Chapter XCVII: Section 3: , telephone 886 (2) 2709-2000, FAX 886 (2) 2702-7675, (32)

note: according to the UNHCR, about 150,000 Eritrean refugees in
Sudan have registered for voluntary repatriation, following the
restoration of diplomatic relations between Eritrea and Sudan in
January 2000

Estonia:
-0.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Ethiopia:
0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note: repatriation of Ethiopians who fled to Sudan for refuge from
war and famine in earlier years is expected to continue for several
years; small numbers of Sudanese and Somali refugees, who fled to
Ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries,
continue to return to their homes

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
NA migrant(s)/1,000 population

Faroe Islands:
2.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Fiji:
-3.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Finland:
0.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

France:
0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

French Guiana:
10.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

French Polynesia:
3.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Gabon:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Gambia, The:
2.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Gaza Strip:
1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Georgia:
-2.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Germany:
4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Ghana:
-0.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Gibraltar:
NEGL migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Greece:
1.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Greenland:
-8.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Grenada:
-15.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Guadeloupe:
-0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Guam:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Guatemala:
-1.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Guernsey:
3.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Guinea:
-2.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note: as a result of civil war in neighboring countries, Guinea is
host to almost half a million Liberian and Sierra Leonean refugees

Guinea-Bissau:
-1.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Guyana:
-8.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Haiti:
-2.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Honduras:
-2.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Hong Kong:
7.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Hungary:
0.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Iceland:
-2.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

India:
-0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Indonesia:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Iran:
-4.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Iraq:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Ireland:
4.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Israel:
2.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Italy:
1.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Jamaica:
-7.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Japan:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Jersey:
2.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Jordan:
7.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Kazakhstan:
-6.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Kenya:
-1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note: according to UNHCR, by the end of 1999 Kenya was host to
223,700 refugees from neighboring countries, including: Somalia
141,000 and Sudan 64,250

Kiribati:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Korea, North:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Korea, South:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Kuwait:
14.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Kyrgyzstan:
-2.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Laos:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Latvia:
-1.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Lebanon:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Lesotho:
-0.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Liberia:
-11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note: by the end of 1999, all Liberian refugees, who had fled the
domestic strife, were assumed to have returned

Libya:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Liechtenstein:
4.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Lithuania:
0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Luxembourg:
9.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Macau:
9.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
-1.54 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2001 est.)

Madagascar:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Malawi:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Malaysia:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note: does not reflect net flow of an unknown number of illegal
immigrants from other countries in the region

Maldives:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Mali:
-0.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Malta:
2.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Man, Isle of:
5.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Marshall Islands:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Martinique:
-0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Mauritania:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Mauritius:
-0.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Mayotte:
10.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Mexico:
-2.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Moldova:
-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Monaco:
7.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Mongolia:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Montserrat:
123.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Morocco:
-1.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Mozambique:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Namibia:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Nauru:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Nepal:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Netherlands:
2.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Netherlands Antilles:
-0.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

New Caledonia:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

New Zealand:
4.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Nicaragua:
-1.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Niger:
-0.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Nigeria:
0.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Niue:
NA migrant(s)/1,000 population

Norfolk Island:
NA migrant(s)/1,000 population

Northern Mariana Islands:
18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Norway:
2.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Oman:
0.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Pakistan:
-0.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Palau:
4.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Panama:
-1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Papua New Guinea:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Paraguay:
-0.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Peru:
-1.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Philippines:
-1.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Pitcairn Islands:
NA migrant(s)/1,000 population

Poland:
-0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Portugal:
0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Puerto Rico:
-2.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Qatar:
20.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Reunion:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Romania:
-0.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Russia:
0.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Rwanda:
-1.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Saint Helena:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
-10.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Saint Lucia:
-4.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
-4.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001
est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
-7.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population
(2001 est.)

Samoa:
-11.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

San Marino:
11.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe:
-3.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Saudi Arabia:
1.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Senegal:
0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Seychelles:
-6.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sierra Leone:
10.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note: by the end of 1999 refugees from Sierra Leone are assumed to
be returning

Singapore:
26.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Slovakia:
0.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Slovenia:
2.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Solomon Islands:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Somalia:
5.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

South Africa:
-1.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Spain:
0.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sri Lanka:
-1.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sudan:
0.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Suriname:
-8.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Svalbard:
NA migrant(s)/1,000 population

Swaziland:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sweden:
0.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Switzerland:
1.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Syria:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Tajikistan:
-3.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Tanzania:
-0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Thailand:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Togo:
0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Tokelau:
NA migrant(s)/1,000 population

Tonga:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago:
-9.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Tunisia:
-0.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Turkey:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Turkmenistan:
-1.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands:
13.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001
est.)

