Chapter XIX: Book I: The escape from Troy; Æneas and his son, driven by a tempest (18)

DERBY (_Earl of_), third son of the Earl of Lancaster, and near kinsman of Edward III. His name was Henry Plantagenet, and he died 1362. Henry Plantagenet, earl of Derby, was sent to protect Guienne, and was noted for his humanity no less than for his bravery. He defeated the Comte de l'Isle at Bergerac, reduced Perigord, took the castle of Auberoche, in Gascony, overthrew 10,000 French with only 1000, taking prisoners nine earls and nearly all the barons, knights, and squires (1345). Next year he took the fortresses of Monsegur, Montpezat, Villefranche, Miraumont, Tonneins, Damazin, Aiguillon, and Reole.

That most deserving Earl of Derby, we prefer Henry's third valiant son, the Earl of Lancaster. That only Mars of men,

Dayton, _Polyolbion_, xviii. (1613).

_Derby (Countess of)_, Charlotte de la Tremouille, Countess of Derby and Queen of Man.

_Philip (earl of Derby)_, King of Man, son of the countess.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

DANIEL DERONDA, pure young fellow whose influence for good over men and women is marvellous, and explicable only upon the principle that virtue is mightier than vice. "You could not have seen his face thoroughly meeting yours without believing that human creatures had done nobly in times past and might do more nobly in time to come."--George Eliot, _Daniel Deronda_.

DER'RICK, hangman in the first half of the seventeenth century. The crane for hoisting goods is called a derrick, from this hangman.

_Derrick (Faith)._ The rural heroine of Susan Warner's novel _Say and Seal_ (1860).

_Derrick (Tom)_, quarter-master of the pirate's vessel.--Sir W. Scott, _The Pirate_ (time, William III.).

DERRY DOWN TRIANGLE _(The)_, Lord Castlereagh; afterwards marquis of Londonderry; so called by William Hone. The first word is a pun on the title, the second refers to his lordship's oratory, a triangle being the most feeble, monotonous, and unmusical of all musical instruments. Tom Moore compares the oratory of Lord Castlereagh to "water spouting from a pump."

_Q_. Why is a pump like viscount Castlereigh?
_A_. Because it is a slender thing of wood,
That up and down its awkward arm doth sway,
And coolly spout, and spout, and spout away,
In one weak, washy, everlasting flood.

T. Moore.

DERVISH ("_a poor man_"), a sort of religious friar or mendicant among the Mohammedans.

DESBOROUG-H _(Colonel)_, one of the parliamentary commissioners.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

DESDEMO'NA, daughter of Brabantio, a Venetian senator, in love with Othello the Moor (general of the Venetian army). The Moor loves her intensely, and marries her; but Iago, by artful villainy, induces him to believe that she loves Cassio too well. After a violent conflict between love and jealousy, Othello smothers her with a bolster, and then stabs himself.--Shakespeare, _Othello_ (1611.)

The soft simplicity of Desdemona, confident of merit and conscious of innocence, her artless perseverance in her suit, and her slowness to suspect that she can be suspected, are proofs of Shakespeare's skill in human nature.--Dr. Johnson.

DESERT FAIRY _(The)_. This fairy was guarded by two lions, that could be pacified only by a cake made of millet, sugar-candy, and crocodiles' eggs. The Desert Fairy said to Allfair, "I swear by my coif you shall marry the Yellow Dwarf, or I will burn my crutch."--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("The Yellow Dwarf," 1682).

DESERTED DAUGHTER _(The)_, a comedy by Holcroft. Joanna was the daughter of Mordent, but her mother died, and Mordent married Lady Anne. In order to do so he ignored his daughter and had her brought up by strangers, intending to apprentice her to some trade. Item, a money-lender, acting on the advice of Mordent, lodges the girl with Mrs. Enfield, a crimp, where Lennox is introduced to her, and obtains Mordent's consent to run away with her. In the interim Cheveril sees her, falls in love with her, and determines to marry her. Mordent repents, takes the girl home, acknowledges her to be his daughter, and she becomes the wife of the gallant young Cheveril (1784).

This comedy has been recast, and called _The Steward_.

DESERTER _(The)_, a musical drama by Dibdin (1770). Henry, a soldier, is engaged to Louisa, but during his absence some rumors of gallantry to his disadvantage reach the village, and to test his love, Louisa in pretence goes with Simkin as if to be married. Henry sees the procession, is told it is Louisa's wedding day, and in a fit of desperation gives himself up as a deserter, and is condemned to death. Lousia goes to the king, explains the whole affair, and returns with his pardon as the muffled drums begin to beat.

DESMAS. The repentant thief is so called in _The Story of Joseph of Arimathea_; but Dismas in the apocryphal _Gospel of Nicodemus._ Longfellow, in _The Golden Legend_, calls him Dumachus. The impenitent thief is called Gestas, but Longfellow calls him Titus.

Imparibus meritis pendent tria corpora ramis:
_Dismas et Gesmas_, media est Divina Potestas;
Alta petit Dismas, infelix infima Gesmas;
Nos et res nostras conservet Summa Potestas.

Of differing merits from three trees incline
Dismas and Gesmas and the Power Divine;
Dismas repents, Gesmas no pardon craves,
The power Divine by death the sinner saves.

DESMONDS OF KILMALLOCK (Limerick). The legend is that the last powerful head of this family, who perished in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, still keeps his state under the waters of Lough Gur, that every seventh year he re-appears fully armed, rides round the lake early in the morning, and will ultimately return in the flesh to claim his own again. (See BARBAROSSA.)--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_.

DESPAIR (_Giant_), lived in Doubting Castle. He took Christian and Hopeful captive for sleeping on his grounds, and locked them in a dark dungeon from Wednesday to Saturday, without "one bit of bread, or drop of drink, or ray of light." By the advice of his wife, Diffidence, the giant beat them soundly "with a crab-tree cudgel." On Saturday night Christian remembered he had a key in his bosom, called "Promise," which would open any lock in Doubting Castle. So he opened the dungeon door, and they both made their escape with speed.--John Bunyan, _Pilgrim's Progress_, i. (1678).

DEUCE IS IN HIM (_The_) a farce by George Colman, senior. The person referred to is Colonel Tember, under which name the plot of the farce is given (1762).

DEUGA'LA, says Ossian, "was covered with the light of beauty, but her heart was the house of pride."

DEVE'TA, plu. Devetas, inferior or secondary deities in Hindû mythology.

DEVIL (_The_). Olivier le Daim, the tool of Louis XL, and once the king's barber, was called _Le Diable_, because he was as much feared, was as fond of making mischief, and was far more disliked than the prince of evil. Olivier was executed in 1484.

_Devil (The French)_, Jean Bart, an intrepid French sailor, born at Dunkirk (1650-1702).

