Chapter XLIII: Part I: Historical Documents from 1678 to 1691 (New York, 1846). This (5)

[780] Carter-Brown, ii. no. 972; Griswold, no. 982; Barlow’s _Rough List_, no. 593; Brinley, ii. no. 3,842; Sabin, iii. no. 10,961; Rich (1832), no. 338, £1 16_s._; Menzies, no. 334. Quaritch priced it in 1885 (no. 29,505) at £12 12_s._, and it has since been placed at £18 18_s._ The map referred to is reproduced by Dr. Hawks in his _North Carolina_ (i. p. 37) with a reprint of the tract itself; but a better reproduction is in Gay’s _Popular Hist. of the United States_ (ii. 285). Carroll also reprints the text in his _Historical Collections_ (ii. p. 9), but he omits the map as “very incorrect,” not appreciating the fact that the incorrectness of early maps is an index of contemporary ideas, with which the historian finds it indispensable to deal.

[781] Lederer’s tract is very rare. There is a copy in Harvard College library. It was priced $200 in Bouton’s catalogue in 1876, and brought $305 at the Griswold sale the same year. The Sparks copy (at Cornell) lacks the map; but the Murphy (no. 1,456) copy had it. Cf. Rich (1832), no. 358; Brinley, ii. no. 3,875; Barlow’s _Rough List_, no. 625. A copy was sold in London in Dec., 1884.

[782] See fac-simile of this map in Vol. III. p. 465.

[783] Carter-Brown, ii. no. 1,633; Barlow’s _Rough List_, nos. 668-70; Brinley, ii. no. 3,840; _Harvard Coll. Library Catalogue_, nos. 12352.4 and 6; Menzies, no. 83. It is reprinted in Carroll’s _Hist. Coll._, ii. 59.

[784] Carter-Brown, ii. no. 1,261; Barlow’s _Rough List_, no. 675-76; _Harvard Col. Lib. Catalogue_, no. 12352.4. It is reprinted in Carroll’s _Hist. Coll._, ii. 19. The book should be accompanied by a map called “A new description of Carolina by order of the Lords Proprietors,” which shows the coast from the Chesapeake to St. Augustine. The book throws no light on the sources of the map; but Kohl, who has a sketch of the map in his Washington collection (no. 211), thinks White’s map served for the North Carolina coast, and Wm. Sayle’s surveys for the more southerly parts. Kohl says that the boundary line here given between Virginia and Carolina is laid down for the first time on a map. The river May flows from a large “Ashley lake.”

A printed map, very nearly resembling this of Wilson, is signed, “Made by William Hack at the signe of Great Britaine and Ireland, near New Stairs in Wapping. Anno Domini, 1684.” There is a sketch of it in Kohl’s Washington collection (no. 213).

[785] Sabin, v. no. 17,334.

[786] Sabin, iii. no. 10,963.

[787] Carter-Brown, ii. no. 1,333; and for editions of 1678 and 1697, nos. 1,177 and 1,508.

[788] Extracts touching Carolina are given in Carroll’s _Collections_, ii. 537, etc. The details are scant in the sketch of the history of the colonial church, which B. F. De Costa added to the edition of Bishop White’s _Memoirs of the Protestant Episcopal Church_, New York, 1880; but more considerable in “The State of the Church in America, at the beginning of the eighteenth century and the foundation of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts,”—being ch. xi. of Perry’s _Amer. Episcopal Church_.

[789] Sabin, no. 18,298. “Dalcho is very useful for the early history of South Carolina, and is more scrupulous than Ramsay.” (Bancroft, orig. ed., ii. 167.) The movement in South Carolina is necessarily treated more scantily in Hawkins’ _Missions of the Church of England;_ Wilberforce’s _Hist. of the Prot. Episc. Church in America_; Bishop White’s _Memoirs of the Prot. Episc. Church in the United States_; and Dr. W. B. Sprague’s _American Pulpit_, vol. v. The publications directly bearing at the time on this controversy are:—

_An act for the more effectual preservation of the government of the Province of Carolina, by requiring all persons that shall be hereafter chosen members of the Commons House of Assembly to take oaths ... and to conform to the Religious Worship according to the Church of England. Ratified 6th of May, 1704._ (Sabin, iii. no. 10,956.)

_Another act for the establishment of religious worship in the Province of Carolina according to the Church of England. Ratified Nov. 4, 1704._ (Sabin, iii. no. 10,958.)

_The case of the Church of England in Carolina ... with resolves of the House of Lords._ (Sabin, iii. no. 10,967.)

_The copy of an act pass’d in Carolina and sent over to be confirmed by the Lord Granville, Palatine, etc._ (Sabin, iii. no. 10,968.)

_The representation and address of several members of this present assemble, returned for Colleton County ... to the Right honourable John Grenville, Esq., etc. 26 June, 1705._ (Sabin, iii. no. 10,978.)

_The humble address of ... Parliament presented to her majesty, 13 March, 1705, relating to Carolina, and the petition therein mentioned, with her majesty’s most gracious answer thereunto._ London, 1705. (Sabin, iii. no. 10,972.)

_Party-Tyranny, or an occasional bill in miniature as now practised in Carolina. Humbly offered to the consideration of Parliament._ London, 1705 (30 pp.). (Carter-Brown, iii. no. 64; Sabin, v. no. 19,288; _Harvard College Lib. Catalogue_, no. 12352.17; Brinley, ii. no. 3,882. It is ascribed to Daniel De Foe, and the exclusive act of 1704 is severely denounced in it. Stevens, _Bibl. Amer._, 1885, no. 72, prices it at £6 6_s._, and gives a second title-edition of the same year, no. 74, £5 5_s._)

_The case of the protestant dissenters in Carolina, shewing how a law to prevent occasional conformity there, has ended in the total subversion of the Constitution in Church and State._ London, 1706. (Carter-Brown, iii. no. 76; Sabin, iii. no. 10,966. The copy of this tract in Harvard College Library has an appendix of documents paged separately. It is also sometimes attributed to De Foe.)

Rivers (_Sketches_, etc., p. 220) thinks it is an error to represent the body of the Dissenters as favoring the Fundamental Constitutions. Dalcho’s _Protestant Episcopal Church in South Carolina_ (p. 58, etc.) examines the legislation on this movement to an enforced religion.

[790] In the spring before this attack a New England man, Rev. Joseph Lord, then ministering not far from Charlestown, was congratulating himself by letter to Samuel Sewall, of Boston (writing from Dorchester, in South Carolina, March 25, 1706), on “freedom from annoyance by y^e Spaniards, especially considering all, so soon after the proclamation of war, began with them.” He then goes on to inform his correspondent that he believed some of the neighboring tribes to be wandering remnants of the Narragansetts and Pequods. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, xiii. p. 299.