Tuvalu:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Uganda:
-0.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note: according to the UNHCR, by the end of 1999, Uganda was host
to 218,000 refugees from a number of neighboring countries,
including: Sudan 200,600, Rwanda 8,000, and Democratic Republic of
the Congo 8,000

Ukraine:
-0.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

United Arab Emirates:
1.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

United Kingdom:
1.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

United States:
3.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Uruguay:
-0.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Uzbekistan:
-2.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Vanuatu:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Venezuela:
-0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Vietnam:
-0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Virgin Islands:
0.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Wallis and Futuna:
NA migrant(s)/1,000 population

West Bank:
3.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Yemen:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Yugoslavia:
-4.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Zambia:
-0.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Zimbabwe:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note: there is a small but steady flow of Zimbabweans into South
Africa in search of better paid employment

Taiwan:
-0.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

======================================================================

@People - note

Cuba:
illicit migration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to
depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien
smugglers, direct flights, or falsified visas; some 3,000 Cubans
took to the Straits of Florida in 2000; the US Coast Guard
interdicted about 35% of these migrants; Cubans also use
non-maritime routes to enter the US; some 2,400 Cubans arrived
overland via the southwest border and direct flights to Miami

======================================================================

@Pipelines

Afghanistan:
petroleum products - Uzbekistan to Bagram and
Turkmenistan to Shindand; natural gas 180 km

Albania:
crude oil 145 km; petroleum products 55 km; natural gas 64
km (1991)

Algeria:
crude oil 6,612 km; petroleum products 298 km; natural gas
2,948 km

Angola:
crude oil 179 km

Argentina:
crude oil 4,090 km; petroleum products 2,900 km; natural
gas 9,918 km

Armenia:
natural gas 900 km (1991)

Australia:
crude oil 2,500 km; petroleum products 500 km; natural
gas 5,600 km

Austria:
crude oil 777 km; natural gas 840 km (1999)

Azerbaijan:
crude oil 1,130 km; petroleum products 630 km; natural
gas 1,240 km

Bahrain:
crude oil 56 km; petroleum products 16 km; natural gas 32 km

Bangladesh:
natural gas 1,250 km

Belarus:
crude oil 1,470 km; refined products 1,100 km; natural gas
1,980 km (1992)

Belgium:
crude oil 161 km; petroleum products 1,167 km; natural gas
3,300 km

Bolivia:
crude oil 1,800 km; petroleum products 580 km; natural gas
1,495 km

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
crude oil 174 km; natural gas 90 km (1992)

Brazil:
crude oil 2,980 km; petroleum products 4,762 km; natural gas
4,246 km (1998)

Brunei:
crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920
km

Bulgaria:
petroleum products 525 km; natural gas 1,500 km (1999)

Burma:
crude oil 1,343 km; natural gas 330 km

Canada:
crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km

Chile:
crude oil 755 km; petroleum products 785 km; natural gas 320
km

China:
crude oil 9,070 km; petroleum products 560 km; natural gas
9,383 km (1998)

Colombia:
crude oil 3,585 km; petroleum products 1,350 km; natural
gas 830 km; natural gas liquids 125 km

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
petroleum products 390 km

Congo, Republic of the:
crude oil 25 km

Costa Rica:
petroleum products 176 km

Croatia:
crude oil 670 km; petroleum products 20 km; natural gas 310
km (1992)

Czech Republic:
natural gas 3,550 km (2000)

Denmark:
crude oil 110 km; petroleum products 578 km; natural gas
700 km

Dominican Republic:
crude oil 96 km; petroleum products 8 km

Ecuador:
crude oil 800 km; petroleum products 1,358 km

Egypt:
crude oil 1,171 km; petroleum products 596 km; natural gas
460 km

Estonia:
natural gas 420 km (1992)

Finland:
natural gas 580 km

France:
crude oil 3,059 km; petroleum products 4,487 km; natural gas
24,746 km

Gabon:
crude oil 270 km; petroleum products 14 km

Georgia:
crude oil 370 km; refined products 300 km; natural gas 440
km (1992)

Germany:
crude oil 2,500 km (1998)

Ghana:
0 km

Gibraltar:
0 km

Greece:
crude oil 26 km; petroleum products 547 km

Guatemala:
crude oil 275 km

Hungary:
crude oil 1,204 km; natural gas 4,387 km (1991)

India:
crude oil 3,005 km; petroleum products 2,687 km; natural gas
1,700 km (1995)

Indonesia:
crude oil 2,505 km; petroleum products 456 km; natural
gas 1,703 km (1989)

Iran:
crude oil 5,900 km; petroleum products 3,900 km; natural gas
4,550 km

Iraq:
crude oil 4,350 km; petroleum products 725 km; natural gas
1,360 km

Ireland:
natural gas 7,592 km (transmission 1,158 km; distribution
6,434 km) (2000)

Israel:
crude oil 708 km; petroleum products 290 km; natural gas 89
km

Italy:
crude oil 1,703 km; petroleum products 2,148 km; natural gas
19,400 km

Jamaica:
petroleum products 10 km

Japan:
crude oil 84 km; petroleum products 322 km; natural gas 1,800
km

Jordan:
crude oil 209 km; note - may not be in use

Kazakhstan:
crude oil 2,850 km; refined products 1,500 km; natural
gas 3,480 km (1992)

