Chapter XXIV: Book I: The escape from Troy; Æneas and his son, driven by a tempest (23)

ESSEX (_The earl of_), a tragedy by Henry Jones (1745.) Lord Burleigh and Sir Walter Raleigh entertained a mortal hatred of the earl of Essex, and accused him to the queen of treason. Elizabeth disbelieved the charge; but at this juncture the earl left Ireland, whither the queen had sent him, and presented himself before her. She was very angry, and struck him, and Essex rushed into open rebellion, was taken, and condemned to death. The queen had given him a ring before the trial, telling him whatever petition he asked should be granted, if he sent to her this ring. When the time of execution drew nigh, the queen sent the countess of Nottingham to the Tower, to ask Essex if he had any plea to make. The earl entreated her to present the ring to her majesty, and petition her to spare the life of his friend Southampton. The countess purposely neglected this charge, and Essex was executed. The queen, it is true, sent a reprieve, but Lord Burleigh took care it should arrive too late. The poet says that Essex had recently married the countess of Rutland, that both the queen and the countess of Nottingham were jealous, and that this jealousy was the chief cause of the earl's death.

The Abbè Boyer, La Calprènede, and Th. Corneille have tragedies on the some subject.

_Essex_ (_The earl of_), lord high constable of England, introduced by Sir W. Scott in his novel called _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

ESTEL'LA, a haughty beauty, adopted by Miss Havisham. She was affianced by her wish to Pip, but married Bentley Drummle.--C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).

ESTHER, housekeeper to Muhldenau, minister of Mariendorpt. She loves Hans, a servant to the minister, but Hans is shy, and Esther has to teach him how to woo and win her. Esther and Hans are similar to Helen and Modus, only in lower social grade.--S. Knowles, _The Maid of Mariendorpt_ (1838).

ESTHER HAWDON, better known through the tale as Esther Summerson, natural daughter of Captain Hawdon and Lady Dedlock (before her marriage with Sir Leicester Dedlock). Esther is a most lovable, gentle creature, called by those who know and love her, "Dame Durden" or "Dame Trot." She is the heroine of the tale, and a ward in Chancery. Eventually she marries Allan Woodcourt, a surgeon.--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1852).

ESTHER _Bush_: Wife of the squatter Ishmael Bush. Loud-voiced, sharp of temper and hard of hand, yet loyal in her way to husband and children.--James Fennimore Cooper, _The Prairie_, (1827).

_Esther_ (_Queen_), Indian monarch who, during the Wyoming massacre, dashes out the brains of sixteen prisoners with her own hands, as a sacrifice to the manes of her son. Queen Esther's Rock is still shown to travelers.--Ann Sophia Stevens, _Mary Derwent_ (1845).

ESTIFA'NIA, an intriguing woman, servant of donna Margaritta, the Spanish heiress. She palms herself off on Don Michael Perez (the copper captain) as an heiress, and the mistress of Margaritta's mansion. The captain marries her, and finds out that all her swans are only geese.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Rule a Wife and Have a Wife_ (1640).

EST-IL-POSSSIBLE? A nickname given to George of Denmark (Queen Anne's husband), because his general remark to the most startling announcement was, _Est-il possible?_ With this exclamation he exhausted the vials of his wrath. It was James II. who gave him the sobriquet.

EST'MERE (_2 syl_.), king of England. He went with his younger brother Adler to the court of King Adlands, to crave his daughter in marriage; but King Adlands replied that Bremor, the sowdan, or sultan of Spain, had forestalled him. However, the lady, being consulted, gave her voice in favor of the king of England. While Estmere and his brother went to make preparations for the wedding, the "sowdan" arrived, and demanded the lady to wife. A messenger was immediately despatched to inform Estmere, and the two brothers returned, disguised as a _harper and his boy_. They gained entrance into the palace, and Adler sang, saying, "O ladye, this is thy owne true love; no harper, but a king;" and then drawing his sword he slew the "sowdan," Estmere at the same time chasing from the hall the "kempery men." Being now master of the position, Estmere took "the ladye faire," made her his wife, and brought her home to England.--Percy, _Reliques_, 1. i. 5.

ESTRILDIS OR ELSTRED, daughter of the Emperor of Germany. She was taken captive in war by Locrin (king of Britain), by whom she became the mother of Sabrin or Sabre. Gwendolen, the wife of Locrin, feeling insulted by this liaison, slew her husband, and had Estrildis and her daughter thrown into a river, since called the Sabri'na or Severn.--Geoffrey, _British History_, ii. 2, etc.

ESTWICKE (_John_), hero of Charles Egbert Craddock's book, _Where the Battle was Fought_ (1884). His real name was John Fortescue.

ETE'OCLES AND POLYNI'CES, the two sons Oe'dipos. After the expulsion of their father, these two young princes agreed to reign alternate years in Thebes. Eteoclês, being the elder, took the first turn, but at the close of the year refused to resign the sceptre to his brother; whereupon Polynicês, aided by six other chiefs, laid seige to the city. The two brothers met in combat, and each was slain by the other's hand.

