Chapter XXI: Book I: The escape from Troy; Æneas and his son, driven by a tempest (20)

DREAM´ER (_The Immortal_), John Bunyan, whose _Pilgrim's Progress_ is said by him to be a dream (1628-1688).

The pretense of a dream was one of the most common devices of mediaeval romance, as, for example, the _Romance of the Rose_ and _Piers Plowman_, both in the fourteenth century.

DREARY (_Wat_), _alias_ BROWN WILL, one of Macheath's gang of thieves. He is described by Peachum as "an irregular dog, with an underhand way of disposing of his goods" (act i.1).--Gay, _The Beggar's Opera_ (1727).

DREW (_Timothy_). A half-witted cobbler who, learning that a tailor had advertised for "frogs," catches a bagful and carries them to him, demanding one dollar a hundred. The testy tailor imagining himself the victim of a hoax, throws his shears at his head, and Timothy, in revenge empties the bag of bull-frogs upon the clean floor of Buckram's shop. Next day Timothy's sign was disfigured to read--_Shoes Mended and Frogs Caught. By Timothy Drew._--_The Frog Catcher_, Henry J. Finn, American Comic Annual 1831.

DRINK used by actors, orators, etc.

BRAHAM, bottled porter.

CATLEY (_Miss_), linseed tea and madeira.

COOKE (_G. F._), everything drinkable.

EMERY, brandy-and-water (cold).

GLADSTONE (_W. E._), an egg beaten up in sherry.

HENDERSON, gum arabic and sherry.

INCLEDON, madeira.

JORDAN (_Mrs._), calves'-foot jelly dissolved in warm sherry.

KEAN (_Edmund_), beef-tea for breakfast, cold brandy.

LEWIS, mulled wine (with oysters).

OXBERRY, tea.

SMITH (_William_), coffee.

WOOD (_Mrs._), draught porter.

J Kemble took opium.

_Drink_. "_I drink the air_," says Ariel, meaning "I will fly with great speed."

In _Henry IV_. we have "devour the way," meaning the same thing.

DRI'VER, clerk to Mr. Pleydell, advocate.

Edinburgh.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

DRIVER OF EUROPE. The duc de Choiseul, minister of Louis XV., was so called by the empress of Russia, because he had spies all over Europe, and ruled by them all the political cabals.

DRO'GIO, probably Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. A Venetian voyager named Antonio Zeno (fourteenth century) so called a country which he discovered. It was said to lie south-west of Estotiland (_Labrador_), but neither Estotiland nor Drogio are recognized by modern geographers, and both are supposed to be wholly, or in a great measure, hypothetical.

DRO'MIO _(The Brothers_), two brothers, twins, so much alike that even their nearest friends and masters knew not one from the other. They were the servants of two masters, also twins and the exact facsimiles of each other. The masters were Antiph'olus of Ephesus and Antipholus of Syracuse.--Shakespeare, _Comedy of Errors_ (1593).

(_The Comedy of Errors_ is borrowed from the _Menoechmi_ of Plautus).

DRONSDAUGHTER (_Tronda_), the old serving-woman of the Yellowleys.--Sir W. Scott, _The Pirate_ (time, William III.).

DROP SERENE (_Gutta Serena_). It was once thought that this sort of blindness was an incurable extinction of vision by a transparent watery humor distilling on the optic nerve. It caused total blindness, but made no visible change in the eye. It is now known that this sort of blindness arises from obstruction in the capillary nerve-vessels, and in some cases at least is curable. Milton, speaking of his own blindness, expresses a doubt whether it arose from the _Gutta Serena_ or the _suffusion of a cataract_.

So thick a 'drop serene' hath quenched their orbs,
Or dim 'suffusion' veiled.

Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iii. 25 (1665).

DROOD (_Edwin_), hero of Charles Dickens' unfinished novel of that name.

DRUDGEIT (_Peter_), clerk to Lord Bladderskate.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

DRUGGER (_Abel_), a seller of tobacco; artless and gullible in the extreme. He was building a new house, and came to Subtle "the alchemist" to know on which side to set the shop door, how to dispose the shelves so as to ensure most luck, on what days he might trust his customers, and when it would be unlucky for him so to do.--Ben Jonson, _The Alchemist_ (1610).

Thomas Weston was "Abel Drugger" himself [1727-1776], but David Garrick was fond of the part also [1716-1779].--C. Dibdin, _History of the Stage_.

DRUGGET, a rich London haberdasher, who has married one of his daughters to Sir Charles Racket. Drugget is "very fond of his garden," but his taste goes no further than a suburban tea-garden with leaden images, cockney fountains, trees cut into the shapes of animals, and other similar abominations. He is very headstrong, very passionate, and very fond of flattery.

_Mrs. Druggett_, wife of the above. She knows her husband's foibles, and, like a wise woman, never rubs the hair the wrong way.--A. Murphy, _Three Weeks after Marriage_.

DRUID (_The_), the _nom de plume_ of Henry

Dixon, sportsman and sporting-writer; One of his books, called _Steeple-chasing_, appeared in the _Gentleman's Magazine_. His last work was called _The Saddle and Sirloin._

Collins calls James Thomson (author of _The Seasons_) a druid, meaning a pastoral British poet or "Nature's High Priest."

In yonder grave a Druid lies.
Collins (1746).

_Druid (Dr.)_, a man of North Wales, 65 years of age, the travelling tutor of Lord Abberville, who was only 23. The doctor is a pedant and antiquary, choleric in temper, and immensely bigoted, wholly without any knowledge of the human heart, or indeed any practical knowledge at all.

"Money and trade, I scorn 'em both; ...I have traced the Oxus and the Po, traversed the Riphæan Mountains, and pierced into the inmost deserts of Kilmuc Tartary ...I have followed the ravages of Kuli Chan with rapturous delight. There is a land of wonders; finely depopulated; gloriously laid waste; fields without a hoof to tread 'em; fruits without a hand to gather 'em: with such a catologue of pats, peetles, serpents, scorpions, caterpillars, toads, and putterflies! Oh, 'tis a recreating contemplation indeed to a philosophic mind!"--Cumberland, _The Fashionable Lover_ (1780).

DRUID MONEY, a promise to pay on the Greek Kalends. Patricius says: "Druidæ pecuniam mutuo accipiebant in posteriore vita reddituri."

Like money by the Druids borrowed,
In th' other world to be restored.
Butler, _Hudibras_, iii. 1 (1678).

Purchase tells us of certain priests of Pekin, "who barter with the people upon bills of exchange, to be paid in heaven a hundredfold."--_Pilgrims_, iii. 2.

DRUM _(Jack), Jack Drum's entertainment_ is giving a guest the cold shoulder.

Shakespeare calls it "John Drum's entertainment" (_All Well, etc_., act iii. sc. 6), and Holinshead speaks of "Tom Drum his entertaynement, which is to hale a man in by the heade, and thrust him out by both the shoulders."