Kenya:
petroleum products 483 km

Korea, North:
crude oil 37 km; petroleum product 180 km

Korea, South:
petroleum products 455 km; note - additionally, there
is a parallel petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) pipeline being
completed

Kuwait:
crude oil 877 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas 165
km

Kyrgyzstan:
natural gas 200 km

Laos:
petroleum products 136 km

Latvia:
crude oil 750 km; refined products 780 km; natural gas 560
km (1992)

Lebanon:
crude oil 72 km (none in operation)

Libya:
crude oil 4,383 km; petroleum products 443 km (includes
liquefied petroleum gas or LPG 256 km); natural gas 1,947 km

Lithuania:
crude oil, 105 km; natural gas 760 km (1992)

Luxembourg:
petroleum products 48 km

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
10 km

Malaysia:
crude oil 1,307 km; natural gas 379 km

Mexico:
crude oil 28,200 km; petroleum products 10,150 km; natural
gas 13,254 km; petrochemical 1,400 km

Midway Islands:
7.8 km

Moldova:
natural gas 310 km (1992)

Morocco:
crude oil 362 km; petroleum products 491 km (abandoned);
natural gas 241 km

Mozambique:
crude oil 306 km; petroleum products 289 km

note: not operating

Netherlands:
crude oil 418 km; petroleum products 965 km; natural
gas 10,230 km

New Zealand:
petroleum products 160 km; natural gas 1,000 km;
liquefied petroleum gas or LPG 150 km

Nicaragua:
crude oil 56 km

Nigeria:
crude oil 2,042 km; petroleum products 3,000 km; natural
gas 500 km

Norway:
refined petroleum products 53 km

Oman:
crude oil 1,300 km; natural gas 1,030 km

Pakistan:
crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 885 km; natural gas
4,044 km (1987)

Panama:
crude oil 130 km (2001)

Peru:
crude oil 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids 64 km

Philippines:
petroleum products 357 km

Poland:
crude oil and petroleum products 2,280 km; natural gas
17,000 km (1996)

Portugal:
crude oil 22 km; petroleum products 58 km; natural gas 700
km

note: the secondary lines for the natural gas pipeline that will be
300 km long have not yet been built

Qatar:
crude oil 235 km; natural gas 400 km

Romania:
crude oil 2,800 km; petroleum products 1,429 km; natural
gas 6,400 km (1992)

Russia:
crude oil 48,000 km; petroleum products 15,000 km; natural
gas 140,000 km (June 1993 est.)

Saudi Arabia:
crude oil 6,400 km; petroleum products 150 km; natural
gas 2,200 km (includes natural gas liquids 1,600 km)

Slovakia:
petroleum products NA km; natural gas 2,700 km

Slovenia:
crude oil 290 km; natural gas 305 km

Somalia:
crude oil 15 km

South Africa:
crude oil 931 km; petroleum products 1,748 km; natural
gas 322 km

Spain:
crude oil 265 km; petroleum products 1,794 km; natural gas
1,666 km

Sri Lanka:
crude oil and petroleum products 62 km (1987)

Sudan:
refined products 815 km

Sweden:
natural gas 84 km

Switzerland:
crude oil 314 km; natural gas 1,506 km

Syria:
crude oil 1,304 km; petroleum products 515 km

Tajikistan:
natural gas 400 km (1992)

Tanzania:
crude oil 982 km

Thailand:
petroleum products 67 km; natural gas 350 km

Trinidad and Tobago:
crude oil 1,032 km; petroleum products 19 km;
natural gas 904 km

Tunisia:
crude oil 797 km; petroleum products 86 km; natural gas 742
km

Turkey:
crude oil 1,738 km; petroleum products 2,321 km; natural gas
708 km

Turkmenistan:
crude oil 250 km; natural gas 4,400 km

Ukraine:
crude oil 4,000 km (1995); petroleum products 4,500 km
(1995); natural gas 34,400 km (1998)

United Arab Emirates:
crude oil 830 km; natural gas, including
natural gas liquids, 870 km

United Kingdom:
crude oil (almost all insignificant) 933 km;
petroleum products 2,993 km; natural gas 12,800 km

United States:
petroleum products 276,000 km; natural gas 331,000 km
(1991)

Uzbekistan:
crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas
810 km (1992)

Venezuela:
crude oil 6,370 km; petroleum products 480 km; natural
gas 4,010 km

Vietnam:
petroleum products 150 km

Yemen:
crude oil 644 km; petroleum products 32 km

Yugoslavia:
crude oil 415 km; petroleum products 130 km; natural gas
2,110 km

Zambia:
crude oil 1,724 km

Zimbabwe:
petroleum products 212 km

Taiwan:
petroleum products 3,400 km; natural gas 1,800 km (1999)