A similar fratricidal struggle is told of Don Pedro of Castile and his half-brother Don Henry. When Don Pedro had estranged the Castilians by his cruelty, Don Henry invaded Castile with a body of French auxiliaries, and took his brother prisoner. Don Henry visited him in prison, and the two brothers fell on each other like lions. Henry wounded Pedro in the face, but fell over a bench, when Pedro seized him. At that moment a Frenchman seized Pedro by the leg, tossed him over, and Henry slew him.--Menard, _History of Du Gueselin._

ETHAN (_Allen_). He gives under his own hand the history of the capture of Ticonderoga, May 10, 1775, and corroborates the popular story that he demanded the surrender of the fortress, "_In the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress!_" _Allen's Narrative of Captivity_ (1779).

ETH'ELBERT, king of Kent, and the first of the Anglo-Saxon kings who was a Christian. He persuaded Gregory to send over Augustine to convert the English to "the true faith" (596), and built St. Paul's, London.--Ethelwerd's _Chronicle_, ii.

Good Ethelbert of Kent, first christened English king.
To preach the faith of Christ was first did hither bring
Wise Au'gustine the monk, from holy Gregory sent...
That mighty fane to Paul in London did erect.

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xi. (1613).

ETH'ERINGTON (_The late earl of_) father of Tyrrel and Bulmer.

_The titular earl of Etherington_, his successor to the title and estates.

_Marie de Martigny_ (_La comtesse_), wife of the titular earl of Etherington.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.).

ETHIOPIANS, the same as Abassinians. The Arabians call these people El-habasen or Al-habasen, whence our Abassins, but they call themselves Ithiopians or Ethiopians.--Seldon, _Titles of Honor_, vi. 64.

Where the Abassin kings their issue guard,
Mount Amara.

Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iv. 280 (1665).

ETHIOP'S QUEEN, referred to by Milton in his _Il Penseroso_, was Cassiope'a, wife of Ce'pheus (_2 syl_.) king of Ethiopia. Boasting that she was fairer than the sea-nymphs, she offended the Nereids, who complained to Neptune. Old father Earth-Shaker sent a huge sea-monster to ravage her kingdom for her insolence. At death Cassiopea was made a constellation of thirteen stars.

... that starred Ethiop queen that strove
To set her beauty's praise above
The sea-nymphs, and their powers offended.

Milton, _Il Penseroso_, 19 (1638).

ETHNIC PLOT. The "Popish Plot" is so called in Dryden's satire of _Absalom and Achitophel._ As Dryden calls the royalists "Jews," and calls Charles II. "David, king of the Jews," the papists were "Gentiles" (or _Ethnoi_), whence the "Ethnic Plot" means the plot of the Ethnoi against the people of God.--Pt. i. (1681).

ETIQUETTE (_Madame_), the Duchesse de Noailles, grand mistress of the ceremonies in the court of Marie Antoinette; so called from her rigid enforcement of all the formalities and ceremonies of the _ancien régime._

ETNA. Zens buried under this mountain Enkel'ados, one of the hundred-handed giants.

The whole land weighed him down, as Etna does
The giant of mythology.

Tennyson, _The Golden Supper_.

ETTEILLA, the pseudonym of Alliette (spelt backwards), a perruquier and diviner of the eighteenth century. He became a professed cabalist, and was visited in his studio in the Hôtel de Crillon (Rue de la Verrerie) by all those who desired to unroll the Book of Fate. In 1783 he published _Manière de se Récréer avec le Jeu de Cartes nommées Tarots_. In the British Museum are some divination cards published in Paris in the first half of the nineteenth century, called _Grand Etteilla_ and _Petit Etteilla_, each pack being accompanied with a book of explication and instruction.

ETTERCAP, an ill-tempered person, who mars sociability. The ettercap is the poison-spider, and should be spelt "Attercop." (The Anglo-Saxon, _atter-cop_, poison-spider.)

O sirs, was sic difference seen
As 'twix wee Will and Tam,
The ane's a perfect ettercap,
The ither's just a lamb.
W. Miller, _Nursery Songs_.

ETTRICK SHEPHERD _(The)_, James Hogg, the Scotch Poet., who was born in the forest of Ettrick, in Selkirkshire, and was in early life a shepherd (1772-1835).

ETTY'S NINE PICTURES, "the Combat," the three "Judith" pictures, "Benaiah," "Ulysses and the Syrens," and the three pictures of "Joan of Arc."

"My aim," says Etty, "in all my great
pictures has been to paint some great moral on
the heart. 'The Combat' represents _the beauty
of mercy_; the three 'Judith' pictures, _patriotism_
[1, _self-devotion to God; 2, self-devotion to man_; 3,
_self-devotion to country_;] 'Benaiah, David's chief
captain,' represents _valor_; 'Ulysses and the
Syrens,' _sensual delights_ or _the wages of sin is
death_; and the three pictures of 'Joan of Arc'
depict _religion, loyalty_ and _patriotism_. In all,
nine in number, as it was my desire to paint
three."--William Etty, of York (1787-1849).

