Chapter LXXVII: Section 3: , telephone 886 (2) 2709-2000, FAX 886 (2) 2702-7675, (12)

elections: president reelected by popular vote for a five-year
term; elections last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held November
or December 2005); prime minister appointed by the president

election results: Askar AKAYEV reelected president; percent of vote
- Askar AKAYEV 74%, Omurbek TEKEBAYEV 14%, other candidates 12%;
note - election marred by serious irregularities

Laos:
chief of state: President Gen. KHAMTAI Siphandon (since 26
February 1998) and Vice President Lt. Gen. CHOUMMALI Saignason
(since NA March 2001)

head of government: Prime Minister BOUNGNANG Volachit (since NA
March 2001); Deputy Prime Ministers THONGLOUN Sisolit (since NA
March 2001), SOMSAVAT Lengsavat (since 26 February 1998)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved
by the National Assembly

elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a
five-year term; election last held 21 December 1997 (next to be held
NA 2002); prime minister appointed by the president with the
approval of the National Assembly for a five-year term

election results: KHAMTAI Siphandon elected president; percent of
National Assembly vote - NA%

Latvia:
chief of state: President Vaira VIKE-FREIBERGA (since 8
July 1999)

head of government: Prime Minister Andris BERZINS (since 5 May 2000)

cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and
appointed by the Parliament

elections: president elected by Parliament for a four-year term;
election last held 17 June 1999 (next to be held by NA June 2003);
prime minister appointed by the president

election results: Vaira VIKE-FREIBERGA elected as a compromise
candidate in second phase of balloting, second round (after five
rounds in first phase failed); percent of parliamentary vote - Vaira
VIKE-FREIBERGA 53%, Valdis BIRKAVS 20%, Ingrida UDRE 9%

Lebanon:
chief of state: President Emile LAHUD (since 24 November
1998)

head of government: Prime Minister Rafiq HARIRI (since 23 October
2000); Deputy Prime Minister Issam FARES (since 23 October 2000)

cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with
the president and members of the National Assembly; the current
Cabinet was formed in 1998

elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a
six-year term; election last held 15 October 1998 (next to be held
NA 2004); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the
president in consultation with the National Assembly; by custom, the
president is a Maronite Christian, the prime minister is a Sunni
Muslim, and the speaker of the legislature is a Shi'a Muslim

election results: Emile LAHUD elected president; National Assembly
vote - 118 votes in favor, 0 against, 10 abstentions

Lesotho:
chief of state: King LETSIE III (since 7 February 1996);
note - King LETSIE III formerly occupied the throne from November
1990 to February 1995, while his father was in exile

head of government: Prime Minister Pakalitha MOSISILI (since 23 May
1998)

cabinet: Cabinet

elections: none; according to the constitution, the leader of the
majority party in the assembly automatically becomes prime minister;
the monarch is hereditary, but, under the terms of the constitution
which came into effect after the March 1993 election, the monarch is
a "living symbol of national unity" with no executive or legislative
powers; under traditional law the college of chiefs has the power to
determine who is next in the line of succession, who shall serve as
regent in the event that the successor is not of mature age, and may
even depose the monarch

Liberia:
chief of state: President Charles Ghankay TAYLOR (since 2
August 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and
head of government

head of government: President Charles Ghankay TAYLOR (since 2
August 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and
head of government

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president and confirmed by the
Senate

elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term
(renewable); election last held 19 July 1997 (next to be held NA
July 2003)

election results: Charles Ghankay TAYLOR elected president; percent
of vote - Charles Ghankay TAYLOR (NPP) 75.3%, Ellen Johnson SIRLEAF
(UP) 9.6%, Alhaji KROMAH (ALCOP) 4%, other 11.1%

Libya:
chief of state: Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar
al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title,
but is de facto chief of state

head of government: Secretary of the General People's Committee
(Premier) Mubarak al-SHAMEKH (since 2 March 2000)

cabinet: General People's Committee established by the General
People's Congress

elections: national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of
people's committees; head of government elected by the General
People's Congress; election last held 2 March 2000 (next to be held
NA)

election results: Mubarak al-SHAMEKH elected premier; percent of
General People's Congress vote - NA%

Liechtenstein:
chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13
November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir
Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968)

head of government: Head of Government Mario FRICK (since 15
December 1993) and Deputy Head of Government Michael RITTER (since 2
February 1997)

cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Diet; confirmed by the monarch

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative
elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually
appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of
the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the
deputy head of government by the monarch

Lithuania:
chief of state: President Valdas ADAMKUS (since 26
February 1998)

head of government: Premier Algirdas BRAZAUSKAS (since 3 July 2001)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the
nomination of the premier

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 21 December 1997 and 4 January 1998 (next to be
held NA 2002); premier appointed by the president on the approval of
the Parliament

election results: Valdas ADAMKUS elected president; percent of vote
- Valdas ADAMKUS 50.4%, Arturas PAULAUSKAS 49.6%

Luxembourg:
chief of state: Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October
2000); Heir Apparent Prince GUILLAUME (son of the monarch, born 11
November 1981);

head of government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude JUNCKER (since 1
January 1995) and Vice Prime Minister Lydie POLFER (since 7 August
1999)

cabinet: Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister and
appointed by the monarch

