Chapter XVII: Book I: The escape from Troy; Æneas and his son, driven by a tempest (16)

As false
As air, as water, wind, or sandy earth.
Yea, let [_men_] say to stick the heart of falsehood,
"As false as Cressid."

(Shakespeare, _Troilus and Cressida_, act iii. sc. 2)
(1602).

CRESSWELL (_Madame_), a woman of infamous character, who bequeathed £10 for a funeral sermon, in which nothing ill should be said of her. The Duke of Buckinham wrote the sermon, which was as follows:--"All I shall say of her is this: she was born _well_, she married _well_, lived _well_, and died _well_; for she was born at Shad-well, married Cress-well, lived at Clerken-well, and died in Bride-well."

CRESSY MCKINSTRY. Belle of Tuolumne County, California; pretty, saucy and illiterate. She conceives the idea of getting an education, and attends the district school, breaking an engagement of marriage to do this; bewitches the master, a college graduate, and confesses her love for him, but will not be "engaged:"

"I don't know enough to be a wife to you just now and you know it. I couldn't keep a house fit for you and you couldn't keep me without it.... You're only a dandy boy, you know, and they don't get married to backwood Southern girls."

After many scrapes involving perils, shared together, and much love-making, he is stunned one morning to learn that Cressy is married to another man, whom she had feigned not to like.--Bret Harte, _Cressy_ (1889).

CRETE (_Hound of_), a blood-hound.--See _Midsummer Night's Dream_, act iii. sec. 2.

Coupe le gorge, that's the word; I thee defy again,
O hound of Crete!

Shakespeare, _Henry V_. act ii. sc. 1 (1599).

_Crete (The Infamy of)_, the Minotaur.

[_There_] lay stretched
The infamy of Crete, detested brood
Of the feigned heifer.
Dante, _Hell_, xii. (1300, Cary's translation).

CRÈVECOUR (2 _syl_.). The count Philip de Crèvecour is the envoy sent by Charles "the Bold," duke of Burgundy, with a defiance to Louis XI., king of France.

_The Countess of Crèvecour_, wife of the count.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

CRIB (_Tom_), Thomas Moore, author of _Tom Crib's Memorial to Congress_ (1819).

CRILLON. The following story is told of this brave but simple-minded officer. Henry IV., after the battle of Arques, wrote to him thus:

Prends-toi, brave Crillon, nous avons vaincu à Arques, et tu n'y étais pas.

The first and last part of this letter have become proverbial in France.

When Crillon heard the story of the Crucifixion read at Church, he grew so excited that he cried out in an audible voice, _Où étais tu, Crillon_? ("What were you about, Crillon, to permit of such atrocity!")

When Clovis was told of the Crucifixion, he exclaimed, "Had I and my Franks been by, we would have avenged the wrong, I warrant."

CRIMO'RA AND CONNAL. Crimora, daughter of Rinval, was in love with Connal of the race of Fingal, who was defied by Dargo. He begs his "sweeting" to lend him her father's shield, but she says it is ill-fated, for her father fell by the spear of Gormar. Connal went against his foe, and Crimora, disguised in armor, went also, but unknown to him. She saw her lover in fight with Dargo, and discharged an arrow at the foe, but it missed its aim and shot Connal. She ran in agony to his succor. It was too late. He died, Crimora died also, and both were buried in one grave. Ossian, _Carric-Thura._

CRINGLE (_Tom_), Hero of sea-story by Michael Scott, _Tom Cringle's Log_.

CRISPIN (_St._). Crispinos and Crispianus were two brothers, born at Rome, from which place they traveled to Soissons, in France (about A.D. 303), to propagate the gospel, and worked as shoe-makers, that they might not be chargeable to any one. The governor of the town ordered them to be beheaded the very year of their arrival, and they were made the tutelary saints of the "gentle craft." St. Crispin's Day is October 25.

This day is called the feast of Crispian..
And Crispin Crispian shall ne'er go by,
From this day to the ending of the world,
But we in it shall be remembered.

Shakespeare, _Henry V_. act iv. sc. 3 (1599).

CRITIC (_A Bossu_), one who criticizes the "getting up" of a book more than its literary worth; a captious, carping critic. Réne le Bossu was a French critic (1631-1680).

The epic poem your lordship bade me look at,
upon taking the length, breadth, height, and
depth of it, and trying them at home upon an
exact scale of Bossu's, 'tis out, my lord, in every
one of its dimensions. Admirable connoisseur!
--Sterne.

(Probably the scale referred to was that of Bossut the mathematician, and that either Bossu and Bossut have been confounded, or else that a pun is intended).

_Critic (The)_, by R. B. Sheridan, suggested by _The Rehearsal_ (1779).

_The Rehearsal_ is by the Duke of Buckingham (1671).

CRITICS (_The Prince of_), Aristarchos of Byzantium, who compiled, in the second century B.C., the rhapsodies of Homer.

CROAKER, guardian to Miss Richland. Never so happy as when he imagines himself a martyr. He loves a funeral better than a festival, and delights to think that the world is going to rack and ruin. His favorite phrase is "May be not."

A poor, fretful soul, that has a new distress
for every hour of the four and twenty.--Act i. 1.

_Mrs. Croaker_, the very reverse of her grumbling, atrabilious husband. She is mirthful, light-hearted, and cheerful as a lark.

The very reverse of each other. She all laugh
and no joke, he always complaining and never
sorrowful.--Act i. 1.

_Leontine Croaker_, son of Mr. Croaker. Being sent to Paris to fetch his sister, he falls in love with Olivia Woodville, whom he brings home instead, introduces her to Croaker as his daughter, and ultimately marries her.--Goldsmith, _The Good Natured Man_ (1768).

CROCODILE (_King_). The people of Isna, in Upper Egypt, affirm that there is a king crocodile as there is a queen bee. The king crocodile has ears but no tail, and has no power of doing harm. Southey says that though the king crocodile has no tail, he has teeth to devour his people with.--Browne, _Travels_.

_Crocodile (Lady Kitty)_, meant for the Duchess of Kingston.--Sam. Foote, _A Trip to Calais_.

CROCUS, a young man enamoured of the nymph Smilax, who did not return his love. The gods changed him into the crocus flower, to signify _unrequited love_.

CROESUS, king of Lydia, deceived by an oracle, was conquered by Cyrus, king of Persia. Cyrus commanded a huge funeral pile to be erected upon which Croesus and fourteen Lydian youths were to be chained and burnt alive. When this was done, the discrowned king called on the name of Solon, and Cyrus asked why he did so. "Because he told me to call no one happy till death." Cyrus, struck with the remark, ordered the fire of the pile to be put out, but this could not be done. Croesus then called on Apollo, who sent a shower which extinguished the flames, and he with his Lydians came from the pile unharmed.