[791] It was reprinted at Charleston in 1822, and is included in Carroll’s _Hist. Collections_ (ii. 85). Cf. Brinley, ii. no. 3,839; _Harvard Coll. Lib’y Cat._, no. 13352.6; Barlow’s _Rough List_, no. 779; Stevens, _Bib. Am._, 1885, no. 18, £5 5_s._ Doyle (_The English in America_, p. 437) fitly calls it “confused and rambling.” The same judgment was earlier expressed by Rivers; but Grahame (ii. p. 140), touching it more generously on its human side, calls it replete with good sense, benevolence, and piety.

[792] Pages 207, 231.

[793] A German version of the first edition was printed at Hamburg in 1715 as _Das Gros-Britannische Scepter in der Neuen Welt_; and Theodor Arnold published in 1744 a translation of the second edition, called _Das Britische Reich in America_, reproducing Moll’s map, but giving the names in German. Carroll’s _Hist. Collections_ (ii. 391) gives the essential extracts from Oldmixon.

[794] It was reprinted at Raleigh in 1860. A work called _The Natural History of North Carolina by John Brickell, M. D._, Dublin, 1737, is Lawson’s book, with some transpositions, changes, and omissions. (Carter-Brown, iii. no. 560; Brinley, ii. no. 3,843.) This last book is sufficiently changed not to be considered a mere careless reprint of Lawson, as J. A. Allen points out in his _Bibliog. of Cetacea and Sirenia_, no. 208. Brickell was a physician settled in North Carolina. A German translation of Lawson by M. Vischer, _Allerneuste Beschreibung der Provinz Carolina in West Indien_, was printed at Hamburg in 1712; and again in 1722. (Sabin, iii. no. 10,957; v. no. 39,451, etc.; Carter-Brown, iii. nos. 119, 125, 158, 169, 233; Cooke, no. 1,409; Murphy, nos. 1,448-49; Barlow’s _Rough List_, no. 787; O’Callaghan, no. 1,349; J. A. Allen’s _Bibliography of Cetacea_, etc., nos. 165, 167, 170, 174; Field, _Indian Bibliog._, nos. 896-899; Brinley, ii. no. 3,873.) Quaritch (1885) priced the original 1709 edition at £5, and I find it also quoted at £6 6_s._ The German version repeats Lawson’s map, and also has one called “Louisiana am Fluss Mississippi.”

[795] _Indian Bibliog._, p. 228.

[796] _Hist. of Amer. Literature_, ii. p. 282.

[797] Lawson’s book was accompanied by a map, and a part of it, giving the North Carolina coast, is reproduced by Dr. Hawks (ii. 103). Mr. Deane’s copy has the map. Prof. F. M. Hubbard, writing in 1860 in the _North American Review_, said, “We know after much inquiry of the existence of only four copies in this country. About 1820, a copy then thought to be unique was offered for sale at auction in North Carolina and brought nearly sixty dollars.” The book now is less rare than this writer supposed.

[798] _Auszfuhrlich und umstandlicher Bericht von der berühmten Landschaft Carolina, in dem Engelländischen America gelegen. An Tag gegeben von Kocherthalern. Dritter Druck, mit einem Anhang, ... nebst einer Land-Charte._ Frankfort a. M. 1709. (Sabin, iii. no. 10,959; Stevens, Bib. Amer., 1885, no. 75, £5 5_s._) _Das verlangte, nicht erlangte Canaan, oder ausführliche Beschreibung der unglücklichen Reise derer jüngsthin aus Teutschland nach Carolina und Pensylvania wallenden Pilgrim, absonderlich dem Kochenthalerischen Bericht entgegen gesetzt._ Frankfort, 1711. This is a rare tract about the emigration from the Pfälz. (Sabin, iii. no. 10,960; Harrassowitz, _Americana_ (81), no. 114 at 50 marks; _Harvard Coll. Lib’y Catalogue_, no. 12352.10; Stevens, _Bib. Amer._, 1885, no. 77, £4 14_s._ 6_d._) _A Letter from South Carolina giving an account of the soil, etc.... Written by a Swiss gentleman to his friend at Bern._ London, 1710. There were other editions in 1718, 1732. (Carter-Brown, iii. nos. 143, 239, 493; _Harvard College Lib’y Catalogue_, nos. 12354.4 and 5.)

Bernheim’s _German Settlements_, later to be mentioned, is the best modern summary of these Swiss and German immigrations.

[799] The map on the next page is sketched from a draft in the Kohl collection (219) of a map preserved in the British State Paper Office, bearing no date, but having the following legends in explanation of the lines of march:—

“1. — — — — The way Coll. Barnwell marched from Charlestown, 1711, with the forces sent from S. Carol. to the relief of N. Carolina.

“2. —·—· The way Coll. J. Moore marched in the 1712 with the forces sent for the relief of North Carolina.

“3. —··—·· The way Corol. Maurice Moore marched in the year 1713 with recruits from South Carolina.

“4. ···· The way Corol. Maurice Moore went in the year 1715, with the forces sent from North Carolina to the assistance of S. Carolina. His march was further continued from Fort Moore up Savano river, near a N. W. course, 150 miles to the Charokee indians, who live among the mountains.”

[800] Cf. vol. i. 44-46, 100, 102, 105-7, 115, 118, 121, 160. See _post_ ch. viii. and _ante_ ch. iv. of the present volume.

[801] Cf. _An abridgment of the laws in force and use in her majesty’s plantations_, London, 1702. (Harvard College lib’y, 6374.20.) Chief Justice Trott—“a great man in his day,” says De Bow,—published a folio edition of South Carolina laws in 1736; and the _Laws of South Carolina_, published by Cooper (Columbia, S. C.), give by title only those enacted before 1685. Trott also published in London (1721) _Laws of the British Plantations in America relating to the Church and the Clergy_. (Harvard College lib’y, 6371.1.)

[802] H. C. Murphy, _Catalogue_, no. 2,344; Brinley, ii. no. 3,893. It is attributed to F. Yonge, whose _View of the Trade of South Carolina_, addressed to Lord Carteret, was printed about 1722 and 1723. Carter-Brown, iii. nos. 321, 337.

[803] Carter-Brown, iii. no. 371.

[804] _An Act for establishing an Agreement with seven of the lords proprietors of Carolina for the surrender of their title and interest in that province to his Majesty._ London, 1729. Brinley, no. 3,831.

[805] _Grant and Release of one eighth part of Carolina from his Majesty to Lord Cartaret_ [1744] with a map. Sabin, iii. no. 10,971.

[806] Brinley, ii. no. 3,883.