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and vice
prime minister appointed by the monarch, following popular election
to the Chamber of Deputies; they are responsible to the Chamber of
Deputies

note: government coalition - CSV and DP

Macau:
chief of state: President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27
March 1993)

head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20
December 1999)

cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government
secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen

elections: NA

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
chief of state:
President Boris TRAJKOVSKI (since 15 December 1999)

head of government: Prime Minister Ljubco GEORGIEVSKI (since 30
November 1998)

cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the majority vote of all
the deputies in the Assembly; note - current cabinet formed by the
government coalition parties VMRO-DPMNE, LDP, and DPA

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 14 November 1999 (next to be held NA October
2004); prime minister elected by parliament; election last held NA
November 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results: Boris TRAJKOVSKI elected president on
second-round ballot; percent of vote - Boris TRAJKOVSKI 52.4%, Tito
PETKOVSKI 46.2%

Madagascar:
chief of state: President Didier RATSIRAKA (since 10
February 1997)

head of government: Prime Minister Tantely Rene Gabriot
ANDRIANARIVO (since NA 1998)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 29 December 1996 (next to be held NA November
2001); prime minister appointed by the president from a list of
candidates nominated by the National Assembly

election results: Didier RATSIRAKA elected president; percent of
vote - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 50.7%, Albert ZAFY (AFFA) 49.3%

Malawi:
chief of state: President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May
1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government

head of government: President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994);
note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government

cabinet: 36-member Cabinet named by the president

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: Bakili MULUZI reelected president; percent of
vote - Bakili MULUZI (UDF) 51.4%, Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA (MCP-AFORD)
44.3%

Malaysia:
chief of state: Paramount Ruler Sultan TUNKU SALAHUDDIN
Abdul Aziz Shah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Hisammuddin Alam Shah (since
26 April 1999); Deputy Paramount Ruler Sultan MIZAN Zainal Abidin
ibni A-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah

head of government: Prime Minister Dr. MAHATHIR bin Mohamad (since
16 July 1981); Deputy Prime Minister ABDULLAH bin Ahmad Badawi
(since 8 January 1999)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among the
members of Parliament with consent of the paramount ruler

elections: paramount ruler and deputy paramount ruler elected by
and from the hereditary rulers of nine of the states for five-year
terms; election last held 27 February 1999 (next to be held NA
2004); prime minister designated from among the members of the House
of Representatives; following legislative elections, the leader of
the party that wins a plurality of seats in the House of
Representatives becomes prime minister

election results: Sultan TUNKU SALAHUDDIN Abdul Aziz Shah ibni
Al-Marhum Sultan Hisammuddin Alam Shah elected paramount ruler;
Sultan MIZAN Zainal Abidin ibni A-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi
Billah Shah elected deputy paramount ruler

Maldives:
chief of state: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11
November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and
head of government

head of government: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11
November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and
head of government

cabinet: appointed by the president; note - need not be members of
Majlis

elections: president nominated by the Majlis and then that
nomination must be ratified by a national referendum (at least a 51%
approval margin is required); president elected for a five-year
term; election last held 16 October 1998 (next to be held NA October
2003)

election results: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM reelected; percent
of popular vote - Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM 90.9%

Mali:
chief of state: President Alpha Oumar KONARE (since 8 June
1992)

head of government: Prime Minister Mande SIDIBE (since September
2000)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 11 May 1997 (next to be held NA May 2002); prime
minister appointed by the president

election results: Alpha Oumar KONARE reelected president; percent
of vote - Alpha Oumar KONARE 95.9%, Mamadou DIABY 4.1%

Malta:
chief of state: President Guido DE MARCO (since 4 April 1999)

head of government: Prime Minister Eddie FENECH ADAMI (since 6
September 1998); Deputy Prime Minister Lawrence GONZE (since 4 April
1999)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the
prime minister

elections: president elected by the House of Representatives for a
five-year term; election last held NA April 1999 (next to be held by
NA April 2004); following legislative elections, the leader of the
majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually
appointed prime minister by the president for a five-year term; the
deputy prime minister is appointed by the president on the advice of
the prime minister

election results: Guido DE MARCO elected president; percent of
House of Representatives vote - 54%

Man, Isle of:
chief of state: Lord of Mann Queen ELIZABETH II
(since 6 February 1952), represented by Lieutenant Governor His
Excellency Sir Timothy DAUNT (since 27 October 1995)

head of government: Chief Minister Donald GELLING (since 3 December
1996)

cabinet: Council of Ministers

elections: the monarch is hereditary; lieutenant governor appointed
by the monarch for a five-year term; the Chief Minister is elected
by the Tynwald; election last held 3 December 1996 (next to be held
NA 2001)

election results: Donald GELLING elected chief minister by the
Tynwald

Marshall Islands:
chief of state: President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since
3 January 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and
head of government

head of government: President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 3 January
2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government

cabinet: Cabinet selected by the president from among the members
of Parliament

elections: president elected by Parliament from among its own
members for a four-year term; election last held 15 November 1999
(next to be held NA November 2003)

election results: Kessai Hesa NOTE elected president; percent of
Parliament vote - 100%