DRUMMLE (_Bentley_) AND STARTOP, two young men who read with Mr. Pocket. Drummle is a surly, ill-conditioned fellow, who marries Estella.--C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).

DRUNKEN PARLIAMENT, a Scotch parliament assembled at Edinburgh, January I, 1661.

It was a mad, warring time, full of extravagance;
and no wonder it was so, when the men
of affairs were almost perpetually drunk.--Burnet,
_His Own Time_ (1723-34).

DRUON "the Stern," one of the four knights who attacked Britomart and Sir Scudamore (3 _syl_.).

The warlike dame _(Britomart)_ was on her part assaid
By Clarabel and Blandamour at one;
While Paridel and Druon fiercely laid
On Scudamore, both his professèd fone [_foes_].

Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. 9 (1596).

DRUSES (_Return of the_). The Druses, a semi-Mohammedan sect of Syria, being attacked by Osman, take refuge in one of the Spor'adês, and place themselves under the protection of the Knights of Rhodes. These knights slay their sheiks and oppress the fugitives. In the sheik massacre, Dja'bal is saved by Maä'ni, and entertains the idea of revenging his people and leading them back to Syria. To this end he gives out that he is Hakeem, the incarnate god, returned to earth, and soon becomes the leader of the exiled Druses. A plot is formed to murder the prefect of the isle, and to betray the Island to Venice, if Venice will supply a convoy for their return. An'eal (2 _syl_.), a young woman stabs the prefect, and dies in bitter disappointment when she discovers that Djabal is a mere impostor. Djabal stabs himself when his imposition is made public, but Loys, (2 _syl_.) a Brenton count, leads the exiles back to Lebanon. Robert Browning.--_The Return of the Druses_.

Historically, the Druses, to the number of 160,000 or 200,000, settled in Syria, between Djebail and Saïde, but their original seat was Egypt. They quitted Egypt from persecution, led by Dara'zi or Durzi, from whom the name Druse (1 _syl_.) is derived. The founder of the sect was the hakêm B'amr-ellah (eleventh century), believed to be incarnate deity, and the last prophet who communicated between God and man. From this founder the head of the sect was called the _hakêm_, his residence being Deir-el-Kamar. During the thirteenth or fourteenth century the Druses were banished from Syria, and lived in exile in some of the Sporadês but were led back to Syria early in the fifteenth century by Count Loys de Duex, a new convert. Since 1588 they have been tributaries of the sultan.

What say you does this wizard style himself--
Hakeem Biamrallah, the Third Fatimite?
What is this jargon? He the insane prophet,
Dead near three hundred years!

Robert Browning, _The Return of the Druses_.

DRYAS or DRYAD, a wood-nymph, whose life was bound up with that of her tree (Greek, [Greek: dryas, dryados].)

"The quickening power of the soul," like Martha, "is busy about many things," or like "a Dryas living in a tree."--Sir John Davies, _Immortality of the soul_, xii.

DRY-AS-DUST (_The Rev. Doctor_), an hypothetical person whom Sir W. Scott makes use of to introduce some of his novels by means of prefatory letters. The word is a synonym for a dull, prosy, plodding historian, with great show of learning, but very little attractive grace.

DRYDEN OF GERMANY _(The)_, Martin Opitz, sometimes called "The Father of German Poetry" (1597-1639).

DRYEESDALE _(Jasper)_, the old steward at Lochleven Castle.--Sir W. Scott, _The Abott_ (time, Elizabeth).

DRY'OPE (3 _syl_.), daughter of King Dryops, beloved by Apollo. Apollo, having changed himself into a tortoise, was taken by Dryopê into her lap, and became the father of Amphis'sos. Ovid says that Dryopê was changed into a lotus _(Met_., x. 331).

DUAR'TE (3 _syl_), the vainglorious son of Guiomar.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647).

DUBOSC, the great thief, who robs the night-mail from Lyons, and murders the courier. He bears such a strong likeness to Joseph Lesurques (act i. 1) that their identity is mistaken.--Ed. Stirling, _The Courier of Lyons_ (1852).

DUBOURG-_(Mons.)_, a merchant at Bordeaux, and agent there of Osbaldistone of London.

_Clement Dubourg_, son of the Bordeaux merchant, one of the clerks of Osbaldistone, merchant.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).

DUBRIC _(St.)_ or St. Dubricius, archbishop of the City of Legions _(Caerleon-upon-Usk_; Newport is the only part left.) He set the crown on the head of Arthur, when only 15 years of age. Geoffrey says (_British history_, ix. 12); This prelate, who was primate of Britain, was so eminent for his piety, that he could cure any sick person by his prayers. St. Dubric abdicated and lived a hermit, leaving David his successor. Tennyson introduced him in his _Coming of Arthur, Enid_, etc.

Dubric, whose report old Carleon yet doth
carry.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).

To whom arrived, by Dubric the high saint.
Chief of the Church in Britain, and before
The stateliest of her altar-shrines, the king
That morn was married.
Tennyson, _The Coming of Arthur_.

DUCHO´MAR was in love with Morna, daughter of Comac, king of Ireland. Out of jealousy, he slew Câthba, his more successful rival, went to announce his death to Morna, and then asked her to marry him. She replied she had no love for him, and asked for his sword. "He gave the sword to her tears," and she stabbed him to the heart. Duchômar begged the maiden to pluck the sword from his breast that he might die; and when she approached him for the purpose, "he seized the sword from her, and slew her."

"Duchômar, most gloomy of men; dark are thy brows and terrible; red are thy rolling eyes ... I love thee not," said Morna; "hard is thy heart of rock, and dark is thy terrible brow."--Ossian, _Fingal_, i.

DUCHRAN (_The laird of_), a friend of Baron Bradwardine.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

DU CROISY and his friend La Grange are desirous to marry two young ladies whose heads are turned by novels. The silly girls fancy the manners of these gentlemen "too unaffected and easy to be aristocratic"; so the gentlemen send to them their valets, as "the viscount de Jodelet," and "the marquis of Mascarille." The girls are delighted whith their titled visitors; but when the game had gone far enough, the masters enter and unmask the trick. By this means the girls are taught a useful lesson, without being subjected to any fatal consequence.--Molière, _Les Prècieuses Ridicules_ (1659).

DUDLEY, a young artist; a disguise assumed by Harry Bertram.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

_Dudley_ (_Captain_), a poor English officer, of strict honor, good family, and many accomplishments. He has served his country for thirty years, but can scarcely provide bread for his family.

_Charles Dudley_, son of Captain Dudley. High-minded, virtuous, generous, poor, and proud. He falls in love with his cousin Charlotte Rusport, but forbears proposing to her, because he is poor and she is rich. His grandfather's will is in time brought to light, by which he becomes the heir of a noble fortune, and he then marries his cousin.