[807] This description is usually accompanied by what is called _Proposals of Mr. Peter Purry of Neufchatel for the encouragement of Swiss Protestants settling in Carolina_, 1731, and this document is also included in Carroll’s _Hist. Collections_ (ii. 121), and will be found in Bernheim’s _German Settlements_, p. 90, in Col. Jones’ publication, already mentioned, and in other places. Bernheim gives a summarized history of the colony.

[808] Among the publications instigating or recording this immigration, the following are known: _Der nunmehro in dem neuen Welt vergnügt und ohne Heimwehe Schweitzer, oder Beschreibung des gegenwärtigen Zustands der Königlichen Englischen Provinz Carolina_. Bern, 1734. (Sabin, iii. no. 10,975; Stevens, _Bib. Am._, 1885, no. 76, £4 14_s._ 6_d._) _Neue Nachricht alter und neuer Merkwürdigkeiten, enthaltend ein vertrautes Gespräch und sichere Briefe von dem Landschafft Carolina und übrigen Englishchen Pflantz-Städten in Amerika._ Zurich, 1734. (Sabin, iii. no. 10,974.) The _Carter-Brown Catalogue_ (iii. no. 566) mentions a tract, evidently intended to influence immigration to Pennsylvania and the colonies farther south, which was printed in 1737 as _Neu-gefundenes Eden_.

[809] Martin, in his _North Carolina_, vol. i., has an appendix on the Moravians.

[810] Cf. Chapter on Presbyterianism in South Carolina in C. A. Briggs’ _Amer. Presbyterianism_, p. 127.

[811] This gentleman has contributed to the periodical press various papers on Huguenots in America. Cf. Poole’s _Index_, p. 612.

[812] In April, 1883, there was formed in New York a Huguenot Society of America, under the presidency of John Jay, with vice-presidents to represent each of the distinct settlements of French Protestants prior to 1787,—Staten Island, Long Island, New Rochelle, New Paltz, New Oxford, Boston, Narragansett, Maine, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and South Carolina. Their first report has been printed. Monograph iv. of Bishop Perry’s _American Episcopal Church_ is “The Huguenots in America, and their connection with the Church,” by the Rev. A. V. Wittmeyer.

[813] Carter-Brown, iii. nos. 1,046, 1,778.

[814] Carter-Brown, iii. no. 1,306. There is a copy in Harvard College library [12353.2]. The _Dinwiddie Papers_ throw some light on Glen’s career. The _Second Report of the Historical Manuscripts Commission_, p. 38, notes a collection of letters sent from South Carolina during Gov. Lyttleton’s term, 1756-1765, as being in Lord Lyttleton’s archives at Hagley, in Worcestershire.

[815] Brinley, ii. no. 3,989; Haven, “Ante-Revolutionary Bibliog.” (Thomas’ _Hist. of Printing_, ii. 559). Cf. Bancroft’s _United States_, original ed. iv. ch. 15. Cf. also John H. Logan’s _History of the Upper Country of South Carolina, from the earliest periods to the close of the War of Independence_, Charleston, 1859, vol. i. It largely concerns the Cherokee country.

[816] A MS. copy of De Brahm appears (no. 1,313) in a sale catalogue of Bangs, Brother & Co., New York, 1854.

[817] Cf. Emanuel Bowen, in his _Complete System of Geography_, ii. 1747 (London), who gives a _New and accurate map of the Provinces of North and South Carolina, Georgia, etc._, showing the coast from the Chesapeake to St. Augustine.

[818] See _post_, ch. vi.

[819] The latest writer on the theme, Doyle, in his _English in America_, thinks Hewatt “may probably be trusted in matters of notoriety.” Grahame (iii. 78) says: “Hewit is a most perplexing writer. A phrase of continual recurrence with him is ‘about this time,’—the meaning of which he leaves to the conjecture of readers and the laborious investigation of scholars, as he scarcely ever particularizes a date.” Again he adds (ii. p. 110): “While he abstains from the difficult task of relating the history of North Carolina, he selects the most interesting features of its annals, and transfers them to the history of the southern province. His errors, though hardly honest, were probably not the fruit of deliberate misrepresentation.” Cf. Sprague’s _Annals of the Amer. Pulpit_, iii. p. 251.

[820] That portion about South Carolina, ending with the revolution of 1719, is printed in Carroll, ii. 273.

[821] These volumes are described in the _Sparks Catalogue_, pp. 214-215, and are now in Harvard College library.

[822] Grahame (ii. 167) says of Chalmers that “he seems to relax his usual attention to accuracy, when he considers his topics insignificant; and from this defect, as well as from the peculiarities of his style, it is sometimes difficult to discover his meaning or reconcile his apparent inconsistency in different passages.”

[823] Cf. _Belknap Papers_ (_Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll._), ii. 218, 219.

[824] Harvard College library.

[825] _An introduction to the history of the revolt of the American colonies, derived from the state papers in the public offices of Great Britain._ Boston, 1845. 2 v.

[826] The copy referred to is also marked in Mr. Chalmers’ autograph as “from the author to Mr. Strange as an evidence of his respect and kindness.” It is also noted in it that it is the identical copy described by Rich in his _Bibliotheca Americana Nova_ (under 1782), no. 2, where it is spoken of as “apparently entirely unknown,” and having the bookplate of George Buchanan with a manuscript note, “Not published, corrected for the press by me, G. B.” No such evidences of Buchanan’s ownership are now in the volume, and the title as given by Rich is more extended than that written by Chalmers. A slightly different title too is given in the only other copy of which trace has been found, that given in the _Murphy Catalogue_, no. 534.

[827] A large number of the Chalmers manuscripts relating to America are enumerated in Thomas Thorpe’s _Supplement to a Catalogue of Manuscripts_, 1843. Such as relate to periods not of the Revolution are somewhat minutely described under the following numbers:—

No. 616. Copies of papers, 1493-1805, two volumes, £12 12_s._

No. 617. Papers relating to New England, 1625-1642, one volume, £2 2_s._

No. 618. Papers relating to Maryland, 1627-1765, one volume, £3 3_s._

No. 619. Papers relating to New York and Pennsylvania, 1629-1642, £1 11_s._ 6_d._

No. 620. Short account of the English plantations in America, about 1690, MS., £2 2_s._

No. 666. Papers on Canada, 1692-1792, one volume, £4 4_s._

No. 669. Letters and State Papers relating to Carolina, 1662-1781, two volumes, £12 12_s._ [I suppose these to be the volumes now in Mr. Bancroft’s hands.]

No. 673. The manuscript of vol. ii. of the Annals, £7 7_s._

No. 707. Papers on Connecticut, 15_s._

No. 726. Papers on the ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the colonies, 1662-1787, one volume, £2 2_s._

No. 745. Papers on Georgia, 1730-1798, one volume, £5 5_s._

No. 782. Papers on the Indians, 1750-1775, one volume, £10 10_s._

No. 823. Papers on Maryland, 1619-1812, two volumes, £15 15_s._

No. 838. Papers on New England, 1635-1780, four volumes, £21.