ET'ZEL or EZZEL _(i.e. Attila_), king of the Huns, in the songs of the German minnesingers. A ruler over three kingdoms and thirty principalities. His second wife was Kriemhild, the widow of Siegfried. In pt ii. of the _Niebelungen Lied_, he sees his sons and liegemen struck down without making the least effort to save them, and is as unlike the Attila of history as a "hector" is to the noble Trojan "the protector of mankind."

EU'CHARIS, one of the nymphs of Calypso, with whom Telemachos was deeply smitten. Mentor, knowing his love was sensual love, hurried him away from the island. He afterwards fell in love with Anti'ope, and Mentor approved his choice.--Fenelon, _Télémaque_, vii. (1700).

Eucharis is meant for Mdlle. de Fontange, maid of honor to Mde. de Montespan. For a few months she was a favorite with Louis XIV., but losing her good looks she was discarded, and died at the age of 20. She used to dress her hair with streaming ribbons, and hence this style of head-gear was called _à la Fontange_.

EU'CLIO, a penurious old hunks.--Plautus, _Aulularia_.

Now you must explain all this to me, unless
you would have me use you as ill as Euclio does
Staphy'la--Sir W. Scott.

EU'CRATES (3 _syl_.), the miller, and one of the archons of Athens. A shuffling fellow, always evading his duty and breaking his promise; hence the Latin proverb:

Vias novit quibus effugiat Eucrates ("He has
more shifts than Eucrates").

EUDO'CIA (_4 syl_.), daughter of Eu'menês, governor of Damascus. Pho'cyas, general of the Syrian forces, being in love with her, asks the consent of Eumenês, and is refused. In revenge, he goes over to the Arabs, who are beseiging Damascus. Eudocia is taken captive, but refuses to wed a traitor. At the end, Pho'cyas dies, and Eudocia retires into a nunnery.--John Hughes, _The Siege of Damascus_ (1720).

EUDON (_Count_) of Catabria. A baron favorable to the Moors, "too weak-minded to be independent." When the Spaniards rose up against the Moors, the first order of the Moorish chief was this: "Strike off Count Eudon's head: the fear which brought him to our camp will bring him else in arms against us now" (ch. xxv.). Southey, _Roderick, etc_., xiii. (1814).

EUDOX'IA, wife of the Emperor Valentin'ian. Petro'nius Max'imus "poisoned" the emperor, and the empress killed Maximus.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Valentinian_ (1617).

EUGENE _(Aram)._ Scholarly man of high ideals, who has committed a murder, and hides the knowledge of it from all. He is finally hunted down.--Lord Lytton, _Eugene Aram_.

EUGE'NIA, called "Silence" and the "Unknown." She was the wife of Count de Valmont, and mother of Florian, "the foundling of the forest." In order to come into the property, Baron Longueville used every endeavor to kill Eugenia and Florian, but all his attemps were abortive, and his villainy at length was brought to light.--W. Dimond, _The Foundling of the Forest._

EUGÉNIE _(Lalande)._ The marvellously well-preserved great-grandmother of a near-sighted youth who addresses and marries her. She reveals the trick that has been played on him by presenting him with a pair of eye-glasses.--Edgar Allan Poe, _The Spectacles_.

EUGENIO, a young gentleman who turned goat-herd, because Leandra jilted him and eloped with a heartless adventurer named Vincent de la Rosa.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote, I_. iv. 20 ("The Goatherd's Story," 1605).

EUGENIUS, the friend and wise counsellor of Yorick. John Hall Stevenson was the original of this character.--Sterne, _Tristram Shandy_ (1759).

EUHE'MEROS a Sicilian Greek, who wrote a _Sacred History_ to explain the historical or allegorical character of the Greek and Latin mythologies.

One could wish Euhêmeros had never been born. It was he that spoilt [_the old myths_] first.--Ouidà, _Ariadnê_, i.1.

EULENSPIEGEL _(Tyll), i.e._ "Tyll Owl-glass," of Brunswick. A man who runs through the world as charlatan, fool, lansquenet, domestic servant, artist, and Jack-of-all-trades. He undertakes anything, but rejoices in cheating those who employ him; he parodies proverbs, rejoices in mischief, and is brimful of pranks and drolleries. Whether Uulenspiegel was a real character or not is a matter of dispute, but by many the authorship of the book recording his jokes is attributed to the famous German satirist, Thomas Murner.

In the English versions of the story he is called _Howle-glass._

To few mortals has it been granted to earn such a place in universal history as Tyll Eulenspiegel. Now, after five centuries, his native village is pointed out with pride to the traveller.--Carlyle.

EUMÆOS (in Latin, _Eumoes_), the slave and swine-herd of Ulysses, hence any swine-herd.