======================================================================

@Political parties and leaders

Afghanistan:
Taliban (Religious Students Movement) [Mullah Mohammad
OMAR]; United National Islamic Front for the Salvation of
Afghanistan or UNIFSA [Burhanuddin RABBANI, chairman; Gen. Abdul
Rashid DOSTAM, vice chairman; Ahmad Shah MASOOD, military commander;
Mohammed Yunis QANUNI, spokesman]; note - made up of 13 parties
opposed to the Taliban including Harakat-i-Islami Afghanistan
(Islamic Movement of Afghanistan), Hizb-i-Islami (Islamic Party),
Hizb-i-Wahdat-i-Islami (Islamic Unity Party), Jumaat-i-Islami
Afghanistan (Islamic Afghan Society), Jumbish-i-Milli (National
Front), Mahaz-i-Milli-i-Islami (National Islamic Front)

Albania:
Albanian National Front (Balli Kombetar) or PBK [Abaz
ERMENJI]; Albanian Republican Party or PR [Fatmir MEDIU]; Albanian
Socialist Party or PS (formerly the Albania Workers Party) [Fatos
NANO, chairman]; Christian Democratic Party or PDK [Zef BUSHATI];
Democratic Alliance or PAD [Neritan CEKA]; Democratic Party or PD
[Sali BERISHA]; Group of Reformist Democrats [Leonard NDOKA];
Liberal Union Party [Teodor LACO]; note - Teodor LACO of the Liberal
Union Party was leader of the Social Democratic Union of Albania or
PBSD; Movement of Legality Party or PLL [Nderim KUPI]; OMONIA
[Vagjelis DULES]; Party of National Unity or PUK [Idajet BEQUIRI];
Social Democratic Party or PSD [Skender GJINUSHI]; Unity for Human
Rights Party or PBDNJ [Vasil MELO, chairman]

Algeria:
Democratic National Rally or RND [Ahmed OUYAHIA, chairman];
Islamic Salvation Front or FIS (outlawed April 1992) [Ali BELHADJ
and Dr. Abassi MADANI (imprisoned), Rabeh KEBIR (self-exile in
Germany)]; Movement of a Peaceful Society or MSP [Mahfoud NAHNAH,
chairman]; National Liberation Front or FLN [Boualem BENHAMOUDA,
secretary general]; Progressive Republican Party [Khadir DRISS];
Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Said SAADI, secretary
general]; Renaissance Movement or EnNahda Movement [Lahbib ADAMI];
Social Liberal Party or PSL [Ahmed KHELIL]; Socialist Forces Front
or FFS [Hocine Ait AHMED, secretary general (self-exile in
Switzerland)]; Union for Democracy and Liberty [Mouley BOUKHALAFA];
Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUN]

note: a party law banning political parties based on religion was
enacted in March 1997

American Samoa:
Democratic Party [leader NA]; Republican Party
[leader NA]

Andorra:
Liberal Union or UL [Marc Forne MOLNE] (renamed Liberal
Party of Andorra or PLA); National Democratic Group or AND [Ladislau
BARO SOLA]; National Democratic Initiative or IDN [Vincenc MATEU
Zamora]; New Democracy or ND [Jaume BARTOMEU Cassany]; Union of the
People of Ordino (Unio Parroquial d'Ordino) or UPO [Simo DURO Coma]

note: there are two other small parties

Angola:
Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Analia de Victoria
PEREIRA]; National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA
[disputed leadership: Lucas NGONDA, Holden ROBERTO]; National Union
for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Jonas SAVIMBI],
largest opposition party has engaged in years of armed resistance;
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo
DOS SANTOS] ruling party in power since 1975; Social Renewal Party
or PRS [disputed leadership: Eduardo KUANGANA, Antonio MUACHICUNGO];
UNITA-Renovada [Eugenio NGOLO "Manuvakola", leader]

note: about a dozen minor parties participated in the 1992
elections but won few seats and have little influence in the
National Assembly

Anguilla:
Anguilla United Movement or AUM [Hubert HUGHES]; The
United Front or UF [Osbourne FLEMMING, Victor BANKS], a coalition of
the Anguilla Democratic Party or ADP and the Anguilla National
Alliance or ANA

Antigua and Barbuda:
Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Lester Bryant
BIRD]; Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Thomas H. FRANK]; United
Progressive Party or UPP [Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three
opposition parties - United National Democratic Party or UNDP,
Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, and Progressive Labor
Movement or PLM)

Argentina:
Action for the Republic or AR [Domingo CAVALLO]; Front
for a Country in Solidarity or Frepaso (a four-party coalition)
[Carlos ALVAREZ]; Justicialist Party or PJ [Carlos Saul MENEM]
(Peronist umbrella political organization); Radical Civic Union or
UCR [Raul ALFONSIN]; several provincial parties