No. 842. Papers on New Hampshire, 1651-1774, two volumes, £10 10_s._

No. 843. Papers on New Jersey, 1683-1775, one volume, £6 6_s._

No. 845. Papers on New York, 1608-1792, four volumes, £52 10_s._

No. 857. Papers on Nova Scotia, 1745-1817, one volume, £7 7s.

No. 867. Papers on Pennsylvania, 1620-1779, two volumes, £10 10_s._

No. 869. Letters from and Papers on Philadelphia, 1760-1789, two volumes, £15 15_s._

No. 891. Papers on Rhode Island, 1637-1785, one volume, £5 5_s._

No. 949. Papers on Virginia, 1606-1775, four volumes, £31 10_s._

[828] He was born in 1735, and was a Pennsylvanian, whom commercial aims brought to Edmonton, in North Carolina, where he practised medicine, and as a representative of the district sat in Congress. He had removed, however, to New York when he published his history. He died in 1819. Cf. Scharf and Westcott’s _Hist. of Philadelphia_, ii. 1146.

[829] _North Amer. Rev._, xii. 37. In 1829 Judge A. D. Murphy sought, unsuccessfully, to induce the legislature to aid him in publishing a history of North Carolina in six or eight volumes. _North Amer. Review_, xxiv. p. 468.

[830] Orig. ed., i. p. 135.

[831] Cf. _N. Eng. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, Oct., 1870.

[832] J. D. B. DeBow’s _Political Annals of South Carolina_, prepared for the _Southern Quarterly Review_, was printed separately as a pamphlet, at Charleston, in 1845. A writer in this same _Review_ (Jan., 1852) deplores the apathy of the Southern people and the indifference of Southern writers to the study of their local history. In the series of the _Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science_, Mr. B. J. Ramage has published an essay on “Local government and free schools in South Carolina.”

[833] There is also a list of papers prior to 1700 in the appendix of Rivers’ _Sketch_, etc., p. 313.

[834] The _Third Report_ (1872) _of the Commission on Historical signified his wish to present his valuable collection of manuscripts Manuscripts_ (p. xi.) says: “In April, 1871, the Earl of Shaftesbury to the Public Record Office. These papers have been arranged and catalogued by Mr. Sainsbury.” The same _Report_ (p. 216) contains Mr. Alfred J. Horwood’s account of these papers, the ninth section of which is described as comprising letters and papers about Carolina, and many letters and abstracts of letters in Locke’s handwriting. Cf. _Charleston Year Book_, 1884, p. 167.

[835] _A review of documents and records in the archives of the State of South Carolina, hitherto inedited_ (Columbia, 1852), points out the gaps in its public records. Of the Grand Council’s Journal, only two years (1671, etc.) are preserved, as described by Dalcho and in _Topics in the History of South Carolina_, a pamphlet. Cf. also Rivers’ _Sketch_, etc., p. 370.

[836] Abstracts of many of them are necessarily included in Sainsbury’s _Calendars_.

[837] [This story is told in Vol. II. chap. iv.—ED.]

[838] [Vol. II. p. 244.—ED.]

[839] [See Vol. III. p. 157, and chap. v., _ante_.—ED.]

[840] [He was born in 1698; but see W. S. Bogart on “the mystery of Oglethorpe’s birthday,” in _Magazine of American History_, February, 1883, p. 108. There is a statement as to his family in Nichols’s _Literary Anecdotes_, ii. 17; copied by Harris, in his _Life of Oglethorpe_.—ED.]

[841] The corporate seal adopted had two faces. That for the authentication of legislative acts, deeds, and commissions contained this device: two figures resting upon urns, from which flowed streams typifying the rivers forming the northern and southern boundaries of the province. In their hands were spades, suggesting agriculture as the chief employment of the settlers. Above and in the centre was seated the genius of the Colony, a spear in her right hand, the left placed upon a cornucopia, and a liberty cap upon her head. Behind, upon a gentle eminence, stood a tree, and above was engraven this legend, _Colonia Georgia Aug_. On the other face,—which formed the common seal to be affixed to grants, orders, and certificates,—were seen silk-worms in the various stages of their labor, and the appropriate motto, _Non sibi sed aliis_. This inscription not only proclaimed the disinterested motives and intentions of the trustees, but it suggested that the production of silk was to be reckoned among the most profitable employments of the colonists,—a hope not destined to be fulfilled.

[842] There is in Lossing’s _Field Book of the Revolution_, ii. 722, a sketch of the remains of the barracks as they appeared in 1851.

[843] As Captain-General he was entitled to command all the land and naval forces of the province, and by him were all officers of the militia to be appointed. As Governor-in-chief he was a constituent part of the General Assembly, and possessed the sole power of adjourning, proroguing, convening, and dissolving that body. It rested with him to approve or to veto any bill passed by the Council and the Assembly. All officers who did not receive their warrants directly from the Crown were appointed by him: and if vacancies occurred, by death or removal, in offices usually filled by the immediate nomination of the King, the appointees of the governor acted until the pleasure of the home government was signified. He was the custodian of the Great Seal, and as Chancellor exercised within the province powers of judicature similar to those reposed in the High Chancellor of England. He was to preside in the Court of Errors, composed of himself and the members of Council as judges, hearing and determining all appeals from the superior courts. As Ordinary, he collated to all vacant benefices, granted probate of wills, and allowed administration upon the estates of those dying intestate. By him were writs issued for the election of representatives to sit in the Commons House of Assembly. As Vice-Admiral, while he did not sit in the court of vice-admiralty,—a judge for that court being appointed by the Crown,—in time of war he could issue warrants to that court empowering it to grant commissions to privateers. With him resided the ability to pardon all crimes except treason and murder. It was optional with him to select as his residence such locality within the limits of the province as he deemed most convenient for the transaction of the public business, and he might direct the General Assembly to meet at that point. He was invested with authority, for just cause, to suspend any member of Council, and, in a word, might “do all other necessary and proper things in such manner and under such regulations as should, upon due consideration, appear to be best adapted to the circumstances of the colony.” The King’s Council was to consist of twelve members in ordinary and of two extraordinary members. They were to be appointed by the Crown, and were to hold office during His Majesty’s pleasure. In the absence of the governor and lieutenant-governor, the senior member of the Council in Ordinary administered the government. When sitting as one of the three branches of the legislature the Council was styled the Upper House of Assembly. It also acted as Privy Council to the governor, assisting him in the conduct of public affairs. In this capacity the members were to convene whenever the governor saw fit to summon them. When sitting as an Upper House, the Council met at the same time with the Commons House of Assembly, and was presided over by the lieutenant-governor, or, in his absence, by the senior member present. The forms of procedure resembled those observed in the House of Lords in Great Britain.

