Chapter CIV: Section 3: , telephone 886 (2) 2709-2000, FAX 886 (2) 2702-7675, (39)

Kuwait:
13 (plus several satellite channels) (1997)

Kyrgyzstan:
NA (repeater stations throughout the country relay
programs from Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkey) (1997)

Laos:
4 (1999)

Latvia:
44 (plus 31 repeaters) (1995)

Lebanon:
15 (plus 5 repeaters) (1995)

Lesotho:
1 (2000)

Liberia:
2 (plus four low-power repeaters) (2000)

Libya:
12 (plus one low-power repeater) (1998)

Liechtenstein:
NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997)

Lithuania:
20 (plus 30 repeaters) (1995)

Luxembourg:
5 (1999)

Macau:
0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
31 (plus 166 repeaters)
(1995)

Madagascar:
1 (plus 36 repeaters) (1997)

Malawi:
1 (1999)

Malaysia:
27 (plus 15 high-power repeaters) (1999)

Maldives:
1 (1997)

Mali:
1 (plus two repeaters) (1997)

Malta:
6 (2000)

Man, Isle of:
0 (receives broadcasts from the UK and satellite)
(1999)

Marshall Islands:
3 (of which two are US military stations) (1997)

Martinique:
11 (plus nine repeaters) (1997)

Mauritania:
1 (1997)

Mauritius:
2 (plus 11 repeaters) (1997)

Mayotte:
3 (1997)

Mexico:
236 (plus repeaters) (1997)

Micronesia, Federated States of:
2 (1997)

Moldova:
1 (plus 30 repeaters) (1995)

Monaco:
5 (1998)

Mongolia:
4 (plus 18 provincial repeaters and many low powered
repeaters) (1999)

Montserrat:
1 (1997)

Morocco:
35 (plus 66 repeaters) (1995)

Mozambique:
1 (2000)

Namibia:
8 (plus about 20 low-power repeaters) (1997)

Nauru:
1 (1997)

Nepal:
1 (plus 9 repeaters) (1998)

Netherlands:
21 (plus 26 repeaters) (1995)

Netherlands Antilles:
3 (there is also a cable service which
supplies programs received from various US satellite networks and
two Venezuelan channels) (1997)

New Caledonia:
6 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1997)

New Zealand:
41 (plus 52 medium-power repeaters and over 650
low-power repeaters) (1997)

Nicaragua:
3 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (1997)

Niger:
10 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (1997)

Nigeria:
2 government-controlled; note - in addition, in 1993, 14
licenses to operate private television stations were granted (1999)

Niue:
1 (1997)

Norfolk Island:
1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that
bring in Australian programs by satellite) (1998)

Northern Mariana Islands:
1 (on Saipan and one station planned for
Rota; in addition, two cable services on Saipan provide varied
programming from satellite networks) (1997)

Norway:
360 (plus 2,729 repeaters) (1995)

Oman:
13 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1999)

Pakistan:
22 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (1997)

Palau:
1 (1997)

Panama:
38 (including repeaters) (1998)

Papua New Guinea:
3 (1997)

Paraguay:
4 (2001)

Peru:
13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997)

Philippines:
31 (1997)

Pitcairn Islands:
0 (1997)

Poland:
179 (plus 256 repeaters) (September 1995)

Portugal:
62 (plus 166 repeaters)

note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands (1995)

Puerto Rico:
18 (plus three stations of the US Armed Forces Radio
and Television Service) (1997)

Qatar:
2 (plus three repeaters) (1997)

Reunion:
22 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (1997)

Romania:
48 (plus 392 repeaters) (1995)

Russia:
7,306 (1998)

Rwanda:
2 (1997)

Saint Helena:
0 (1997)

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
1 (plus three repeaters) (1997)

Saint Lucia:
3 (of which two are commercial stations and one is a
community antenna television or CATV channel) (1997)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
0 (there are, however, two repeaters
which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
1 (plus three repeaters) (1997)

Samoa:
6 (1997)

San Marino:
1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from
Italy) (1997)

Sao Tome and Principe:
2 (1997)

Saudi Arabia:
117 (1997)

Senegal:
1 (1997)

Seychelles:
2 (plus 9 repeaters) (1997)

Sierra Leone:
2 (1999)

Singapore:
6 (2000)

Slovakia:
38 (plus 864 repeaters) (1995)

Slovenia:
48 (2001)

Solomon Islands:
0 (1997)

Somalia:
1 (1997)

South Africa:
556 (plus 144 network repeaters) (1997)

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands:
0 (1997)

Spain:
224 (plus 2,105 repeaters)

note: these figures include 11 television broadcast stations and 88
repeaters in the Canary Islands (1995)

Sri Lanka:
21 (1997)

Sudan:
3 (1997)

Suriname:
3 (plus seven repeaters) (2000)

Svalbard:
NA

Swaziland:
10 (2000)

Sweden:
169 (plus 1,299 repeaters) (1995)

Switzerland:
115 (plus 1,919 repeaters) (1995)

Syria:
44 (plus 17 repeaters) (1995)

Tajikistan:
0 (there are, however, repeaters that relay programs
from Russia, Iran, and Turkey) (1997)

Tanzania:
3 (1999)

Thailand:
5 (all in Bangkok; plus 131 repeaters) (1997)

Togo:
3 (plus two repeaters) (1997)

Tokelau:
NA

Tonga:
1 (2001)

Trinidad and Tobago:
4 (1997)

Tunisia:
26 (plus 76 repeaters) (1995)

Turkey:
635 (plus 2,934 repeaters) (1995)

Turkmenistan:
3 (much programming relayed from Russia and Turkey)
(1997)

Turks and Caicos Islands:
0 (broadcasts from The Bahamas are
received; cable television is established) (1997)

Tuvalu:
0 (1997)

Uganda:
8 (plus one low-power repeater) (1999)

Ukraine:
at least 33 (plus 21 repeaters that relay broadcasts from
Russia) (1997)

United Arab Emirates:
15 (1997)

United Kingdom:
228 (plus 3,523 repeaters) (1995)

United States:
more than 1,500 (including nearly 1,000 stations
affiliated with the five major networks - NBC, ABC, CBS, FOX, and
PBS; in addition, there are about 9,000 cable TV systems) (1997)

Uruguay:
26 (plus ten low-power repeaters for the Montevideo
station) (1997)

Uzbekistan:
4 (plus two repeaters that relay Russian, Kazakh,
Kyrgyz, and Tadzhik programs) (1997)

Vanuatu:
1 (1997)

Venezuela:
66 (plus 45 repeaters) (1997)

Vietnam:
at least 7 (plus 13 repeaters) (1998)

Virgin Islands:
2 (1997)

Wake Island:
0 (1997)