Armenia:
Armenia Party [Myasnik ALKHASYAN]; Armenian Communist Party
or ACP [Vladimir DARBINYAN]; Armenian Revolutionary Federation
("Dashnak" Party) or ARF [Hrant MARKARYAN]; Christian Democratic
Union or CDU [Azat ARSHAKYN, chairman]; Democratic Liberal Party
[Ramkavar AZATAKAN, chairman]; Free Armenian's Mission [Ruben
MNATSANIAN, chairman]; Law and Unity Party [Artashes GEGAMIAN,
chairman]; Law-Governed Party [Artur BAGDASARIAN, chairman]; Mission
Party [Artush PAPOIAN, chairman]; National Democratic Union or NDU
[Vazgen MANUKIAN]; National State Party [Samvel SHAGINIAN];
Pan-Armenian National Movement or PANM [Vano SIRADEGHYAN]; People's
Party of Armenia [Stepan DEMIRCHYAN]; Republican Party or RPA
[Andranik MARKARYAN]; Shamiram Women's Movement or SWM [Gayane
SARUKHYAN]; Social Democratic (Hnchakian) Party [Ernst SOGOMONYAN];
Stability Group [Vartan AYVAZIAN, chairman]; Union of National
Self-Determination or NSDU [Paruir HAIRIKIAN, chairman]; Unity Bloc
[Stepan DEMIRCHIAN and Andranik MARKARYAN] (a coalition of the
Republican Party and People's Party of Armenia)

Aruba:
Aruba Solidarity Movement or MAS [leader NA]; Aruban
Democratic Party or PDA [Leo BERLINSKI]; Aruban Liberal Party or OLA
[Glenbert CROES]; Aruban Patriotic Party or PPA [Benny NISBET];
Aruban People's Party or AVP [Tico CROES]; Electoral Movement Party
or MEP [Nelson ODUBER]; For a Restructured Aruba Now or PARA [leader
NA]; National Democratic Action or ADN [Pedro Charro KELLY]

Australia:
Australian Democratic Party [Meg LEES]; Australian Labor
Party [Kim BEAZLEY]; Green Party [Bob BROWN]; Liberal Party [John
Winston HOWARD]; National Party [John ANDERSON]; One Nation Party
[Pauline HANSON]

Austria:
Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Wolfgang SCHUESSEL];
Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Susanne RIESS-PASSER]; Social
Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Alfred GUSENBAUER]; The Greens
Alternative or GA [Alexander VAN DER BELLEN]

Azerbaijan:
Alliance for Azerbaijan Party [Abutalyb SAMADOV];
Azerbaijani Democratic Party or ADP [Sardar JALAL]; Azerbaijani
Independent Democratic Party or AMDP [Leyla YUNUSOVA]; Azerbaijan
Popular Front or APF [Ali KERIMOV, leader of "reform faction";
Mirmahmud FATTAYEV, leader of "traditionalist" faction]; Civic
Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLY]; Civic Union Party
[Ayaz MUTALIBOV]; Communist Party of Azerbaijan or CPA [Ramiz
AHMADOV]; Communist Party of Azerbaijan or CPA-2 [Firudin HASANOV];
Compatriot Party [Mais SAFARLI]; Democratic Enlightenment Party
[Mammadhanifu MUSAYEV]; Democratic Party for Azerbaijan or DPA
[Ilyus ISMAILOV and Rasul QULIYEV, co-chairman]; Democratic World
Party of Azerbaijan [Mamnad ALIZADE]; Liberal Party of Azerbaijan
[Lala Shvkat HAJIYEVA]; Motherland Party [Fazail AGAMALI]; National
Congress Party of Azerbaijan [Ihtiyar SHIRIN]; National Movement
Party [Samir JAFAROV]; National Statehood Party [Sabir
TARIVERDIYEV]; Musavat [Isa GAMBAR, chairman]; New Azerbaijan Party
or NAP [Heydar ALIYEV, chairman]; Party for National Independence of
Azerbaijan or PNIA [Etibar MAMMADOV, chairman]; People's Democratic
Party of Azerbaijan or PDPA [Rafig TURABKHANOGLU]; Social Democratic
Party of Azerbaijan or SDP [Zardusht ALIZADE, chairman]

note: opposition parties regularly factionalize and form new parties

Bahamas, The:
Free National Movement or FNM [Hubert Alexander
INGRAHAM]; Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE]

Bahrain:
political parties prohibited

Bangladesh:
Awami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA]; Bangladesh Communist
Party or BCP [Saifuddin Ahmed MANIK]; Bangladesh Nationalist Party
or BNP [Khaleda ZIAur Rahman]; Islami Oikya Jote or IOJ [Azizol
HAQ]; Jamaat-E-Islami or JI [Motiur Rahman NIZAMI]; Jatiya Party or
JP [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD]

Barbados:
Barbados Labor Party or BLP [Owen ARTHUR]; Democratic
Labor Party or DLP [David THOMPSON]; National Democratic Party or
NDP [Richard HAYNES]