The qualification of an elector was the ownership of fifty acres of land in the parish or district in which he resided and voted; that of a representative, was the proprietorship of five hundred acres of land in any part of the province. Writs of election were issued by order of the Governor in Council under the Great Seal of the province, were tested by him, and were returnable in forty days. When convened, the Representatives were denominated the Commons House of Assembly. Choosing its own speaker, who was presented to the governor for approbation, this body,—composed of the immediate representatives of the people, and conforming in its legislative and deliberative conduct to the precedents established for the governance of the English House of Commons,—when convened, continued its session until dissolved by the governor. It claimed and enjoyed the exclusive right of originating bills for the appropriation of public moneys. Thus constituted, the Upper and Lower Houses formed the General Assembly of the province and legislated in its behalf. Bills which passed both Houses were submitted to the governor for his consideration. If approved by him, the Seal of the Colony was attached, and they were duly filed. Authenticated copies were then prepared and transmitted for the information and sanction of the Home Government.

Provision was also made for the establishment of a “General Court,” of a “Court of Session of Oyer and Terminer and General Gaol Delivery,” and of courts of inferior jurisdiction. There was also a “Court of Admiralty.”

The presiding judge was styled Chief-Justice of Georgia. He was a “barrister at law” who had attended at Westminster, was appointed by warrant under His Majesty’s sign-manual and signet, and enjoyed a salary of £500, raised by annual grant of Parliament. The assistant justices were three in number. They received no salaries except on the death or in the absence of the chief-justice, and held their appointments from the governor.

Arrangements were also made for appointment of Collectors of Customs, of a Register of Deeds, of a Receiver of Quit Rents, of a Surveyor-General, of a Secretary of the Province, of a Clerk of Council, of a Provost Marshal, of an Attorney-General, and of other necessary officers.

The device approved for a public seal was as follows: On one face was a figure representing the Genius of the Colony offering a skein of silk to His Majesty, with the motto, “Hinc laudem sperate Coloni,” and this inscription around the circumference: “Sigillum Provinciæ nostræ Georgiæ in America.” On the other side appeared His Majesty’s arms, crown, garter, supporters, and motto, with the inscription: “Georgius II. Dei Gratia Britanniæ, Franciæ, et Hiberniæ Rex, Fidei Defensor, Brunsvici et Luneburgi Dux, Sacri Romani Imperii Archi Thesaurarius et Princeps Elector.”

[844] Cf. Chapter IV., on “Ancient Florida,” by Dr. John G. Shea, in Vol. II.; and a chapter in Vol. I.

[845] [Sabin, xii. no. 51194; Barlow, no. 809; Carter-Brown, iii. no. 224; Brinley, no. 3911; Murphy, no. 1743; Rich (1835), p. 25. This tract is reprinted with the plan in Force’s _Tracts_, vol. i. There is a copy in Harvard College library [12354.7]. Coming within the grant to Mountgomery and lying “within a day’s rowing of the English habitations in South Carolina” are certain islands called by Sir Robert, St. Symon, Sapella, Santa Catarina, and Ogeche, which were described in a tract printed in London in 1720, called _A description of the Golden Islands with an account of the undertaking now on foot for making a settlement there_. (Cf. Carter-Brown, iii. no. 266.)

There is in Harvard College library a tract attributed to John Burnwell, published also in 1720 in London: _An account of the foundation and establishment of a design now on foot for a settlement on the Golden Islands to the south of Port Royal, in Carolina_. (Sabin, iii. no. 10955.)—ED.]

[846] [This plan is reproduced in Jones’ _History of Georgia_, vol. i. p. 72; and in Gay’s _Pop. Hist. of the U. S._, iii. 142.—ED.]

[847] [In this separate shape this tract was a reprint with additions from the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1872. It has a “new map of the Cherokee nation” which it is claimed was drawn by the Indians about 1750, with the names put in by the English. A later map of the region about the Tennessee River above and below Fort Loudon appeared as “A draught of the Cherokee country on the west side of the 24 mountains, commonly called Over the hills, taken by Henry Timberlake, when he was in that country in March, 1762: likewise the names of the principal herdsmen of each town and what number of fighting men they send to war” [809 in all], which appeared in Timberlake’s _Memoirs_, 1765; and again in Jefferys’ _General Topography of North America and West Indies_, London, 1768. A copy of Timberlake with the map is in Harvard College library. The above fac-simile is from Harris’s _Oglethorpe_.—ED.]

[848] [This was reviewed by Sparks in _No. Amer. Rev._, liii. p. 448.—ED.]

[849] [The story of the founding of Georgia is necessarily told in general histories of the United States (Bancroft, Hildreth, Gay, etc.), and in articles on Oglethorpe like those in the _Southern Quart. Rev._, iii. 40, _Temple Bar_, 1878 (copied into _Living Age_, no. 1797), and _All the Year Round_, xviii. 439.—ED.]

[850] [It was reprinted in London in 1733. Both editions are in Harvard College library. It was again reprinted in the _Georgia Hist. Soc. Collections_, i. p. 42. Cf. Carter-Brown, iii. no. 494. Grahame (iii. 182) calls it “most ingenious and interesting, though somewhat fancifully colored.” Sabin (_Dictionary_, xiii. nos. 56, 846) says it is mostly taken from Salmon’s _Modern History_, 4th ed., iii. p. 700.—ED.]

[851] [It was issued in two editions in 1733; to the second was added, beginning p. 43, among other matters a letter of Oglethorpe dated “camp near Savannah, Feb. 10, 1732-3,” with another from Gov. Johnson, of South Carolina. It has a plate giving a distant view of the projected town, with emblematic accompaniments in the foreground, and the map referred to on a previous page. There is a copy of the second issue in Charles Deane’s collection. Cf. also Carter-Brown, iii. 511-12. A French translation was issued at Amsterdam in 1737 in the _Recueil de Voyages au Nord_, vol. ix., with the new map of Georgia, copied from the English edition. The original English was reprinted in the _Georgia Hist. Soc. Coll._, i. 203.—ED.]

[852] [When the sermon of Samuel Smith, Feb. 23, 1730-31, was printed in 1733, he added to it _Some account of the design of the Trustees for establishing the Colony of Georgia in America_, which was accompanied by the map referred to in the preceding note (Carter-Brown, iii. no. 516). The charter of Georgia, as well as those of Maryland, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts Bay, is given in _A list of Copies of Charters from the Commissioners for Trade and Plantations, presented to the House of Commons_, 1740 (London, 1741). It is given in English in _Mémoires des Commissaires du Roi_, vol. iv. p. 617 (London, 1757). Cf. _Mag. of Amer. Hist._, Feb., 1883, in “The Sesqui-Centennial of the founding of Georgia.” There is an appendix of documents in a _Report of the Committee appointed to examine into the proceedings of the people of Georgia with respect to South Carolina and the disputes subsisting between the two Colonies_. Charlestown, 1737. (Carter-Brown, iii. no. 570; Brinley, ii. no. 3886 with date, 1736; the Harvard College copy is also dated, 1736.)—ED.]