EU'MENES (_3 syl._), Governor of Damascus, and father of Eudo'cia.--John Hughes, _Siege of Damascus_ (1720).

EUMNES'TES, Memory personified. Spenser says he is an old man, decrepit and half blind. He was waited on by a boy named Anamnestês. [Greek, _eumnêstis_, "good memory," _anamnêstis_, "research."--_Faëry Queen_, ii. 9 (1590).]

EUNICE (_Alias "Nixey_"). A friendless, ignorant girl, who bears an illegitimate child, while almost a child herself. She is taken from the street by a Christian woman and taught true purity and virtue.

In her horror at the discovery of the foulness of the sin, she vows herself to the life of an uncloistered nun. Her death in a thunderstorm is translation rather than dissolution.--Elizabeth Stuart Phelps _Hedged In_ (1870).

EUPHRA'SIA, daughter of Lord Dion, a character resembling "Viola" in Shakespeare's _Twelfth Night_. Being in love with Prince Philaster, she assumes boy's attire, calls herself "Bellario," and enters the prince's service. Philaster transfers Bellario to the Princess Arethusa, and then grows jealous of the lady's love for her tender page. The sex of Bellario being discovered, shows the groundlessness of this jealousy.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Philaster_ or _Love Lies A-bleeding_ (1608).

_Euphra'sia_, "the Grecian daughter," was daughter of Evander, the old king of Syracuse (dethroned by Dionysius, and kept prisoner in a dungeon on the summit of a rock). She was the wife of Phocion, who had fled from Syracuse to save their infant son. Euphrasia, having gained admission to the dungeon where her aged father was dying from starvation, "fostered him at her breast by the milk designed for her own babe, and thus the father found a parent in the child." When Timoleon took Syracuse, Dionysius was about to stab Evander, but Euphrasia, rushing forward, struck the tyrant dead upon the spot.--A. Murphy, _The Grecian Daughter_ (1772).

The same tale is told-of Xantippê, who preserved the life of her father Cimo'nos in prison. The guard, astonished that the old man held out so long, set a watch and discovered the secret.

There is a dungeon, in whose dim drear light
What do I gaze on!...
An old man, and a female young and fair,
Fresh as a nursing mother, in whose veins

The blood is nectar ...
Here youth offers to old age the food,
The milk of his own gift.... It is her sire,
To whom she renders back the debt of blood.

Byron, _Childe Harold_, iv. 148 (1817).

EU'PHRASY, the herb eye-bright; so called because it was once supposed to be efficacious in clearing the organs of sight. Hence the archangel Michael purged the eyes of Adam with it, to enable him to see into the distant future.--See Milton, _Paradise Lost_, xi. 414-421 (1665).

EU'PHUES (3 _syll_), the chief character in John Lilly's _Euphuês or The Anatomy of Wit_, and _Euphues and his England_. He is an Athenian gentleman, distinguished for his elegance, wit, love-making, and roving habits. Shakespeare borrowed his "government of the bees" _(Henry V_. act i. sc. 2) from Lilly. Euphuês was designed to exhibit the style affected by the gallants of England in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Thomas Lodge wrote a novel in a similar style, called _Euphues' Golden Legacy_ (1590).

"The commonwealth of your bees," replied
Euphuês, "did so delight me that I was not a
little sorry that either their estates have not been
longer, or your leisure more; for, in my simple
judgment, there was such an orderly government
that men may not be ashamed to imitate it."

J. Lilly, _Euphues_ (1581).

(The romances of Calprenéde and Scudéri bear the same relation to the jargon of Louis XIV., as the _Euphues_ of Lilly to that of Queen Elizabeth.)

EURE'KA! or rather HEUKE'KA! ("I have discovered it!") The exclamation of Archime'des, the Syracusan philosopher, when he found out how to test the purity of Hi'ero's crown.

The tale is, that Hiero suspected that a craftsman to whom he had given a certain weight of gold to make into a crown had alloyed the metal, and he asked Archimedês to ascertain if his suspicion was well founded. The philosopher, getting into his bath, observed that the water ran over, and it flashed into his mind that his body displaced its own bulk of water. Now, suppose Hiero gave the goldsmith 1 lb. of gold, and the crown weighed 1 lb., it is manifest that if the crown was pure gold, both ought to displace the same quantity of water; but they did not do so, and therefore the gold had been tampered with. Archimedes next immersed in water 1 lb. of silver, and the difference of water displaced soon gave the clue to the amount of alloy introduced by the artificer.

Vitruvius says: "When the idea occurred to
the philosopher, he jumped out of his bath, and
without waiting to put on his clothes, he ran
home, exclaiming, '_Heureka! heureka!_'"

EURO'PA. _The Fight at Dame Europa's School_, written by the Rev. H.W. Pullen, minor canon of Salisbury Cathedral. A skit on the Franco-Prussian war (1870-1871).