Wallis and Futuna:
2 (2000)

West Bank:
NA

Western Sahara:
NA

World:
NA

Yemen:
7 (plus several low-power repeaters) (1997)

Yugoslavia:
more than 771 (including 86 strong stations and 685
low-power stations, plus 20 repeaters in the principal networks;
also numerous local or private stations in Serbia and Vojvodina)
(1997)

Zambia:
9 (1997)

Zimbabwe:
16 (1997)

Taiwan:
29 (plus two repeaters) (1997)

======================================================================

@Televisions

Afghanistan:
100,000 (1999)

Albania:
405,000 (1997)

Algeria:
3.1 million (1997)

American Samoa:
14,000 (1997)

Andorra:
27,000 (1997)

Angola:
150,000 (1997)

Anguilla:
1,000 (1997)

Antarctica:
several hundred at McMurdo Sound

note: information for US bases only (2001)

Antigua and Barbuda:
31,000 (1997)

Argentina:
7.95 million (1997)

Armenia:
825,000 (1997)

Aruba:
20,000 (1997)

Australia:
10.15 million (1997)

Austria:
4.25 million (1997)

Azerbaijan:
170,000 (1997)

Bahamas, The:
67,000 (1997)

Bahrain:
275,000 (1997)

Bangladesh:
770,000 (1997)

Barbados:
76,000 (1997)

Belarus:
2.52 million (1997)

Belgium:
4.72 million (1997)

Belize:
41,000 (1997)

Benin:
60,000 (1997)

Bermuda:
66,000 (1997)

Bhutan:
11,000 (1997)

Bolivia:
900,000 (1997)

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
NA

Botswana:
31,000 (1997)

Brazil:
36.5 million (1997)

British Indian Ocean Territory:
NA

British Virgin Islands:
4,000 (1997)

Brunei:
201,900 (1998)

Bulgaria:
3.31 million (1997)

Burkina Faso:
100,000 (1997)

Burma:
320,000 (2000)

Burundi:
25,000 (1997)

Cambodia:
94,000 (1997)

Cameroon:
450,000 (1997)

Canada:
21.5 million (1997)

Cape Verde:
2,000 (1997)

Cayman Islands:
7,000 (1997)

Central African Republic:
18,000 (1997)

Chad:
10,000 (1997)

Chile:
3.15 million (1997)

China:
400 million (1997)

Christmas Island:
600 (1997)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
NA

Colombia:
4.59 million (1997)

Comoros:
1,000 (1997)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
6.478 million (1997)

Congo, Republic of the:
33,000 (1997)

Cook Islands:
4,000 (1997)

Costa Rica:
525,000 (1997)

Cote d'Ivoire:
900,000 (1997)

Croatia:
1.22 million (1997)

Cuba:
2.64 million (1997)

Cyprus:
Greek Cypriot area: 248,000 (1997); Turkish Cypriot area:
52,300 (1994)

Czech Republic:
3,405,834 (December 2000)

Denmark:
3.121 million (1997)

Djibouti:
28,000 (1997)

Dominica:
6,000 (1997)

Dominican Republic:
770,000 (1997)

Ecuador:
1.55 million (1997)

Egypt:
7.7 million (1997)

El Salvador:
600,000 (1990)

Equatorial Guinea:
4,000 (1997)

Eritrea:
1,000 (1997)

Estonia:
605,000 (1997)

Ethiopia:
320,000 (1997)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
1,000 (1997)

Faroe Islands:
15,000 (1997)

Fiji:
21,000 (1997)

Finland:
3.2 million (1997)

France:
34.8 million (1997)

French Guiana:
30,000 (1997)

French Polynesia:
40,000 (1997)

Gabon:
63,000 (1997)

Gambia, The:
5,000 (2000)

Gaza Strip:
NA; note - most Palestinian households have televisions
(1997)

Georgia:
2.57 million (1997)

Germany:
51.4 million (1998)

Ghana:
1.73 million (1997)

Gibraltar:
10,000 (1997)

Greece:
2.54 million (1997)

Greenland:
30,000 (1998 est.)

Grenada:
33,000 (1997)

Guadeloupe:
118,000 (1997)

Guam:
106,000 (1997)

Guatemala:
1.323 million (1997)

Guernsey:
NA

Guinea:
85,000 (1997)

Guinea-Bissau:
NA

Guyana:
46,000 (1997)

Haiti:
38,000 (1997)

Holy See (Vatican City):
NA

Honduras:
570,000 (1997)

Hong Kong:
1.84 million (1997)

Hungary:
4.42 million (1997)

Iceland:
98,000 (1997)

India:
63 million (1997)

Indonesia:
13.75 million (1997)

Iran:
4.61 million (1997)

Iraq:
1.75 million (1997)

Ireland:
1.82 million (2001)

Israel:
1.69 million (1997)

Italy:
30.3 million (1997)

Jamaica:
460,000 (1997)

Japan:
86.5 million (1997)

Jersey:
NA

Jordan:
500,000 (1997)

Kazakhstan:
3.88 million (1997)

Kenya:
730,000 (1997)

Kiribati:
1,000 (1997)

Korea, North:
1.2 million (1997)

Korea, South:
15.9 million (1997)

Kuwait:
875,000 (1997)

Kyrgyzstan:
210,000 (1997)

Laos:
52,000 (1997)

Latvia:
1.22 million (1997)

Lebanon:
1.18 million (1997)

Lesotho:
54,000 (1997)

Liberia:
70,000 (1997)

Libya:
730,000 (1997)

Liechtenstein:
12,000 (1997)

Lithuania:
1.7 million (1997)

Luxembourg:
285,000 (1998 est.)

Macau:
49,000 (1997)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
510,000 (1997)

Madagascar:
325,000 (1997)

Malawi:
0 (1999)

Malaysia:
10.8 million (1999)

Maldives:
10,000 (1999)

Mali:
45,000 (1997)

Malta:
280,000 (1997)

Man, Isle of:
27,490 (1999)

Marshall Islands:
NA

Martinique:
66,000 (1997)

Mauritania:
87,000 (1998)

Mauritius:
258,000 (1997)

Mayotte:
3,500 (1994)

Mexico:
25.6 million (1997)

Micronesia, Federated States of:
NA

Moldova:
1.26 million (1997)

Monaco:
25,000 (1997)

Mongolia:
168,800 (1999)

Montserrat:
3,000 (1997)

Morocco:
3.1 million (1997)

Mozambique:
67,600 (2000)

Namibia:
60,000 (1997)

Nauru:
500 (1997)

Nepal:
130,000 (1997)

Netherlands:
8.1 million (1997)

Netherlands Antilles:
69,000 (1997)

New Caledonia:
52,000 (1997)

New Zealand:
1.926 million (1997)