_Devil (The White)_. George Castriot, surnamed "Scanderbeg," was called by the Turks "The White Devil of Wallachia" (1404-1467).

_Devil (The Printer's)_. Aldus Manutius, a printer in Venice to the holy Church and the doge, employed a negro boy to help him in his office. This little black boy was believed to be an imp of Satan, and went by the name of the "printer's devil." In order to protect him from persecution, and confute a foolish superstition, Manutius made a public exhibition of the boy, and announced that "any one who doubted him to be flesh and blood might come forward and pinch him."

_Devil (Robert the)_, of Normandy; so called because his father was said to have been an incubus or fiend in the disguise of a knight (1028-1035).

Robert Francois Damiens is also called _Robert le Diable_, for his attempt to assassinate Louis XV. (1714-1757).

_Devil (Son of the)_, Ezzeli'no, chief of the Gibelins, governor of Vicenza. He was so called for his infamous cruelties (1215-1259).

DEVIL DICK, Richard Porson, the critic, (1759-1808).

DEVIL ON TWO STICKS, (_The_), that is _Le Diable Boiteux_, by Lesage (1707). The plot of this humorous satirical tale is borrowed from the Spanish, _El Diabolo Cojuelo_, by Gueva'ra (1635). Asmode'us (_le diable boiteux_) perches Don Cle'ofas on the steeple of St. Salvador, and stretching out his hand, the roofs of all the houses open, and expose to him what is being done privately in every dwelling.

_Devil on Two Sticks (The)_, a farce by S. Foote; a satire on the medical profession.

DEVIL TO PAY, (_The_), a farce by C. Coffey. Sir John Loverule has a termagant wife, and Zackel Jobson, a patient grissel. Two spirits named Nadir and Ab'ishog transform these two wives for a time, so that the termagant is given to Jobson, and the patient wife to Sir John. When my lady tries her tricks on Jobson, he takes his strap to her and soon reduces her to obedience. After she is well reformed, the two are restored to their original husbands, and the shrew becomes an obedient, modest wife (died, 1745).

DEVIL'S AGE (_The_). A wealthy man once promised to give a poor gentleman and his wife a large sum of money if at a given time they could tell him the devil's age. When the time came, the gentleman at his wife's suggestion, plunged first into a barrel of honey and then into a barrel of feathers, and walked on all fours. Presently up came his Satanic majesty, and said, "_X and x_ years have I lived," naming the exact number, "yet never saw I an animal like this." The gentlemen had heard enough, and was able to answer the question without difficulty.--Rev. W. Webster, _Basque Legends_, 58 (1877).

DEVIL'S CHALICE (_The_). A wealthy man gave a poor farmer a large sum of money on this condition: at the end of a twelvemonth he was either to say "of what the devil made his chalice," or else give his head to the devil. The poor farmer as the time came round, hid himself in the crossroads, and presently the witches assembled from all sides. Said one witch to another, "You know that Farmer So-and-so has sold his head to the devil, for he will never know of what the devil makes his chalice. In fact I don't know myself." "Don't you?" said the other; "why, of the parings of finger-nails trimmed on Sundays."--The farmer was overjoyed, and when the time came round was quite ready with his answer.--Rev. W. Webster, _Basque Legends_, 71 (1877).

DEVIL'S DYKE, BRIGHTON (_The_). One day, as St. Cuthman was walking over the South Downs, and thinking to himself how completely he had rescued the whole country from paganism, he was accosted by his sable majesty in person. "Ha, ha!" said the prince of darkness; "so you think by these churches and convents to put me and mine to your ban, do you? Poor fool! why, this very night will I swamp the whole land with the sea." "Forewarned is forearmed," thought St. Cuthman, and hies him to sister Celia, superior of a convent which then stood on the spot of the present Dyke House. "Sister," said the saint, "I love you well. This night, for the grace of God, keep lights burning at the convent windows from midnight to day-break, and let masses be said by the holy sisterhood." At sundown came the devil with pickaxe and spade, mattock: and shovel, and set to work in right good earnest to dig a dyke which should let the waters of the seas into the downs. "Fire and brim-stone!"--he exclaimed, as a sound of voices rose and fell in sacred song--"Fire and brim-stone! What's the matter with me?" Shoulders, feet, wrists, loins, all seemed paralyzed. Down went mattock and spade, pickaxe and shovel, and just at that moment the lights at the convent windows burst forth, and the cock, mistaking the blaze for daybreak, began to crow most lustily. Off flew the devil, and never again returned to complete his work. The small digging he effected still remains in witness of the truth of this legend of the "Devil's Dyke."

DEVIL'S PARLIAMENT (_The_), the parliament assembled by Henry VI. at Conventry, 1459. So called because it passed attainders on the duke of York and his chief supporters.

DEVIL SACRAMENT. This blasphemous rite whereby those who would practice witchcraft were initiated into the diabolical mysteries is described by Deodat Lawson in 1704.

"At their cursed supper they were said to have red bread and red drink, and when they pressed an afflicted person to eat and drink thereof she turned away her head and spit at it, and said, 'I will not eat, I will not drink. It is blood.' ... Thus horribly doth Satan endeavor to have his kingdom and administrations to resemble those of our Lord Jesus Christ."--Deodat Lawson, _Christ's Fidelity the only Shield against Satan's Malignity_ (1704).

DEVONSHIRE, according to historic fable, is a corruption of "Debon's-share." This Debon was one of the companions of Brute, the descendent of Aene'as. He chased the giant Coulin till he came to a pit eight leagues across. Trying to leap this chasm, the giant fell backwards and lost his life.

... that ample pit, yet far renowned
For the great leap which Debon did compel
Coulin to make, being eight lugs of ground,
Into the which retourning back he fell ...
And Debon's share was that is Devonshire.

Spenser, _Faery Queen_, ii. 10 (1590).

DE'VORGOIL (_Lady Jane_), a friend of the Hazlewood family.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

DEWLAP (_Dick_), an anecdote teller, whose success depended more upon his physiognomy than his wit. His chin and his paunch were his most telling points.

I found that the merit of his wit was founded upon the shaking of a fat paunch, and the tossing up of a pair of rosy jowls.--Richard Steele.

DEXTER, (_Gregory_), the typical Successful Man who is first suitor, then the generous friend of Anne Douglas, in Constance Fennimore Woolson's _Anne_.

"A little indifference to outside opinion would
have made him a contented, as he was a successful
man. But there was a surface of personal
vanity over his better qualities which led him to
desire a tribute of universal liking." (1882).

DHU (_Evan_) of Lochiel, a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.

_Mhich-Connel Dhu_. or M'Ilduy, a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.--

Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

DHUL'DUL, the famous horse of Ali, son-in-law of Mahomet.