Martinique:
chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France
(since 17 May 1995); Prefect Jean-Francois CORDET (since NA)

head of government: President of the General Council Claude LISE
(since 22 March 1992); President of the Regional Council Alfred
MARIE-JEANNE (since NA March 1998)

cabinet: NA

elections: French president elected by popular vote for a
seven-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the
advice of the French Ministry of Interior; the presidents of the
General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those
councils

Mauritania:
chief of state: President Col. Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed
TAYA (since 12 December 1984)

head of government: Prime Minister Cheik El Avia Ould Mohamed
KHOUNA (since 17 November 1998)

cabinet: Council of Ministers

elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term;
election last held 12 December 1997 (next to be held NA December
2003); prime minister appointed by the president

election results: President Col. Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA
reelected with 90.9% of the vote

Mauritius:
chief of state: President Cassam UTEEM (since 1 July
1992) and Vice President Angidi Verriah CHETTIAR (since 28 June 1997)

head of government: Prime Minister Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 17
September 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister Paul BERENGER (since 17
September 2000)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the prime minister

elections: president and vice president elected by the National
Assembly for five-year terms; election last held 28 June 1997 (next
to be held NA 2002); prime minister and deputy prime minister
appointed by the president and are responsible to the National
Assembly

election results: Cassam UTEEM reelected president and Angidi
Verriah CHETTIAR elected vice president; percent of vote by the
National Assembly - NA%

Mayotte:
chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since
17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Pierre BAYLE (since 15 July
1998)

head of government: President of the General Council Younoussa
BAMANA (since NA 1977)

cabinet: NA

elections: French president elected by popular vote for a
seven-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the
advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; president of the
General Council elected by the members of the General Council for a
six-year term

Mexico:
chief of state: President Vicente FOX Quesada (since 1
December 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and
head of government

head of government: President Vicente FOX Quesada (since 1 December
2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; note - appointment of
attorney general requires consent of the Senate

elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term;
election last held 2 July 2000 (next to be held NA July 2006)

election results: Vicente FOX Quesada elected president; percent of
vote - Vicente FOX Quesada (PAN) 42.52%, Francisco LABASTIDA Ochoa
(PRI) 36.1%, Cuauhtemoc CARDENAS Solorzano (PRD) 16.64%, other 4.74%

Micronesia, Federated States of:
chief of state: President Leo A.
FALCAM (since 21 July 1999); Vice President Redley KILLION (since 21
July 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head
of government

head of government: President Leo A. FALCAM (since 21 July 1999);
Vice President Redley KILLION (since 21 July 1999); note - the
president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet: Cabinet

elections: president and vice president elected by Congress from
among the four senators-at-large for four-year terms; election last
held NA May 1999 (next to be held NA May 2003)

election results: Leo A. FALCAM elected president; percent of
Congress vote - NA%; Redley KILLION elected vice president; percent
of Congress vote - NA%

Moldova:
chief of state: President Vladimir VORONIN (since 4 April
2001)

head of government: Prime Minister Vasile TARLEV (since 15 April
2001), three Deputy Prime Ministers: Valerian CRISTEA, Andrei CUCU,
and Dmitri TODOROGLO (all since 19 April 2001)

cabinet: selected by prime minister, subject to approval of
Parliament

elections: president elected by Parliament for a four-year term;
election last held 4 April 2001; presidential elections were
scheduled for December 2000, but in July 2000, Parliament canceled
direct popular elections; Parliament's failure to chose a new
president in December 2000 led to early parliamentary elections
(moved up a year to February 2001); according to the Moldovan
constitution, the president, on consulting with Parliament, will
designate a candidate for the office of prime minister; within 15
days from designation, the prime minister-designate will request a
vote of confidence from the Parliament regarding his/her work
program and entire cabinet; prime minister designated on 15 April
2001, cabinet received vote of confidence on 19 April 2001

election results: Vladimir VORONIN elected president; parliamentary
votes - Vladimir VORONIN 71, Dumitru BRAGHIS 15, Valerian CHRISTEA
3; Vasile TARLEV elected Prime Minister; parliamentary votes of
confidence - 75 of 101

Monaco:
chief of state: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir
Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch
(born 14 March 1958)

head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERQUE (since 5
January 2000)

cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; minister of state
appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national
candidates presented by the French Government

Mongolia:
chief of state: President Natsagiyn BAGABANDI (since 20
June 1997)

head of government: Prime Minister Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR (since 26
July 2000)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the State Great Hural in consultation
with the president

elections: president nominated by parties in the State Great Hural
and elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held
20 May 2001 (next to be held NA May 2005); following legislative
elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is
usually elected prime minister by the State Great Hural; election
last held 2 July 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: Natsagiyn BAGABANDI reelected president; percent
of vote - NA%; Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR elected prime minister by a vote
in the State Great Hural of 68 to 3

Montserrat:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February
1952), represented by Governor Anthony John ABBOTT (since NA
September 1997)

head of government: Chief Minister David BRANDT (since 22 August
1997)

cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, the chief
minister, three other ministers, the attorney general, and the
finance secretary

elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the
monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority
party usually becomes chief minister; note - as a result of the last
election, a coalition party was formed between NPP, NDP, and one of
the independent candidates