The resemblance of this legend to the Bible account of the Jewish youths condemned by Nebuchadnezzar to be cast into the fiery furnace, from which they came forth uninjured, will recur to the reader.--_Daniel_, iii. _Croesus's Dream_. Croesus dreamt that his son, Atys, would be slain by an iron instrument, and used every precaution to prevent it, but to no purpose; for one day Atys went to chase the wild boar, and Adrastus, his friend, threw a dart at the boar to rescue Atys from danger; the dart, however, struck the prince and killed him. The tale is told by William Morris in his _Earthly Paradise_ ("July").

CROFTANGRY (_Mr. Chrystal_), a gentleman fallen to decay, cousin of Mrs. Martha Bethune Baliol, to whom at death, he left the MS. of two novels, one _The Highland Widow_, and the other _The Fair Maid of Perth_, called the _First_ and _Second Series_ of the "Chronicles of Canongate" (_q. v._). The history of Mr. Chrystal Croftangry is given in the introductory chapters of _The Highland Widow_, and continued in the introduction of the _The Fair Maid of Perth_.

Lockhart tells us that Mr. Croftangry is meant for Sir Walter Scott's father and that "the fretful patient at the death-bed" is a living picture.

CROFTS _(Master)_, the person killed in a duel by Sir Geofrey Hudson, the famous dwarf.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

CROKER'S MARE. In the proverb _As coy as Croker's Mare_. This means "as chary as a mare that carries crockery."

She was to them as koy as a croker's Mare.

J. Heywood, _Dialogue_ ii. 1 (1566).

CROKERS. Potatoes are so called because they were first planted in Croker's field, at Youghal, in Ireland.--J. R. Planche, _Recollections, etc_. ii. 119.

CROM'WELL _(Oliver)_, introduced by Sir W. Scott in _Woodstock_. _Cromwell's daughter Elizabeth_, who married John Claypole. Seeing her father greatly agitated by a portrait of Charles I., she gently and lovingly led him away out of the room.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

_Cromwell_ is called by the Preacher Burroughs "the archangel who did battle with the devil."

_Cromwell's Lucky Day_. The 3rd September was considered by Oliver Cromwell to be his red-letter day. On the 3rd September, 1650, he won the battle of Dunbar; on 3rd September, 1651, he won the battle of Worcester; and on 3rd September, 1658, he died. It is not, however, true that he was born on 3rd September, as many affirm, for his birthday was 25th April, 1599.

_Cromwell's Dead Body Insulted_. Cromwell's dead body was, by the sanction, if not by the express order of Charles II., taken from its grave, exposed on a gibbet, and finally buried under the gallows.

Similarly, the tomb of Am'asis, king of Egypt, was broken open by Camby'ses; the body was then scourged and insulted in various ways, and finally burnt, which was abhorrent to the Egyptians, who used every possible method to preserve dead bodies in their integrity.

The dead body of Admiral Coligny [_Co.leen.ye_] was similarly insulted by Charles IX., Catherine de Medicis, and all the court of France, who spattered blood and dirt on the half-burnt blackened mass. The king had the bad taste to say over it:

Fragrance sweeter than a rose
Rises from our slaughtered foes.

It will be remembered that Coligny was the guest of Charles, his only crime being that he was a Huguenot.

CROOK-FINGERED JACK, one of Macheath's gang of thieves. In eighteen months' service he brought to the general stock four fine gold watches and seven silver ones, sixteen snuff-boxes (five of which were gold), six dozen handkerchiefs, four silver-hilted swords, six shirts, three periwigs, and a "piece" of broadcloth. Pea'chum calls him "a mighty cleanhanded fellow," and adds:

"Considering these are only the fruits of his leisure hours, I don't know a prettier fellow, for no man alive hath a more engaging presence of mind upon the road."--Gay, _The Beggar's Opera_. I. 1 (1727).

CROP _(George)_, an honest, hearty farmer, who has married a second wife, named Dorothy, between whom there are endless quarrels. Two especially are noteworthy. Crop tells his wife he hopes that better times are coming, and when the law-suit is over "we will have roast pork for dinner every Sunday." The wife replies, "It shall be lamb." "But I say it shall be pork." "I hate pork, I'll have lamb." "Pork, I tell you." "I say lamb." "It shan't be lamb, I will have pork." The other quarrel arises from Crop's having left the door open, which he asks his wife civilly to shut. She refuses, he commands; she turns obstinate, he turns angry; at length they agree that the person who first speaks shall shut the door. Dorothy speaks first, and Crop gains the victory.--P. Hoare, _No Song, no Supper_ (1754-1834).

CROPLAND (_Sir Charles_), an extravagant, heartless libertine and man of fashion, who hates the country except for hunting, and looks on his estates and tenants only as the means of supplying money for his personal indulgence. Knowing that Emily Worthington is the daughter of a "poor gentleman," he offers her "a house in town, the run of his estate in the country, a chariot, two footmen, and £600 a year;" but the lieutenant's daughter rejects with scorn such "splendid infamy." At the end Sir Charles is made to see his own baseness, and offers the most ample apologies to all whom he has offended.--G. Colman, _The Poor Gentleman_ (1802).

CROQUEMITAINE [_Croak.mit.tain_], the bogie raised by fear. Somewhere near Saragossa was a terrible castle called Fear Fortress, which appeared quite impregnable; but as the bold approached it, the difficulties of access gradually gave way and even the fortress itself vanished into thin air.

_Croquemitaine_ is a romance in three parts; the first part is a tournament between the knights of Marsillus, a Moorish king, and the paladins of Charlemagne; the second part is the siege of Saragossa by Charlemagne; and the third part is the allegory of Fear Fortress. Mitaine is the godchild of Charlemagne, who goes in search of Fear Fortress.

CROQUIS (_Alfred_), Daniel Maclise, R.A. This pseudonym was attached to a series of character-portraits in _Frazer's Magazine_ between the years 1830 and 1838. Maclise was born 1811, and died 1870.

CROS'BIE (_William_), provost of Dumfries, a friend of Mr. Fairford the lawyer.

_Mrs. Crosbie_, wife of the provost, and a cousin of Eedgauntlet.--Sir W. Scott. _Redgauntlet_, (time, George III.).

CROSBITE (2 _syl_.), a barrister.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time George III.).

CROSS PURPOSES, a farce by O'Brien. There are three brothers named Bevil--Francis, an M.P., Harry, a lawyer, and George, in the Guards. They all, unknown to each other, wish to marry Emily Grub, the handsome daughter of a rich stockbroker. Francis pays court to the father, and obtains his consent; Harry to the mother, and obtains her consent; and George to the daughter, whose consent he obtains, and the two elder brothers retire from the field. The fun of the farce is the contention of the Grubs about a suitable husband, their joy at finding they have all selected Mr. Bevil, and their amazement at discovering that there are three of the same name.