DHU'L KARNEIN ("_the two-horned_,") a true believer according to the Mohammedan notion, who built the wall to prevent the incursions of Gog and Magog.--_Al Korân_, xviii.

Commentators say the wall was built in this
manner: The workman dug till they found
water; and having laid the foundation of stone
and melted brass, they built the superstructure
of large pieces of iron, between which they
packed wood and coal, till the whole equalled
the height of the mountains [_of Armenia_]. Then
setting fire to the combustibles, and by the use of
bellows, they made the iron red hot, and poured
molten brass over to fill up the interstices.

--Al Beidawi.

DHU'LNUN, the surname of Jonah.; so called because he was _swallowed by a fish_.

Remember Dhu'lnun, when he departed in wrath, and thought that we could not exercise our power over him.--_Al Korân_, xxi.

DIAFOIRUS (_Thomas_), son of Dr. Diafoirus. He is a young medical milksop, to whom Argan has promised his daughter Angelique in marriage. Diafoirus pays his compliments in cut-and-dried speeches, and on one occasion, being interrupted in his remarks, says, "Madame, vous m'avez interrompu dans le milieu de ma période, et cela m'a troublé la mémoire." His father says, "Thomas, reservez cela pour une autre fois." Angelique loves Cléante (2 _syl_.), and Thomas Diafoirus goes to the wall.

Il n'a jamais eu l'imagination bien vive, ni ce feu d'esprit qu'on remarque dans quelques uns,.... Lorsqui'il était petit, il n'a jamais été ce qu'on appelle mièvre et éveille; on le voyait toujours doux, paisible, et taciturne, ne disant jamais mot, et ne jouant jamais à tons ces petits jeux que l'on nomme enfantins.--Molière, _Le Malade Imaginaire_, ii.6 (1673).

DI'AMOND, one of three brothers, sons of the fairy Agapê. Though very strong, he was slain in single fight by Cambalo. His brothers were Pri'amond and Tri'amond.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. (1596).

DIAMOND JOUSTS, nine jousts instituted by Arthur, and so called because a diamond was the prize. These nine diamonds were all won by Sir Launcelot, who presented them to the queen, but Guinevere, in a tiff, flung them into the river which ran by the palace.--Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ ("Elaine").

DIAMOND SWORD, a magic sword given by the god Syren to the king of the Gold Mines.

She gave him a sword made of one entire diamond, that gave as great lustre as the sun.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("The Yellow Dwarf," 1682).

DIANA, the heroine and title, a pastoral of Montemayor, imitated from the _Daphnis_ and _Chloe_ of Longos (fourteenth century).

_Dian'a_, daughter of the widow of Florence with whom Hel'ena lodged on her way to the shrine of St. Jacques le Grand. Count Bertram wantonly loved Diana, but the modest girl made this attachment the means of bringing about a reconciliation between Bertram and his wife Helena.--Shakespeare, _All's Well that Ends Well_ (1598).

DIAN'A DE LASCOURS, daughter of Ralph and Louise de Lascours, and sister of Martha, _alias_ Ogari'la. Diana was betrothed to Horace de Brienne, whom she resigns to Martha.--E. Stirling, _The Orphan of the Frozen Sea_ (1856).

DIAN'A THE INEXORABLE. (1) She slew Orion with one of her arrows, for daring to make love to her. (2) She changed Actæon into a stag and set her own dogs on him to worry him to death, because he chanced to look upon her while bathing. (3) She shot with her arrows the six sons and six daughters of Niobé, because the fond mother said she was happier than Latona, who had only two children.

Dianae non movenda numina.

Horace, _Epode_, xvii.

DIANA THE SECOND OF SALMANTIN, a pastoral romance by Gil Polo.

"We will preserve that book," said the cure, "as carefully as if Apollo himself had been its author."--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. i. 6 (1605).

DIANA _(the Temple of_), at Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of antiquity, was set on fire by Herostratos to immortalize his name.

DIANA OF THE STAGE, Mrs. Anne Brace-girdle (1663-1748).

DIAN'A'S FORESTERS, "minions of the moon," "Diana's knights," etc., highwaymen.

Marry, then, sweet wag, when thou art king,
let not us that are "squires of the night's body"
be called _thieves_ ... let us be "Diana's foresters,"
"Gentlemen of the shade," "minions of the
moon."--Shakespeare, I _Henry IV_. act i. sc. 2
(1597).

DIANO'RA, wife of Gilberto of Friu'li, but amorously loved by Ansaldo. In order to rid herself of his importunities, she vowed never to yield to his suit till he could "make her garden at midwinter as gay with flowers as it was in summer" (meaning _never_). Ansaldo, by the aid of a magician, accomplished the appointed task; but when the lady told him that her husband insisted on her keeping her promise, Ansaldo, not to be outdone in generosity, declined to take advantage of his claim, and from that day forth was the firm and honorable friend of Gilberto.--Bocaccio, _Decameron_, x.5.

The _Franklin's Tale_ of Chaucer is substantially the same story. (See DORIGEN).

DIARMAID, noted for his "beauty spot," which he covered up with his cap; for if any woman chanced to see it, she would instantly fall in love with him.--Campbell, _Tales of the West Highlands_ ("Diarmaid and Grainne").

DIAV'OLO (_Fra_), Michele Pezza, Insurgent of Calabria (1760-1806).--Auber, _Fra Diavolo_ (libretto by Scribe, 1836).

DIBBLE (_Davie_), gardener at Monkbarns.--Sir W. Scott, _Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

_Dibu'tades_ (4 _syl_.), a potter of Sicyon, whose daughter traced on the wall her lover's shadow, cast there by the light of a lamp. This, it is said, is the origin of portrait painting. The father applied the same process to his pottery, and this, it is said, is the origin of sculpture in relief.

Will the arts ever have a lovelier origin than that fair daughter of Dibutades tracing the beloved shadow on the wall!--Ouida, _Ariadnê_, i. 6.

DICAE'A, daughter of Jove, the "accusing angel" of classic mythology.

Forth stepped the just Dicaea, full of rage.

Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, vi. (1633).

DICCON THE BEDLAMITE, a half-mad mendicant, both knave and thief. A specimen of the metre will be seen by part of Diccon's speech:

Many amyle have I walked, divers and sundry waies,
And many a good man's house have I bin at in my dais;
Many a gossip's cup in my tyme have I tasted,
And many a broche and spyt have I both turned and basted ...
When I saw it booted nit, out at doores I hyed mee,
And caught a slyp of bacon when I saw none spyd mee
Which I intend not far hence, unless my purpose fayle,
Shall serve for a shooing home to draw on two pots of ale.

_Gammer Gurton's Needle_ (1575).

DICIL'LA, one of Logistilla's handmaids, noted for her chastity.--Ariosto, _Orlanda Furioso_ (1516).