_Louisa Dudley_, daughter of Captain Dudley. Young, fair, tall, fresh, and lovely. She is courted by Belcour the rich West Indian, to whom ultimately she is married.--Cumberland, _The West Indian_ (1771).

DUDLEY DIAMOND (_The_). In 1868 a black shepherd named Swartzboy brought to his master, Nie Kirk, this diamond, and received for it £400, with which he drank himself to death. Nie Kirk sold it for £12,000; and the earl of Dudley gave Messrs. Hunt and Roskell £30,000 for it. It weighed in the rough 88 1/2 carats, but cut into a heart shape it weighs 44 1/2 carats. It is triangular in shape, and of great brilliancy.

This magnificent diamond, that called the "Stewart" _(q. v_.), and the "Twin," have all been discovered in Africa since 1868.

DUDU, one of the three beauties of the harem, into which Juan, by the sultan's order, had been admitted in female attire. Next day, the sultana, out of jealousy, ordered that both Dudù and Juan should be stitched in a sack and cast into the sea; but by the connivance of Baba the chief eunuch, they affected their escape.--Byron, _Don Juan_, vi. 42, etc.

A kind of sleeping Venus seemed Dudu ...
But she was pensive more than melancholy ...
The strangest thing was, beauteous, she was
holy.
Unconscious, albeit turned of quick seventeen.
Canto vi. 42-44 (1824).

DUENNA _(The)_, a comic opera by R. B. Sheridan (1773). Margaret, the duenna, is placed in charge of Louisa, the daughter of Don Jerome. Louisa is in love with Don Antonio, a poor nobleman of Seville; but her father resolves to give her in marriage to Isaac Mendoza, a rich Portuguese Jew. As Louisa will not consent to her father's arrangement, he locks her up in her chamber, and turns the duenna out of doors, but in his impetuous rage he in reality turns his daughter out, and locks up the duenna. Isaac arrives, is introduced to the lady, elopes with her, and is duly married. Louisa flees to the convent of St. Catharine, and writes to her father for his consent to her marriage to the man of her choice; and Don Jerome supposing she means the Jew, gives it freely, and she marries Antonio. When they meet at breakfast at the old man's house, he finds that Isaac has married the duenna, Louisa has married Antonio, and his son has married Clara; but the old man is reconciled and says, "I am an obstinate old fellow, when I'm in the wrong, but you shall all find me steady in the right."

DUESSA _(false faith_), is the personification of the papacy. She meets the Red Cross Knight in the society of Sansfoy _(infidelity)_, and when the knight slays Sansfoy, she turns to flight. Being overtaken, she says her name is Fidessa _(true faith)_, deceives the knight, and conducts him to the palace of Lucif'era, where he encounters Sansjoy (canto 2). Duessa dresses the wounds of the Red Cross Knight, but places Sansjoy under the care of Escula'pius in the infernal regions (canto 4). The Red Cross Knight leaves the palace of Lucifera, and Duessa induces him to drink of the "Enervating Fountain;" Orgoglio then attacks him, and would have slain him if Duessa had not promised to be his bride. Having cast the Red Cross Knight into a dungeon, Orgoglio dresses his bride in most gorgeous array, puts on her head "a triple crown" _(the tiara of the pope_), and sets her on a monster beast with "seven heads" _(the seven hills of Rome_). Una _(truth)_ sends Arthur (England) to rescue the captive knight, and Arthur slays Orgoglio, wounds the beast, releases the knight, and strips Duessa of her finery _(the Reformation_); whereupon she flies into the wilderness to conceal her shame (canto 7).--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. (1590).

_Duessa_, in bk. v., allegorizes Mary queen of Scots. She is arraigned by Zeal before Queen Mercilla _(Elizabeth)_, and charged with high treason. Zeal says he shall pass by for the present "her counsels false conspired" with Blandamour _(earl of Northumberland)_, and Paridel _(earl of Westmoreland_), leaders of the insurrection of 1569, as that wicked plot came to naught, and the false Duessa was now "an untitled queen." When Zeal had finished, an old sage named the Kingdom's Care _(Lord Burghley)_ spoke, and opinions were divided. Authority, Law of Nations, and Religion thought Duessa guilty, but Pity, Danger, Nobility of Birth, and Grief pleaded in her behalf. Zeal then charges the prisoner with murder, sedition, adultery, and lewd impiety; whereupon the sentence of the court is given against her. Queen Mercilla, being called on to pass sentence, is so overwhelmed with grief that she rises and leaves the court.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. 9 (1596).

DUFF _(Jamie)_, the idiot boy attending Mrs. Bertram's funeral.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

DUKE _(My lord_), a duke's servant, who assumes the airs and title of his master, and is addressed as "Your grace," or "My lord duke." He was first a country cowboy, then a wig-maker's apprentice, and then a duke's servant. He could neither write nor read, but was a great coxcomb, and set up for a tip-top fine gentleman.--Rev. J. Townley, _High Life Below Stairs_ (1763).

_Duke (The Iron_), the duke of Wellington, also called "The Great Duke" (1769-1852).

DUKE AND DUCHESS, in pt. II. of _Don Quixote_, who play so many sportive tricks on "the Knight of the Woeful Countenance," were Don Carlos de Borja, count of Ficallo, and Donna Maria of Aragon, duchess of Villaher'mora, his wife, in whose right the count held extensive estates on the banks of the Ebro, among others a country seat called Buena'via, the place referred to by Cervantês (1615).

DUKE OF MIL'AN, a tragedy by Massinger (1622). A play evidently in imitation of Shakespeare's _Othello_. "Sforza" is Othollo; "Francesco," Iago: "Marcelia," Desdemona: and "Eugenia," Emilia. Sforza "the More" [_sic_] doted on Marcelia his young bride, who amply returned his love. Francesco, Sforza's favorite, being left lord protector of Milan during a temporary absence of the duke, tried to corrupt Marcelia; but failing in this, accused her to Sforza of wantonness. The duke, believing his favorite, slew his beautiful young bride. The cause of Francesco's villainy was that the duke had seduced his sister Eugenia.

Shakespeare's play was produced 1611, about eleven years before Massinger's tragedy. In act v. 1 we have "Men's injuries we write in brass," which brings to mind Shakespeare's line, "Men's evil manners live in brass, their virtues we write in water."

(Cumberland reproduced this drama, with some alterations, in 1780).

DUKE COMBE, William Combe, author of _Dr. Syntax_, and translator of _The Devil upon Two Sticks_, from _Le Diable Boiteux_ of Lesage. He was called _duke_ from the splendor of his dress, the profusion of his table, and the magnificence of his deportment. The last fifteen years of his life were spent in the King's Bench (1743-1823).

DULCAMA'RA _(Dr.)_, an itinerant physician, noted for his pomposity; very boastful, and a thorough charlatan.--Donizetti, _L'Elisire d'Amore_ (1832).

DULCARNON. (See DHU'L KARNEIN.)