CROSS'MYLOOF, a lawyer.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).

CROTHAR, "Lord of Atha," in Connaught (then called Alnec'ma). He was the first and most powerful chief of the Fir-bolg ("bowmen") or Belgæ from Britain who colonized the _southern_ parts of Ireland. Crothar carried off Conla'ma, daughter of Cathmin, a chief of the Cael or Caledonians, who had colonized the _northern_ parts of Ireland and held their court in Ulster. As Conlama was betrothed to Turloch, a Cael, he made an irruption into Connaught, slew Cormul, but was himself slain by Crothar, Cormul's brother. The feud now became general, "Blood poured on blood, and Erin's clouds were hung with ghosts." The Cael being reduced to the last extremity, Trathel (the grandfather of Fingal) sent Conar (son of Trenmor) to their relief. Conar, on his arrival in Ulster, was chosen king, and the Fir-bolg being subdued, he called himself "the King of Ireland."--Ossian, _Temora_, ii.

_Crothar_, vassal king of Croma (in Ireland), held under Artho, over-lord of all Ireland. Crothar, being blind with age, was attacked by Rothmar, chief of Tromlo, who resolved to annex Croma to his own dominion. Crotha sent to Fingal for aid, and Fingal sent his son Ossian with an army; but before he could arrive Fovar-Gormo, a son of Crothar, attacked the invader, but was defeated and slain. When Ossian reached Ulster, he attacked the victorious Rothmar and both routed the army and slew the chief.--Ossian, _Croma_.

CROTO'NA'S SAGE, Pythagoras, so called because his first and chief school of philosophy was established at Crotna (fl. B.C. 540.)

CROWDE'RO, one of the rabble leaders encountered by Hudibras at a bear-baiting. The academy figure of this character was Jackson or Jephson, a milliner in the New Exchange, Strand, London. He lost a leg in the service of the roundheads, and was reduced to the necessity of earning a living by playing on the _crowd_ or _crouth_ from ale-house to ale-house.--S. Butler, _Hudibras_, i. 2 (1664).

(The _crouth_ was a long box-shaped instrument, with six or more strings, supported by a bridge. It was played with a bow. The last noted performer on this instrument was John Morgan, a Welshman, who died 1720).

CROWE _(Captain)_, the attendant of Sir Launcelot Greaves (1 _syl_.), in his peregrinations to reform society. Sir Launcelot is a modern Don Quixote, and Captain Crowe is his Sancho Panza.

CROWFIELD _(Christopher)_, a pseudonym of Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1814-).

CROWN. Godfrey, when made the overlord of Jerusalem, or "Baron of the Holy Sepulchre," refused to wear a crown of gold where his Saviour had only worn a crown of thorns.

Canute, after the rebuke he gave to his flatterers, refused to wear thenceforth any symbol of royalty at all.

Canute (truth worthy to be known)
From that time forth did for his brows disown
The ostentatious symbol of a crown,
Esteeming earthly royalty
Presumptuous and vain.

CROWNED AFTER DEATH. Inez de Castro was exhumed six years after her assassination, and crowned queen of Portugal by her husband, Don Pedro. (See INEZ DE CASTRO.)

CROWQUILL _(Alfred)_, Alfred Henry Forrester, author of _Leaves from my Memorandum-Book_ (1859), one of the artists of _Punch_ (1805-1872).

CROYE _(Isabelle, countess of)_, a ward of Charles "the Bold," duke of Burgundy. She first appears at the turret window in Plessis lés Tours, disguised as Jacqueline; and her marriage with Quentin Durward concludes the novel.

_The Countess Hameline of Croye_, aunt to Countess Isabelle. First disguised as Dame Perotte (2 _syl_.) at Plessis lés Tours; afterwards married to William de la Marck.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV).

_Croye (Monseigneur de la_), an officer of Charles "the Bold," duke of Burgundy.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

CROYSA'DO _The Great_, General Lord Fairfax (1611-1671).--S. Butler, _Hudibras_.

CRUDOR _(Sir)_, the knight who told Bria'na he would not marry her till she brought him enough hair, consisting of ladies' locks and the beards of knights to purfle his cloak with. In order to obtain this love-gift, the lady established a toll, by which every lady who passed her castle had to give the hair of her head, and every knight his beard, as "passing pay," or else fight for their lives. Sir Crudor being overthrown by Sir Calidore, Briana was compelled to abolish this toll.--Spencer, _Faëry Queen_, v. 1. (1596).

CRUEL _(The)_, Pedro, king of Castle (1334, 1350-1369).

CRUIK'SHANKS _(Ebenezer)_, landlord of the Golden Candlestick inn. Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

CRUM'MLES _(Mr. Vincent_), the eccentric but kind-hearted manager of the Portsmouth Theatre.

It was necessary that the writer should, like
Mr. Crummles, dramatist, construct his piece in
the interest of "the pump and washing-tubs."--
P. Fitzgerald.

_Mrs. Crummles_, wife of Mr. Vincent Crummles, a stout, ponderous, tragedy-queen sort of a lady. She walks or rather stalks like Lady Macbeth, and always speaks theatrically. Like her husband, she is full of kindness, and always willing to help the needy.

_Miss Ninetta Crummles_, daughter of the manager, and called in the play-bills "the infant phenomenon."--C Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838).

CRUNCHER (_Jerry_), an odd-job man in Tellson's bank. His wife was continually saying her prayers, which Jerry termed "flopping." He was a "resurrection man."--C. Dickens, _A Tale of Two Cities_ (1859).

CRUPP _(Mrs.)_, a typical humbug, who let chambers in Buckingham Street for young gentlemen. David Copperfield lodged with her.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849).

CRUSHED BY ORNAMENTS. Tarpeia, daughter of the governer of the Roman citadel on the Saturnian Hill, was tempted by the gold on the Sabine bracelets and collars to open a gate of the fortress to the besiegers on condition that they would give her the ornaments which they wore on their arms. Tarpeia opened the gate, and the Sabines as they passed threw on her their shields, saying, "These are the ornaments worn by the Sabines on their arms," and the maid was crushed to death. G. Gilfillan, alluding to Longfellow, has this erroneous allusion:

His ornaments, unlike those of the Sabine
_[sic]_ maid, have not crushed him.--_Introductory
Essay to Longfellow_.

CRUSOE _(Robinson)_, the hero and title of a novel by Daniel Defoe. Robinson Crusoe is a shipwrecked sailor, who leads a solitary life for many years on a desert island, and relieves the tedium of life by ingenious contrivances (1719).