DICK, ostler at the Seven Stars inn, York.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, Greorge II.).

_Dick_, called "The Devil's Dick of Hellgarth;" a falconer and follower of the earl of Douglas.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

_Dick (Mr.)_, an amiable, half-witted man, devoted to David's "aunt," Miss Betsey Trotwood, who thinks him a prodigious genius. Mr. Dick is especially mad on the subject of Charles I.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849).

DICK AMLET, the son of Mrs. Amlet, a rich, vulgar tradeswoman. Dick assumes the airs of a fine gentleman, and calls himself Colonel Shapely, in which character he gets introduced to Corinna, the daughter of Gripe, a rich scrivener. Just as he is about to elope, his mother makes her appearance, and the deceit is laid bare; but Mrs. Amlet promises to give her son £10,000, and so the wedding is adjusted. Dick is a regular scamp, and wholly without principle; but being a dashing young blade, with a handsome person, he is admired by the ladies.--Sir John Vanbrugh, _The Confederacy_ (1695).

DICK SHAKEBAG, a highwayman in the gang of Captain Colepepper (the Alsatian bully).--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I).

DICKSON (_Thomas_) farmer at Douglasdale.

_Charles Dickson_, son of the above, killed in the church.--Sir W. Scott, _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).

DICTA'TOR OF LETTERS, Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire, called the "Great Pan" (1694-1778).

DICTIONARY (_A Living_). Wilhelm Leibnitz (1646-1716) was so called by George I.

Longinus was called "The Living Cyclopaedia" (213-273).

Daniel Huet, chief editor of the _Delphine Classics_, was called a _Porcus Literarum_ for his unlimited knowledge (1630-1721).

DIDDLER (_Jeremy_), an artful swindler; a clever, seedy vagabond, who borrows money or obtains credit by his songs, witticisms, or other expedients.--Kenny, _Raising the Wind_.

DIDERICK, the German form of Theodorick, king of the Goths. As Arthur is the centre of British romance, and Charlemagne of French romance, so Diderick is the central figure of the German minnesingers. DIDIER (_Henri_), the lover of Julie Les-urques (2 _syl_.); a gentleman in feeling and conduct, who remains loyal to his _fiancée_ through all her troubles.--Ed. Stirling, _The Courier of Lyons_ (1852).

DIDO, _daughter of Belus, king of Tyre_. She bought "as much land in Africa as a bull's hide could cover," shred the hide into strings, and enclosed a large tract. Æneas was wrecked upon her coast, and a love affair ensued. He deserted her, and she killed herself after watching his ship until it was out of sight.

DIE'GO, the sexton to Lopez the "Spanish curate."--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Spanish Curate_ (1622).

_Die'go (Don)_, a man of 60, who saw a country maiden named Leonora, whom he liked, and intended to marry if her temper was as amiable as her face was pretty. He obtained leave of her parents to bring her home and place her under a duenna for three months, and then either return her to them spotless, or to make her his wife. At the expiration of the time, he went to settle the marriage contract; and, to make all things sure, locked up the house, giving the keys to Ursula, but to the outer door he attached a huge padlock, and put the key in his pocket. Leander, being in love with Leonora, laughed at locksmiths and duennas, and Diego (2 _syl_.), found them about to elope. Being a wise man, he not only consented to their union, but gave Leonora a handsome marriage portion.--I. Bickerstaff, _The Padlock._

DIES IRAE. The name generally given from the opening words to a mediaeval hymn on the Last Judgment. The author is unknown, but the hymn is now generally ascribed to a monk of the Abruzzi, in Naples, Thomas de Celano, who died about 1255.

Dies irae, dies ilia
Sol vet sseclum in favilla
Teste David cum Sibylla.

That Day of Wrath, that dreadful day
When Heaven and Earth shall pass away,
So David and the Sibyl say.

DIET OF PERFORMERS.

BEAHAM sang on _bottled porter_.

CATLEY _(Miss)_ took _linseed tea and madeira._

COOKE _(G.F.)_ drank everything.

HENDEESON, _gum arable and sherry_.

INCLEDON sang on _madeira_.

JOEDAN _(Mrs.)_ drank _calves'-foot jelly and sherry._

KEAN _(C.)_ took _beef-tea_ for breakfast, and preferred a _rump-steak_ for dinner.

KEAN _(Edm.)_ EMERY and REEVE drank _cold brandy-and-water._

KEMBLE _(John)_ took _opium_.

LEWIS, _mulled wine_ and _oysters_.

MACEEADY used to eat the _lean of mutton-chops_ when he acted, and subsequently lived almost wholly on a vegetable diet.

OXBERRY drank _tea_.

RUSSELL _(Henry)_ took a _boiled egg_.

SMITH (_W_.) drank _coffee_.

WOOD (_Mrs_.) sang on _draught porter_.

WEENCH and HAELEY took _no_ refreshment during a performance.--W. O. Russell, _Representative Actors_. 272.

DIE'TRICH (2 _syl_.). So Theod'oric _The Great_ is called by the German minnesingers. In the terrible broil stirred up by Queen Kriemhild in the banquet hall of Etzel, Dietrich interfered, and succeeded in capturing Hagan and the Burgundian King Ghinther. These he handed over to the queen, praying her to set them free; but she cut off both their heads with her own hands.--_The Niebelungen Lied_ (thirteenth century.)

_Dietrich (John)_, a laborer's son of Pomerania. He spent twelve years under ground, where he met Elizabeth Krabbin, daughter of the minister of his own village, Rambin. One day, walking together, they heard a cock crow, and an irresistible desire came over both of them to visit the upper earth, John so frightened the elves by a toad, that they yielded to his wish, and gave him hoards of wealth, with part of which he bought half the island of Riigen. He married Elizabeth, and became founder of a very powerful family.--Keightley, _Fairy Mythology_. (See TANHAUSER.)

DIETZ _(Bernard)._ Broad-shouldered giant who wears an air of deep and gentle repose, and comes like a benediction from heaven to the sick room of Count Hugo in Blanche Willis Howard's novel _The Open Door._ He is a stone-mason who says with a genial laugh,

"I hope if I'm lucky enough to get into the New Jerusalem they talk about, there'll still be a little building going on, for I shouldn't feel at home without a block of stone to clip."

His grand simplicity and strong common sense medicine the morbid soul of the more nobly-born man. His argument against the suicide Hugo contemplates as an open door out of the world, surprises the listener profoundly.

"You see, you can never destroy anything. You can only _seem_ to. The life in us--it doesn't ask us if we want to be born,--it doesn't ask us if we want to die. It is beyond us, and I don't believe it _can_ be destroyed" (1889).

DIEU ET MON DROIT, the parole of Richard I. at the battle of Gisors (1198).