DULCIFLUOUS DOCTOR, Antony Andreas, a Spanish minorite of the Duns Scotus school (_-1320).

DULCIN'EA DEL TOBO'SO, the lady of Don Quixote's devotion. She was a fresh-colored country wench, of an adjacent village, with whom the don was once in love. Her real name was Aldonza Lorenzo. Her father was Lorenzo Corchuelo, and her mother Aldonza Nogalês. Sancho Panza describes her in pt. I. ii. 11.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. i. I (1605).

"Her flowing hair," says the knight, "is of
gold, her forehead the Elysian fields, her eyebrows
two celestial arches, her eyes a pair of
glorious suns, her cheeks two beds of roses, her
lips two coral portals that guard her teeth of
Oriental pearl, her neck is alabaster, her hands
are polished ivory, and her bosom whiter than
the new-fallen snow."

Ask you for whom my tears do flow so?
'Tis for Dulcinea del Toboso.
_Don Quixote_, I iii. 11 (1605).

DULL, a constable.--Shakespeare, _Love's Labour's Lost_ (1594).

DU'MACHUS. The impenitent thief is so called in Longfellow's _Golden Legend_, and the penitent thief is called Titus.

In the apocryphal _Gospel of Nicodemis_, the impenitent thief is called Gestas, and the penitent one Dysmas.

In the story of _Joseph of Arimathea_, the impenitent thief is called Gesmas, and the penitent one Dismas.

Alta petit Dismas, infelix infima Gesmas.
_A Monkish Charm to Scare away Thieves_.

Dismas in paradise would dwell,
But Gesmas chose his lot in hell.

DUMAIN, a French lord in attendance on Ferdinand, king of Navarre. He agreed to spend three years with the king in study, during which time no woman was to approach the court. Of course, the compact was broken as soon as made and Dumain fell in love with Katharine. When however, he proposed marriage, Katharine deferred her answer for twelve months and a day, hoping by that time "his face would be more bearded," for, she said, "I'll mark no words that smoothfaced wooers say."

The young Dumain, a well-accomplished youth,
Of all that virtue love for virtue loved;
Most power to do most harm, least knowing ill;
For he hath wit to make an ill shape good,
And shape to win grace, tho' he had no wit.

Shakespeare, _Love's Labour's Lost_, act ii. sc. I (1594).

DU'MARIN, the husband of Cym'oent, and father of Marinel.--Spenser, _Fairy Queen_, in. 4.

DUMAS _(Alexandre_ D.), in 1845, published sixty volumes.

The most skillful copyist, writing 12 hours a day, can with difficulty do 3,900 letters in an hour, which gives him 46,800 per diem, or 60 pages of a romance. Thus he could copy 5 volumes octavo per month and 60 in a year, supposing that he did not lose one second of time, but worked without ceasing 12 hours every day thoughout the entire year.--De Mirecourt, _Dumas Père_ (1867).

DUMB OX _(The)._ St. Thomas Aqui'nas was so called by his fellow-students at Cologne, from his taciturnity and dreaminess. Sometimes called "The Great Dumb Ox of Sicily." He was larged-bodied, fat, with a brown complexion, and a large head partly bald.

Of a truth, it almost makes me laugh
To see men leaving the golden grain,
To gather in piles the pitiful chaff
That old Peter Lombard thrashed with his
brain,
To have it caught up and tossed again
On the horns of the Dumb Ox of Cologne.

Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.

(Thomas Aquinas was subsequently called "The Angelic Doctor," and the "Angel of the Schools," 1224-1274.)

DUMBIEDIKES (_The old laird of_), an exacting landlord, taciturn and obstinate.

The laird of Dumbiedikes had hitherto been moderate in his exactions ... but when a stout, active young fellow appeared ... he began to think so broad a pair of shoulders might bear an additional burden. He regulated, indeed, his management of his dependants as carters do their horses, never failing to clap an additional brace of hundred-weights on a new and willing horse.--Chap. 8 (1818).

_The young laird of Dumbiedikes_ (3 _syl_.), a bashful young laird, in love with Jeanie Deans, but Jeanie marries the Presbyterian minister, Reuben Butler.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).

DUM'MERAR (_The Rev. Dr._), a friend of Sir Geoffrey Peveril.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

DUMMY or SUPERNUMERARY. "Celimène," in the _Précieuses Ridicules_, does not utter a single word, although she enters with other characters on the stage.

DUMTOUS'TIE (_Mr. Daniel_), a young barrister, and nephew of Lord Bladderskate.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

DUN (_Squire_), the hangman who came between Richard Brandon and Jack Ketch.

And presently a halter got,
Made of the best strong hempen teer,
And ere a cat could lick his ear,
Had tied him up with as much art
As Dun himself could do for's heart.

Cotton, _Virgil Travestied_, iv. (1677).

DUN COW (_The_), slain by Sir Guy of Warwick on Dunsmore Heath, was the cow kept by a giant in Mitchel Fold [_middle-fold_], Shropshire. Its milk was inexhaustible. One day an old woman, who had filled her pail, wanted to fill her sieve also with its milk, but this so enraged the cow that it broke away, and wandered to Dunsmore, where it was killed.

A huge tusk, probably an elephant's, is still shown at Warwick Castle as one of the horns of this wonderful cow.

DUNBAR AND MARCH _(George, earl of_), who deserted to Henry IV. of England, because the betrothal of his daughter Elizabeth to the king's eldest son was broken off by court intrigue.

_Elizabeth Dunbar_, daughter of the earl of Dunbar and March, betrothed to Prince Robert, duke of Rothsay, eldest son of Robert III. of Scotland. The earl of Douglas contrived to set aside this betrothal in favor of his own daughter Elizabeth, who married the prince, and became duchess of Rothsay.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

DUNCAN "the Meek," king of Scotland, was son of Crynin, and grandson of Malcolm II., whom he succeeded on the throne, Macbeth was the son of the younger sister of Duncan's mother, and hence Duncan and Macbeth were first cousins. Sueno, king of Norway, having invaded Scotland, the command of the army was entrusted to Macbeth and Banquo, and so great was their success that only ten men of the invading army were left alive. After the battle, King Duncan paid a visit to Macbeth in his castle of Inverness, and was there murdered by his host. The successor to the throne was Duncan's son Malcolm, but Macbeth usurped the crown.--Shakespeare, _Macbeth_ (1606).

_Duncan (Captain)_, of Knockdunder, agent at Roseneath to the Duke of Buckingham.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.). _Duncan (Duroch)_, a follower of Donald Beau Lean.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

DUNCE, wittily or willfully derived from Duns, surnamed "Scotus."

In the Gaelic, _donas [means]_ "bad luck" or in contempt, "a poor ignorant creature." The Lowland Scotch has _donsie_, "unfortunate, stupid."--_Notes and Queries_, 225, September 21, 1878.