[853] [It is also ascribed to Benj. Martyn. It was reprinted at Annapolis in 1742, and is included in Force’s _Tracts_, vol. i., and in the _Georgia Hist. Soc. Collections_, ii. p. 265. Cf. Carter-Brown, iii. no. 685. The original is in Harvard College library. One passage in this tract (Force’s ed., p. 37) reads: “Mr. Oglethorpe has with him Sir Walter Rawlegh’s written journal, and by the latitude of the place, the marks and traditions of the Indians, it is the very first place where he went on shore, and talked with the Indians, and was the first Indian they ever saw; and about half a mile from Savannah is a high mount of earth, under which lies their chief king. And the Indians informed Mr. Oglethorpe that their king desired, before he died, that he might be buried on the spot where he talked with that great good man.” The fact that Ralegh was never in North America somewhat unsettles this fancy.—ED.]

[854] [It has an appendix of documents, and is reprinted in the _Georgia Hist. Soc. Collections_, i. 153. Cf. Carter-Brown, iii. no. 686; Barlow, no. 857. A MS. note by Dr. Harris in one of the copies in Harvard College library says that, though usually ascribed to Henry Martyn, he has good authority for assigning its authorship to John Percival, Earl of Egmont.—ED.]

[855] [This little volume is in Harvard College library; as is also _Kurzgefasste Nachricht von dem Etablissement derer Salzburgischen Emigranten zu Ebenezer, von P. G. F. von Reck_. Hamburg, 1777.—ED.]

[856] [Sabin, xiii. no. 56848.—ED.]

[857] [This tract is assigned to 1747 in the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, iii. no. 849, and in the Harvard College library catalogue.—ED.]

[858] [This important series of tracts, edited at Halle, in Germany, by Samuel Urlsperger, was begun in 1734, with the general title, _Ausführliche Nachricht von den Saltzburgischen Emigranten_. It was reissued in 1735. Judging from the copies in Harvard College library, both editions had the engraved portrait of Tomo-cachi, with his nephew, and the map of Savannah County. The 1735 edition had a special title (following the general one), _Der Ausführlichen Nachrichten von der Königlich-Gross-Britannischen Colonie Saltzburgischer Emigranten in America, Erster Theil_. In the “vierte continuation” of this part there is at p. 2073 the large folding map of the county of Savannah. With the sixth continuation a “Zweyter Theil” begins, with a general title (1736), and a “Dritter Theil” includes continuations no. 13 to 18. This thirteenth continuation has a large folding plan of Ebenezer, showing the Savannah River at the bottom, with a ship in it, and it was published by Seutter in Augsburg, with a large map of the coast. The set is rare, and the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_ (iii. no. 541) gives a collation, and adds that “only after many years’ seeking and the purchase of several imperfect copies” was its set completed. Harvard College library has a set which belonged to Ebeling. (Turell’s _Life of Colman_, 152.) Urlsperger was a correspondent of Benjamin Colman, of Boston. Calvary, of Berlin, had for sale in 1885 the correspondence of Samuel Urlsperger with Fresenius, 1738-56 (29 letters), held at 100 marks.

There is a supplemental work in four volumes, printed at Augsburg in 1754-60, bringing the journal down to 1760, _Americanisches Ackerwerk Gottes_. It is also in Harvard College library, and contains the mezzotint portrait of Bolzius, the senior minister of Ebenezer, which is engraved on wood in Gay’s _Pop. Hist. of the U. S._, iii. 155. Harvard College library has also a part of the journal, with the same title (Augsburg, 1760), which seems to belong chronologically after the third part. (Cf. _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 3926.)

Other illustrative publications may be mentioned: _Kurtze Relation aus denen aus Engelland erhaltenen Briefen von denen nach Georgien gehenden zweyten Transport Saltzburgischer Emigranten_ (cf. Leclerc, _Bibl. Americana_, 1867, no. 1512; Harrassowitz, ‘81, no. 119). _Auszug der sichern und nützlichen Nachrichten von dem Englischen America besonders von Carolina und der fruchtbaren Landschaft Georgia_, etc. ... von D. Manuel Christian Löber, Jena, without year.

Fred. Muller (_Books on America_, 1877, no. 1679) notes C. D. Kleinknecht’s _Zuverlässige Nachricht von der schwarzen Schaaf- und Lämmer-Heerde_, Augsburg, 1749, as containing in an appendix _Nachrichten von den Colonisten Georgiens zu Eben-Ezer in America_.—ED.]

[859] [This has a lithograph of the Bolzius likeness in the Urlsperger Tracts. Dr. Sprague (_American Pulpit_, vol. ix. p. vi.) calls the Salzburger settlement the fourth in order of the Lutheran immigrations into the English colonies. The same volume contains a notice of Bolzius by Strobel.—ED.]

[860] [Cf. Field, _Ind. Bibliog._, no. 1085; Sabin, xii. p. 336; Carter-Brown, iii. no. 776. It is reprinted in the _Georgia Hist. Soc. Collections_, vol. i. A London dealer, F. S. Ellis (1884, no. 204), priced a copy at £7 10_s._ Three other contemporaneous tracts of no special historical value may here be mentioned: _A New Voyage to Georgia, by a Young Gentleman_, etc., to which are added, _A Curious Account of the Indians, by an Honourable Person_ [Oglethorpe], and _A Poem to James Oglethorpe, Esq., on his arrival from Georgia_, London, 1735, with a second edition in 1737; _A Description of the famous new Colony of Georgia in South Carolina_, etc., Dublin, 1734; and _A Description of Georgia by a Gentleman who has resided there upwards of seven years, and was one of the first settlers_, London, 1741. This last (8 pp. only) is included in Force’s _Tracts_, vol. ii. Cf. Carter-Brown, iii. nos. 536, 562. It is in Harvard College library.—ED.]

[861] [The work is in three volumes, the second containing “A state of that Province [Georgia] as attested upon oath in the Court of Savannah, Nov. 10, 1740.” (Cf. Carter-Brown, iii. 720.) There is a copy in Harvard College library.—ED.]

[862] [For some years at least yearly statements of the finances were printed, as noted in a later note in connection with Burton’s sermon. A single broadside giving such a statement is preserved in Harvard College library [12343.4]; and in the same library is a folio tract called _The General Account of all Monies and Effects_, etc., London, 1736. This is in good part reprinted in Bishop Perry’s _Hist. of the American Episcopal Church_, i. 360.—ED.]

[863] Carter-Brown, iii. no. 714.