Nicaragua:
320,000 (1997)

Niger:
125,000 (1997)

Nigeria:
6.9 million (1997)

Niue:
NA

Norfolk Island:
1,200 (1996)

Northern Mariana Islands:
NA

Norway:
2.03 million (1997)

Oman:
1.6 million (1997)

Pakistan:
3.1 million (1997)

Palau:
11,000 (1997)

Panama:
510,000 (1997)

Papua New Guinea:
42,000 (1997)

Paraguay:
990,000 (2001)

Peru:
3.06 million (1997)

Philippines:
3.7 million (1997)

Pitcairn Islands:
NA

Poland:
13.05 million (1997)

Portugal:
3.31 million (1997)

Puerto Rico:
1.021 million (1997)

Qatar:
230,000 (1997)

Reunion:
127,000 (1997)

Romania:
5.25 million (1997)

Russia:
60.5 million (1997)

Rwanda:
NA; probably less than 1,000 (1997)

Saint Helena:
2,000 (1997)

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
10,000 (1997)

Saint Lucia:
32,000 (1997)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
4,000 (1997)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
18,000 (1997)

Samoa:
11,000 (1997)

San Marino:
9,000 (1997)

Sao Tome and Principe:
23,000 (1997)

Saudi Arabia:
5.1 million (1997)

Senegal:
361,000 (1997)

Seychelles:
11,000 (1997)

Sierra Leone:
53,000 (1997)

Singapore:
1.33 million (1997)

Slovakia:
2.62 million (1997)

Slovenia:
710,000 (1997)

Solomon Islands:
3,000 (1997)

Somalia:
135,000 (1997)

South Africa:
5.2 million (1997)

Spain:
16.2 million (1997)

Sri Lanka:
1.53 million (1997)

Sudan:
2.38 million (1997)

Suriname:
63,000 (1997)

Svalbard:
NA

Swaziland:
21,000 (1997)

Sweden:
4.6 million (1997)

Switzerland:
3.31 million (1997)

Syria:
1.05 million (1997)

Tajikistan:
860,000 (1991)

Tanzania:
103,000 (1997)

Thailand:
15.19 million (1997)

Togo:
73,000 (1997)

Tokelau:
NA

Tonga:
2,000 (1997)

Trinidad and Tobago:
425,000 (1997)

Tunisia:
920,000 (1997)

Turkey:
20.9 million (1997)

Turkmenistan:
820,000 (1997)

Turks and Caicos Islands:
NA

Tuvalu:
800

Uganda:
315,000 (1997)

Ukraine:
18.05 million (1997)

United Arab Emirates:
310,000 (1997)

United Kingdom:
30.5 million (1997)

United States:
219 million (1997)

Uruguay:
782,000 (1997)

Uzbekistan:
6.4 million (1997)

Vanuatu:
2,000 (1997)

Venezuela:
4.1 million (1997)

Vietnam:
3.57 million (1997)

Virgin Islands:
68,000 (1997)

Wallis and Futuna:
NA

West Bank:
NA; note - many Palestinian households have televisions
(1999)

Western Sahara:
6,000 (1997)

World:
NA

Yemen:
470,000 (1997)

Yugoslavia:
2.75 million (1997)

Zambia:
277,000 (1997)

Zimbabwe:
370,000 (1997)

Taiwan:
8.8 million (1998)

======================================================================

@Terrain

Afghanistan:
mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest

Albania:
mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast

Algeria:
mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow,
discontinuous coastal plain

American Samoa:
five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited
coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island)

Andorra:
rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys

Angola:
narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

Anguilla:
flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone

Antarctica:
about 98% thick continental ice sheet and 2% barren
rock, with average elevations between 2,000 and 4,000 meters;
mountain ranges up to 5,140 meters; ice-free coastal areas include
parts of southern Victoria Land, Wilkes Land, the Antarctic
Peninsula area, and parts of Ross Island on McMurdo Sound; glaciers
form ice shelves along about half of the coastline, and floating ice
shelves constitute 11% of the area of the continent

Antigua and Barbuda:
mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands,
with some higher volcanic areas

Arctic Ocean:
central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar
icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure
ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the
Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the
New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland
and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the
summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends
to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50%
continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the
remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges
(Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)

Argentina:
rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to
rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western
border

Armenia:
Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast
flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley

Aruba:
flat with a few hills; scant vegetation

Ashmore and Cartier Islands:
low with sand and coral

Atlantic Ocean:
surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador
Sea, Denmark Strait, and Baltic Sea from October to June; clockwise
warm-water gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the northern
Atlantic, counterclockwise warm-water gyre in the southern Atlantic;
the ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged
north-south centerline for the entire Atlantic basin

Australia:
mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in
southeast

Austria:
in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the
eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping

Azerbaijan:
large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland) (much
of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north,
Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) in west; Baku lies on Abseron
Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea

Bahamas, The:
long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills

Bahrain:
mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central
escarpment

Baker Island:
low, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrow
fringing reef

Bangladesh:
mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast

Barbados:
relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region

Bassas da India:
volcanic rock

Belarus:
generally flat and contains much marshland

Belgium:
flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills,
rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast

Belize:
flat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south

Benin:
mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains

Bermuda:
low hills separated by fertile depressions

Bhutan:
mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna

Bolivia:
rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano),
hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
mountains and valleys

Botswana:
predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari
Desert in southwest

Bouvet Island:
volcanic; maximum elevation about 800 m; coast is
mostly inaccessible

Brazil:
mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains,
hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt

British Indian Ocean Territory:
flat and low (most areas do not
exceed four meters in elevation)

British Virgin Islands:
coral islands relatively flat; volcanic
islands steep, hilly

Brunei:
flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland
in west

Bulgaria:
mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast

Burkina Faso:
mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in
west and southeast

Burma:
central lowlands ringed by steep, rugged highlands

Burundi:
hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some
plains

Cambodia:
mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north

Cameroon:
diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected
plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north

Canada:
mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in
southeast

Cape Verde:
steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic

Cayman Islands:
low-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs

Central African Republic:
vast, flat to rolling, monotonous plateau;
scattered hills in northeast and southwest

Chad:
broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in
northwest, lowlands in south

Chile:
low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes
in east

China:
mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains,
deltas, and hills in east

Christmas Island:
steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central
plateau

Clipperton Island:
coral atoll

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
flat, low-lying coral atolls

Colombia:
flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes
Mountains, eastern lowland plains

Comoros:
volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to
low hills

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
vast central basin is a low-lying
plateau; mountains in east

Congo, Republic of the:
coastal plain, southern basin, central
plateau, northern basin