DUN'CIAD ("_the dunce epic_"), a satire by Alexander Pope--written to revenge himself upon his literary enemies. The plot is this: Eusden the poet-laureate being dead, the goddess of Dulness elects Colley Cibber as his successor. The installation is celebrated by games, the most important being the "reading of two voluminous works, one in verse and the other in prose, without nodding." King Cibber is then taken to the temple of Dulness, and lulled to sleep on the lap of the goddess. In his dream he sees the triumphs of the empire. Finally the goddess having established the kingdom on a firm basis, Night and Chaos are restored, and the poem ends (1728-42).

DUNDAS, _(Starvation)_, Henry Dundas, first Lord Melville. So called because he introduced into the language the word _starvation_, in a speech on American affairs (1775).

DUNDER _(Sir David_), of Dunder Hall, near Dover. An hospitable, conceited, whimsical old gentleman, who forever interrupts a speaker with "Yes, yes, I know it," or "Be quiet, I know it." He rarely finishes a sentence, but runs on in this style: "Dover is an odd sort of a--eh?" "It is a dingy kind of a--humph!" "The ladies will be happy to--eh?" He is the father of two daughters, Harriet and Kitty, whom he accidentally detects in the act of eloping with two guests. To prevent a scandal, he sanctions the marriages, and discovers that the two lovers, both in family and fortune, are suitable sons-in-law.

_Lady Dunder_, fat, fair, and forty if not more. A country lady, more fond of making jams and pastry than doing the fine lady. She prefers cooking to croquet, and making the kettle sing to singing herself. (See HARRIET and KITTY.)--G. Colman, _Ways and Means_ (1788).

William Dowton [1764-1851] played "Sir Anthony Absolute," "Sir Peter Teazle," "Sir David Dunder," and "Sir John Falstaff," and looked the very characters he represented.--W. Donaldson, _Recollections_.

"Sir Anthony Absolute," in _The Rivals_ (Sheridan); "Sir Peter Teazle," in _The School for Scandal_ (Sheridan).

DUNDREAR'Y _(Lord)_, a good natured, indolent, blundering, empty-headed swell; the chief character in Tom Taylor's dramatic piece entitled _Our American Cousin_. He is greatly characterized by his admiration of "Brother Sam," for his incapacity to follow out the sequence of any train of thought, and for supposing all are insane who differ from him.

(Mr. Sothern of the Haymarket created this character by his power of conception and the genius of his acting.)

DUNIOS _(The count de_), in Sir W. Scott's novel of _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

DUNOIS THE BRAVE, hero of the famous French song, set to music by Queen Hortense, mother of Napoleon III., and called _Partant pour Syrie_. His prayer to the Virgin, when he left for Syria, was:

Que j'aime la plus belle,
Et sois le plus vaillant!

He behaved with great valor, and the count whom he followed gave him his daughter to wife. The guests, on the bridal day, all cried aloud:

Amour à la plus belle!
Honneur an plus vaillant!
Words by M. de Laborde (1809).

DUN'OVER, a poor gentleman introduced by Sir W. Scott in the introduction of _The Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).

DUNROMMATH, lord of Uthal, one of the Orkneys. He carried off Oith'ona, daughter of Nuath (who was engaged to be married to Gaul, son of Morni), and was slain by Gaul in fight.

Gaul advanced in his arms. Dunrommath shrunk behind his people. But the spear of Gaul pierced the gloomy chief; his sword lopped off his head as it bended in death.--Ossian, _Oithoha_.

DUNS SCOTUS, called "The Subtle Doctor," said to have been born at Dunse, in Berwickshire, or Dunstance, in Northumberland (1265-1308).

John Scotus, called _Erigena_ ("Erin-born"), is quite another person (_-886). Erigena is sometimes called "Scotus the Wise," and lived four centuries before "The Subtle Doctor."

DUN-SHUNNER _(Augustus)_, a _nom de plnme_ of Professor William Edmonstoune Aytoun, in _Blackwood's Magazine_ (1813-1865).

DUNS'TAN _(St.)_, patron saint of goldsmiths and jewellers. He was a smith, and worked up all sorts of metals in his cell near Glastonbury Church. It was in this cell that, according to legend, Satan had a gossip with the saint, and Dunstan caught his sable majesty by the nose with a pair of red-hot forceps.

DUNTHAL'MO, lord of Teutha _(the Tweed)._ He went "in his pride against Rathmor," chief of Clutha (_the Clyde_), but being overcome, "his rage arose," and he went "by night with his warriors" and slew Rathmor in his banquet hall. Touched with pity for his two young sons (Calthon and Colmar), he took them to his own house and brought them up. "They bent the bow in his presence, and went forth to his wars." But observing that their countenances fell, Dunthalmo began to be suspicious of the young men, and shut them up in two separate caves on the banks of the Tweed, where neither "the sun penetrated by day nor the moon by night." Colmal (the daughter of Dunthalmo), disguised as a young warrior, loosed Calthon from his bonds, and fled with him to the court of Fingal, to crave aid for the liberation of Colmar. Fingal sent his son Ossian with 300 men to effect this object, but Dunthalmo, hearing of their approach, gathered together his strength and slew Colmar. He also seized Calthon, mourning for his brother, and bound him to an oak. At daybreak Ossian moved to the fight, slew Dunthalmo, and having released Calthon, "gave him to the white-bosomed Colmal."--Ossian, _Calthon and Colmal_.

DUPELEY (_Sir Charles_), a man who prided himself on his discernment of character, and defied any woman to entangle him in matrimony; but he mistook Lady Bab Lardoon, a votary of fashion, for an unsophisticated country maiden, and proposed marriage to her.

"I should like to see the woman," he says,
"that could entangle me ... Shew me a woman
...and at the first glance I will discover the
whole extent of her artifice."--Burgoyne, _The
Maid of the Oaks_, i. I.

DUPRÈ [_Du.Pray_'], a servant of Mr. Darlemont, who assists his master in abandoning Julio, count of Harancour (his ward) in the streets of Paris, for the sake of becoming possessor of his ward's property. Duprè repents and confesses the crime.--Th. Holcroft, _The Deaf and Dumb_ (1785).

DURAN'DAL, the sword of Orlando, the workmanship of fairies. So admirable was its temper that it would "cleave the Pyrenees at a blow."--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516)

DURANDAR'TE (_4 syl_.), a knight who fell at Roncesvallês (_4 syl_.). Durandartê loved Belerma whom he served for seven years, and was then slain; but in dying he requested his cousin Montesi'nos to take his heart to Belerma.

Sweet in manners, fair in favor,
Mild in temper, fierce in fight.
Lewis.

DUR'DEN _(Dame)_, a notable country gentlewoman, who kept five men-servants "to use the spade and flail," and five women-servants "to carry the milken-pail." The five men loved the five maids. Their names were:

Moll and Bet, and Doll and Kate, and Dorothy Draggletail;
John and Dick, and Joe and Jack, and Humphrey with his flail.
_A Well-known Glee_.