Belarus:
Agrarian Party or AP [Semyon SHARETSKY, chairman];
Belarusian Communist Party or KPB [Viktor CHIKIN, chairman];
Belarusian Ecological Green Party (merger of Belarusian Ecological
Party and Green Party of Belarus) [leader NA]; Belarusian Patriotic
Movement (Belarusian Patriotic Party) or BPR [Anatoliy BARANKEVICH,
chairman]; Belarusian Popular Front or BNF [Vintsuk VYACHORKA];
Belarusian Social-Democrat or SDBP [Nikolay STATKEVICH, chairman];
Belarusian Social-Democratic Party Hromada [Stanislav SHUSHKEVICH,
chairman]; Belarusian Socialist Party [Vyacheslav KUZNETSOV]; Civic
Accord Bloc (United Civic Party) or CAB [Stanislav BOGDANKEVICH,
chairman]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDPB [Sergei GAYDUKEVICH,
chairman]; Party of Communists Belarusian or PKB [Sergei KALYAKIN,
chairman]; Republican Party of Labor and Justice or RPPS [Anatoliy
NETYLKIN, chairman]; Social-Democrat Party of Popular Accord or PPA
[Leanid SECHKA]; Women's Party Nadezhda [Valentina POLEVIKOVA,
chairperson]

Belgium:
AGALEV (Flemish Greens) [Dos GEYSELS]; ECOLO (Francophone
Greens) [no president]; Flemish Christian Democrats or CVP
(Christian People's Party) [Stefaan DE CLERCK, president]; Flemish
Liberal Democrats or VLD [Karel DE GUCHT, president]; Flemish
Socialist Party or SP [Patrick JANSSENS, president]; Francophone
Christian Democrats or PSC (Social Christian Party) [Joelle MILQUET,
president]; Francophone Liberal Reformation Party or PRL [Daniel
DUCARME, president]; Francophone Socialist Party or PS [Elio DI
RUPO, president]; National Front or FN [Daniel FERET]; Vlaams Blok
or VB [Frank VANHECKE]; Volksunie or VU [leader vacant]; other minor
parties

Belize:
People's United Party or PUP [Said MUSA]; United Democratic
Party or UDP [Manuel ESQUIVEL, Dean BARROW, Doug SINGH]

Benin:
African Movement for Democracy and Progress or MADEP [Sefou
FAGBOHOUN]; Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP [Sylvain
Adekpedjou AKINDES]; Alliance of the Social Democratic Party or PSD
and the National Union for Solidarity and Progress or UNSP [Bruno
AMOUSSOU]; Cameleon Alliance or AC [leader NA]; Car-DUNYA [Saka
SALEY]; Communist Party of Benin or PCB [Pascal FANTONDJI, first
secretary]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI];
Front for Renewal and Development or FARD-ALAFIA [Jerome Sakia
KINA]; Impulse for Progress and Democracy or IPD [Bertin BORNA];
Liberal Democrats' Rally for National Reconstruction-Vivoten or
RDL-Vivoten [Severin ADJOVI]; Movement for Citizens' Commitment and
Awakening or MERCI [Severin ADJOVI]; New Generation for the Republic
or NGR [Paul DOSSOU]; Our Common Cause or NCC [Francois Odjo
TANKPINON]; Party Democratique du Benin or PDB [Col. Soule DANKORO];
Rally for Democracy and Pan-Africanism or RDP [Dominique HOYMINOU,
Dr. Giles Auguste MINONTIN]; Renaissance Party du Benin or RB
[Nicephore SOGLO]; The Star Alliance (Alliance E'toile) [Sacca
LAFIA]; Union for National Democracy and Solidarity or UDS [Adamou
N'Diaye MAMA]

note: the Coalition of Democratic Forces is an alliance of parties
and organizations supporting President KEREKOU [Gatien HOUNGBEDJI]

Bermuda:
National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON];
Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda
Party or UBP [Pamela GORDON]

Bhutan:
no legal parties

Bolivia:
Christian Democratic Party or PDC [leader NA]; Civic
Solidarity Union or UCS [Johnny FERNANDEZ]; Conscience of the
Fatherland or CONDEPA [Remedios LOZA Alvarado]; Free Bolivia
Movement or MBL [Antonio ARANIBAR]; Movement of the Revolutionary
Left or MIR [Jaime PAZ Zamora]; Nationalist Democratic Action or ADN
[Hugo BANZER Suarez]; Nationalist Revolutionary Movement or MNR
[Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA]; New Republican Force or NFR [leader
NA]; Pachacuti Indigenous Movement [Filipe QUISPE]; United Left or
IU [Marcos DOMIC]