Cook Islands:
low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in
south

Coral Sea Islands:
sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays)

Costa Rica:
coastal plains separated by rugged mountains

Cote d'Ivoire:
mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in
northwest

Croatia:
geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border,
low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands

Cuba:
mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains
in the southeast

Cyprus:
central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered
but significant plains along southern coast

Czech Republic:
Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains,
hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east
consists of very hilly country

Denmark:
low and flat to gently rolling plains

Djibouti:
coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains

Dominica:
rugged mountains of volcanic origin

Dominican Republic:
rugged highlands and mountains with fertile
valleys interspersed

Ecuador:
coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands
(sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)

Egypt:
vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta

El Salvador:
mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central
plateau

Equatorial Guinea:
coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands
are volcanic

Eritrea:
dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending
highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the
northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling
plains

Estonia:
marshy, lowlands

Ethiopia:
high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great
Rift Valley

Europa Island:
low and flat

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
rocky, hilly, mountainous with
some boggy, undulating plains

Faroe Islands:
rugged, rocky, some low peaks; cliffs along most of
coast

Fiji:
mostly mountains of volcanic origin

Finland:
mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes
and low hills

France:
mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and
west; remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps
in east

French Guiana:
low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small
mountains

French Polynesia:
mixture of rugged high islands and low islands
with reefs

French Southern and Antarctic Lands:
volcanic

Gabon:
narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and
south

Gambia, The:
flood plain of the Gambia river flanked by some low
hills

Gaza Strip:
flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain

Georgia:
largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the
north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi
(Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River
Basin in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains,
foothills of Kolkhida Lowland

Germany:
lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south

Ghana:
mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area

Gibraltar:
a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar

Glorioso Islands:
low and flat

Greece:
mostly mountains with ranges extending into the sea as
peninsulas or chains of islands

Greenland:
flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow,
mountainous, barren, rocky coast

Grenada:
volcanic in origin with central mountains

Guadeloupe:
Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior
mountains; Grande-Terre is low limestone formation; most of the
seven other islands are volcanic in origin

Guam:
volcanic origin, surrounded by coral reefs; relatively flat
coralline limestone plateau (source of most fresh water), with steep
coastal cliffs and narrow coastal plains in north, low-rising hills
in center, mountains in south

Guatemala:
mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling
limestone plateau (Peten)

Guernsey:
mostly level with low hills in southwest

Guinea:
generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior

Guinea-Bissau:
mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east

Guyana:
mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south

Haiti:
mostly rough and mountainous

Heard Island and McDonald Islands:
Heard Island - bleak and
mountainous, with a quiescent volcano; McDonald Islands - small and
rocky

Holy See (Vatican City):
low hill

Honduras:
mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains

Hong Kong:
hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north

Howland Island:
low-lying, nearly level, sandy, coral island
surrounded by a narrow fringing reef; depressed central area

Hungary:
mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on
the Slovakian border

Iceland:
mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields;
coast deeply indented by bays and fiords

India:
upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain
along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north

Indian Ocean:
surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad,
circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique
reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low
atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer
air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast
winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from
cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and
northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated
by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian
Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge

Indonesia:
mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior
mountains

Iran:
rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts,
mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts

Iraq:
mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in
south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran
and Turkey

Ireland:
mostly level to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged
hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast

Israel:
Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central
mountains; Jordan Rift Valley

Italy:
mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands

Jamaica:
mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain

Jan Mayen:
volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers

Japan:
mostly rugged and mountainous

Jarvis Island:
sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing
reef

Jersey:
gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast

Johnston Atoll:
mostly flat

Jordan:
mostly desert plateau in east, highland area in west; Great
Rift Valley separates East and West Banks of the Jordan River

Juan de Nova Island:
low and flat

Kazakhstan:
extends from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from
the plains in western Siberia to oases and desert in Central Asia

Kenya:
low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift
Valley; fertile plateau in west

Kingman Reef:
low and nearly level

Kiribati:
mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs

Korea, North:
mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow
valleys; coastal plains wide in west, discontinuous in east

Korea, South:
mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in
west and south

Kuwait:
flat to slightly undulating desert plain

Kyrgyzstan:
peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins
encompass entire nation

Laos:
mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus

Latvia:
low plain

Lebanon:
narrow coastal plain; Al Biqa' (Bekaa Valley) separates
Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains

Lesotho:
mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains

Liberia:
mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling
plateau and low mountains in northeast

Libya:
mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus,
depressions

Liechtenstein:
mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in
western third

Lithuania:
lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil

Luxembourg:
mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow
valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope
down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast

Macau:
generally flat

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
mountainous territory
covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each
divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River

Madagascar:
narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in
center

Malawi:
narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills,
some mountains

Malaysia:
coastal plains rising to hills and mountains

Maldives:
flat, with white sandy beaches

Mali:
mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand;
savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast

Malta:
mostly low, rocky, flat to dissected plains; many coastal
cliffs

Man, Isle of:
hills in north and south bisected by central valley

Marshall Islands:
low coral limestone and sand islands

Martinique:
mountainous with indented coastline; dormant volcano

Mauritania:
mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central
hills

Mauritius:
small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains
encircling central plateau

Mayotte:
generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient
volcanic peaks

Mexico:
high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus;
desert

Micronesia, Federated States of:
islands vary geologically from high
mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on
Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Truk

Midway Islands:
low, nearly level

Moldova:
rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea

Monaco:
hilly, rugged, rocky

Mongolia:
vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe,
mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central

Montserrat:
volcanic islands, mostly mountainous, with small coastal
lowland

Morocco:
northern coast and interior are mountainous with large
areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal
plains

Mozambique:
mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high
plateaus in northwest, mountains in west

Namibia:
mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari
Desert in east

Nauru:
sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs
with phosphate plateau in center

Navassa Island:
raised coral and limestone plateau, flat to
undulating; ringed by vertical white cliffs (9 to 15 m high)

Nepal:
Terai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central
hill region, rugged Himalayas in north

Netherlands:
mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders);
some hills in southeast

Netherlands Antilles:
generally hilly, volcanic interiors

New Caledonia:
coastal plains with interior mountains

New Zealand:
predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains

Nicaragua:
extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central
interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by
volcanoes

Niger:
predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling
plains in south; hills in north

Nigeria:
southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus;
mountains in southeast, plains in north

Niue:
steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau

Norfolk Island:
volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains

Northern Mariana Islands:
southern islands are limestone with level
terraces and fringing coral reefs; northern islands are volcanic

Norway:
glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken
by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply
indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north