(The story is based on the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, a Scotch sailor, who in 1704 was left by Captain Stradding on the uninhabited island of Juan Fernandez. Here he remained for four years and four months, when he was rescued by Captain Woods Rogers and brought to England.)

Was there ever anything written by mere
man that the reader wished longer except _Robinson
Crusoe, Don Quixote_ and _The Pilgrim's Progress!_--Dr.
Johnson.

CRUTH-LODA, the war-god of the ancient Gaels.

On thy top, U-thormo, dwells the misty Loda:
the house of the spirits of men. In the end of
his cloudy hall bends forward Cruth-Loda of
swords. His form is dimly seen amid the wavy
mists, his right hand is on his shield.--Ossian,
_Cath-Loda._

CUCKOLD KING _(The)_, Sir Mark of Cornwell, whose wife Ysolde [_E. seld_] intrigued with Sir Tristram (his nephew), one of the knights of the Round Table.

CUD'DIE or CUTHBERT HEADRIGG, a ploughman, in the service of Lady Bellenden of the Tower of Tillietudlem.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

CUDDY, a herdsman, in Spenser's _Shephearde's Calendar._

_Cuddy_, a shepherd, who boasts that the charms of his Buxo'ma far exceed those of Blouzelinda. Lobbin, who is Blouzelinda's swain, repels the boast, and the two shepherds agree to sing the praises of their respective shepherdesses, and to make Clod'dipole arbiter of their contention. Cloddipole listens to their alternate verses, pronounces that "both merit an oaken staff," but, says he, "the herds are weary of the songs, and so am I."--Gay, _Pastoral_, i. (1714).

(This eclogue is in imitation of Virgil's _Ecl_. iii.)

CULDEES _(i.e. sequestered persons_), the primitive clergy of presbyterian character, established in Io'na or Icolmkill _[I-columb-kill]_ by St. Columb and twelve of his followers in 563. They also founded similar church establishments at Abernethy, Dunkeld, Kirkcaldy _[Kirk-Culdee]_, etc., and at Lindesfarne, in England. Some say as many as 300 churches were founded by them. Augustine, a bishop of Waterford, began against them in 1176 a war of extermination, when those who could escape sought refuge in Iona, the original cradle of the sect, and were not driven thence till 1203.

Peace to their shades! the pure Culdees
Were Albyn's _[Scotland's]_ earliest priests of God,
Ere yet an island of her seas
By foot of Saxon monk was trod.

Campbell, _Reullura_.

CULLOCH _(Sawney)_ a pedlar.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George III.).

CULPRIT FAY, a sprite condemned for loving a mortal maiden to catch the spray-gem from the sturgeon's "silver bow," and light his torch with a falling star.--Joseph Rodman Drake, _The Culprit Fay_ (1847).

CUMBERLAND (_John of_). "The devil and John of Cumberland" is a blunder for "The devil and John-a-Cumber." John-a-Cumber was a famous Scotch magician.

He poste to Scotland for brave John-a-Cumber,
The only man renowned for magick skill.
Oft have I heard he once beguylde the devill.
A. Munday, _John-a-Kent and John-a-Cumber_
(1595).

_Cumberland (William Augustus, duke of_), commander-in-chief of the army of George II., whose son he was. The duke was especially celebrated for his victory of Cullo'den (1746); but he was called "The Butcher" from the great severity with which he stamped out the clan system of the Scottish Highlanders. He was wounded in the leg at the battle of Dettingen (1743). Sir W. Scott has introduced him in _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

Proud Cumberland prances, insulting the slain,
And their hoof-beaten bosoms are trod to the plan.
Campbell, _Lochiel's Warning_.

CUMBERLAND POET (_The_), William

Wordsworth, born at Cockermouth (1770-1850).

CUMNOR HALL, a ballad by Mickel, the lament of Amy Robsart, who had been won and thrown away by the Earl of Leicester. She says if roses and lilies grow in courts, why did he pluck the primrose of the field, which some country swain might have won and valued! Thus sore and sad the lady grieved in Cumnor Hall, and ere dawn the death bell rang, and never more was that countess seen.

Sir W. Scott took this for the groundwork of his _Kenihvorth_, which he called _Cumnor Hall_, but Constable, his publisher, induced him to change the name.

CUNÉGONDE _[Ku'.na.gond]_, the mistress of Candide (2 _syl_.). in Voltaire's novel called _Candide_. Sterne spells it "Cunëgund."

CUN'NINGHAM _(Archie)_, one of the archers of the Scotch guards at Plessis lés Tours, in the pay of Louis XI.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

CU'NO, the ranger, father of Agatha.--Weber, _Der Freischütz_ (1822).

CUNO'BELINE, a king of the Silurês, son of Tasciov'anus and father of Caractacus. Coins still exist bearing the name of "Cunobeline," and the word "Camalodunum" _[Colchester]_, the capital of his kingdom. The Roman general between A.D. 43 and 47 was Aulus Plautius, but in 47 Ostorius Scapula took Caractacus prisoner.

Some think Cunobeline is Shakespeare's "Cymbeline," who reigned from B.C. 8 to A.D. 27; but Cymbeline's father was Tenantius or Tenuantius, his sons Guide'rius Arvir'agus, and the Roman general was Caius Lucius.

... the courageous sons of our Cunobelin
Sank under Plautius' sword.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).

CUNSTANCE or CONSTANCE (See CUSTANCE).

CUPID AND PSYCHE [_Si.ky_] an episode in _The Golden Ass_ of Apuleius. The allegory represents Cupid in love with Psychê. He visited her every evening, and left at sunrise, but strictly enjoined her not to attempt to discover who he was. One night curiosity overcame her prudence, and going to look upon her lover a drop of hot oil fell on his shoulder, awoke him, and he fled. Psychê now wandered in search of the lost one, but was persecuted by Venus with relentless cruelty. Having suffered almost to the death, Cupid at length married her, and she became immortal. Mrs. Tighe has a poem on the subject. Wm. Morris has poetized the same in his _Earthly Paradise_ ("May"); Lafontaine has a poem called _Psyché_, in imitation of the episode of Apuleius; and Molière has dramatized the subject.

CU'PIDON (_Jean_). Count d'Orsay was so called by Lord Byron (1798-1852). The count's father was styled _Le Beau d' Orsay._

CUR'AN, a courtier in Shakespeare's tragedy of _King Lear_ (1605).

CURÉ DE MEUDON, Rabelais, who was first a monk, then a leech, then prebendary of St. Maur, and lastly curé of Meudon (1483-1553).

CU'RIO, a gentleman attending on the Duke of Illyria.--Shakespeare, _Twelfth Night_ (1614).