Morocco:
chief of state: King MOHAMED VI (since 23 July 1999)

head of government: Prime Minister Abderrahmane YOUSSOUFI (since 14
March 1998)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister
appointed by the monarch following legislative elections

Mozambique:
chief of state: President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO
(since 6 November 1986); note - before being popularly elected,
CHISSANO was elected president by Frelimo's Central Committee 4
November 1986 (reelected by the Committee 30 July 1989)

head of government: Prime Minister Pascoal MOCUMBI (since NA
December 1994)

cabinet: Cabinet

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 3-5 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004);
prime minister appointed by the president

election results: Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO reelected president;
percent of vote - Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO 52.29%, Afonso DHLAKAMA
47.71%

Namibia:
chief of state: President Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA (since 21
March 1990); note - the president is both the chief of state and
head of government

head of government: President Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA (since 21 March
1990); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members
of the National Assembly

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 30 November-1 December 1999 (next to be held NA
2004)

election results: Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA elected president; percent
of vote - Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA 77%

Nauru:
chief of state: President Bernard DOWIYOGO (since 19 April
2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government

head of government: President Bernard DOWIYOGO (since 19 April
2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members
of Parliament

elections: president elected by Parliament for a three-year term;
election last held 8 April 2000 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results: Bernard DOWIYOGO elected president by a vote in
Parliament of nine to eight

note: former President Rene HARRIS was deposed in a no-confidence
vote; this is the eighth change of government in Nauru since the
fall of the Lagumont HARRIS government in a no-confidence motion in
early November 1996; six of the last eight governments have resulted
because of parliamentary no-confidence motions

Nepal:
chief of state: King GYANENDRA Bir Bikram Shah (succeeded to
the throne 4 June 2001 following the death of his nephew King
DIPENDRA Bir Bikram Shah)

head of government: Prime Minister Girija Prasad KOIRALA (since 22
March 2000)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of
the prime minister

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative
elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority
coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch

note: King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev died in a bloody shooting
at the royal palace on 1 June 2001 that also claimed the lives of
most of the royal family; King BIRENDRA's son, Crown Price DIPENDRA,
is believed to have been responsible for the shootings before
fatally wounding himself; immediately following the shootings and
while still clinging to life, DIPENDRA was crowned king; he died
three days later and was succeeded by his uncle

Netherlands:
chief of state: Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980);
Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the
monarch

head of government: Prime Minister Wim KOK (since 22 August 1994)
and Vice Prime Ministers Annemarie JORRITSMA (since 3 August 1998)
and Els BORST-EILERS (since 3 August 1998)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following Second
Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a
majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the
monarch; vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch

note: government coalition - PvdA, VVD, and D'66; there is also a
Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and
councilors consulted by the executive on legislative and
administrative policy

Netherlands Antilles:
chief of state: Queen BEATRIX of the
Netherlands (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General
Jaime SALEH (since NA October 1989)

head of government: Prime Minister Miguel POURIER (since 8 November
1999); Deputy Prime Minister Susanne CAMELIA-ROMER (since NA)

note: Miguel POURIER assumed prime ministership following the
resignation of Susanne CAMELIA-ROMER

cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the Staten

elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by
the monarch for a six-year term; following legislative elections,
the leader of the majority party is usually elected prime minister
by the Staten; election last held 30 January 1998 (next to be held
by NA 2002)

note: government coalition - PDB, DP-St. M, FOL, PLKP, PNP

New Caledonia:
chief of state: President of France Jacques CHIRAC
(since 17 May 1995), represented by High Commissioner Thierry
LATASTE (since 19 July 1999)

head of government: President of the Government Jean LEQUES (since
28 May 1999)

cabinet: Consultative Committee

elections: French president elected by popular vote for a
seven-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president
on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the
government elected by the members of the Territorial Congress

New Zealand:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February
1952), represented by Governor General Dame Silvia CARTWRIGHT (since
4 April 2001)

head of government: Prime Minister Helen CLARK (since 10 December
1999) and Deputy Prime Minister Jim ANDERTON (since 10 December 1999)

cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the
recommendation of the prime minister

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general
appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the
leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition
is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general for a
three-year term; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor
general

Nicaragua:
chief of state: President Arnoldo ALEMAN Lacayo (since
10 January 1997); Vice President Leopoldo NAVARRO (since 24 October
2000); note - the president is both chief of state and head of
government

head of government: President Arnoldo ALEMAN Lacayo (since 10
January 1997); Vice President Leopoldo NAVARRO (since 24 October
2000); note - the president is both chief of state and head of
government

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket
by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 20 October
1996 (next to be held 4 November 2001); note - in July 1995 the term
of the office of the president was amended to five years

election results: Arnoldo ALEMAN Lacayo (Liberal Alliance - ruling
party - includes PLC, PALI, PLIUN, and PUCA) 51.03%, Daniel ORTEGA
Saavedra (FSLN) 37.75%, Guillermo OSORNO (PCCN) 4.10%, Noel VIDAURRE
(PCN) 2.26%, Benjamin LANZAS (PRONAL) 0.53%, other (18 other
candidates) 4.33%