Oman:
central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south

Pacific Ocean:
surface currents in the northern Pacific are
dominated by a clockwise, warm-water gyre (broad circular system of
currents) and in the southern Pacific by a counterclockwise,
cool-water gyre; in the northern Pacific, sea ice forms in the
Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk in winter; in the southern Pacific,
sea ice from Antarctica reaches its northernmost extent in October;
the ocean floor in the eastern Pacific is dominated by the East
Pacific Rise, while the western Pacific is dissected by deep
trenches, including the Mariana Trench, which is the world's deepest

Pakistan:
flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and
northwest; Balochistan plateau in west

Palau:
varying geologically from the high, mountainous main island
of Babelthuap to low, coral islands usually fringed by large barrier
reefs

Palmyra Atoll:
very low

Panama:
interior mostly steep, rugged mountains and dissected,
upland plains; coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills

Papua New Guinea:
mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling
foothills

Paracel Islands:
mostly low and flat

Paraguay:
grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay; Gran
Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the
river, and dry forest and thorny scrub elsewhere

Peru:
western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center
(sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)

Philippines:
mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal
lowlands

Pitcairn Islands:
rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with
cliffs

Poland:
mostly flat plain; mountains along southern border

Portugal:
mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in
south

Puerto Rico:
mostly mountains, with coastal plain belt in north;
mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most
coastal areas

Qatar:
mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and
gravel

Reunion:
mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast

Romania:
central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of
Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from
the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps

Russia:
broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous
forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern
border regions

Rwanda:
mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with
altitude declining from west to east

Saint Helena:
Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered
plateaus and plains

note: the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
volcanic with mountainous interiors

Saint Lucia:
volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile
valleys

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
mostly barren rock

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
volcanic, mountainous

Samoa:
narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains
in interior

San Marino:
rugged mountains

Sao Tome and Principe:
volcanic, mountainous

Saudi Arabia:
mostly uninhabited, sandy desert

Senegal:
generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in
southeast

Seychelles:
Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky,
hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs

Sierra Leone:
coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country,
upland plateau, mountains in east

Singapore:
lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water
catchment area and nature preserve

Slovakia:
rugged mountains in the central and northern part and
lowlands in the south

Slovenia:
a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain
region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountain and valleys
with numerous rivers to the east

Solomon Islands:
mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls

Somalia:
mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north

South Africa:
vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and
narrow coastal plain

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands:
most of the islands,
rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South
Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains;
the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active
volcanoes

Southern Ocean:
the Southern Ocean is deep, 4,000 to 5,000 meters
over most of its extent with only limited areas of shallow water;
the Antarctic continental shelf is generally narrow and unusually
deep - its edge lying at depths of 400 to 800 meters (the global
mean is 133 meters); the Antarctic icepack grows from an average
minimum of 2.6 million square kilometers in March to about 18.8
million square kilometers in September, better than a sixfold
increase in area; the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (21,000 km in
length) moves perpetually eastward; it is the world's largest ocean
current, transporting 130 million cubic meters of water per second -
100 times the flow of all the world's rivers

Spain:
large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills;
Pyrenees in north

Spratly Islands:
flat

Sri Lanka:
mostly low, flat to rolling plain; mountains in
south-central interior

Sudan:
generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in east and west

Suriname:
mostly rolling hills; narrow coastal plain with swamps

Svalbard:
wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered;
west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along
west and north coasts

Swaziland:
mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains

Sweden:
mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west

Switzerland:
mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest)
with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes

Syria:
primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain;
mountains in west

Tajikistan:
Pamir and Alay mountains dominate landscape; western
Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

Tanzania:
plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north,
south

Thailand:
central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains
elsewhere

Togo:
gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern
plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Tokelau:
low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons

Tonga:
most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral
formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base

Trinidad and Tobago:
mostly plains with some hills and low mountains

Tromelin Island:
low, flat, and sandy

Tunisia:
mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south
merges into the Sahara

Turkey:
mostly mountains; narrow coastal plain; high central plateau
(Anatolia)

Turkmenistan:
flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to
mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran;
borders Caspian Sea in west

Turks and Caicos Islands:
low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and
mangrove swamps

Tuvalu:
very low-lying and narrow coral atolls

Uganda:
mostly plateau with rim of mountains

Ukraine:
most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and
plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians),
and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south

United Arab Emirates:
flat, barren coastal plain merging into
rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east

United Kingdom:
mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to
rolling plains in east and southeast

United States:
vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low
mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in
Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii

Uruguay:
mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland

Uzbekistan:
mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad,
flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya,
Sirdaryo (Syr Darya), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east
surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral
Sea in west

Vanuatu:
mostly mountains of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains

Venezuela:
Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest;
central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast

Vietnam:
low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands;
hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest

Virgin Islands:
mostly hilly to rugged and mountainous with little
level land

Wake Island:
atoll of three coral islands built up on an underwater
volcano; central lagoon is former crater, islands are part of the rim

Wallis and Futuna:
volcanic origin; low hills

West Bank:
mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west,
but barren in east

Western Sahara:
mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or
sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast

World:
the greatest ocean depth is the Mariana Trench at 10,924 m in
the Pacific Ocean

Yemen:
narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged
mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the
desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula

Yugoslavia:
extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to
the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient
mountains and hills; to the southwest, extremely high shoreline with
no islands off the coast

Zambia:
mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains

Zimbabwe:
mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high
veld); mountains in east

Taiwan:
eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently
rolling plains in west

======================================================================

@Total fertility rate

Afghanistan:
5.79 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Albania:
2.32 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Algeria:
2.72 children born/woman (2001 est.)

American Samoa:
3.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Andorra:
1.25 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Angola:
6.48 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Anguilla:
1.79 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda:
2.31 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Argentina:
2.44 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Armenia:
1.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Aruba:
1.8 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Australia:
1.77 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Austria:
1.39 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Azerbaijan:
2.24 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Bahamas, The:
2.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Bahrain:
2.79 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Bangladesh:
2.78 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Barbados:
1.64 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Belarus:
1.28 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Belgium:
1.61 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Belize:
4.05 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Benin:
6.23 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Bermuda:
1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Bhutan:
5.07 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Bolivia:
3.51 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
1.71 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Botswana:
3.7 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Brazil:
2.09 children born/woman (2001 est.)

British Virgin Islands:
1.72 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Brunei:
2.44 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Bulgaria:
1.13 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Burkina Faso:
6.35 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Burma:
2.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Burundi:
6.16 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Cambodia:
4.74 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Cameroon:
4.8 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Canada:
1.6 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Cape Verde:
4.05 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Cayman Islands:
2.04 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Central African Republic:
4.86 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Chad:
6.56 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Chile:
2.16 children born/woman (2001 est.)