DIGGERY, one of the house-servants at Strawberry Hall. Being stage-struck, he inoculates his fellow-servants (Cymon and Wat) with the same taste. In the same house is an heiress named Kitty Sprightly (a ward of Sir Gilbert Pumpkin), also stage-struck. Diggery's favorite character is "Alexander the Great," the son of "Almon." One day, playing _Romeo and Juliet_, he turns the oven into the balcony, but, being rung for, the girl acting "Juliet" is nearly roasted alive. (See DIGGORY.)--J. Jackman, _All the World's a Stage_.

DIGGES (_Miss Maria_), a friend of Lady Penfeather; a visitor at the Spa.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.).

DIGGON [DAVIE], a shepherd in the _Shephearde's Calendar_, by Spenser. He tells Hobbinol that he drove his sheep into foreign lands, hoping to find better pasture; but he was amazed at the luxury and profligacy of the shepherds whom he saw there, and the wretched condition of the flocks. He refers to the Roman Catholic clergy, and their abandoned mode of life. Diggon also tells Hobbinol a long story about Roffynn (_the bishop of Rochester_) and his watchful dog Lauder catching a wolf in sheep's clothing in the fold.--_Ecl_. ix. (September, 1572 or 1578).

DIGGORY, a barn laborer, employed on state occasions for butler and footman by Mr. and Mrs. Hardcastle. He is both awkward and familiar, laughs at his master's jokes and talks to his master's guests while serving. (See DIGGERY.)--Goldsmith, _She Stoops to Conquer_. (1773).

_Diggory_ (_Father_), one of the monks of St. Botolph's Priory.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

DIMANCHE, (_Mons_.), a dun. Mons. Dimanche, a tradesman, applies to Don Juan for money. Don Juan treats him with all imaginable courtesy, but every time he attempts to revert to business interrupts him with some such question as, _Comment se porte Madame Dimanche?_ or _Et votre petite fille Claudine comment se porte-t-ell?_ or _Le petit Colin fait-il toujours bien du bruit avec son tambour?_ or _Ét votre petit chien Brusquet, gronde-t-il toujours aussi fort_ ...? and, after a time, he says he is very sorry, but he must say good-bye for the present, and he leaves Mons. without his once stating the object of his call. (See SHUFFLETON.) Molière, _Don Juan_ (1665).

DIMMESDALE _(Arthur)._ Master Prynne, an English physician living in Amsterdam, having determined to join the Massachusetts Colony, sent his young wife Hester before him to await his coming. He was detained two years, and on reaching Boston, the first sight that met his eyes was his wife standing in the pillory with a young babe in her arms and with the letter A, the mark of her shame, embroidered in scarlet on her breast. A young clergyman, the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, regarded by all the people as a saint, too good for earth, was earnestly exhorting her to declare the name of the child's father, but she steadfastly refused, and was sent back to prison. Prynne who had heard in Amsterdam rumors of his wife's infidelity, both to discover her betrayer and to hide his own relation to his wife, had taken the name of Roger Chillingworth, and with eyes sharpened by jealousy and wounded pride, soon discovered that his wife's lover was no other than Dimmesdale himself. As a physician and under the guise of friendship he attached himself to the minister, and pursued his ghastly search for the secret cause that was eating away his life. How it all ended is shown in that wonderful book where, as in a Greek drama, the fates of Arthur Dimmesdale, Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingworth, and the love-child, Little Pearl, are traced in lines of fire.--Nathaniel Hawthorne, _The Scarlet Letter_.

DINANT', a gentleman who once loved and still pretends to love Lamira. the wife of Champernel.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Little French Lawyer_ (1647).

DINARZA'DE (_4 syl_.), sister of Scheherazadê, Sultana of Persia. Dinarzadê was instructed by her sister to wake her every morning an hour before daybreak, and say, "Sister, relate to me one of those delightful stories you know," or "Finish before daybreak the story you began yesterday." The sultan got interested in these tales, and revoked the cruel determination he had made of strangling at daybreak the wife he had married the preceeding night. (See SCHEHERAZADE.)

DINAS EMRYS, or "Fort of Ambrose" (_i.e._ Merlin), on the Brith, a part of Snowdon. When Vortigern built this fort, whatever was constructed during the day was swallowed up in the earth during the night. Merlin (then called Ambrose or Embres-Guletic) discovered the cause to be "two serpents at the bottom of a pool below the foundation of the works." These serpents were incessantly struggling with each other; one was white, and the other red. The white serpent at first prevaled, but ultimately the red one chased the other out of the pool. The red serpent, he said, meant the Britons, and the white one the Saxons. At first the Saxons (or _white serpent_) prevailed, but in the end "our people" _the red serpent_ "shall chase the Saxon race beyond the sea."--Nennius, _History of the Britons_ (842).

And from the top of Brith, so high and wondrous
steep
Where Dinas Emris stood, showed where
the serpents fought
The white that tore the red, for whence the
prophet taught
The Britons' sad decay.

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, x, (1612).

DINE WITH DUKE HUMPHREY (_To_), to have no dinner to go to. The Duke referred to was the son of Henry IV., murdered at St. Edmundsbury, and buried at St. Alban's. It was generally thought that he was buried in the nave of St. Paul's Cathedral; but the monument supposed to be erected to the duke was in reality that of John Beauchamp. Loungers, who were asked if they were not going home to dinner, and those who tarried in St. Paul's after the general crowd had left, were supposed to be so busy looking for the duke's monument that they disregarded the dinner hour.

DINER-OUT OF THE FIRST WATER, the Rev. Sidney Smith; so called by the _Quarterly Review_ (1769-1845).

DINGLE (_Old Dick of the_), friend of Hobbie Elliott of the Heugh-foot farm.--Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).

DINGWALL (_Davie_), the attorney at Wolfe's Hope village.--Sir W. Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time William III.).

DINIAS AND DERCYLLIS (_The Wanderings, Adventures, and Loves of_), an old Greek novel, the basis of the romance of Antonius Diog'enês in twenty-four books and entitled _Incredible Things beyond Thule_ [_Ta HuperThoulen Apista_], a store-house from which subsequent writers have borrowed largely. The work is not extant, but Photius gives an outline of its contents.

DINMONT (_Dandy, i.e._ Andrew), an eccentric and humorous store farmer at Charlie's Hope. He is called "The fighting Dinmont of Liddesdale."

_Ailie Dinmont_, wife of Dandy Dinmont.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time George II.).

This novel has been dramatized by Daniel Terry.

DINNER BELL. Burke was so called from his custom of speaking so long as to interfere with the dinner of the members (1729-1797).

DIOCLE'TIAN, the king and father of Erastus, who was placed under the charge of the "seven wise masters" (_Italian version_).

In the _French_ version, the father is called "Dolop'athos."--_Sandabar's Parables_.

DIOG'ENES, Greek cynic, who carried a lantern at noon, to search for an honest man.