EUROPE'S LIBERATOR. So Wellington was called after the overthrow of Bonaparte (1769-1852).

Oh, Wellington ... called "Saviour of the Nations"
And "Europe's Liberator."

Byron, _Don Juan_, ix. 5 (1824).

EU'RUS, the east wind; Zephyr, the west wind; No'tus, the south wind; Bo'reas, the north wind. Eurus, in Italian, is called the Lev'ant ("rising of the sun"), and Zephyr is called Po'nent, ("setting of the sun ").

Forth rush the Levant and the Ponent winds--
Eurus and Zephyr.

Milton, _Paradise Lost_, x. 705 (1665).

EURYD'ICE (_4 syl_.), the wife of Orpheus, killed by a serpent on her wedding night.

Orpheus went down to Hadês to crave for her restoration to life, and Pluto said she should follow him to earth provided he did not look back. When the poet was stepping on the confines of our earth, he turned to see if Eurydicê´ was following, and just caught a glance of her as she was snatched back into the shades below.

(Pope tells the tale in his Pindaric poem, called _Ode on St. Cecilia's Day_, 1709.)

EURYT'ION, the herdsman of Grer'yon. He never slept day nor night, but walked unceasingly among his herds with his two-headed dog Orthros. "Herculês them all did overcome."--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. 10 (1696).

EUS'TACE, one of the attendants of Sir Reginald Front de Boeuf (a follower of Prince John).--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

_Eustace, (Father)_, or "Father Eustatius," the superior and afterwards abbot of St. Mary's. He was formerly William Allan, and the friend of Henry Warden (afterwards the Protestant preacher).--Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).

_Eustace (Charles)_, a pupil of Ignatius Polyglot. He has been clandestinely married for four years, and has a little son named Frederick. Charles Eustace confides his scrape to Polyglot, and conceals his young wife in the tutor's private room. Polyglot is thought to be a libertine, but the truth comes out, and all parties are reconciled.--J. Poole, _The Scapegoat._

_Eus'tace (Jack)_, the lover of Lucinda, and "a very worthy young fellow," of good character and family. As Justice Woodcock was averse to the marriage, Jack introduced himself as a music-master, and Sir William Meadows, who recognized him, persuaded the justice to consent to the marriage of the young couple. This he was the more ready to do as his sister Deborah said positively he "should not do it."--Is. Bickerstaff, _Love in a Village_.

EVA (_St. Clair_). Lovely child, the daughter of Uncle Tom's master, and Uncle Tom's warm friend.--H.B. Stowe, _Uncle Tom's Cabin_ (1851).

E'VA, daughter of Torquil of the Oak. She is betrothed to Ferquhard Day.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

EVAD'NE (3 _syl._), wife of Kap'aneus (_3 syl_.). She threw herself on the funeral pile of her husband, and was consumed with him.

_Evad'ne_ (3 _syl_.), sister of Melantius. Amintor was compelled by the king to marry her, although he was betrothed to Aspasia (the "maid" whose death forms the tragical event of the drama).--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Maid's Tragedy_ (1610).

The purity of female virtue in Aspasia is well contrasted with the guilty boldness of Evadnê, and the rough soldier-like bearing and manly feeling of Melantius render the selfish sensuality of the king more hateful and disgusting.--R. Chambers, _English Literature_, i. 204.

_Evad'ne_ or The Statue, a drama by Sheil (1820). Ludov'ico, the chief minister of Naples, heads a conspiracy to murder the king and seize the crown; his great stumbling-block is the marquis of Colonna, a high-minded nobleman, who cannot be corrupted. The sister of the marquis is Evadnê (3 _syl_.), plighted to Vicentio. Ludovico's scheme is to get Colonna to murder Vicentio and the king, and then to debauch Evadnê. With this in view, he persuades Vicentio that Evadnê is the king's _fille d'amour_, and that she marries him merely as a flimsy cloak, but he adds "Never mind, it will make your fortune." The proud Neapolitan is disgusted, and flings off Evadnê as a viper. Her brother is indignant, challenges the troth-plight lover to a duel, and Vicentio falls. Ludovico now irritates Colonna by talking of the king's amour, and induces him to invite the king to a banquet and then murder him. The king goes to the banquet, and Evadnê shows him the statues of the Colonna family, and amongst them one of her own father, who at the battle of Milan had saved the king's life by his own. The king is struck with remorse, but at this moment Ludovico enters and the king conceals himself behind the statue. Colonna tells the traitor minister the deed is done, and Ludovico orders his instant arrest, gibes him as his dupe, and exclaims, "Now I am king indeed!" At this moment the king comes forward, releases Colonna, and orders Ludovico to be arrested. The traitor draws his sword, and Colonna kills him. Vicentio now enters, tells how his ear has been abused, and marries Evadnê.