Niger:
chief of state: President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December
1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of
government

head of government: President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December
1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of
government; Prime Minister Hama AMADOU (since 31 December 1999) was
appointed by the president and shares some executive
responsibilities with the president

note: President Ibrahim BARE was assassinated on 9 April 1999;
subsequent elections were held under the nine-month provisional
government of Major Daouda Mallam WANKE

cabinet: 23-member cabinet appointed by President TANDJA

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: Mamadou TANDJA elected president; percent of vote
- Mamadou TANDJA 59.9%, Mahamadou ISSOUFOU 40.1%

Nigeria:
chief of state: President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29 May
1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government

head of government: President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29 May
1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government

cabinet: Federal Executive Council

elections: president is elected by popular vote for no more than
two four-year terms; election last held 27 February 1999 (next to be
held NA 2003)

election results: Olusegun OBASANJO elected president; percent of
vote - Olusegun OBASANJO (PDP) 62.8%, Olu FALAE (APP-AD) 37.2%

Niue:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952);
the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High
Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)

head of government: Premier Sani LAKATANI (since 1 April 1999)

cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers

elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the
Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 19
March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2002)

election results: Sani LAKATANI elected premier; percent of
Legislative Assembly vote - NA%

Norfolk Island:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6
February 1952); the UK and Australia are represented by
Administrator Anthony J. MESSNER (since 4 August 1997)

head of government: Assembly President and Chief Minister Ronald
Coane NOBBS (since 23 February 2000)

cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members
of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy
and acts as an advisor to the Administrator

elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by
the governor general of Australia; chief minister elected by the
Legislative Assembly for a term of not more than three years;
election last held 23 February 2000 (next to be held by March 2003)

election results: Ronald Coane NOBBS elected chief minister;
percent of Legislative Assembly vote - NA%

Northern Mariana Islands:
chief of state: President George W. BUSH
of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY
(since 20 January 2001)

head of government: Governor Pedro P. TENORIO (since NA January
1998) and Lieutenant Governor Jesus R. SABLAN (since NA January 1998)

cabinet: NA

elections: US president and vice president elected on the same
ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected
on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election
last held in NA November 1997 (next to be held NA November 2001)

election results: Pedro P. TENORIO elected governor in a three-way
race; percent of vote - Pedro P. TENORIO (Republican Party) 47%

Norway:
chief of state: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir
Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS, son of the monarch (born 20
July 1973)

head of government: Prime Minister Jens STOLTENBERG (since 17 March
2000)

cabinet: State Council appointed by the monarch with the approval
of the Parliament

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following parliamentary
elections, the leader of the largest party or leader of a coalition
is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch with the approval
of the Parliament

Oman:
chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said Al
Said (since 23 July 1970); note - the monarch is both the chief of
state and head of government

head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said Al
Said (since 23 July 1970); note - the monarch is both the chief of
state and head of government

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary

Pakistan:
note: following a military takeover on 12 October 1999,
Chief of Army Staff and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Committee, Gen. Pervez MUSHARRAF suspended Pakistan's constitution
and assumed the additional title of Chief Executive; exercising the
powers of the head of the government, he appointed an eight-member
National Security Council to function as Pakistan's supreme
governing body; President Mohammad Rafiq TARAR remains the
ceremonial chief of state; on 12 May 2000, Pakistan's Supreme Court
unanimously validated the October 1999 coup and granted MUSHARRAF
executive and legislative authority for three years from the coup
date

chief of state: President Mohammad Rafiq TARAR (since 31 December
1997)

head of government: Chief Executive Gen. Pervez MUSHARRAF (since 12
October 1999)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the chief executive

elections: president elected by Parliament for a five-year term;
election last held 31 December 1997 (next to be held NA 2002);
following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or
leader of a majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by
the National Assembly; election last held 3 February 1997 (next to
be held NA); note - Gen. Pervez MUSHARRAF overthrew the government
of Prime Minister Mohammad Nawaz SHARIF in the military takeover of
12 October 1999; in May 2000, the Supreme Court validated the
October 1999 coup and set a three-year limit in office for Chief
Executive MUSHARRAF

election results: Rafiq TARAR elected president; percent of
Parliament and provincial vote - NA%; results are for the last
election for prime minister prior to the military takeover of 12
October 1999 - Mohammad Nawaz SHARIF elected prime minister; percent
of National Assembly vote - NA%

Palau:
chief of state: President Tommy Esang REMENGESAU Jr. (since
19 January 2001) and Vice President Sandra PIERANTOZZI (since 19
January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and
head of government

head of government: President Tommy Esang REMENGESAU Jr. (since 19
January 2001) and Vice President Sandra PIERANTOZZI (since 19
January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and
head of government

cabinet: Cabinet

elections: president and vice president elected on separate tickets
by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 November
2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)

election results: Tommy Esang REMENGESAU Jr. elected president;
percent of vote - Tommy Esang REMENGESAU Jr. 53%, Peter SUGIYAMA
46%; Sandra PIERANTOZZI elected vice president; percent of vote -
Sandra PIERANTOZZI 52%, Alan SEID 45%