DIOG'ENES (4 _syl_.), the negro slave of the cynic philosopher Michael Agelestês (4 _syl_.).--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

DI'OMEDE (3 _syl_.), fed his horses on human flesh, and he was himself eaten by his horse, being thrown to it by Herculês.

DION (_Lord_), father of Euphra'sia. Euphrasia is in love with Philaster, heir to the crown of Messi'na. Disguised as a page, Euphrasia assumes the name of Bellario and enters the service of Philaster.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Philaster_ or _Love Lies a-bleeding_ (1638).

(There is considerable resemblance between "Euphrasia" and "Viola" in Shakespeare's _Twelfth Night_, 1614).

DIONÆ'AN CÆSAR, Julius Cæsar, who claimed descent from Venus, called Dionê from her mother. Æneas was son of _Venus_ and Anchisês.

Ecce, Dionæi processit Cæsaris astrum.

Virgil, _Eclogues_, ix. 47.

DIO'NE (3 _syl_.), mother of Aphroditê (_Venus_), Zeus or Jove being the father. Venus herself is sometimes called Dionê.

Oh, bear ... thy treasures to the green recess,
Where young Dionê strays; with sweetest airs
Entice her forth to lend her angel form
For Beauty's honored image.

Akenside, _Pleasures of Imagination_, (1744).

DIONYS'IA, wife of Cleon, governor of Tarsus. Periclês prince of Tyre commits to her charge his infant daughter Mari'na, supposed to be motherless. When her foster-child is fourteen years old, Dionysia, out of jealousy, employs a man to murder her, and the people of Tarsus, hearing thereof, set fire to her house, and both Dionysia and Cleon are burnt to death in the flames,--Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince of Tyre_ (1608).

DIONYS'IUS, tyrant of Syracuse, dethroned Evander, and imprisoned him in a dungeon deep in a huge rock, intending to starve him to death. But Euphrasia, having gained access to him, fed him from her own breast. Timoleon invaded Syracuse, and Dionysius, seeking safety in a tomb, saw there Evander the deposed king, and was about to kill him, when Euphrasia rushed forward, struck the tyrant to the heart, and he fell dead at her feet.--A. Murphy, _The Grecian Daughter_ (1772).

In this tragedy there are several gross historical errors. In act i. the author tells us it was Dionysius the Elder who was dethroned, and went in exile to Corinth; but the elder Dionysius died in Syracuse, at the age of 63, and it was the _younger_ Dionysius who was dethroned by Timoleon, and went to Corinth. In act v. he makes Euphrasia kill the tyrant in Syracuse, whereas he was allowed to leave Sicily, and retired to Corinth, where he spent his time in riotous living, etc.

_Dionys'ius_ [THE ELDER] was appointed sole general of the Syracusan army, and then king by the voice of the senate. Damon "the Pythagorean" opposed the appointment, and even tried to stab "the tyrant," but was arrested and condemned to death. The incidents whereby he was saved are to be found under the article DA'MON (q.v.).

_Damon and Pythias_, a drama by R. Edwards (1571), and another by John Banim, in 1825.

_Dionys'ius_ [THE YOUNGER], being banished from Syracuse, went to Corinth and turned schoolmaster.

Corinth's pedagogue hath now
Transferred his byword _[tyrant]_ to thy brow.

Byron, _Ode to Napoleon_.

DIONYSIUS THE AREOPAGITE was one of the judges of the Areopagite when St. Paul appeared before this tribunal. Certain writings, fabricated by the neo-platonicians in the fifth century, were falsely ascribed to him. The _Isido'rian Decretals_ is a somewhat similar forgery by Mentz, who lived in the ninth century, or three hundred years after Isidore.

The error of those doctrines so vicious
Of the old Areopagite Dionysius.

Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.

DIOSCU'RI _(sons of Zeus_), Castor and Pollux. Generally, but incorrectly, accented on the second syllable.

DIOTI'MA, the priestess of Mantineia in Plato's _Symposium_, the teacher of Soc'rates. Her opinions on life, its nature, origin, end, and aim, form the nucleus of the dialogue. Socratês died of hemlock.

Beneath an emerald plane
Sits Diotima, teaching him that died
Of Hemlock.

Tennyson, _The Princess_, iii.

DIPLOMATISTS _(Prince of_), Charles Maurice Talleyrand de Pèrigord (1754-1838).

DIPSAS, a serpent, so called because those bitten by it suffered from intolerable thirst. (Greek, _dipsa_, "thirst.") Milton refers to it in _Paradise Lost_, x. 526 (1665).

DIPSODES (2 _syl_.), the people of Dipsody, ruled over by King Anarchus, and subjugated by Prince Pantag'ruel (bk. ii. 28). Pantagruel afterwards colonized their country with nine thousand million men from Utopia (or to speak more exactly, 9,876,543,210 men), besides women, children, workmen, professors, and peasant-laborers (bk. iii. I).--Rabelais, _Pantag'ruel_ (1545).

DIP'SODY, the country of the Dipsodes (2 _syl), q.v._

DIRCÆ'AN SWAN, Pindar; so called from Dircê, a fountain in the neighborhood of Thebes, the poet's birthplace (B.C. 518-442.)

DIRLOS or D'YRLOS (_Count_), a paladin, the embodiment of valor, generosity, and truth. He was sent by Charlemagne to the East, where he conquered Aliar'dê, a Moorish prince. On his return, he found his young wife betrothed to Celi'nos (another of Charlemagne's peers). The matter was put right by the king, who gave a grand feast on the occasion.

DISASTROUS PEACE (_The_), the peace signed at Cateau-Cambrésis, by which Henri II. renounced all claim to Gen'oa, Naples, Mil'an, and Corsica (1559).

DIS'MAS, the penitent thief; Gesmas the impenitent one.

DISTAFFI'NA, the troth-plight wife of General Bombastês; but Artaxaminous, king of Utopia, promised her "half a crown" if she would forsake the general for himself--a temptation too great to be resisted. When the general found himself jilted, he retired from the world, hung up his boots on the branch of a tree, and dared any one to remove them. The king cut the boots down, and the general cut the king down. Fusbos, coming up at this crisis, laid the general prostrate. At the close of the burlesque all the dead men jump up and join the dance, promising "to die again to-morrow," if the audience desire it.--W. B. Rhodes, _Bombastes Furioso_ (1790.)

Falling on one knee, he put both hands on
his heart and rolled up his eyes, much after the
manner of Bombastes Furioso making love to
Distaffina.--E. Sargent.