(In _Bleak House_, by C. Dickens, Esther Summerson is playfully called "Dame Durden.")

DURETETE _(Captain)_, a rather heavy gentleman who takes lessons in gallantry from his friend, young Mirabel. Very bashful with ladies, and for ever sparring with Bisarre, who teazes him unmercifully _[Dure-tait, Be-zar']._--G. Farquhar, _The Inconstant_ (1702).

DURINDA'NA, Orlando's sword, given him by his cousin Malagi'gi. This sword and the horn Olifant were buried at the feet of the hero.

Charlemagne's sword "Joyeuse" was also buried with him, and "Tizo'na" was buried with the Cid.

DUROTI'GES (4. _syl_.). Below the Hedui (those of Somersetshire) came the Durotigês, sometimes called Mor'ini. Their capital was Du'rinum (_Dorchester_), and their territory extended to Vindel'ia (_Portland Isle_).--Richard of Cireneestre, _Ancient State of Britain_, vi. 15.

The Durotigês on the Dorsetian sand.

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).

DURWARD (_Quentin_), hero and title of a novel by Sir W. Scott. Quentin Durward is the nephew of Ludovic Lesly (surnamed _LeBalafré_). He enrolls himself in the Scottish guard, a company of archers in the pay of Louis XI., at Plessis les Tours, and saves the king in a boar-hunt. When Lèigeis is assaulted by insurgents, Quentin Durward and the Countess Isabelle de Croye escape on horseback. The countess publicly refuses to marry the duc d'Orlèans, and ultimately marries the young Scotchman.

DUSRONNAL, one of the two steeds of Cuthullin, general of the Irish tribes. The other was "Sulin-Sifadda" (_q. v._).

Before the left side of the car is seen the
snorting horse. The thin-maned, high-headed,
strong-hoofed, fleet, bounding son of the hill.
His name Dusronnal, among the stormy sons of
the sword ... the [_two_] steeds like wreaths of
mist fly over the vales. The wildness of deer is
in their course, the strength of eagles descending
on the prey.--Ossian, _Fingal_ i.

DUTCH SCHOOL of painting, noted for its exactness of detail and truthfullness to life:--For _Portraits_: Rembrandt, Bol, Flinck, Hals, and Vanderhelst.

For _Conversation pieces_: Gerhard Douw, Terburg, Metzu, Mieris, and Netscher.

For _low life_: Ostade Brower and Jan Steen.

For _landscapes_: Ruysdael, Hobbema, Cuyp, Vanderneer (_moonlight scenes_), Berchem and A. Both.

For _battle scenes_: Wouvermans and Huchtenburg.

For _marine pieces_: Vandevelde and Bakhuizen.

For _still life and flowers_: Kalf, A. van Utrecht, Van Huysum, and De Heem.

DUTCH HOUSEWIFERY. In his papers upon _Old New York_ (1846), John Fanning Watson pays a just tribute to Knickerbocker housekeepers.

"The cleanliness of Dutch housewifery was
always extreme. Everything had to submit to
scrubbing and scouring; dirt in no form could
be endured by them, and dear as water was in
the city, where it was generally sold, still it was
in perpetual requisition. It was their honest
pride to see a well-furnished dresser, showing
copper and pewter in shining splendor as if for
ornament rather than for use. In all this they
differed widely from the Germans, a people with
whom they have been erroneously and often
confounded. Roost fowls and ducks are not
more different. As water draws one it repels
the other."

DUTTON (_Mrs. Dolly_), dairy-maid to the Duke of Argyll.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time George II.).

DWARF. The following are celebrated dwarfs of real life:--

ANDROMEDA, 2 feet 4 inches. One of Julia's free maids.

ARISTRATOS, the poet. "So small," says Athenaeos, "that no one could see him."

BEBE (2 _syl_), 2 feet 9 inches. The dwarf of Stanislas, king of Poland (died 1764). BORUWLASKI (_Count Joseph_), 2 feet 4 inches. Died aged 98 (1739-1837). He had a brother and a sister both dwarfs.

BUCHINGER (_Matthew_), who had no arms or legs, but _fins_ from the shoulders. He could draw, write, thread needles, and play the hautboy. Fac-similes of his writing are preserved among the Harleian MSS. (born 1674-_).

CHUNG, recently exhibited with Chang the giant.

COLO'BRI (_Prince_), of Sleswig, 25 inches; weight, 25 lbs. (1851).

CONOPAS, 2 feet 4 inches. One of the dwarfs of Julia, niece of Augustus.

COPPERNIN, the dwarf of the princess of Wales, mother of George III. The last court-dwarf in England.

CRACHAMI (_Caroline_), a Sicilian, born at Palermo, 20 inches. Her skeleton is preserved in Hunter's Museum (1814-1824).

DECKER or DUCKER (_John_), 2 feet 6 inches. An Englishman (1610).

FARREL (_Owen_), 3 feet 9 inches. Born at Cavan. He was of enormous strength (died 1742).

FERRY (_Nicholas_), usually called Bébé, contemporary with Boruwlaski. He was a native of France. Height at death, 2 feet 9 inches (died 1737).

GIBSON (_Richard_) and his wife Anne Shepherd. Neither of them 4 feet. Gibson was a noted portrait painter, and a page of the back-stairs in the court of Charles I. The king honored the wedding with his presence; and they had nine children (1615-1690).

Design or chance makes others wive,
But Nature did this match contrive.

Waller (1642).

HUDSON (_Sir Jeffrey_), 18 inches. He was born at Oakham, in Rutlandshire (1619--1678).

LUCIUS, 2 feet; weight 17 lbs. The dwarf of the Emperor Augustus. PHILE'TAS, a poet, so small that "he wore leaden shoes to prevent being blown away by the wind" (died B.C. 280).

PHILIPS (_Calvin_) weighed less than 2 lbs. His thighs were not thicker than a man's thumb. He was born at Bridgewater, Massachusetts, in 1791.

RITCHIE (_David_), 3 feet 6 inches. Native of Tweeddale.

SOUVRAY (_Therese_).

STOBEUIN (_C.H._) of Nuremberg was less than 3 feet at the age of 20. His father, mother, brothers, and sisters were all under the medium height.

THUMB (_General Tom_). His real name was Charles S. Stratton; 25 inches; weight, 25 lbs. at the age of 25. Born at Bridgeport, Connecticut, in 1832.

THUMB (_Tom_), 2 feet 4 inches. A Dutch dwarf.

XIT, the royal dwarf of Edward VI.

Nicephorus Calistus tells us of an Egyptian dwarf "not bigger than a partridge."

_Dwarf_ of Lady Clerimond was named Pac'olet. She had a winged horse, which carried off Valentine, Orson, and Clerimond from the dungeon of of Ferragus to the palace of King Pepin; and subsequently carried Valentine to the palace of Alexander, his father, emperor of Constantinople. _Valentine and Orson_ (fifteenth century).