EVAN DHU OF LOCHIEL, a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

EVAN DHU M'COMBICH, the foster-brother of M'Ivor.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

EVANDALE (_The Right Hon. W. Maxwell, lord_), in the royal army under the duke of Monmouth. He is a suitor of Edith Bellenden, the granddaughter of Lady Margaret Bellenden, of the Tower of Tillietudlem.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

EVAN'DER, the "good old king of Syracuse," dethroned by Dionysius the Younger. Evander had dethroned the elder Dionysius "and sent him for vile subsistence, a wandering sophist through the realms of Greece." He was the father of Euphrasia, and was kept in a dungeon on the top of a rock, where he would have been starved to death, if Euphrasia had not nourished him with "the milk designed for her own babe." When Syracuse was taken by Timoleon, Dionysius by accident came upon Evander, and would have killed him, but Euphrasia rushed forward and stabbed the tryant to the heart.--A. Murphy, _The Grecian Daughter_ (1772). See ERRORS OF AUTHORS, "Dionysius."

Mr. Bently, May 6, 1796, took leave of the stage in the character of "Evander."--W.C. Russell, _Representative Actors_, 426.

EVANGELIC DOCTOR _(The)_, John Wycliffe, "the Morning Star of the Reformation" (1324-1384).

EVANGELINE, the heroine and title of a tale in hexameter verse by Longfellow, in two parts. Evangeline was the daughter of Benedict Bellefontaine, the richest farmer of Acadia (now _Nova Scotia_). At the age of 17 she was legally betrothed by the notary-public to Gabriel, son of Basil the blacksmith, but next day all the colony was exiled by the order of George II., and their houses, cattle, and lands were confiscated. Gabriel and Evangeline were parted, and now began the troubles of her life. She wandered from place to place to find her betrothed. Basil had settled at Louisiana, but when Evangeline reached the place, Gabriel had just left; she then went to the prairies, to Michigan, and so on, but at every place she was just too late to meet him. At length, grown old in this hopeless search, she went to Philadelphia and became a sister of mercy. The plague broke out in the city, and as she visited the almshouse she saw an old man smitten down with the pestilence. It was Gabriel. He tried to whisper her name, but death closed his lips. He was buried, and Evangeline lies beside him in the grave.

(Longfellow's _Evangeline_ (1849) has many points of close similitude with Campbell's tale of _Gertrude of Wyoming_, 1809).

EVANS (_Sir Hugh_), a pedantic Welsh parson and schoolmaster of extraordinary simplicity and native shrewdness.--Shakespeare, _The Merry Wives of Windsor_ (1601).

The reader may cry out with honest Sir Hugh Evans, "I like not when a 'ooman has a great peard."--Macaulay.

Henderson says: "I have seen John Edwin, in 'Sir Hugh Evans,' when preparing for the duel, keep the house in an ecstasy of merriment for many minutes together without speaking a word" (1750-1790).

_Evans_ (_William_), the giant porter of Charles I. He carried Sir Geoffrey Hudson about in his pocket. Evans was eight feet in height, and Hudson only eighteen inches. Fuller mentions this giant amongst his _Worthies_.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

EVAN'THE (3 _syl_.), sister of Sora'no, the wicked instrument of Frederick, duke of Naples, and the chaste wife of Valerio.

The duke tried to seduce her, but failing in this scandalous attempt, offered to give her to any one for a month, at the end of which time the libertine was to suffer death. No one would accept the offer, and ultimately Evanthê was restored to her husband.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _A Wife for a Month_ (1624).

EVE (_1 syl_), or Havah, the "mother of all living" (_Gen_. iii. 20). Before the expulsion from paradise her name was Ishah, because she was taken out of _ish, i.e._ "man" (_Gen_. ii. 23).

Eve was of such gigantic stature that when she laid her head on one hill near Mecca, her knees rested on two other hills in the plain, about two gun-shots asunder. Adam was as tall as a palm tree.--Moncony, _Voyage_, i. 372, etc.

EV'ELI'NA (_4 syl_.), the heroine of a novel so called by Miss Burney (afterwards Mme. D'Arblay). Evelina marries Lord Orville (1778).

EVELYN (_Alfred_), the secretary and relative of Sir John Vesey. He made Sir John's speeches, wrote his pamphlets, got together his facts, mended his pens, and received no salary. Evelyn loved Clara Douglas, a dependent of Lady Franklin, but she was poor also, and declined to marry him. Scarcely had she refused him, when he was left an immense fortune and proposed to Georgina Vesey. What little heart Georgina had was given to Sir Frederick Blount, but the great fortune of Evelyn made her waver; however, being told that Evelyn's property was insecure, she married Frederick, and left Evelyn free to marry Clara.--Lord E. Bulwer Lytton, _Money_ (1840).

_Evelyn_ (_Sir George_) a man of fortune, family, and character, in love with Dorrillon, whom he marries.--Mrs. Inchbald, _Wives as they Were and Maids as they Are_ (1795).

EVERARD (_Colonel Markham_), of the Commonwealth party.

_Master Everard_, the colonel's father.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, commonwealth).