Panama:
chief of state: President Mireya Elisa MOSCOSO Rodriguez
(since 1 September 1999); First Vice President Arturo Ulises
VALLARINO (since 1 September 1999); Second Vice President Dominador
"Kaiser" Baldonero BAZAN Jimenez (since 1 September 1999); note -
the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Mireya Elisa MOSCOSO Rodriguez (since
1 September 1999); First Vice President Arturo Ulises VALLARINO
(since 1 September 1999); Second Vice President Dominador "Kaiser"
Baldonero BAZAN Jimenez (since 1 September 1999); note - the
president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president

elections: president and vice presidents elected on the same ticket
by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 2 May 1999
(next to be held NA May 2004)

election results: Mireya Elisa MOSCOSO Rodriguez elected president;
percent of vote - Mireya Elisa MOSCOSO Rodriguez (PA) 44%, Martin
TORRIJOS (PRD) 37%

note: government coalition - PA, MOLIRENA, Democratic Change,
MORENA, PLN, PS

Papua New Guinea:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6
February 1952), represented by Governor General Silas ATOPARE (since
13 November 1997)

head of government: Prime Minister Mekere MORAUTA (since NA August
1999); Deputy Prime Minister Michael OGIO (since 3 November 2000)

cabinet: National Executive Council appointed by the governor
general on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general
appointed by the National Executive Council; prime minister and
deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general for up to
five years on the basis of majority support in National Parliament

Paraguay:
chief of state: President Luis GONZALEZ MACCHI (since 28
March 1999); vice president Julio Cesar FRANCO (since NA August
2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government

head of government: President Luis GONZALEZ MACCHI (since 28 March
1999); vice president Julio Cesar FRANCO (since NA August 2000);
note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government

cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the president

elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket
by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 10 May 1998
(next to be held NA May 2003)

election results: Raul CUBAS Grau elected president; percent of
vote - 55.3%; resigned 28 March 1999

note: President Luis GONZALEZ MACCHI, formerly president of the
Chamber of Senators, constitutionally succeeded President Raul CUBAS
Grau, who resigned after being impeached soon after the
assassination of Vice President Luis Maria ARGANA; the successor to
ARGANA was decided in an election held in August 2000

Peru:
chief of state: President Alejandro TOLEDO (since 28 July
2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government; additionally two vice presidents are provided for by the
Constitution, First Vice President Raul DIEZ Conseco (since 28 July
2001) and Second Vice President David WAISMAN (since 28 July 2001)

head of government: President Alejandro TOLEDO (since 28 July
2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government; additionally two vice presidents are provided for by the
Constitution, First Vice President Raul DIEZ Conseco (since 28 July
2001) and Second Vice President David WAISMAN (since 28 July 2001)

note: Prime Minister Roberto DANINO (since 28 July 2001) does not
exercise executive power; this power is in the hands of the president

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
special presidential election held 8 April 2001 with runoff election
3 June 2001); next to be held NA 2006

election results: President TOLEDO elected in runoff election;
percent of vote - Alejandro TOLEDO 53.1%, Alan GARCIA 46.9%

Philippines:
chief of state: President Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO
(since 20 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of
state and head of government

head of government: President Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO (since 20
January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and
head of government

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with the consent of the
Commission of Appointments

elections: president and vice president elected on separate tickets
by popular vote for six-year terms; election last held 11 May 1998
(next to be held 16 May 2004)

election results: results of the last presidential election -
Joseph Ejercito ESTRADA elected president; percent of vote -
approximately 40%; Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO elected vice president;
percent of vote - NA%; note - on 20 January 2001, Vice President
Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO was sworn in as the constitutional successor
to President Joseph ESTRADA after the Supreme Court declared that
President ESTRADA was unable to rule in view of the mass
resignations from his government; according to the Constitution,
only in cases of death, permanent disability, removal from office,
or resignation of the president, can the vice president serve for
the unexpired term

Pitcairn Islands:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6
February 1952), represented by UK High Commissioner to New Zealand
and Governor (nonresident) of the Pitcairn Islands Martin WILLIAMS
(since NA May 1998); Commissioner (nonresident) Leon SALT (since NA;
is the liaison person between the governor and the Island Council)

head of government: Island Magistrate and Chairman of the Island
Council Jay WARREN (since NA)

cabinet: NA

elections: the monarch is hereditary; high commissioner and
commissioner appointed by the monarch; island magistrate elected
every three years in December by popular vote for a three-year term;
last election held NA December 1999 (next to be held NA December
2002)

election results: Lea BROWN elected island magistrate; percent of
vote - NA%

Poland:
chief of state: President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23
December 1995)

head of government: Prime Minister Jerzy BUZEK - Solidarity
Electoral Union - (since 31 October 1997), Deputy Prime Ministers
Janusz STEINHOFF (since 12 June 2000), Longin KOMOLOWSKI (since 19
October 1999)

cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and
the Sejm; the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and
the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election held 8 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005);
prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president
and confirmed by the Sejm

election results: Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI reelected president;
percent of popular vote - Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 53.9%, Andrzj
OLECHOWSKI 17.3%, Marian KRZAKLEWSKI 15.6%, Lech WALESA 1%

Portugal:
chief of state: President Jorge SAMPAIO (since 9 March
1996)

head of government: Prime Minister Antonio Manuel de Oliviera
GUTERRES (since 28 October 1995)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the prime minister

note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative
body to the president