_Dwarf_ (_The Black_), a fairy of malignant propensities, and considered the author of all the mischief of the neighborhood. In Sir W. Scott's novel so called, this imp is introduced under various _aliases_, as Sir Edward Mauley, Elshander the recluse, cannie Elshie, and the Wise Wight of Micklestane Moor.

DWARF ALBERICH, the guardian of the Niebelungen hoard. He is twice vanquished by Siegfried, who gets possession of his cloak of invisibility, and makes himself master of the hoard.--_The Niebelungen Lied_ (1210).

DWARF PETER, an allegorical romance by Ludwick Tieck. The dwarf is a castle spectre, who advises and aids the family, but all his advice turns out evil, and all his aid is productive of trouble. The dwarf is meant for "the law in our members, which wars against the law of our minds, and brings us into captivity to the law of sin."

DWINING (_Henbane_), a pottingar or apothecary.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

DYING SAYINGS (real or traditional):

ADDISON. See how a Christian dies! _or_ See in what peace a Christian can die!

ANAXAGORAS. Give the boys a holiday.

[||]AERIA. My Paetus, it is not painful.

[ç] AUGUSTUS. Vos plaudite. (After asking how he had acted his part in life.)--Cicero.

BEAUFORT (_Cardinal Henry_). I pray you all, pray for me.

BERRY (_Mde. de_). Is not this dying with courage and true greatness?

BRONTE (the brother of the authoresses). While there is life there is will. (He died standing.)

BYRON. I must sleep now.

[§] CÆSAR (_Julius_). Et tu, Brute! (To Brutus, when he stabbed him.)

[*] CHARLEMAGNE. Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit!

CHARLES I. (of England). Remember! (To William Juxon, archbishop of Canterbury).

CHARLES II. (of England). Don't let poor Nellie starve! (Nell Gwynne).

CHARLES V. Ah! Jesus!

CHARLES IX. (of France). Nurse, nurse, what murder! what blood! Oh! I have done wrong. God pardon me! CHARLOTTE (_The Princess_). You make me drink. Pray, leave me quiet. I find it affects my head.

CHESTERFIELD. Give Day Rolles a chair.

COLUMBUS. Lord, into Thy hands I commend my spirit!

CROME (_John_), O Hobbima, Hobbima, how I do love thee!

CROMWELL. My desire is to make what haste I may to be gone.

[**]DEMONAX (the philosopher). You may go home, the show is over.--Lucian.

ELDEN (_Lord_). It matters not where I am going, whether the weather be cold or hot.

FONTENELLE. I suffer nothing, but feel a sort of difficulty in living longer.

FRANKLIN. A dying man can do nothing easy.

GAINSBOROUGH. We are all going to heaven, and Vandyke is of the company.

GEORGE IV. Whatty, what is this? It is death, my boy. They have deceived me. (Said to his page, Sir Wathen Waller).

GIBBON. Mon Dieu! Mon Dieu!

[¶] GOETHE. More light!

GREGORY VII. I have loved justice and hated iniquity, therefore I die in exile.

[*] GREY (_Lady Jane_). Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit!

GROTIUS. Be serious.

HADYN. God preserve the emperor!

HALLER. The artery ceases to beat.

HAZLITT. I have led a happy life.

HOBBES. Now am I about to take my last voyage--a great leap in the dark.

[||] HUNTER (_Dr. William_). If I had strength to hold a pen, I would write down how easy and pleasant a thing it is to die.

IRVING. If I die, I die unto the Lord. Amen.

JAMES V. (of Scotland). It came with a lass, and will go with a lass (_i.e._ the Scotch crown).

JEFFERSON (of America). I resign my spirit to God, my daughter to my country.

JOHNSON (_Dr._). God bless you, my dear! (To Miss Morris).

KNOX. Now it is come.

LOUIS I. Huz! huz! Bouquet says: "He turned his face to the wall; and twice cried, 'Huz! huz!' (_out, out_), and then died."

LOUIS IX. I will enter now into the house of the Lord.

[||] Louis XIV. Why weep ye! Did you think I should live for ever? (Then after a pause) I thought dying had been harder.

[**] Louis XVII. A king should die standing.

MAHOMET. O, Allah, be it so! Henceforth among the glorious host of paradise.

MARGARET (of Scotland, wife of Louis XI. of France). Fi de la vie! qu'on ne m'en parle plus.

MARIE ANTOINETTE. Farewell, my children, for ever. I go to your father.

[§] MASANIELLO. Ungratetul traitors! (Said to the assassins.)

MATHEWS (_Charles_). I am ready.

MIRABEAU. Let me die to the sounds of delicious music.

MOODY (the actor):

Reason thus with life,
If I do lose thee, I do lose a thing
That none but fools would keep.

Shakespeare.

MOORE (_Sir John_). I hope my country will do me justice.

NAPOLEON I. Mon Dieu! La nation Francaise! Tête d'armée!

NAPOLEON III. Were you at Sedan? (To Dr. Conneau.)

NELSON. I thank God I have done my duty.

NERO. Qualis artifex pereo!

PALMER (the actor). There is another and a better country. (This he said on the stage, it being a line in the part he was acting. From _The Stranger_.)

PITT (_William_). O, my country, how I love thee!

PIZARRO. Jesu!

POPE. Friendship itself is but a part of virtue.

[**] RABELAIS. Let down the curtain, the farce is over.

SAND (_George_). Laisez la verdure. (Meaning, "Leave the tomb green, do not cover it over with bricks or stone." George Sand was Mde. Dudevant.)

SCHILLER. Many things are growing plain and clear to my understanding.

SCOTT (_Sir Walter_). God bless you all! (To his family.) SIDNEY (_Algernon_). I know that my Redeemer liveth. I die for the good old cause.

SOCRATES. Crito, we owe a cock to Æsculapius.

STAEL (_Mde. de_). I have loved God, my father, and liberty.

[¶] TALMA. The worst is, I cannot see.

[*] TASSO. Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit!

THURLOW (_Lord_). I'll be shot if I don't believe I'm dying.

[**] VESPASIAN. A king should die standing.

WEBSTER. I still live!

WILLIAM III. (of England). Can this last long? (To his physician).

WILLIAM OF NASSAU. O God, have mercy upon me, and upon this poor nation! (This was said as he was shot by Balthasar Gerard, 1584).

WOLFE (_General_). What! do they run already? Then I die happy.

WYATT (_Thomas_) That which I then said I unsay. That which I now say is true. (This to the priest who reminded him that he had accused the Princess Elizabeth of treason to the council, and that he now alleged her to be innocent.)

Those names preceded by similar pilcrows indicate that the "dying words" ascribed to them are identical or nearly so. Thus the [*] before Charlemagne, Columbus, Lady Jane Grey, and Tasso, show that their words were alike. So with the before Augustus, Demonax, and Rabelais; the [**] before Louis XVIII. and Vespasian; the [§] before Cæsar and Masaniello; the [||] before Arria, Hunter, and Louis XIV.; and the [¶] before Goethe and Talma.