note: the ADN, MIR, and UCS comprise the ruling coalition

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
Bosnian Party or BOSS [Mirnes AJANOVIC];
Bosnian Patriotic Party or BPS [Sefer HALILOVIC]; Civic Democratic
Party of BiH or GDS [Ibrahim SPAHIC]; Croat Christian Democratic
Union or HKDU BiH [Ante PASALIC]; Croatian Democratic Union of BiH
or HDZ-BiH [leader vacant]; Croatian Party of Rights or HSP [Zdravko
HRSTIC]; Croatian Peasants Party of BiH or HSS-BiH [Ilija SIMIC];
Democratic Action Party or SDA [Alija IZETBEGOVIC]; Democratic
National Alliance or DNS [Dragan KOSTIC]; Democratic Party of
Pensioners or DPS [Alojz KNEZOVIC]; Democratic Party of RS or DSRS
[Dragomir DUMIC]; Democratic Peoples Union or DNZ [Fikret ABDIC];
Democratic Socialist Party or DSP [Nebojsa RADMANOVIC]; Liberal
Democratic Party or LDS [Rasim KADIC]; New Croatian Initiative or
NHI [Kresimir ZUBAK]; Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina or SBH [Haris
SILAJDZIC]; Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Mladen IVANIC];
Party of Independent Social Democrats or SNSD [Milorad DODIK];
Pensioners' Party of FBiH [Husein VOJNIKOVIC]; Pensioners' Party of
SR [Stojan BOGOSAVAC]; Republican Party of BiH or RP [Stjepan
KLJUIC]; Serb Democratic Party or Serb Lands or SDS [Dragan
KALINIC]; Serb National Alliance (Serb People's Alliance) or SNS
[Biljana PLAVSIC]; Social Democratic Party BIH or SDP-BiH [Zlatko
LAGUMDZIJA]; Socialist Party of Republika Srpska or SPRS [Zivko
RADISIC]

Botswana:
Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus MOGAE]; Botswana
National Front or BNF [Kenneth KOMA]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP
[Michael DINGAKE]; Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu
SETSHWAELO]

note: main parties are: BDP, BNF, BCP; other minor parties joined
forces in 1999 to form the Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM
[Ephraim SETSHWAELO, chairman] but did not capture any parliamentary
seats; the BAM parties are: the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu
SETSHWAELO], the Botswana Peoples Party, the Independence Freedom
Party [Motsamai MPHO], and the Botswana Progressive Union [D. K.
KWELE]

Brazil:
Brazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Jader BARBALHO,
president]; Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Roberto JEFFERSON];
Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Teotonio VILELA Filno];
Brazilian Socialist Party or PSB [Miguel ARRAES, president];
Brazilian Progressive Party or PPB [Paulo Salim MALUF]; Communist
Party of Brazil or PCdoB [Sergio Roberto Gomes SOUZA, chairman];
Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Leonel BRIZOLA, president]; Liberal
Front Party or PFL [Jorge BORNHAUSEN, president]; Liberal Party or
PL [Francisco Teixeira de OLIVEIRA]; Popular Socialist Party or PPS
[Ciro GOMEZ, president]; Worker's Party or PT [Jose DIRCEU,
president]

British Virgin Islands:
Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Ethlyn
SMITH]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Orlando SMITH]; United
Party or UP [Gregory MADURO]; Virgin Islands Party or VIP [Ralph T.
O'NEAL]

Brunei:
Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd
HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; the PPKB is the only legal
political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985, but became
largely inactive after 1988, it was revived in 1995 and again in
1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties
include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei
National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by
the Brunei Government in 1988)

Bulgaria:
Alliance for National Salvation or ANS (coalition led
mainly by Movement for Rights and Freedoms or MRF) [Ahmed DOGAN];
Bulgarian Business Bloc or BBB [Georgi GANCHEV]; Bulgarian Socialist
Party or BSP [Georgi PURVANOV, chairman]; Democratic Left or DL
(bloc led by BSP, includes Ecoglasnost Political Club and Bulgarian
Agrarian National Union) [leader NA]; Euro-left [Aleksandur TOMOV];
Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization or UMRO [Aleksander
KARAKACHNOV]; Kingdom of Bulgaria Federation [leader NA]; Movement
for Rights and Freedom or DPS [Ahmed DOGAN]; National Movement for
Simeon II [Simeon II, former king]; New Civic Party for Bulgaria
[Bogomil BONEV]; People's Union or PU (includes Bulgarian Agrarian
People's Union and Democratic Party) [Anastasiya MOZER]; St.
George's Day [Lyuben DILOV]; Union of Democratic Forces or UDF (an
alliance of pro-democratic parties) [Ivan KOSTOV]

Burkina Faso:
African Democratic Rally-Alliance for Democracy and
Federation or RDA-ADF [Herman YAMEOGO]; Congress for Democracy and
Progress or CDP [Roch Marc-Christian KABORE]; Movement for Tolerance
and Progress or MTP [Noyabtigungu Congo KABORE]; Party for African
Independence or PAI [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]; Party for Democracy and
Progress or PDP [Joseph KI-ZERBO]; Union of Greens for the
Development of Burkina Faso or UVDB [Ram OVEDRAGO]

Burma:
National League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SHWE, chairman,
AUNG SAN SUU KYI, general secretary]; National Unity Party or NUP
(proregime) [THA KYAW]; Shan Nationalities League for Democracy or
SNLD [U KHUN TUN OO]; Union Solidarity and Development Association
or USDA (proregime, a social and political organization) [THAN AUNG,
general secretary]; and other smaller parties

Burundi:
Two national, mainstream governing parties are: Unity for
National Progress or UPRONA [Luc RUKINGAMA, president]; Burundi
Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Jean MINANI, president]

note: A multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are:
Burundi African Alliance for the Salvation or ABASA [Terrence
NSANZE]; Rally for Democracy and Economic and Social Development or
RADDES [Joseph NZENZIMANA]; Party for National Redress or PARENA
[Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]; People's Reconciliation Party or PRP
[Mathias HITIMANA]