_Curio_. So Akenside calls Mr. Pulteney, and styles him "the betrayer of his country," alluding to the great statesman's change of politics. Curio was a young Roman senator, at one time the avowed enemy of Cæsar, but subsequently of Cæsar's party, and one of the victims of the civil war.

Is this the man in freedom's cause approved.
The man so great, so honored, so beloved ...
This Curio, hated now and scorned by all,
Who fell himself to work his country's fall?
Akenside, _Epistle to Curio_.

CURIOUS IMPERTINENT (_The_), a tale introduced by Cervantês in his _Don Quixote_. The "impertinent" is an Italian gentleman who is silly enough to make trial of his wife's fidelity by persuading a friend to storm it if he can. Of course his friend "takes the fort," and the fool is left to bewail his own folly.--Pt. I. iv. 5 (1605).

CURRER BELL, the _nom de plume_ of Charlotte Brontê, author of _Jane Eyre_ [_Air_] (1816-1855).

CURTA'NA, the sword of Edward the Con'fessor, which had no point, and was therefore the emblem of mercy. Till the reign of Henry III., the royal sword of England was so called.

But when Curtana will not do the deed,
You lay the pointless clergy-weapon by,
And to the laws, your sword of justice, fly.
Dryden, _The Hind and the Panther_, ii. (1687).

CURTA'NA or COURTAIN, the sword of Ogier the Dane.

He [_Ogier_] drew Courtain his sword out of its
sheath.
W. Morris, _Earthly Paradise_, (634).

CURT-HOSE (2 _syl_.). Robert II. duc de Normandie (1087-1134).

CURT-MANTLE, Henry II. of England

(1133, 1154-1189). So called because he wore the Anjou mantle, which was shorter than the robe worn by his predecessors.

CURTIS, one of Petruchio's servants.--Shakespeare, _Taming of the Shrew_ (1594).

PARSON CUSHING, pastor of the Orthodox Church in Poganuc. In fits of learned abstraction, he fed the dog surreptitiously under the table, thereby encouraging his boys to trust his heart rather than his tongue. He justifies the expulsion of the Indian tribes by Scripture texts, and gathers eggs in the hay-mow with Dolly; upholds the doctrines of his denomination and would seal his faith with his blood, but admits that "the Thirty-nine articles (with some few exceptions) are a very excellent statement of truth." He is Catholic without suspecting it.--Harriet Beecher Stowe, _Poganuc People_, (1878).

CUSTANCE, daughter of the Emperor of Rome, affianced to the Sultan of Syria, who abjured his faith and consented to be baptized in order to marry her. His mother hated this apostasy, and at the wedding breakfast slew all the apostates except the bride. Her she embarked in a ship, which was set adrift and in due time reached the British shores, where Custance was rescued by the Lord-constable of Northumberland, who took her home, and placed her under the care of his wife Hermegild. Custance converted both the constable and his wife. A young knight wished to marry her, but she declined his suit, whereupon he murdered Hermegild, and then laid the bloody knife beside Custance, to make her suspected of the crime. King Alia examined the case, and soon discovered the real facts, whereupon the knight was executed, and the king married Custance.

The queen-mother highly disapproved of the match, and during the absence of her son in Scotland embarked Custance and her infant boy in a ship, which was turned adrift. After floating about for five years, it was taken in tow by a Roman fleet on its return from Syria, and Custance with her son Maurice became the guests of a Eoman Senator. It so happened that Alla at this same time was at Rome on a pilgrimage, and encountered his wife, who returned with him to Northumberland and lived in peace and happiness the rest of her life.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ ("The Man of Law's Tale," 1388).

_Custance_, a gay and rich widow, whom Ralph Roister Doister wishes to marry, but he is wholly baffled in his scheme.--Nicholas TJdall, _Ralph Roister Doister_ (first English comedy, 1534).

CUTE _(Alderman)_, a "practical philosopher," resolved to put down everything. In his opinion "everything must be put down." Starvation must be put down, and so must suicide, sick mothers, babies, and poverty.--C. Dickens, _The Chimes_ (1844).

CUTHAL, same as Uthal, one of the Orkneys.

CUTHBERT _(St.)_, a Scotch monk of the sixth century.

CUTHBERT BEDE, the Rev. Edw. Bradley, author of _Verdant Green_ (1857.)

CUTHO'NA, daughter of Rumar, was betrothed to Conlath, youngest son of Morni, of Mora. Not long before the espousals were to be celebrated, Toscar came from Ireland, and was hospitably entertained by Morni. On the fourth day, he saw Cuthona out hunting, and carried her off by force. Being pursued by Conlath, a fight ensued, in which both the young men fell, and Cuthona, after languishing for three days, died also.--Ossian, _Conlath and Cuthona_.

CUTHULLIN, son of Semo, commander of the Irish army, and regent during the minority of Cormac. His wife was Brag'elo, daughter of Sorglan. In the poem called _Fingal_, Cuthullin was defeated by Swaran, king of Lochlin _[Scandinavia]_, and being ashamed to meet Fingal, retired from the field gloomy and sad. Fingal having utterly defeated Swaran, invited Cuthullin to the banquet, and partially restored his depressed spirits. In the third year of Cormac's reign, Torlah, son of Can'tela, rebelled. Cuthullin gained a complete victory over him at the lake Lego, but was mortally wounded in the pursuit by a random arrow. Cuthullin was succeeded by Nathos, but the young king was soon dethroned by the rebel Cairbre, and murdered.--Ossian, _Fingal_ and _The Death of Cuthullin_.

CUTLER _(Sir John)_, a royalist, who died 1699, reduced to the utmost poverty.

Cutler saw tenants break, and houses fall. For very want he could not build a wall. His only daughter in a stranger's power, for very want he could not pay a dower. A few gray hairs his reverend temples crowned, 'Twas very want that sold them for two pound....

Cutler and Brutus, dying, both exclaim, "Virtue and wealth, what are ye but a name?" Pope, _Moral Essays_, iii. (1709).

CUTPURSE (_Moil_), Mary Frith, the heroine of Middleton's comedy called _The Roaring Girl_ (1611). She was a woman of masculine vigor, who not unfrequently assumed man's attire. This notorious cut-purse once attacked General Fairfax on Hounslow Heath, but was arrested and sent to Newgate; she escaped, however, by bribing the turnkey, and died of dropsy at the age of 75. Nathaniel Field introduces her in his drama called _Amends for Ladies_ (1618).

CUTSHAMAQUIN, an Indian Sachem, whose disobedient and rebellious son was "dealt with" publicly by John Eliot. At the second summons and serious admonition, the lad repented and confessed humbly, "and entreated his father to forgive him, and took him by the hand, at which his father burst forth into great weeping."--John Eliot, _The Clear Sunshine of the Gospel Breaking Forth Upon the Indians_ (1648).