EV'ERETT (_Master_), a hired witness of the "Popish Plot."--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

EVERY MAN IN HIS HUMOR, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1598). The original play was altered by David Garrick. The persons to whom the title of the drama apply are: "Captain Bobadil," whose humor is bragging of his brave deeds and military courage--he is thrashed as a coward by Downright; "Kitely," whose humor is jealousy of his wife--he is befooled and cured by a trick played on him by Brain-worm; "Stephen," whose humor is verdant stupidity--he is played on by every one; "Kno'well," whose humor is suspicion of his son Edward, which turns out to be all moonshine; "Dame Kitely," whose humor is jealousy of her husband, but she (like her husband) is cured by a trick devised by Brain worm. Every man in his humor is liable to be duped thereby, for his humor is the "Achilles' heel" of his character.

EVERY MAN OUT OF HIS HUMOR, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1599).

EVERY ONE HAS HIS FAULT, a comedy by Mrs. Inchbald (1794). By the fault of rigid pride, Lord Norland discarded his daughter, Lady Eleanor, because she married against his consent. By the fault of gallantry and defect of due courtesy to his wife, Sir Robert Ramble drove Lady Ramble into a divorce. By the fault of irresolution, "Shall I marry or shall I not!" Solus remained a miserable bachelor, pining for a wife and domestic joys. By the fault of deficient spirit and manliness, Mr. Placid was a hen-pecked husband. By the fault of marrying without the consent of his wife's friends, Mr. Irwin was reduced to poverty and even crime. Harmony healed these faults; Lord Norland received his daughter into favor; Sir Robert Ramble took back his wife; Solus married Miss Spinster; Mr. Placid assumed the rights of the head of the family; and Mr. Irwin, being accepted as the son-in-law of Lord Norland, was raised from indigence to domestic comfort.

EVIOT, page to Sir John Ramorny (master of the horse to Prince Robert of Scotland).--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

EVIR-ALLEN, the white-armed daughter of Branno, an Irishman. "A thousand heroes sought the maid; she refused her love to a thousand. The sons of the sword were despised, for graceful in her eyes was Ossian." This Evir-Allen was the mother of Oscar, Fingal's grandson, but she was not alive when Fingal went to Ireland to assist Cormac against the invading Norsemen, which forms the subject of the poem called _Fingal_, in six books.--Ossian, _Fingal_, iv.

EW'AIN _(Sir)_, son of King Vrience and Morgan le Fay (Arthur's half-sister).--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 72 (1470).

EWAN OF BRIGGLANDS, a horse soldier in the army of Montrose.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).

EWART (_Nanty i.e._ Anthony), captain of the smuggler's brig. Sir W. Scott _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

EXCAL'IBUR, King Arthur's famous swords. There seems to have been two of his swords so called. One was the sword sheathed in stone, which no one could draw thence, save he who was to be king of the land. Above 200 knights tried to release it, but failed; Arthur alone could draw it with ease, and thus proved his right of succession (pt. i. 3). In ch. 7 this sword is called Excalibur, and is said to have been so bright "that it gave light like thirty torches." After his fight with Pellinore, the king said to Merlin he had no sword, and Merlin took him to a lake, and Arthur saw an arm "clothed in white samite, that held a fair sword in the hand." Presently the Lady of the Lake appeared, and Arthur begged that he might have the sword, and the lady told him to go and fetch it. When he came to it he took it, "and the arm and hand went under the water again." This is the sword generally called Excalibur. When about to die, King Arthur sent an attendant to cast the sword back again into the lake, and again the hand "clothed in white samite" appeared, caught it, and disappeared (ch. 23).--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 3, 23 (1470).

King Arthur's sword, Excalibur,
Wrought by the lonely maiden of the lake;
Nine years she wrought it, sitting in the deeps,
Upon the hidden bases of the hills.

Tennyson, _Morte d'Arthur_.

_Excalibur's Sheath_. "Sir," said Merlin, "look that ye keep well the scabbard of Excalibur, for ye shall lose no blood as long as ye have the scabbard upon you, though ye have never so many wounds."--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 36 (1470).

EXECUTIONER (_No_). When Francis, viscount d'Aspremont, governor of Bayonne, was commanded by Charles IX. of France to massacre the Huguenots, he replied, "Sire, there are many under my government devoted to your majesty, but not a single executioner."

EXHAUSTED WORLDS ... Dr. Johnson, in the prologue spoken by Garrick at the opening of Drury Lane, in 1747, says of Shakespeare:

Each change of many-colored life he drew?
Exhausted worlds, and then imagined new.

EXTERMINATOR (_The_), Montbars, chief of a set of filibusters in the seventeenth century. He was a native of Languedoc, and conceived an intense hatred against the Spaniards on reading of their cruelties in the New World. Embarking at Havre, in 1667, Montbars attacked the Spaniards in the Antilles and in Honduras, took from them Vera Cruz and Carthagena, and slew them most mercilessly wherever he encountered them (1645-1707).