DISTRESSED MOTHER (_The_), a tragedy by Ambrose Philips (1712). The "distressed mother" is Androm'achê, the widow of Hector. At the fall of Troy she and her son Asty'anax fell to the lot of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, Pyrrhus fell in love with her and wished to marry her, but she refused him. At length an embassy from Greece, headed by Orestês, son of Agamemnon, was sent to Epirus to demand the death of Astyanax, lest in manhood he might seek to avenge his father's death. Pyrrhus told Andromachê he would protect her son, and defy all Greece, if she would consent to marry him; and she yielded. While the marriage rites were going on, the Greek ambassadors fell on Pyrrhus and murdered him. As he fell he placed the crown on the head of Andromachê, who thus became queen of Epirus, and the Greeks hastened to their ships in flight. This play is an English adaptation of Racine's _Andromaque_ (1667).

Ditchley _(Gaffer)_, one of the miners employed by Sir Geoffrey Peveril.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

DITHYRAMBIC POETRY _(Father of_), Arion of Lesbos (fl. B.C. 625).

DITTON _(Thomas)_ footman of the Rev. Mr. Staunton, of Willingham Rectory.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).

DIVAN _(The)_, the supreme council and court of justice of the caliphs. The abbassides always sat in person in this court to aid in the redress of wrongs. It was called "a divan" from the benches covered with cushions on which the members sat.--D'Herbelot, _Bibliothèque Orientate_, 298.

DIVE _[deev]_, a demon in Persian mythology. In the mogul's palace at Lahore, there used to be several pictures of these dives (1 _syl_), with long horns, staring eyes, shaggy hair, great fangs, ugly paws, long tails, and other horrible deformities.

DI'VER (_Colonel_), editor of the _New York Rowdy Journal_, in America. His air was that of a man oppressed by a sense of his own greatness, and his physiognomy was a map of cunning and conceit.--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844.)

DI'VES (2 _syl_.), the name popularly given to the "rich man" in our Lord's parable of the rich man and Lazarus; in Latin, _Divês et Lazarus_.--_Luke_ xvi.

DIVI'NA COMME'DIA, the first poem of note ever written in the Italian language. It is an epic by Dante' Alighie'ri, and is divided into three parts: Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise. Dante' called it a _comedy_, because the ending is happy; and his countrymen added the word _divine_ from admiration of the poem. The poet depicts a vision, in which he is conducted, first by Virgil (_human reason_,) through hell and purgatory; and then by Beatrice (_revelation_), and finally by St. Bernard, through the several heavens, where he beholds the Triune God.

"Hell," is represented as a funnel-shaped hollow, formed of gradually contracting circles, the lowest and smallest of which is the earth's centre. (See INFERNO, 1300).

"Purgatory" is a mountain rising solitarily from the ocean on that side of the earth which is opposite to us. It is divided into terraces, and its top is the terrestrial paradise. (See PURGATORY, 1308).

From this "top" the poet ascends through the seven planetary heavens, the fixed stars, and the "primum mobile" to the empyre'an or seat of God. (See PARADISE, 1311).

DIVINE (_The_), St. John the evangelist, called "John the Divine."

Raphael, the painter, was called _Il Divino_ (1483-1520).

Luis Moralês, a Spanish painter, was called _El Divino_ (1509-1586).

Ferdinand de Herre'ra, a Spanish poet (1516-1595).

DIVINE DOCTOR _(The)_, Jean de Ruysbroek, the mystic (1294-1381).

DIVINE SPEAKER _(The)_ Tyr'tamos, usually known as Theophrastos ("divine speaker"), was so called by Aristotle (B.C. 370-287).

DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS. The dogma that _Kings can do no wrong_ is based on a dictum of Hincmar Archbishop of Rheims, viz., that kings are subject to no man so long as they rule by God's law.--_Hincmar's Works_, i. 693.

DIVINING ROD, a forked branch of hazel suspended between the balls of the thumbs. The inclination of this rod indicates the presence of water-springs and precious metals.

Now to rivulets from the mountains
Point the rods of fortune-tellers.

Longfellow, _Drinking Song_.

Jacques Aymar of Crôle was the most famous of all diviners. He lived in the latter half of the seventeenth century and the beginning of the eighteenth. His marvellous faculty attracted the attention of Europe. M. Chauvin, M.D., and M. Garnier, M.D., published carefully written accounts of his wonderful powers, and both were eye-witnesses thereof.--See S. Baring-Gould, _Myths of the Middle Ages_.

DIVINITY. There are four professors of divinity at Cambridge, and three at Oxford. Those at _Cambridge_ are the Hul'sean, the Margaret, the Norrisian, and the Regius. Those at _Oxford_ are the Margaret, the Regius, and one for Ecclesiastical History.

DIVI'NO LODOV'ICO, Ariosto, author of _Orlando Furioso_ (1474-1533).

DIXIE'S LAND, the land of milk and honey to American negroes. Dixie was a slave-holder of Manhattan Island, who removed his slaves to the Southern States, where they had to work harder and fare worse; so that they were always sighing for their old home, which they called "Dixie's Land." Imagination and distance soon advanced this island into a sort of Delectable Country or land of Beulah.

This is but one of many explanations given of the origin of a phrase that, during the Civil War (1861-1865) came to be applied to the Seceding States. The song "Dixie's Land" was supposed to be sung by exiles from the region south of Mason and Dixon's line.

"Away down South in Dixie,
I wish I were in Dixie,
In Dixie's Land
I'd take my stand
To live and die in Dixie."

DIXON, servant to Mr. Richard Vere (1 _syl._).--Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).

DIZZY, a nickname of Benjamin Disraeli, earl of Beaconsfield (1804-1881).

DJA'BAL, son of Youssof, a sheikh, and saved by Maä'ni, in the great massacre of the sheikhs by the Knights Hospitallers in the Spo'radês. He resolves to avenge this massacre, and gives out that he is Hakeem', the incarnate god, their founder, returned to earth to avenge their wrongs and lead them back to Syria. His imposture being discovered, he kills himself, but Loys _[Lo'.iss]_, a young Breton count, leads the exiles back to Lebanon. Djabal is Hakeem, the incarnate Dread, The phantasm khalif, king of Prodigies.

Robert Browning, _The Return of the Druses_, i.

DOBBIN _(Captain_, afterwards _Colonel_), son of Sir William Dobbin, a London tradesman. Uncouth, awkward, and tall, with huge feet; but faithful and loving, with a large heart and most delicate appreciation. He is a prince of a fellow, is proud and fond of Captain George Osborne from boyhood to death, and adores Amelia, George's wife. When she has been a widow for some ten years, he marries her.--Thackeray, _Vanity Fair_ (1848).

DOBBS'S HORSE, Charley Dobbs, setting off to California, gives his best friend Theophilus an order for "a good sound family horse, not young, but the safer for all that," that had once belonged to his mother. He is boarding the creature on a farm in Westchester County, and his friend is welcome to the use of him.