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA January
2006); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority
party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime
minister by the president

election results: Jorge SAMPAIO re-elected president; percent of
vote - Jorge SAMPAIO (Socialist) 55.8%, Joaquim FERREIRA Do Amaral
(Social Democrat) 34.5%, Antonio ABREU (Communist) 5.1%

Puerto Rico:
chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US
(since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20
January 2001)

head of government: Governor Sila M. CALDERON (since NA January
2001)

cabinet: appointed by the governor with the consent of the
legislature

elections: US president and vice president elected on the same
ticket for four-year terms; governor elected by popular vote for a
four-year term; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held
NA November 2004)

election results: Sila M. CALDERON (PDP) elected governor; percent
of vote - 48.8%

Qatar:
chief of state: Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani (since 27
June 1995 when, as crown prince, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA
bin Hamad Al Thani, in a bloodless coup); Crown Prince JASSIM bin
Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, third son of the monarch (selected crown
prince by the monarch 22 October 1996); note - Amir HAMAD also holds
the positions of minister of defense and commander-in-chief of the
armed forces

head of government: Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Khalifa Al Thani,
brother of the monarch (since 30 October 1996); Deputy Prime
Minister MUHAMMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch
(since 20 January 1998)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary

note: in March 1999 Qatar held nationwide elections for a 29-member
Central Municipal Council, which has consultative powers aimed at
improving the provision of municipal services

Reunion:
chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since
17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Robert POMMIES (since NA 1996)

head of government: President of the General Council Jean-Luc
POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council
Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993)

cabinet: NA

elections: French president elected by popular vote for a
seven-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the
advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the
General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those
councils

Romania:
chief of state: President Ion ILIESCU (since 20 December
2000)

head of government: Prime Minister Adrian NASTASE (since 29
December 2000)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister

elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term;
election last held 26 November 2000, with runoff between the top two
candidates held 10 December 2000 (next to be held NA
November/December 2004); prime minister appointed by the president

election results: percent of vote - Ion ILIESCU 66.84%, Corneliu
Vadim TUDOR 33.16%

Russia:
chief of state: President Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN
(acting president since 31 December 1999, president since 7 May 2000)

head of government: Premier Mikhail Mikhaylovich KASYANOV (since 7
May 2000); First Deputy Premier Aleksey Leonidovich KUDRIN (since 18
May 2000), Deputy Premiers Aleksey Vasilyevich GORDEYEV (since 20
May 2000), Viktor Borisovich KHRISTENKO (since 31 May 1999), Ilya
Iosifovich KLEBANOV (since 31 May 1999), Valentina Ivanovna
MATVIYENKO (since 22 September 1998)

cabinet: Ministries of the Government or "Government" composed of
the premier and his deputies, ministers, and other agency heads; all
are appointed by the president

note: there is also a Presidential Administration (PA) that
provides staff and policy support to the president, drafts
presidential decrees, and coordinates policy among government
agencies; a Security Council also reports directly to the president

elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term;
election last held 26 March 2000 (next to be held NA 2004); note -
no vice president; if the president dies in office, cannot exercise
his powers because of ill health, is impeached, or resigns, the
premier succeeds him; the premier serves as acting president until a
new presidential election is held, which must be within three
months; premier appointed by the president with the approval of the
Duma

election results: Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN elected president;
percent of vote - PUTIN 52.9%, Gennadiy Aadreyevich ZYUGANOV 29.2%,
Grigoriy Alekseyevich YAVLINSKIY 5.8%

Rwanda:
chief of state: President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (FPR)
(since 22 April 2000)

head of government: Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March
2000)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections: normally the president is elected by popular vote for a
five-year term; special election for new president by deputies of
the National Assembly and governmental ministers held 17 April 2000
(next national election to be held NA 2003); prime minister is
appointed by the president

election results: Paul KAGAME (FPR) elected president in a special
parliamentary/ministerial ballot receiving 81 of a possible 86 votes

Saint Helena:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February
1952)

head of government: Governor and Commander in Chief David HOLLAMBY
(since NA June 1999)

cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, two ex officio
officers, and six elected members of the Legislative Council

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed
by the monarch

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6
February 1952), represented by Governor General Perlette LOUISY
(since September 1997)

head of government: Prime Minister Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS (since 6 July
1995) and Deputy Prime Minister Sam CONDOR (since 6 July 1995)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general in consultation
with the prime minister

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the governor general is
appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the
leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is
usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy
prime minister appointed by the governor general

Saint Lucia:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February
1952), represented by Governor General Dr. Perlette LOUISY (since
September 1997)

head of government: Prime Minister Kenneth ANTHONY (since 24 May
1997) and Deputy Prime Minister Mario MICHEL (since 24 May 1997)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of
the prime minister

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the governor general is
appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the
leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is
usually appointed prime minister by the governor general

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC
of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Remi THUAU
(since NA)

head of government: President of the General Council Bernard LE
SOAVEC (since NA 1996)

cabinet: NA

elections: French president elected by popular vote for a
seven-year term; election last held 7 May 1995 (next to be held NA
May 2002); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice
of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council
is elected by the members of the council

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH
II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General David
JACK (since 29 September 1989)

head of government: Prime Minister Ralph GONSALVES (since 29 March
2001)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of
the prime minister