CUTTLE (_Captain Edward_), a great friend of Solomon Gills, ship's instrument maker. Captain Cuttle had been a skipper, had a hook instead of a right hand, and always wore a very hard, glazed hat. He was in the habit of quoting, and desiring those to whom he spoke "to overhaul the catechism till they found it;" but, he added, "when found, make a note on." The kind-hearted seaman was very fond of Florence Dombey, and of Walter Gay, whom he called "Wal'r." When Florence left her father's roof, Captain Cuttle sheltered her at the Wooden Midshipman. One of his favorite sentiments was "May we never want a friend, or a bottle to give him."--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).

("When found, make a note of," is the motto of _Notes and Queries_.)

CYC'LADES (3 _syl_.), some twenty islands, so called from the classic legend that they _circled round_ Delos when that island was rendered stationary by the birth of Diana and Apollo.

CYCLIC POETS, a series of epic poets, who wrote continuations or additions to Homer's _Iliad_ and _Odyssey_; they were called "Cyclic" because they confined themselves to the _cycle_ of the Trojan war.

AG'IAS wrote an epic on "the return of the Greeks from Troy" (B.C. 740).

ARCTI'NOS wrote a continuation of the _Iliad_, describing the taking of Troy by the "Wooden Horse," and its conflagration. Virgil has copied from this poet (B.C. 776).

EU'GAMON wrote a continuation of the _Odyssey_. It contains the adventures of Telegonos in search of his father Ulysses. When he reached Ith'aca, Ulysses and Telemachos went against him, and Telegonos killed Ulysses with a spear which his mother Circe had given him (B.C. 568).

LES'CHES, author of the _Little Iliad_, in four books, containing the fate of Ajax, the exploits of Philoctetes, Neoptol'emos, and Ulysses, and the final capture of Troy (B.C. 708).

STASI'NOS, "son-in-law" of Homer. He wrote an introduction to the _Iliad_.

CYCLOPS. Their names are Brontes, Steropes, and Arges. (See SINDBAD, voy. 3).

_Cyclops (The Holy)_. So Dryden in the _Masque of Albion and Albanius_, calls Richard Rumbold, an Englishman, the chief conspirator in the "Ryehouse Plot." He had lost one eye, and was executed.

CYDIP'PE (3 _syl_), a lady courted by Acontius of Cea, but being unable to obtain her, he wrote on an apple, "I swear by Diana that Acontius shall be my husband." This apple was presented to the maiden, and being persuaded that she had written the words, though inadvertently, she consented to marry Acontius for "the oath's sake."

Cydippe by a letter was betrayed,
Writ on an apple to th' unwary maid
Ovid, _Art of Love_, 1.

CYL'LAROS, the horse of Pollux according to Virgil (_Georg_. iii. 90), but of Castor according to Ovid _(Metam._ xii. 408). It was coal-black, with white legs and tail.

CYLLE'NIUS, Mercury; so called from Mount Cylenê, in Arcadia, where he was born.

CYM'BELINE (3 _syl_.), mythical king of Britain for thirty-five years. He began to reign in the nineteenth year of Augustus Cæsar. His father was Tenantius, who refused to pay the tribute to the Romans exacted of Cassibelan after his defeat by Julius Cæsar. Cymbeline married twice. By his first wife he had a daughter named Imogen, who married Posthumus Leonatus. His second wife had a son named Cloten by a former husband.--Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ (1605).

CYMOCHLES _[Si. mok'.leez]_, brother of Pyroch'lês, son of Aeratês, husband of Acras'ia the enchantress. He sets out against Sir Guyon, but being ferried over Idle Lake, abandons himself to self-indulgence, and is slain by King Arthur (canto 8).--Spencer, _Faery Queen_, ii. 5, etc. (1590).

CYMOD'OCE (4 _syl_.). The mother of Mar'inel is so called in bk. iv. 12 of the _Faery Queen_, but in bk. iii. 4 she is spoken of as Cymo'ent "daughter of Nereus" (2_syl_.) by an earth-born father, "the famous Dumarin."

CYMOENT. (See CYMODOCE.)

CYM'RY, the Welsh.

The Welsh always called themselves "Cym-ry", the literal meaning of which is "aborigines." ... It is the same word as "Cimbri." ... They call their language "Cymraeg," _i.e_, "the primitive tongue."--E. Williams.

CYNGÆI'ROS, brother of the poet Æschylos. When the Persians, after the battle of Marathon, were pushing off from shore, Cyngæiros seized one of their ships with his right hand, which being lopped off, he grasped it with his left hand; this being cut off, he seized it with his teeth, and lost his life.

ADMIEAL BENBOW, in an engagement with the French, near St. Martha, in 1701, had his legs and thighs shivered into splinters by chain-shot; but (supported on a wooden frame) he remained on deck till Du Casse sheered off.

ALMEYDA, the Portuguese Governor of India, had his legs and thighs shattered in a similar way, and caused himself to be bound to the ship's mast, that he might wave his sword to cheer on the combatants.

JAAFER, at the battle of Muta, carried the sacred banner of the prophet. One hand being lopped off, he held it with the other; this also being cut off, he held it with his two stumps, and when at last his head was cut off, he contrived to fall dead on the banner, which was thus detained till Abdallah had time to rescue it and hand it to Khaled.

CYNE'THA(3 _syl._), eldest son of Cadwallon (king of North Wales). He was an orphan, brought up by his uncle Owen. During his minority, Owen and Cynetha loved each other dearly; but when the orphan came of age and claimed his inheritance, his uncle burnt his eyes out by exposing them to plates of hot brass. Cynetha and his son Cadwallon accompanied Madoc to North America, where the blind old man died while Madoc was in Wales preparing for his second voyage.--Southey, _Madoc_, i. 3 (1805).

Cadwallonis erat primaevus jure Cynëtha:
Proh pudor! hunc oculis patruus privavit Oenus.
_The Pentarchia_.

CYNIC TUB (_The_), Diog'enês, the Cynic philosopher lived in a tub, and it is to this fact that illusion is made in the line:

[_They_] fetch their doctrines from the Cynic tub.
Milton, _Comus_, 708 (1634).

CY'NOSURE (3 _syl_.), the pole-star. The word means "the dog's tail," and is used to signify a guiding genius, or the observed of all observers. Cynosu'ra was an Idaean nymph, one of the nurses of Zeus (1 _syl_.).

CYN'THIA, the moon or Diana, who was born on Mount Cynthus, in Dêlos. Apollo is called "Cynthius."

... watching, in the night,
Beneath pale Cynthia's melancholy light.
Falconer, _The Shipwreck_, iii. 2 (1756).