[864] [Haven’s _Ante-Revolutionary Publications_ in Thomas’s _Hist. of Printing_, ii. p. 478. The main portion of this report is given in Carroll’s _Hist. Coll. of So. Carolina_, ii. p. 348.—ED.]

[865] [The author of this tract was George Cadogan, a lieutenant in Oglethorpe’s regiment. It induced the author of the _Impartial Account_ to print _A Full Reply to Lieut. Cadogan’s Spanish Hireling, and Lieut. Mackay’s Letter concerning the Action at Moosa_, London, 1743. Cf. Carter-Brown, iii. nos. 731-32; Sabin, xiii. no. 56845. Both tracts are in Harvard College library. Two other tracts pertain to this controversy: _Both sides of the question: an inquiry_] _into a certain doubtful character_ [Oglethorpe] lately whitened by a C——t M——l, which passed to a second edition; and _The Hireling Artifice detected_, London, 1742.—ED.

[866] [There are various references to this expedition in Jones’ _Georgia_, i. p. 335, and in his _Dead Towns_, p. 91. Watt mentions a _Journal of an Expedition to the gates of St. Augustine conducted by General Oglethorpe_, by G. L. Campbell, London, 1744.—ED.]

[867] [Cf. references in the _Dead Towns of Georgia_, p. 114, and more at length in Jones’ _Georgia_, i. 335, 353. There is a plan of Frederica in the _Dead Towns_, p. 45.—ED.]

[868] [Carter-Brown, iii. no. 686. No. 707 of the same catalogue is a _Journal received Feb. 4, 1741, by the Trustees, from William Stevens, Secretary_; and in Harvard College library is the _Resolution of the Trustees, March 8, 1741, relating to the grants and tenure of lands_.—ED.]

[869] [Carter-Brown, iii. no. 706. Harvard College library catalogue ascribes this to Patrick Graham.—ED.]

[870] [Reprinted in the _Georgia Hist. Soc. Coll._, ii. p. 87; cf. Barlow’s _Rough List_, nos. 873-74. This book, which has an appendix of documents, is assigned to Thomas Stephens in the Harvard College library catalogue. A two-leaved folio tract in Harvard College library, called _The Hard Case of the distressed people of Georgia_, dated at London, Apr. 26, 1742, is signed by Stephens.—ED.]

[871] [It was reprinted in London, 1741, and is included in Force’s _Tracts_, vol. i., and in _Georgia Hist. Coll._, vol. ii. p. 163. Cf. Carter-Brown, iii. no. 696; Brinley, no. 3922; Barlow, no. 859. There is a copy in Harvard College library. F. S. Ellis, of London (1884, no. 106), prices it at £3 5_s._—ED.]

[872] [Tyler (_Amer. Lit._, ii. 292), on the contrary, says of this book: “Within a volume of only one hundred and twelve pages is compressed a masterly statement of the author’s alleged grievances at the hands of Oglethorpe. The book gives a detailed and even documentary account of the rise of the colony, and its quick immersion in suffering and disaster, through Oglethorpe’s selfishness, greed, despotism, and fanatic pursuit of social chimeras.... Whatever may be the truth or the justice of this book, it is abundantly interesting, and if any one has chanced to find the prevailing rumor of Oglethorpe somewhat nauseating in its sweetness, he may here easily allay their unpleasant effect. Certainly as a polemic it is one of the most expert pieces of writing to be met with in our early literature. It never blusters or scolds. It is always cool, poised, polite, and merciless.”—ED.]

[873] Among those which have been preserved are sermons, by Samuel Smith, LL. B., 1731; by John Burton, B. D., 1732; by Thomas Rundle, LL. D., 1733; by Stephen Hales, D. D., 1734; by George Watts, 1735; by Philip Bearcroft, D. D., 1737; by William Berriman, D. D., 1738; by Edmund Bateman, D. D., 1740; by William Best, D. D., 1741; by James King, D. D., 1742; by Lewis Bruce, A. M., 1743; by Philip Bearcroft, D. D., 1744; by Glocester Ridley, LL. B., 1745; and by Thomas Francklin, M. A., 1749. [Cf. Carter-Brown, iii. nos. 515, 528, 530, 572, 598. Burton’s sermon (London, 1733) has appended to it, beginning p. 33, “The general account of all the monies and effects received and expended by the trustees for establishing the Colony of Georgia ... for one whole year, 1732-33.” A list of these sermons is given in Perry’s _American Episcopal Church_, vol. i.—ED.]

[874] [They are described in a report of the Georgia Historical Society.—ED.]

[875] They were sold in London in July, 1881, by Mr. Henry Stevens; and, although the State of Georgia was importuned to become the purchaser of them, the General Assembly declined to act, and the volumes passed into other hands, but have recently been given to the State by Mr. J. S. Morgan, the London banker. [Cf. Stevens, _Hist. Collections_, i. p. 34. Mr. Stevens also gives in his _Bibliotheca Geographica_, no. 2618, some curious information about other MSS. in England, being records kept by William Stephens, the Secretary of the Colony, which are now at Thirlstane House, Cheltenham. A Report of the Attorney and Solicitor General to the Lords of Trade, on the proposal of the Trustees of Georgia to surrender their trust to the Crown, dated Feb. 6, 1752, is noted in vol. 61 of the Shelburne MSS., as recorded in the _Fifth Report of the Hist. MSS. Commission_, p. 230; and also, a Report of the same officer on the properest method of administering the government after the surrender. The opinion of the attorney and solicitor-general on the king’s prerogative to receive the charter of Georgia (1751) is given in Chalmers’ _Opinions of Eminent Lawyers_, i. p. 34.—ED.]

[876] [This Society was organized in Dec., 1839. Cf. _Amer. Quart. Reg._, xii. 344; _Southern Quart. Rev._, iii. 40; _The Georgia Hist. Soc., its founders, patrons, and friends_, an address by C. C. Jones, Jr., Savannah, 1881; _Proceedings at the dedication of Hodgson Hall_, 1876.—ED.]

[877] Volume I. (1840) contains the anniversary address of the Hon. William Law, February 12, 1840, reviewing the early history of the province; reprints of Oglethorpe’s _New and Accurate Account of the Provinces of South Carolina and Georgia_; of Francis Moore’s _Voyage to Georgia begun in the year 1735_; of _An Impartial Inquiry into the State and Utility of the Province of Georgia_, and of _Reasons for Establishing the Colony of Georgia with regard to the Trade of Great Britain_; together with the Hon. Thomas Spalding’s _Sketch of the life of General James Oglethorpe_.

