was a most proper gentleman. He would rather starve than dine without a dress-coat and white neckcloth. The whole house bowed down to him; even Sir Pitt himself threw off his muddy gaiters in his son's presence. Mr. Pitt always addressed his mother-in-law with "most powerful respect," and strongly impressed her with his high aristocratic breeding. At Eton he was called "Miss Crawley." His religious opinions were offensively aggressive and of the "evangelical type." He even built a meeting-house close by his uncle's church. Mr. Pitt Crawley came into the large fortune of his aunt, Miss Crawley, married Lady Jane Sheepshanks, daughter of the Countess of Southdown, became an M.P., grew money-loving and mean, but less and less "evangelical" as he grew great and wealthy.

_Captain Rawdon Crawley_, younger brother of Mr. Pitt Crawley. He was in the Dragoon Guards, a "blood about town," and an adept in boxing, rat-hunting, the fives-court, and four-in-hand driving. He was a young dandy, six feet high, with a great voice, but few brains. He could swear a great deal, but could not spell. He ordered about the servants, who nevertheless adored him; was generous, but did not pay his tradesmen; a Lothario, free and easy. His style of talk was, "Aw, aw; Jave-aw; Grad-aw; it's a confounded fine segaw-aw--confounded as I ever smoked. Gad-aw." This military exquisite was the adopted heir of Miss Crawley, but as he chose to marry Becky Sharp, was set aside for his brother Pitt. For a time Becky enabled him to live in splendor "upon nothing a year," but a great scandal got wind of gross improprieties between Lord Steyne and Becky, so that Rawdon separated from his wife, and was given the governorship of Coventry Isle by Lord Steyne. "His Excellency Colonel Rawdon Crawley died in his island of yellow fever, most deeply beloved and deplored," and his son Rawdon inherited his uncle's title and the family estates.

_The Rev. Bute Crawley_, brother of Sir Pitt. He was a "tall, stately, jolly, shovel-hatted rector." "He pulled stroke-oar in the Christ Church boat, and had thrashed the best bruisers of the town. The Rev. Bute loved boxing-matches, races, hunting, coursing, balls, elections, regattas, and good dinners; had a fine singing voice, and was very popular." His wife wrote his sermons for him.

_Mrs. Bute Crawley_, the rector's wife, was a smart little lady, domestic, politic, but apt to overdo her "policy." She gave her husband full liberty to do as he liked; was prudent and thrifty.--Thackeray, _Vanity Fair_ (1848).

CRAYDOCKE _(Miss)._ Quaint friend of the Ripwinkleys and of everybody else who figures in A.D.T. Whitney's _Real Folks_, and other of her books. "Around her there is always springing up a busy and a spreading crystallizing of shining and blessed elements. The world is none too big for her, or for any such, of course."

CRAY'ON _(Le Sieur de_), one of the officers of Charles "the Bold," Duke of Burgundy.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

_Crayon (Geoffrey), Esq._, Washington Irving, author of _The Sketch-Book_ (1820).

CREA'KLE, a hard, vulgar school-master, to whose charge David Copperfield was entrusted, and where he first made the acquaintance of Steerforth.

The circumstance abont him which impressed
me most was that he had no voice, but spoke in
a whisper.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_, vi.
(1849).

CREAM CHEESE _(Rev.)_, an aesthetic divine whose disciple Mrs. Potiphar is in _The Potiphar Papers_.--George William Curtis (1853).

CREBILLON OF ROMANCE _(The)_, A. François Prévost d'Exiles (1697-1763).

CREDAT JUDAEUS APELLA, NONEGO (Horace, _Sat. I_. v. 100). Of "Apella" nothing whatever is known. In general the name is omitted, and the word "Judaeus" stands for any Jew. "A disbelieving Jew would give credit to the statement sooner than I should."

CRES'SIDA, in Chaucer CRESSEIDE (2 _syl_.), a beautiful, sparkling, and accomplished woman, who has become a by-word for infidelity. She was the daughter of Calchas, a Trojan priest, who took part with the Greeks. Cressida is not a character of classic story, but a mediaeval creation. Pope says her story was the invention of Lollius the Lombard, historiographer of Urbino, in Italy. Cressida betroths herself to Troilus, a son of Priam, and vows eternal fidelity. Troilus gives the maiden a _sleeve_, and she gives her Adonis a _glove_, as a love-knot. Soon after this betrothal an exchange of prisoners is made, when Cressida falls to the lot of Diomed, to whom she very soon yields her love, and even gives him the very sleeve which Troilus had given her as a love-token.