_Cyn'thia._ So Spenser, in _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_, calls Queen Elizabeth, "whose angel's eye" was his life's sole bliss, his heart's eternal treasure. Ph. Fletcher, in _The Purple Island_, iii., also calls Queen Elizabeth "Cynthia."

Her words were like a stream of honey fleeting..
Her deeds were like great clusters of ripe grapes...
Her looks were like beams of the morning sun
Forth looking thro' the windows of the east...
Her thoughts were like the fumes of frankincense
Which from a golden censer forth doth rise.
Spenser, _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1591).

_Cyn'thia_, daughter of Sir Paul Pliant, and daughter-in-law of Lady Pliant. She is in love with Melle'font (2 _syl_.). Sir Paul calls her "Thy"--W. Congreve, _The Double Dealer_ (1694).

CYN'THIA WARE. Auburn-haired girl living upon Lost Creek in Tennessee, in love with Evander Price, a young blacksmith. When he is sent to the penitentiary upon a false accusation, she labors unceasingly for a year to obtain his pardon. A year after it is granted, she learns that he is doing well in another State and has forgotten her. In time, he returns, married and prosperous, and calls upon his old friends upon Lost Creek.

"His recollections were all vague, although at
some reminiscence of hers he laughed jovially,
and ''lowed that in them days, Cinthy, you
an' me had a right smart notion of keepin' company
tergether.' He did not notice how pale
she was, and that there was often a slight spasmodic
contraction of her features. She was
busy with her spinning-wheel, as she placidly
replied: 'Yes,--'though I always 'lowed ez I
counted on livin' single.'"--Charles Egbert Craddock,
_In the Tennessee Mountains_ (1885).

CYP'RIAN _(A)_, a woman of loose morals; so called from the island Cyprus, a chief seat of the worship of Venus or Cyp'ria.

_Cyp'rian (Brother)_, a Dominican monk at the monastery of Holyrood.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

CYRENA'IC SHELL _(The)_, the lyre or strain of Callini'achos, a Greek poet of Alexandria, in Egypt. Six of his hymns in hexameter verse are still extant.

For you the Cyrenaic shell
Behold I touch revering.

Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_.

CYR'IC _(St.)_, the saint to whom sailors address themselves. The St. Elmo of the Welsh.

The weary mariners
Called on St. Cyric's aid.
Southey, _Madoc_, i. 4 (1805).

CYRUS AND TOM'YRIS. Cyrus, after subduing the eastern parts of Asia, was defeated by Tomyris queen of the Massage'tae, in Scythia. Tomyris cut off his head, and threw it into a vessel filled with human blood, saying, as she did so, "There, drink thy fill." Dantê refers to this incident in his _Purgatory_, xii.

Consyder Syrus ...
He whose huge power no man might overthrowe,
Tom'yris Queen with great despite hath slowe,
His head dismembered from his mangled corps
Herself she cast into a vessel fraught
With clotted bloud of them that felt her force.
And with these words a just reward she taught--
"Drynke now thy fyll of thy desired draught."
T. Sackville, _A Mirrour for Magistraytes_
("The Complaynt," 1587).

CYTHERE'A, Venus; so called from Cythe'ra (now _Cerigo_), a mountainous island of Laco'nia, noted for the worship of Aphrodite (or Venus). The tale is that Venus and Mars, having formed an illicit affection for each other, were caught in a delicate net made by Vulcan, and exposed to the ridicule of the court of Olympus.

He the fate [_May sing_]
Of naked Mars with Cytherea chained.
Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_.

CYZE'NIS, the infamous daughter of Diomed, who killed every one that fell into her clutches, and compelled fathers to eat their own children.

CZAR (_Casar_), a title first assumed in Russia by Ivan III., who, in 1472, married a princess of the imperial Byzantine line. He also introduced the double-headed black eagle of Byzantium as the national symbol. The official style of the Russian autocrat is _Samoderjetz_. D'ACUNHA (_Teresa_), waiting-woman to the countess of Glenallan.--Sir W. Scott, _Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

DAFFODIL. When Perseph'onê, the daughter of Deme'ter, was a little maiden, she wandered about the meadows of Enna in Sicily, to gather _white_ daffodils to wreathe into her hair, and being tired she fell asleep. Pluto, the god of the infernal regions, carried her off to become his wife, and his touch turned the white flowers to a golden yellow. Some remained in her tresses till she reached the meadows of Acheron, and falling off there grew into the asphodel, with which the meadows thenceforth abounded.

She stepped upon Sicilian grass,
Demeter's daughter, fresh and fair,
A child of light, a radiant lass,
And gamesome as the morning air.
The daffodils were fair to see,
They nodded lightly on the lea;
Persephonê! Persephonê!

Jean Ingelow, _Persephone_.

DAGON, sixth in order of the hierarchy of hell: (1) Satan, (2) Beëlzebub, (3) Moloch, (4) Chemos, (5) Thammuz, (6) Dagon. Dagon was half man and half fish. He was worshipped in Ashdod, Gath, Ascalon, Ekron, and Gaza (the five chief cities of the Philistines). When the "ark" was placed in his temple, Dagon fell, and the palms of his hands were broken off.

Next came ...
Dagon ... sea-monster, upward man
And downward fish.

Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 457, etc. (1665).

DAG'ONET (_Sir_), King Arthur's fool. One day Sir Dagonet, with two squires, came to Cornwall, and as they drew near a well Sir Tristram soused them all three in, and dripping wet made them mount their horses and ride off, amid the jeers of the spectators (pt. ii. 60).

King Arthur loved Sir Dagonet passing well,
and made him knight; with his own hands; and
at every tournament he made King Arthur
laugh.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_.
ii. 97 (1470).

Justice Shallow brags that he once personated Sir Dagonet, while he was a student at Clement's Inn.--Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV_. act ii. sc. 2 (1598).

Tennyson deviates in this, as he does in so many other instances, from the old romance. The _History_ says that King Arthur made Dagonet knight "with his own hands," because he "loved him passing well;" but Tennyson says that Sir Gawain made him "a mock-knight of the Round Table."--_The Last Tournament_, 1.

DAISY MILLER. Mrs. Miller, _nouvelle riche_ and in true American subjection to her children, is travelling abroad. Her only daughter is pretty, unconventional, and so bent upon having "a good time" that she falls under the most degrading suspicions. The climax of flirtation and escapade is a midnight expedition to the Colosseum, where she contracts Roman fever and dies.--Henry James, Jr., _Daisy Miller_ (1878).

DAL'DAH, Mahomet's favorite white mule.