China:
1.82 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Christmas Island:
NA children born/woman

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
NA children born/woman

Colombia:
2.66 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Comoros:
5.32 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
6.84 children born/woman (2001
est.)

Congo, Republic of the:
5 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Costa Rica:
2.47 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire:
5.7 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Croatia:
1.94 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Cuba:
1.6 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Cyprus:
1.93 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Czech Republic:
1.18 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Denmark:
1.73 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Djibouti:
5.72 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Dominica:
2.03 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Dominican Republic:
2.97 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Ecuador:
3.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Egypt:
3.07 children born/woman (2001 est.)

El Salvador:
3.34 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Equatorial Guinea:
4.88 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Eritrea:
5.87 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Estonia:
1.21 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Ethiopia:
7 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
NA children born/woman

Faroe Islands:
2.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Fiji:
2.86 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Finland:
1.7 children born/woman (2001 est.)

France:
1.75 children born/woman (2001 est.)

French Guiana:
3.17 children born/woman (2001 est.)

French Polynesia:
2.23 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Gabon:
3.69 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Gambia, The:
5.68 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Gaza Strip:
6.42 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Georgia:
1.45 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Germany:
1.38 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Ghana:
3.82 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Gibraltar:
1.64 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Greece:
1.33 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Greenland:
2.44 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Grenada:
2.54 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Guadeloupe:
1.93 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Guam:
3.85 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Guatemala:
4.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Guernsey:
1.36 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Guinea:
5.39 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Guinea-Bissau:
5.2 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Guyana:
2.1 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Haiti:
4.4 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Honduras:
4.15 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Hong Kong:
1.29 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Hungary:
1.25 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Iceland:
2.01 children born/woman (2001 est.)

India:
3.04 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Indonesia:
2.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Iran:
2.02 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Iraq:
4.75 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Ireland:
1.9 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Israel:
2.57 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Italy:
1.18 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Jamaica:
2.08 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Japan:
1.41 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Jersey:
1.56 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Jordan:
3.29 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Kazakhstan:
2.07 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Kenya:
3.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Kiribati:
4.36 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Korea, North:
2.26 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Korea, South:
1.72 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Kuwait:
3.2 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Kyrgyzstan:
3.19 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Laos:
5.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Latvia:
1.15 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Lebanon:
2.05 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Lesotho:
4.08 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Liberia:
6.36 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Libya:
3.64 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Liechtenstein:
1.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Lithuania:
1.37 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Luxembourg:
1.7 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Macau:
1.31 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
1.79 children born/woman
(2001 est.)

Madagascar:
5.8 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Malawi:
5.18 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Malaysia:
3.24 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Maldives:
5.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Mali:
6.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Malta:
1.92 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Man, Isle of:
1.65 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Marshall Islands:
6.55 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Martinique:
1.8 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Mauritania:
6.22 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Mauritius:
2.01 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Mayotte:
6.24 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Mexico:
2.62 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Moldova:
1.67 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Monaco:
1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Mongolia:
2.39 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Montserrat:
1.82 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Morocco:
3.05 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Mozambique:
4.82 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Namibia:
4.83 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Nauru:
3.61 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Nepal:
4.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Netherlands:
1.65 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Netherlands Antilles:
2.07 children born/woman (2001 est.)

New Caledonia:
2.48 children born/woman (2001 est.)

New Zealand:
1.8 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Nicaragua:
3.18 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Niger:
7.08 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Nigeria:
5.57 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Niue:
NA children born/woman

Norfolk Island:
NA children born/woman

Northern Mariana Islands:
1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Norway:
1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Oman:
6.04 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Pakistan:
4.41 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Palau:
2.47 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Panama:
2.27 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Papua New Guinea:
4.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Paraguay:
4.11 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Peru:
2.96 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Philippines:
3.42 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Pitcairn Islands:
NA children born/woman

Poland:
1.37 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Portugal:
1.48 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Puerto Rico:
1.9 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Qatar:
3.17 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Reunion:
2.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Romania:
1.35 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Russia:
1.27 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Rwanda:
4.89 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Saint Helena:
1.53 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
2.41 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Saint Lucia:
2.38 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
2.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
2.06 children born/woman (2001
est.)

Samoa:
3.4 children born/woman (2001 est.)

San Marino:
1.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe:
6.02 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Saudi Arabia:
6.25 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Senegal:
5.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Seychelles:
1.83 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Sierra Leone:
6.01 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Singapore:
1.22 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Slovakia:
1.25 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Slovenia:
1.28 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Solomon Islands:
4.65 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Somalia:
7.11 children born/woman (2001 est.)

South Africa:
2.43 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Spain:
1.15 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Sri Lanka:
1.95 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Sudan:
5.35 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Suriname:
2.47 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Svalbard:
NA children born/woman

Swaziland:
5.82 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Sweden:
1.53 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Switzerland:
1.47 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Syria:
3.95 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Tajikistan:
4.29 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Tanzania:
5.42 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Thailand:
1.87 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Togo:
5.32 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Tokelau:
NA children born/woman

Tonga:
3 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago:
1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Tunisia:
1.99 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Turkey:
2.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Turkmenistan:
3.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands:
3.22 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Tuvalu:
3.09 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Uganda:
6.88 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Ukraine:
1.29 children born/woman (2001 est.)

United Arab Emirates:
3.23 children born/woman (2001 est.)

United Kingdom:
1.73 children born/woman (2001 est.)

United States:
2.06 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Uruguay:
2.36 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Uzbekistan:
3.06 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Vanuatu:
3.19 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Venezuela:
2.46 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Vietnam:
2.49 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Virgin Islands:
2.25 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Wallis and Futuna:
NA children born/woman

West Bank:
4.9 children born/woman (2001 est.)

World:
2.73 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Yemen:
6.97 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Yugoslavia:
1.75 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Zambia:
5.53 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Zimbabwe:
3.28 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Taiwan:
1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.)

======================================================================

@Transportation - note

Arctic Ocean:
sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes;
the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route
(Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways

Atlantic Ocean:
Kiel Canal and Saint Lawrence Seaway are two
important waterways; significant domestic commercial and
recreational use of Intracoastal Waterway on central and south
Atlantic seaboard and Gulf of Mexico coast of US

Baker Island:
there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast

Georgia:
transportation network is in poor condition resulting from
ethnic conflict, criminal activities, and fuel shortages; network
lacks maintenance and repair

Howland Island:
Earhart Light is a day beacon near the middle of the
west coast that was partially destroyed during World War II, but has
since been rebuilt; named in memory of famed aviatrix Amelia EARHART

Jarvis Island:
there is a day beacon near the middle of the west
coast

Pacific Ocean:
Inside Passage offers protected waters from southeast
Alaska to Puget Sound (Washington state)

Southern Ocean:
Drake Passage offers alternative to transit through
the Panama Canal

Wake Island:
formerly an important commercial aviation base, now
used by US military, some commercial cargo planes, and for emergency
landings

======================================================================

@Unemployment rate

Afghanistan:
NA%

Albania:
16% (2000 est.) officially; may be as high as 25%

Algeria:
30% (1999 est.)