Volume II. (1842) contains the Historical Discourse of William Bacon Stevens, M. D., and reprints of _A New Voyage to Georgia_, &c.; of _A State of the Province of Georgia attested upon Oath in the Court of Savannah, November 10, 1740_; of _A Brief Account of the causes that have retarded the progress of the Colony of Georgia_, &c.; of _A true and historical Narrative of the Colony of Georgia in America_, &c., by Patrick Tailfer, M. D., Hugh Anderson, M. A., David Douglass, and others; and of _An Account showing the Progress of the Colony of Georgia in America from its first establishment_, &c.

Volume III., part i., consists of _A Sketch of the Creek Country in the years 1798 and 1799_, by Colonel Benjamin Hawkins, with a valuable introduction by the late William B. Hodgson.

Volume III. (1873) contains letters from General Oglethorpe to the Trustees and others, covering a period from October, 1735, to August, 1744,—a report of Governor Sir James Wright to Lord Dartmouth, dated September 20th, 1773, exhibiting the condition of the Colony of Georgia,—letters from Governor Wright to the Earl of Dartmouth and Lord George Germain, from August 24th, 1774, to February 16th, 1782:—an Anniversary Address of Colonel Charles C. Jones, Jr., on the life, services, and death of Count Casimir Pulaski,—and an Address by Dr. Richard D. Arnold commemorative of the organization of the Georgia Historical Society and of the Savannah Library Association.

Volume IV. (1878) contains _The Dead Towns of Georgia_, by Charles C. Jones, Jr. (also published separately), and _Itinerant Observations in America_, reprinted from the London Magazine of 1745-6. In the _Dead Towns of Georgia_ the author perpetuates the almost forgotten memories of Old and New Ebenezer, of Frederica, of Abercorn, of Sunbury, of Hardwick, of Petersburg, and of lesser towns and plantations, once vital and influential, but now covered with the mantle of decay. This contribution embraces a large portion of the early history of the province, and recounts the vicissitudes and the mistakes encountered during the epoch of colonization. It is illustrated with engraved plans of New Ebenezer, Frederica, Sunbury, Fort Morris, and Hardwick, and revives traditions and recollections of persons and places which had become quite forgotten.

To the _Itinerant Observations in America_ the student will turn with pleasure for early impressions of the province, and especially of its southern confines.

[878]

1. Plan of Ebenezer and its fort.
2. Plan of Savannah and fortifications.
3. Chart of Savannah Sound.
4. Plan and profile of Fort George on Coxpur Island.
5. Environs of Fort Barrington.
6. Plan and view of Fort Barrington.

[The plan of Ebenezer is also reproduced by Col. Jones in his _Dead Towns_ and in his _Hist. of Georgia_.—ED.]

[879] [This series is thus entered in the Harvard College library catalogue:—

Wormsloe quartos. Edited by G. Wymberley-Jones De Renne. 5 vol. Wormsloe, Ga. 1847-81. 4^o; and sm. f^o, _large paper_. _Namely_:—

i. [WALTON, G., _and others_.] Observations upon the effects of certain late political suggestions. By the delegates of Georgia [G. Walton, W. Few, R. Howly]. 1847. 4^o. First printed at Philadelphia in 1781. 21 copies reprinted: with a reproduction of the original title-page.

ii. DE BRAHM, J. G. W. History of the province of Georgia. 1849. 4^o. 6 _maps_. 49 copies privately printed from a part of a manuscript in Harvard College library, entitled: “History of the three provinces, South Carolina, Georgia, and east Florida.”

iii. PINCKNEY, _Mrs._ E. (L.). Journal and letters [July 1, 1739-Feb. 27, 1762. Edited by Mrs. H. P. Holbrook.] Now first printed. 1850. 4^o. “Privately printed. Limited to 19 copies.”

iv. SARGENT, W. Diary [relating to St. Clair’s expedition. 1791]. Now first printed. 1851. “Privately printed. Limited to 46 copies.”

v. GEORGIA (_Colony of_)—_General Assembly._ Acts passed by the assembly. 1755-74. Now first printed. [Prepared for publication by C. C. Jones, Jr.] 1881. f^o. “Privately printed. Limited to 49 copies.” “The materials for this work were obtained from the public record office in London, by the late G. Wymberley-Jones De Renne, who intended himself to prepare them for the press.”

Cf. Sabin, ii. no. 7325.—ED.]

[880] [The lives of Wesley as touching this early experience of his life, as well as illustrating a moral revolution, which took within its range all the English colonies during the period of the present volume, may properly be characterized here:—

The introduction to Rigg’s _Living Wesley_ is devoted to a criticism of the different accounts of John Wesley, and the student will find further bibliographical help in a paper on “Wesley and his biographers,” by W. C. Hoyt in the _Methodist Quarterly_, vol. viii.; in the article in Allibone’s _Dict. of Authors_; in Decanver’s [Cavender _pseud._] list of books, written in refutation of Methodism; and in the list of authorities given by Southey in his _Life of Wesley_.

Wesley left three literary executors,—Coke, Moore, and Whitehead, his physician; and his journals and papers were put into the hands of the last named. Coke and Moore, however, acting independently, were the first to publish a hasty memoir, and Whitehead followed in 1793-96; but his proved to be the work of a theological partisan. A memoir by Hampton was ready when Wesley died, but it turned out to be very meagre.

Next came the life by Southey in 1820. He had no sources of information beyond the printed material open to all; but he had literary skill to make the most of it, and appreciation enough of his subject to elevate Wesley’s standing in the opinion of such as were outside of his communion. He accordingly made an account of a great moral revolution, which has been by no means superseded in popular usefulness.

Now followed a number of lives intended to correct the representations of previous biographers, and in some cases to offer views more satisfactory to the Methodists themselves. Moore, in 1824, found something to correct in the accounts of both Whitehead and Southey. Watson, in 1831, aimed to displace what Southey had said unsatisfactory to the sect, and to correct Southey’s chronological order; but he made his narrative slight and incomplete. Southey was, however, chiefly relied upon by Mrs. Oliphant in her sketch, first in _Blackwood’s Mag._, Oct., 1868, and later in her _Hist. Sketches of the Reign of George II._; but while Dr. Rigg acknowledges it to be clever, he calls it full of misconceptions. Mrs. Julia Wedgwood, in her _John Wesley and the Evangelical Reaction of the Eighteenth Century_ (London, 1870), relied so much on Southey, as the Methodists say, that she neglected later information; but she so far accorded with the general estimation of Wesley in the denomination as to reject Southey’s theory of his ambition.

In the general histories of English Methodism, Wesley necessarily plays a conspicuous part, and their authors are among the most important of his biographers. The first volume of George Smith’s history was in effect a life of Wesley, though somewhat incomplete as such; but in Abel Stevens’s opening volumes the story is told more completely and with graphic skill. There is an excellent account of these days in chapter 19 of Earl Stanhope’s _History of England_, and a careful summary is given in the fourth volume of the _Pictorial History of England_.