Dobbs's Horse is the skeleton in the household in many a sense of the word. He refuses to be fattened: he balks; he has colic and spasms; he lies down in harness; he impales himself upon a broken rail; he keels over upon the grass, whizzing like a capsized engine; he bites himself--and has driven the family to the verge of insanity when Dobbs returns and upon beholding the "noble old fellow," shouts that they have the wrong horse! "This is one I sold long ago for fifteen dollars!"--Mary Mapes Dodge, _Theophilus and Others_ (1876).

DOBBINS _(Humphrey)_, the confidential servant of Sir Robert Bramble of Blackberry Hall, in the county of Kent. A blunt old retainer, most devoted to his master. Under a rough exterior he concealed a heart brimful of kindness, and so tender that a word would melt it.--George Colman, _The Poor Gentleman_ (1802).

DOBU'NI, called _Bodu'ni_ by Dio; the people of Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire. Drayton refers to them in his _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).

DOCTOR (_The_), a romance by Souther. The doctor's name is Dove, and his horse "Nobbs."

_Doctor_ (_The Admirable_), Roger Bacon (1214-1292).

_The Angelic Doctor_, Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274), "fifth doctor of the Church."

_The Authentic Doctor_, Geogory of Rimini (_-1357).

_The Divine Doctor_, Jean Ruysbroek (1294-1381).

_The Dulcifluous Doctor_, Antonio Andreas, (_-1320).

_The Ecstatic Doctor_, Jean Ruysbroek (1294-1381).

_The Eloquent Doctor_, Peter Aureolus, archbishop of Aix (fourteenth century).

_The Evangelical Doctor_, J. Wycliffe (1324-1384).

_The Illuminated Doctor_, Raymond Lully (1235-1315), or _Most Enlightened Doctor_.

_The Invincible Doctor_, William Occam (1276-1347).

_The Irrefragable Doctor_, Alexander Hales (_-1245.)

_The Mellifluous Doctor_, St. Bernard (1091-1153).

_The Most Christian Doctor_, Jean de Gerson (1363-1429).

_The Most Methodical Doctor_, John Bassol(_-1347).

_The Most Profound Doctor_, Ægidius de Columna (_-1316).

_The Most Resolute Doctor_, Durand de St. Pourçain (1267-1332).

_The Perspicuous Doctor_, Walter Burley (fourteenth century).

_The Profound Doctor_, Thomas Bradwardine (_-1349).

_The Scholastic Doctor_, Anselm of Laon (1050-1117).

_The Seraphic Doctor_, St. Bonaventura (1211-1274).

_The Solemn Doctor_, Henry Goethals (1227-1293).

_The Solid Doctor_, Richard Middleton (_-1304).

_The Subtle Doctor_, Duns Scotus (1265-1308), or _Most Subtle Doctor_.

_The Thorough Doctor_, William Varro (thirteenth century).

_The Universal Doctor_, Alain de Lille (1114-1203); Thomas Aquinas, (1224-1274).

_The Venerable Doctor_, William de Champeaux (_-1126).

_The Well-founded Doctor_, Ægidius Romanus (_-1316).

_The Wise Doctor_, John Herman Wessel (1409-1489).

_The Wonderful Doctor_, Roger Bacon (1214-1292).

DOCTOR'S TALE _(The)_, in Chaucer's _Canterbury Tales_, is the Roman story of Virginius given by Livy. This story is told in French in the _Roman de la Rose_, ii. 74, and by Gower in his _Confessio Amantis_, vii. It has furnished the subject of a host of tragedies: for example, in _French_, Mairét (1628); Leclerc (1645); Campestron (1683); Chabenon (1769); Laharpe (1786); Leblanc de Guillet (1786); Guiraud (1827); Latour St. Ybars (1845). In _Italian_, Alfieri (1784); in _German_, Lessing (1775); and in _English_, Knowles, (1829).

DOCTOR'S WIFE _(The,)_ a novel by Miss Braddon, adapted from _Madam Bovary_, a French novel.

DOCTORS OF THE CHURCH. The _Greek_ Church recognizes four doctors, viz., St. Athanasius, St. Basil, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. John Chrysostom. The _Latin_ Church recognizes St. Augustin, St. Jerome, St. Ambrose and St. Gregory _the Great_.

DODGER _(The Artful_), the sobriquet of Jack Dawkins, an artful thievish young scamp, in the boy crew of Fagin the Jew villain.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_, viii. (1837).

DODINGTON, whom Thomson invokes in his _Summer_, is George Bubb Dodington, lord Melcomb-Regis, a British statesman. Churchill and Pope ridiculed him, while Hogarth introduced him in his picture called the "Orders of Periwigs."

DOD'IPOL, _(Dr.)_, any man of weak intellect, a dotard. Hence the proverb, _Wise as Dr. Dodipoll_, meaning "_not wise at all._"

DODON or rather DODOENS _(Rembert)_ a Dutch botanist (1517-1585), physician to the emperors Maximilian II. and Rudolph II. His works are _Frumentomm et Leguminum Historia; Florum Historia; Purgantium Radicum Herbarum Historia; Stirpium Historia_; all included under the general title of "The History of Plants."

"Of these most helpful herbs yet tell we but few,
To those unnumbered sorts, of simples here that grew,
Which justly to set down ee'n Dodon short doth fall."

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xiii. (1613)

DO'DONA in (Epiros), famous for the most ancient oracle in Greece. The responses were made by an old woman called a _pigeon_, because the Greek word _pelioe_ means either old "women" or "pigeons." According to fable, Zeus, gave his daughter Thebê two black pigeons endowed with the gift of human speech: one flew into Libya, and gave the responses in the temple of Ammon: the other into Epiros, where it gave the responses in Dodona.

We are told that the priestess of Dodona derived her answers from the cooing of the sacred doves, the rustling of the sacred trees, the bubbling of the sacred fountain and the tinkling of bells or pieces of metal suspended among the branches of the trees.

And Dodona's oak swang lonely,
Henceforth to the tempest only.

Mrs. Browning, _Dead Pan_, 17.

DODS (_Meg_), landlady of the Clachan or Mowbery Arms inn at St. Ronan's Old Town. The inn was once the manse, and Meg Dods reigned there despotically, but her wines were good and her cuisine excellent. This is one of the best low comic characters in the whole range of fiction.

She had hair of a brindled color, betwixt
black and grey, which was apt to escape in elf-locks
from under her mutch when she was thrown
into violent agitation; long skinny hands terminated
by stout talons, grey eyes, thin lips, a robust
person, a broad though fat chest, capital
wind, and a voice that could match a choir of
fishwomen.--Sir W. Scott. _St. Ronan's Well_, i
(time George III.).

(So good a housewife was this eccentric landlady, that a cookery-book has been published bearing her name; the authoress is Mrs. Johnstone, a Scotchwoman.)