American Samoa:
16% (1993)

Andorra:
0%

Angola:
extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more
than half the population (2000 est.)

Anguilla:
7% (1992 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda:
7% (1999 est.)

Argentina:
15% (December 2000)

Armenia:
20% (1998 est.)

note: official rate is 9.3% for 1998

Aruba:
0.6% (1999 est.)

Australia:
6.4% (2000)

Austria:
5.4% (2000 est.)

Azerbaijan:
20% (1999 est.)

Bahamas, The:
9% (1998 est.)

Bahrain:
15% (1998 est.)

Bangladesh:
35.2% (1996)

Barbados:
11% (1999 est.)

Belarus:
2.1% officially registered unemployed (December 2000);
large number of underemployed workers

Belgium:
8.4% (2000 est.)

Belize:
12.8% (1999)

Benin:
NA%

Bermuda:
NEGL% (1995)

Bhutan:
NA%

Bolivia:
11.4% (1997)

note: widespread underemployment

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
35%-40% (1999 est.)

Botswana:
40% (2000 est.)

Brazil:
7.1% (2000 est.)

British Virgin Islands:
3% (1995)

Brunei:
4.9% (1995 est.)

Bulgaria:
17.7% (2000 est.)

Burkina Faso:
NA%

Burma:
7.1% (official FY97/98 est.)

Burundi:
NA%

Cambodia:
2.8% (1999 est.)

Cameroon:
30% (1998 est.)

Canada:
6.8% (2000 est.)

Cape Verde:
24% (1999 est.)

Cayman Islands:
4.1% (1997)

Central African Republic:
6% (1993)

Chad:
NA%

Chile:
9% (December 2000)

China:
urban unemployment roughly 10%; substantial unemployment and
underemployment in rural areas (2000 est.)

Christmas Island:
NA%

Colombia:
20% (2000 est.)

Comoros:
20% (1996 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
NA%

Congo, Republic of the:
NA%

Cook Islands:
NA%

Costa Rica:
5.2% (2000 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire:
13% in urban areas (1998 est.)

Croatia:
22% (October 2000)

Cuba:
5.5% (2000 est.)

Cyprus:
Greek Cypriot area: 3.6% (2000 est.); Turkish Cypriot area:
6% (1998 est.)

Czech Republic:
8.7% (2000 est.)

Denmark:
5.3% (2000)

Djibouti:
50% (2000 est.)

Dominica:
20% (1999 est.)

Dominican Republic:
13.8% (1999 est.)

Ecuador:
13%; note - widespread underemployment (2000 est.)

Egypt:
11.5% (2000 est.)

El Salvador:
10% (2000 est.)

Equatorial Guinea:
30% (1998 est.)

Eritrea:
NA%

Estonia:
11.7% (1999 est.)

Ethiopia:
NA%

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
full employment; labor shortage

Faroe Islands:
1% (October 2000)

Fiji:
6% (1997 est.)

Finland:
9.8% (2000 est.)

France:
9.7% (2000 est.)

French Guiana:
21.4% (1998)

French Polynesia:
15% (1992 est.)

Gabon:
21% (1997 est.)

Gambia, The:
NA%

Gaza Strip:
40% (includes West Bank) (yearend 2000)

Georgia:
14.9% (1999 est.)

Germany:
9.9% (2000 est.)

Ghana:
20% (1997 est.)

Gibraltar:
13.5% (1996)

Greece:
11.3% (2000 est.)

Greenland:
7% (1999 est.)

Grenada:
15% (1997)

Guadeloupe:
27.8% (1998)

Guam:
15% (2000 est.)

Guatemala:
7.5% (1999 est.)

Guernsey:
0.5% (1999 est.)

Guinea:
NA%

Guinea-Bissau:
NA%

Guyana:
12% (1992 est.)

Haiti:
widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than
two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs (1999)

Honduras:
28% (2000 est.)

Hong Kong:
4.5% (2000 est.)

Hungary:
9.4% (2000 est.)

Iceland:
2.7% (January 2001)

India:
NA%

Indonesia:
15%-20% (1998 est.)

Iran:
14% (1999 est.)

Iraq:
NA%

Ireland:
4.1% (2000)

Israel:
9% (2000 est.)

Italy:
10.4% (2000 est.)

Jamaica:
16% (2000 est.)

Japan:
4.7% (2000)

Jersey:
0.7% (1998 est.)

Jordan:
15% official rate; actual rate is 25%-30% (1999 est.)

Kazakhstan:
13.7% (1998 est.)

Kenya:
50% (1998 est.)

Kiribati:
2%; underemployment 70% (1992 est.)

Korea, North:
NA%

Korea, South:
4.1% (2000 est.)

Kuwait:
1.8% (official 1996 est.)

Kyrgyzstan:
6% (1998 est.)

Laos:
5.7% (1997 est.)

Latvia:
7.8% (2000 est.)

Lebanon:
18% (1997 est.)

Lesotho:
45% (2000 est.)

Liberia:
70%

Libya:
30% (2000 est.)

Liechtenstein:
1.8% (February 1999)

Lithuania:
10.8% (2000)

Luxembourg:
2.7% (2000 est.)

Macau:
6.6% (2000)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
32% (2000)

Madagascar:
NA%

Malawi:
NA%

Malaysia:
2.8% (2000 est.)

Maldives:
NEGL%

Mali:
NA%

Malta:
4.5% (3rd Quarter 2000)

Man, Isle of:
0.6% (August 2000)

Marshall Islands:
16% (1991 est.)

Martinique:
27.2% (1998)

Mauritania:
23% (1995 est.)

Mauritius:
6.4% (1999 est.)

Mayotte:
45% (1997)

Mexico:
urban - 2.2% (2000); plus considerable underemployment

Micronesia, Federated States of:
16% (1999 est.)

Moldova:
1.9% (includes only officially registered unemployed; large
numbers of underemployed workers) (November 2000)

Monaco:
3.1% (1998)

Mongolia:
NA%

Montserrat:
20% (1996 est.)

Morocco:
23% (1999 est.)

Mozambique:
21% (1997 est.)

Namibia:
30% to 40%, including underemployment (1997 est.)

Nauru:
0%

Nepal:
NA%; substantial underemployment (1999)

Netherlands:
2.6% (2000 est.)