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the governor general is
appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the
leader of the majority party is usually appointed prime minister by
the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the
governor general on the advice of the prime minister

Samoa:
chief of state: Chief Susuga MALIETOA Tanumafili II (cochief
of state from 1 January 1962 until becoming sole chief of state 5
April 1963)

head of government: Prime Minister TUILA'EPA Sailele Malielegaoi
(since 24 November 1998); note - TUILA'EPA served as deputy prime
minister since 1992; he assumed the prime ministership in November
1998 when former Prime Minister TOFILAU Eti Alesana resigned in poor
health; the post of deputy prime minister is currently vacant

cabinet: Cabinet consists of 12 members, appointed by the chief of
state with the prime minister's advice

elections: upon the death of Chief Susuga MALIETOA Tanumafili II, a
new chief of state will be elected by the Legislative Assembly to
serve a five-year term; prime minister appointed by the chief of
state with the approval of the Legislative Assembly

San Marino:
chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Luigi
LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Fabio BERARDI (for the period 1 April
2001-30 September 2001)

head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political
Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986)

cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council
for a five-year term

elections: cochiefs of state (captain regents) elected by the Great
and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA
March 2001 (next to be held NA September 2001); secretary of state
for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General
Council for a five-year term; election last held NA June 1998 (next
to be held NA June 2003)

election results: Luigi LONFERNINI and Fabio BERARDI elected
captain regents; percent of legislative vote - NA; Gabriele GATTI
reelected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs;
percent of legislative vote - NA

note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council)
selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs
of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the
Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which
has ten other members, all selected by the Grand and General
Council; assisting the captains regent are three secretaries of
state - Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and several
additional secretaries; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs
has assumed many of the prerogatives of a prime minister

Sao Tome and Principe:
chief of state: President Miguel TROVOADA
(since 4 April 1991)

head of government: Prime Minister Guilherma Posser da COSTA (since
30 December 1998)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the
proposal of the prime minister

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 30 June and 21 July 1996 (next to be held NA July
2001); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved
by the president

election results: Miguel TROVOADA reelected president in Sao Tome's
second multiparty presidential election; percent of vote - Miguel
TROVOADA 52.74%, Manuel Pinto da COSTA 47.26%

Saudi Arabia:
chief of state: King and Prime Minister FAHD bin Abd
al-Aziz Al Saud (since 13 June 1982); Crown Prince and First Deputy
Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (half-brother to the
monarch, heir to the throne since 13 June 1982, regent from 1
January to 22 February 1996); note - the monarch is both the chief
of state and head of government

head of government: King and Prime Minister FAHD bin Abd al-Aziz Al
Saud (since 13 June 1982); Crown Prince and First Deputy Prime
Minister ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (half-brother to the
monarch, heir to the throne since 13 June 1982, regent from 1
January to 22 February 1996); note - the monarch is both the chief
of state and head of government

cabinet: Council of Ministers is appointed by the monarch and
includes many royal family members

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary

Senegal:
chief of state: President Abdoulaye WADE (since 1 April
2000)

head of government: Prime Minister Madior BOYE (since 3 March 2001)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in
consultation with the president

elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
election last held 27 February and 19 March 2000 (next to be held 27
February 2007); prime minister appointed by the president

election results: Abdoulaye WADE elected president; percent of vote
in the second round of voting - Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 58.49%, Abdou
DIOUF (PS) 41.51%

Seychelles:
chief of state: President France Albert RENE (since 5
June 1977); note - the president is both the chief of state and head
of government

head of government: President France Albert RENE (since 5 June
1977); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 20-22 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2003)

election results: France Albert RENE reelected president; percent
of vote - France Albert RENE (SPPF) 66.7%, Wavel RAMKALAWAN (UO)
19.5%, Sir James MANCHAM (DP) 13.8%

Sierra Leone:
chief of state: President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (since
29 March 1996, reinstated 10 March 1998); note - the president is
both the chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (since 29 March
1996, reinstated 10 March 1998); note - the president is both the
chief of state and head of government

cabinet: Ministers of State appointed by the president with the
approval of the House of Representatives; the cabinet is responsible
to the president

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election held 26-27 February and 15 March 1996 (next to be held NA
September 2001); note - president's tenure of office is limited to
two five-year terms

election results: Ahmad Tejan KABBAH elected president; percent of
vote - Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (SLPP) 59.5%, John KAREFA-SMART (UNPP)
40.5%

Singapore:
chief of state: President Sellapan Rama (S. R.) NATHAN
(since 1 September 1999)

head of government: Prime Minister GOH Chok Tong (since 28 November
1990) and Deputy Prime Ministers LEE Hsien Loong (since 28 November
1990) and Tony TAN Keng Yam (since 1 August 1995)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president, responsible to
Parliament

elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term;
election last held 28 August 1999 (next to be held NA August 2005);
following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or
the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime
minister by the president; deputy prime ministers appointed by the
president

election results: Sellapan Rama (S. R.) NATHAN elected president
unopposed

Slovakia:
chief of state: President Rudolf SCHUSTER (since 15 June
1999)

head of government: Prime Minister Mikulas DZURINDA (since 30
October 1998)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation
of the prime minister