EYE. _Terrible as the eye of Vathek_. One of the eyes of this caliph was so terrible in anger that those died who ventured to look thereon, and had he given way to his wrath, he would have depopulated his whole dominion.--W. Beckford, _Vathek_ (1784).

EYED _(One-)_ people. The Arimaspians of Scythia were a one-eyed people.

The Cyclops were giants with only one eye, and that in the middle of the forehead.

Tartaro, in Basque legends, was a one-eyed giant. Sindbad the sailor, in his third voyage, was cast on an island inhabited by one-eyed giants.

EYRE _(Jane)_, a governess, who stoutly copes with adverse circumstances, and ultimately marries a used-up man of fortune, in whom the germs of good feeling and sound sense were only exhausted, and not destroyed.--Charlotte Bronté, _Jane Eyre_ (1847).

EZ'ZELIN _(Sir)_, the gentleman who recognizes Lara at the table of Lord Otho, and charges him with being Conrad the Corsair. A duel ensues, and Ezzelin is never heard of more. A serf used to say that he saw a huntsman one evening cast a dead body into the river which divided the lands of Otho and Lara, and that there was a star of knighthood on the breast of the corpse.--Byron, _Lara_ (1814).

FAA _(Gabriel)_, nephew of Meg Merrilees. One of the huntsman at Liddesdale.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

FAB'ILA, a king devoted to the chase. One day he encountered a wild boar, and commanded those who rode with him not to interfere, but the boar overthrew him and gored him to death.--_Chronica Antiqua de España_, 121.

FA'BIUS _(The American)_, George Washington (1732-1799).

_Fa'bius (The French)_, Anne, duc de Montmorency, grand-constable of France (1493-1567).

FABRICIUS [_Fa.brish'.e.us_], an old Roman, like Cincinnatus and Curius Dentatus, a type of the rigid purity, frugality, and honesty of the "good old times." Pyrrhus used every effort to corrupt him by bribes, or to terrify him, but in vain. "Excellent Fabricius," cried the Greek, "one might hope to turn the sun from its course as soon as turn Fabricius from the path of duty."

_Fabric'ius_, an author, whose composition was so obscure that Gil Blas could not comprehend the meaning of a single line of his writings. His poetry was verbose fustian, and his prose a maze of far-fetched expressions and perplexed phrases.

FABRIT'IO, a merry soldier, the friend of Captain Jac'omo the woman-hater.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Captain_ (1613).

FACE (1 _syl._), _alias_ "Jeremy," house-servant of Lovewit. During the absence of his master, Face leagues with Subtle (the alchemist) and Dol Common to turn a penny by alchemy, fortune-telling, and magic. Subtle (a beggar who knew something about alchemy) was discovered by Face near Pye Corner. Assuming the philosopher's garb and wand, he called himself "doctor;" Face, arrogating the title of "captain," touted for dupes; while Dol Common kept the house, and aided the other two in their general scheme of deception. On the unexpected return of Lovewit, the whole thing blew up, but Face was forgiven, and continued in his place as house-servant.--Ben Jonson, _The Alchemist_ (1619).

FACTO'TUM (_Johannes_), one employed to do all sorts of work for another; one in whom another confides for all the odds and ends of his household management or business.

He is an absolute Johannes Factotum, at least in his own conceit.--Greene, _Groat's-worth of Wit_ (1692).

FADDLE _(William)_, a "fellow made up of knavery and noise, with scandal for wit and impudence for raillery. He was so needy that the very devil might have bought him for a guinea." Sir Charles Raymond says to him:

"Thy life is a disgrace to humanity. A foolish prodigality makes thee needy; need makes thee vicious; and both make thee contemptible. Thy wit is prostituted to slander and buffoonery; and thy judgment, if thou hast any, to meanness and villainy. Thy betters, that laugh with thee, laugh at thee; and all the varieties of thy life are but pitiful rewards and painful abuses."--Ed. Moore, _The Foundling_, iv. 2 (1748).

FA'DHA _(Ah)_, Mahomet's silver cuirass.

FAD'LADEEN, the great nazir' or chamberlain of Aurungze'bê's harem. He criticises the tales told to Lalla Rookh by a young poet on her way to Delhi, and great was his mortification to find that the poet was the young king his master.

Fadladeen was a judge of everything, from the pencilling of a Circassian's eyelids to the deepest questions of science and literature; from the mixture of a conserve of rose leaves to the composition of an epic poem.--T. Moore, _Lalla Rookh_ (1817).

FADLADIN'IDA, wife of King Chrononhotonthologos. While the king is alive she falls in love with the captive king of the Antip'odês, and at the death of the king, when two suitors arise, she says, "Well, gentlemen, to make matters easy, I'll take you both."--H. Cary, _Chrononhotonthologos_ (a burlesque).

FAËRY QUEEN, a metrical romance, in six books, of twelve cantos each, by Edmund Spenser _(incomplete)._