Netherlands Antilles:
14.9% (1998 est.)

New Caledonia:
19% (1996)

New Zealand:
6.3% (2000 est.)

Nicaragua:
20% plus considerable underemployment (1999 est.)

Niger:
NA%

Nigeria:
28% (1992 est.)

Niue:
NA%

Norfolk Island:
NA%

Northern Mariana Islands:
NA%

Norway:
3% (2000 est.)

Oman:
NA%

Pakistan:
6% (FY99/00 est.)

Palau:
2.3% (2000 est.)

Panama:
13% (2000 est.)

Papua New Guinea:
NA%

Paraguay:
16% (2000 est.)

Peru:
7.7%; extensive underemployment (1997)

Philippines:
10% (2000)

Pitcairn Islands:
NA%

Poland:
12% (1999)

Portugal:
4.3% (2000 est.)

Puerto Rico:
9.5% (2000)

Qatar:
NA%

Reunion:
42.8% (1998)

Romania:
11.5% (1999)

Russia:
10.5% (2000 est.), plus considerable underemployment

Rwanda:
NA%

Saint Helena:
14% (1998 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
4.5% (1997)

Saint Lucia:
15% (1996 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
9.8% (1997)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
22% (1997 est.)

Samoa:
NA%; note - substantial underemployment

San Marino:
3% (1999)

Sao Tome and Principe:
NA%

Saudi Arabia:
NA%

Senegal:
NA%; urban youth 40%

Seychelles:
NA%

Sierra Leone:
NA%

Singapore:
3% (2000 est.)

Slovakia:
17% (2000 est.)

Slovenia:
7.1% (1997 est.)

Solomon Islands:
NA%

Somalia:
NA%

South Africa:
30% (2000 est.)

Spain:
14% (2000 est.)

Sri Lanka:
8.8% (1999 est.)

Sudan:
4% (1996 est.)

Suriname:
20% (1997)

Swaziland:
22% (1995 est.)

Sweden:
6% (2000 est.)

Switzerland:
1.9% (2000 est.)

Syria:
20% (2000 est.)

Tajikistan:
5.7% includes only officially registered unemployed;
also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered
unemployed people (December 1998)

Tanzania:
NA%

Thailand:
3.7% (2000 est.)

Togo:
NA%

Tokelau:
NA%

Tonga:
13.3% (FY96/97)

Trinidad and Tobago:
12.8% (2000)

Tunisia:
15.6% (2000 est.)

Turkey:
5.6% (plus underemployment of 5.6%) (2000 est.)

Turkmenistan:
NA%

Turks and Caicos Islands:
10% (1997 est.)

Tuvalu:
NA%

Uganda:
NA%

Ukraine:
4.3% officially registered; large number of unregistered or
underemployed workers (December 1999)

United Arab Emirates:
NA%

United Kingdom:
5.5% (2000 est.)

United States:
4% (2000)

Uruguay:
14% (2000 est.)

Uzbekistan:
10% plus another 20% underemployed (1999 est.)

Vanuatu:
NA%

Venezuela:
14% (2000 est.)

Vietnam:
25% (1995 est.)

Virgin Islands:
4.9% (March 1999)

Wallis and Futuna:
NA%

West Bank:
40% (includes Gaza Strip) (yearend 2000)

Western Sahara:
NA%

World:
30% combined unemployment and underemployment in many
non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%-12%
unemployment (2000 est.)

Yemen:
30% (1995 est.)

Yugoslavia:
30% (2000 est.)

Zambia:
50% (2000 est.)

Zimbabwe:
50% (2000 est.)

Taiwan:
3% (2000 est.)

======================================================================

@Waterways

Afghanistan:
1,200 km

note: chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels with DWT up to about
500 (2001)

Albania:
43 km

note: includes Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and
Lake Prespa (1990)

Algeria:
none

American Samoa:
none

Andorra:
none

Angola:
1,295 km

Anguilla:
none

Antigua and Barbuda:
none

Argentina:
10,950 km

Armenia:
NA km

Aruba:
none

Ashmore and Cartier Islands:
none

Australia:
8,368 km (mainly used by small, shallow-draft craft)

Austria:
358 km (1999)

Azerbaijan:
none

Bahamas, The:
none

Bahrain:
none

Baker Island:
none

Bangladesh:
up to 8,046 km depending on season

note: includes 3,058 km main cargo routes

Barbados:
none

Bassas da India:
none

Belarus:
NA km; note - Belarus has extensive and widely used canal
and river systems

Belgium:
2,043 km (1,528 km in regular commercial use)

Belize:
825 km (river network used by shallow-draft craft;
seasonally navigable)

Benin:
streams navigable along small sections, important only locally

Bermuda:
none

Bhutan:
none

Bolivia:
10,000 km (commercially navigable)

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
NA km; large sections of the Sava blocked by
downed bridges, silt, and debris

Botswana:
none

Bouvet Island:
none

Brazil:
50,000 km

British Indian Ocean Territory:
none

British Virgin Islands:
none

Brunei:
209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m

Bulgaria:
470 km (1987)

Burkina Faso:
none

Burma:
12,800 km

note: 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels

Burundi:
Lake Tanganyika

Cambodia:
3,700 km

note: navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km
navigable to craft drawing as much as 1.8 m

Cameroon:
2,090 km (of decreasing importance)

Canada:
3,000 km (including Saint Lawrence Seaway)

Cape Verde:
none

Cayman Islands:
none

Central African Republic:
900 km

note: traditional trade carried on by means of shallow-draft
dugouts; Oubangui is the most important river, navigable all year to
craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km navigable to craft drawing as
much as 1.8 m

Chad:
2,000 km

Chile:
725 km

China:
110,000 km (1999)

Christmas Island:
none

Clipperton Island:
none

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
none

Colombia:
18,140 km (navigable by river boats) (April 1996)

Comoros:
none

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
15,000 km (including the Congo
and its tributaries, and unconnected lakes)

Congo, Republic of the:
1,120 km

note: the Congo and Ubangi (Oubangui) rivers provide 1,120 km of
commercially navigable water transport; other rivers are used for
local traffic only

Cook Islands:
none

Coral Sea Islands:
none

Costa Rica:
730 km (seasonally navigable)

Cote d'Ivoire:
980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous
coastal lagoons)

Croatia:
785 km

note: (perennially navigable; large sections of Sava blocked by
downed bridges, silt, and debris)

Cuba:
240 km

Cyprus:
none

Czech Republic:
303 km

note: (the Labe (Elbe) is the principal river) (2000)

Denmark:
417 km

Djibouti:
none

Dominica:
none

Dominican Republic:
none

Ecuador:
1,500 km

Egypt:
3,500 km