DYS'COLUS, Moroseness personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas Fletcher (1633). "He nothing liked or praised." Fully described in canto viii. (Greek, _duskolos_, "fretful.")

DYSMAS, DISMAS, OR DEMAS, the penitent thief crucified with our Lord. The impenitent thief is called Gesmas or Gestas.

Alta petit Dismas, infelix innma Gesmas.

_Part of a Charm_.

To paradise thief Dismas went,
But Gesmas died impenitent.

EADBURGH, daughter of Edward the Elder, king of England, and Eadgifu, his wife. When three years old, her father placed on the child some rings and bracelets, and showed her a chalice and a book of the Gospels, asking which she would have. The child chose the chalice and book, and Edward was pleased that "the child would be a daughter of God." She became a nun, and lived and died in Winchester.

EAGLE (_The_), ensign of the Roman legion. Before the Cimbrian war, the wolf, the horse, and the boar were also borne as ensigns, but Marius abolished these, and retained the eagle only, hence called emphatically "The Roman Bird."

_Eagle (The Theban)_, Pindar, a native of Thebes (B.C. 518-442).

EAGLE OF BRITTANY, Bertrand Duguesclin, constable of France (1320-1380).

EAGLE OF DIVINES, Thomas Aqui'nas (1224-1274).

EAGLE OF MEAUX [_Mo_], Jacques Bénigne Bossuet, bishop of Meaux (1627-1704).

EAGLE OF THE DOCTORS OF FRANCE, Pierre d'Ailly, a great astrologer, who maintained that the stars foretold the great flood (1350-1425).

EARNSCLIFFE (_Patrick_), the young laird of Earnscliffe.--Sir W. Scott, _Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).

EASTWARD HO! a comedy by Chapman, Marston, and Ben Jonson. For this drama the three authors were imprisoned "for disrespect to their sovereign lord, King James I." (1605). (See WESTWARD Ho!).

EASTY (_Mary_), a woman of Salem (Mass), convicted of witchcraft, sends before her death a petition to the court, asserting her innocence. Of her accusers she says: "I know, and the Lord, He knows (as will shortly appear), that they belie me, and so I question not but they do others. The Lord alone, who is the searcher of all hearts knows, as I shall answer it at the tribunal seat, that I know not the least thing of witchcraft. Therefore I cannot, I durst not, belie my own soul."--Robert Caleb, _More Wonders of the Invisible World_ (1700).

EASY (_Midshipman_), hero of Marryatt's sea-story of same name.

_Easy (Sir Charles)_, a man who hates trouble; "so lazy, even in his pleasures, that he would rather lose the woman of his pursuit, than go through any trouble in securing or keeping her." He says he is resolved in future to "follow no pleasure that rises above the degree of amusement." "When once a woman comes to reproach me with vows, and usage, and such stuff, I would as soon hear her talk of bills, bonds, and ejectments; her passion becomes as troublesome as a law-suit, and I would as soon converse with my solicitor." (act iii.).

_Lady Easy_, wife of Sir Charles, who dearly loves him, and knows all his "naughty ways," but never shows the slightest indication of ill-temper or jealousy. At last she wholly reclaims him.--Colley Cibber, _The Careless Husband_ (1704).

EATON THEOPHILUS (_Governor_). In his eulogy upon Governor Eaton, Dr. Cotton Mather lays stress upon the distinction drawn by that eminent Christian man between stoicism and resignation.

"There is a difference between a sullen silence or a stupid senselessness under the hand of GOD, and a childlike submission thereunto."

"In his daily life", we are told, "he was affable, courteous, and generally pleasant, but grave perpetually, and so courteous and circumspect in his discourses, and so modest in his expressions, that it became a proverb for incontestable truth,"--"Governor Eaton said it."--Cotton Mather, _Magnolia Christi Americana_ (1702).

EBERSON (_Ear_), the young son of William de la Marck, "The Wild Boar of Ardennes."--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

EBLIS, monarch of the spirits of evil. Once an angel of light, but, refusing to worship Adam, he lost his high estate. Before his fall he was called Aza'zel. The _Korân_ says: "When We [_God_] said unto the angels, 'Worship Adam,' they all worshipped except Eblis, who refused ... and became of the number of unbelievers" (ch. ii.).

EBON SPEAR (_Knight of the_), Britomart, daughter of King Ryence of Wales.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. (1590).

EBRAUC, son of Mempric (son of Guendolen and Madden) mythical king of England. He built Kaer-brauc [_York_], about the time that David reigned in Judea.--Geoffrey, _British History_, ii. 7 (1142).

By Ebrauk's powerful hand
York lifts her towers aloft.

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY (_The Father of_), Eusebius of Cæsarea (264-340).

His _Historia Fcclesiastica_, in ten books, begins with the birth of Christ and concludes with the defeat of Licinius by Constantine, A.D. 324.

ECHEPH'RON, an old soldier, who rebuked the advisers of King Picrochole (3 _syl_.), by relating to them the fable of _The Man and his Ha'p'orth of Milk_. The fable is as follows:--

A shoemaker brought a ha'poth of milk: with this he was going to make butter; the butter was to buy a cow; the cow was to have a calf; the calf was to be changed for a colt; and the man was to become a nabob; only he cracked his jug, spilt his milk, and went supperless to bed.--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, i. 33 (1533.)

This fable is told in the _Arabian Nights_ ("The Barber's Fifth Brother, Alnas-char.") Lafontaine has put it into verse, _Perrette et le Pot au Lait_. Dodsley has the same, _The Milk-maid and her Pail of Milk_.

ECHO, in classic poetry, is a female, and in English also; but in Ossian echo is called "the son of the rock."--_Songs of Selma._

ECK'HART _(The Trusty_), a good servant, who perishes to save his master's children from the mountain fiends.--Louis Tieck.

(Carlyle has translated this tale into English.)

ECLECTA, the "Elect" personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas Fletcher. She is the daughter of Intellect and Voleta _(free-will)_, and ultimately becomes the bride of Jesus Christ, "the bridegroom" (canto xii., 1633).

But let the Kentish lad [_Phineas Fletcher_] ... that sung and crowned Eclecta's hymen with ten thousand flowers Of choicest praise ... be the sweet pipe.

Giles Fletcher, _Christ's Triumph, etc_, (1610).

ÉCOLE DES FEMMES, a comedy of Molière, the plot of which is borrowed from the novelletti of _Ser Giovanni_ (1378.)

ECTOR (_Sir_), lord of many parts of England and Wales, and foster-father of Prince Arthur. His son Sir Key or Kay, was seneschal or steward of Arthur when he became king.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 3 (1470.)

Sir Ector and Sir Ector de Maris were two distinct persons.