DALES (_The_), a family in Ashurst, where is laid the scene of _John Ward, Preacher_: By Margaret Deland. The wife is prim and dictatorial, a pattern housewife, with decided views upon all subjects, including religion and matrimony. The husband wears a cashmere dressing-gown, and spreads a red handkerchief over his white hair to protect his white head from draughts; reads "A Sentimental Journey;" looks at his wife before expressing an opinion, and makes an excellent fourth at whist (1888).

DALGA, a Lombard harlot, who tries to seduce young Goltho, but Goltho is saved by his friend Ulfinore.--Sir W. Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died 1668).

DALGARNO (_Lord Malcolm of_), a profligate young nobleman, son of the earl of Huntinglen (an old Scotch noble family). Nigel strikes Dalgarno with his sword, and is obliged to seek refuge in "Alsatia." Lord Dalgarno's villainy to the Lady Hermïonê excites the displeasure of King James, and he would have been banished if he had not married her. After this, Lord Dalgarno carries off the wife of John Christie, the ship-owner, and is shot by Captain Colepepper, the Alsatian bully.--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

DALGETTY (_Dugald_,) of Drumthwacket, the union of the soldado with the pedantic student of Mareschal College. As a soldier of fortune, he is retained in the service of the Earl of Monteith. The Marquis of Argyll (leader of the parliamentary army) tried to tamper with him in prison, but Dugald siezed him, threw him down, and then made his escape, locking the marquis in the dungeon. After the battle, Captain Dalgetty was knighted. This "Ritt-master" is a pedant, very conceited, full of vulgar assurance, with a good stock of worldly knowledge, a student of divinity, and a soldier who lets his sword out to the highest bidder. The character is original and well drawn.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

The original of this character was Munro, who wrote an account of the campaigns of that band of Scotch and English auxiliaries in the island of Swinemünde, in 1630. Munro was himself one of the band. Dugald Dalgetty is one of the best of Scott's characters.

DALTON (_Mrs._), housekeeper to the Rev. Mr. Staunton, of Willingham Rectory.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).

_Dalton (Beginald)_, the hero of a novel so called, by J. C. Lockhart (1832).

DALZELL (_General Thomas_), in the royal army of Charles II.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (1816).

DAME DU LAC, Vivienne le Fay. The lake was "en la marche de la petite Bretaigne;" "en ce lieu ... avoit la dame moult de belles maisons et moult riches."

_Dame du Lac_, Sebille (2 _syl_.). Her castle was surrounded by a river on which rested so thick a fog that no eye could see across it. Alexander the Great abode a fortnight with this fay, to be cured of his wounds, and King Arthur was the result of their amour. (This is not in accordance with the general legends of this noted hero. See ARTHUR.)--_Perceforest_, i. 42.

DAM'IAN, a squire attending on the Grand-Master of the Knights Templars.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

DAMIOT'TI (_Dr. Baptisti_), a Paduan quack, who exhibits "the enchanted mirror" to Lady Forester and Lady Bothwell. They see therein the clandestine marriage and infidelity of Sir Philip Forester.--Sir W. Scott, _Aunt Margaret's Mirror_ (time, William III.). DAMIS _[Dah.me]_, son of Orgon and Elmire (2 _syl_.), impetuous and self-willed.--Molière, _Tartuffe_ (1664).

DAMN WITH FAINT PRAISE.

Damn with faint praise, assent with evil leer,
And without sneering, teach the rest to sneer.
Pope, _Prologue to the Satires_, 201 (1734).

DAMNO'NII, the people of Damnonium, that is, Cornwall, Devon, Dorsetshire, and part of Somersetshire. This region, says Richard of Cirencester (_Hist._ vi. 18), was much frequented by the Phoenician, Greek, and Gallic merchants, for the metals with which it abounded, and particularly for its tin.

Wherein our Devonshire now and fartherest Cornwal are,
The old Danmonii [_sic_] dwelt.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).

DAMARIS WAINRIGHT. A woman richly endowed by Nature and fortune, whose mother and brother have died insane. She comes to maidenly maturity under the impression which strengthens into belief that madness is her heritage. After long struggles she accepts the hand of one who has striven steadily to combat what he considers a morbid conviction, and makes ready for her marriage. When dressed for the ceremony she sits down to await her bridegroom, and the image of herself in a tarnished mirror suggests a train of melancholy musing that result in dementia.

"With a mad impulse to flee she sprang to her
feet just as Lincoln knocked.... For an instant
her failing reason struggled to consciousness
as a drowning swimmer writhes a last time
to the surface, and gasps a breath only to give it
up in futile bubbles that mark the spot where he
sank. With a supreme effort her vanquished
will for a moment re-asserted itself. She knew
her lover was at the door, and she knew also
that the feet of doom had been swifter than those
of the bridegroom.... She sprang forward
and threw open the door."

"'I am mad!' she shrieked, in a voice which
pierced to every corner of the old mansion."

Arlo Bates, _The Wheel of Fire_, (1885).

DAM'OCLES (3 _syl_.), a sycophant, in the court of Dionys'ius _the Elder_, of Syracuse. After extolling the felicity of princes, Dionysius told him he would give him experimental proof thereof. Accordingly he had the courtier arrayed in royal robes and seated at a sumptuous banquet, but overhead was a sword suspended by a single horsehair, and Damocles was afraid to stir, lest the hair should break and the sword fall on him. Dionysius thus intimated that the lives of kings are threatened every hour of the day.--Cicero.

Let us who have not our names in the Red
Book console ourselves by thinking comfortably
how miserable our betters may be, and that
Damocles, who sits on satin cushions, and is
served on gold plate, has an awful sword hanging
over his head, in the shape of a bailiff, or
hereditary disease, or family secret.--Thackeray,
_Vanity Fair_, xlvii. (1848).

DAMOE'TAS, a herdsman. Theocritos and Virgil use the name in their pastorals.

And old Damoetas loved to hear our song.
Milton, _Lycidas_ (1638).

DA'MON, a goat-herd in Virgil's third _Eclogue_. Walsh introduces the same name in his _Eclogues_ also. Any rustic, swain, or herdsman.

DAMON AND DELIA. Damon asks Delia why she looks so coldly on him. She replies because of his attention to Belvidêra. He says he paid these attentions at her own request, "to hide the secret of their mutual love." Delia confesses that his prudence is commendable, but his acting is too earnest. To this he rejoins that she alone holds his heart; and Delia replies:

Tho' well I might your truth mistrust,
My foolish heart believes you just;
Reason this faith may disapprove,
But I believe, because I love.

Lord Lyttleton.

DAMON AND MUSIDO'RA, two lovers who misunderstood each other. Musidora was coy, and Damon thought her shyness indicated indifference; but one day he saw her bathing, and his delicacy so charmed the maiden that she at once accepted his proffered love.--Thomson, _The Seasons_ ("Summer," 1727).