Cambodia:
Buddhist Liberal Party or BLP [IENG MOULY]; Cambodian
Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM];
Khmer Citizen Party or KCP [NGUON SOEUR]; National United Front for
an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or
FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP
(formerly Khmer Nation Party or KNP) [SAM RANGSI]

Cameroon:
Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou NDAM NJOYA];
Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People or RDCP [Paul BIYA];
Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA];
Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC
[leader NA]; Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or MLJC [Marcel
YONDO]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari
BELLO BOUBA, chairman]; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU
NDI]; Union of Cameroonian Populations has two sections UPC-N [Ndeh
NTUMAZAH] and UPC-K [Augustin Frederic KODOCK]

Canada:
Bloc Quebecois [Gilles DUCEPPE]; Canadian Alliance
[Stockwell DAY]; Liberal Party [Jean CHRETIEN]; New Democratic Party
[Alexa MCDONOUGH]; Progressive Conservative Party [Joe CLARK]

Cape Verde:
African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV
[Jose Maria NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Change or ADM
[Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID);
Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Jacinto SANTOS, president];
Movement for Democracy or MPD [Antonio Gualberto do ROSARIO,
president]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico
MONTEIRO, president]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Dr.
Oresimo SILVEIRA, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao
ALEM, president]; Union for an Independent Democratic Cape Verde or
UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO, president]

Cayman Islands:
there are no formal political parties but the
following loose groupings act as political organizations; National
Team; Democratic Alliance; Team Cayman

Central African Republic:
Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP
[Francois PEHOUA]; Central African Democratic Assembly or RDC [Andre
KOLINGBA]; Civic Forum or FC [Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA]; Democratic
Forum or FODEM [Charles MASSI]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD
[Nestor KOMBO-NAGUEMON]; Movement for Democracy and Development or
MDD [David DACKO]; Movement for the Liberation of the Central
African People or MLPC [the party of the president, Ange-Felix
PATASSE]; Patriotic Front for Progress or FPP [Abel GOUMBA];
People's Union for the Republic or UPR [leader NA]; National Unity
Party or PUN [Jean-Paul NGOUPANDE]; Social Democratic Party or PSD
[Enoch LAKOUE]

Chad:
National Union for Development and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh
KEBZABO]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT,
chairman] (originally in opposition but now the party in power and
the party of the president); Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP
[Lal Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen.
Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]

Chile:
Center-Center Union Party or UCCP [Francisco Javier
ERRAZURIZ]; Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Ricardo HORMAZABAL];
Coalition of Parties for Democracy ("Concertacion") or CPD -
including PDC, PS, PPD, PRSD; Independent Democratic Union or UDI
[Pablo LONGUEIRA]; National Renewal or RN [Alberto CARDEMIL]; Party
for Democracy or PPD [Guido GIRARDI]; Radical Social Democratic
Party or PRSD [Anselmo SULE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ricardo NUNEZ]

China:
Chinese Communist Party or CCP [JIANG Zemin, General
Secretary of the Central Committee]; eight registered small parties
controlled by CCP

Christmas Island:
none

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
none

Colombia:
Conservative Party or PSC [Ciro RAMIREZ Anzon]; Liberal
Party or PL [Luis Guillermo VELEZ]; Patriotic Union or UP is a legal
political party formed by Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or
FARC and Colombian Communist Party or PCC [Jaime CAICEDO]; 19 of
April Movement or M-19 [Antonio NAVARRO Wolff]

Comoros:
Front National pour la Justice or FNJ (Islamic party in
opposition) [Ahmed Abdallah MOHAMED, Ahmed ABOUBACAR, Soidiki
M'BAPANOZA]; Rassemblement National pour le Development or RND
(party of the government) [Ali Bazi SELIM]

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
Democratic Social Christian Party
or PDSC [Andre BO-BOLIKO]; Popular Movement of the Revolution or MPR
[leader NA]; Unified Lumumbast Party or PALU [Antoine GIZENGA];
Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Etienne TSHISEKEDI
wa Mulumba]; Union of Federalists and Independent Republicans or
UFERI [Kouyoumba MUCHULI Mulembe]

Congo, Republic of the:
the most important of the many parties are
the Democratic and Patriotic Forces or FDP (an alliance of
Convention for Alternative Democracy, Congolese Labor Party or PCT,
Liberal Republican Party, National Union for Democracy and Progress,
Patriotic Union for the National Reconstruction, and Union for the
National Renewal) [Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO, president]; Association for
Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Jean-Pierre Thystere
TCHICAYA, president]; Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral
Development or MCDDI [Michel MAMPOUYA]; Pan-African Union for Social
Development or UPADS [Martin MBERI]; Union of Democratic Forces or
UFD [Sebastian EBAO]

Cook Islands:
Cook Islands People's Party or CIP [Tai CARPENTER];
Democratic Alliance Party or DAP [Terepai MAOATE]; New Alliance
Party or NAP [Norman GEORGE]

Costa Rica:
Agricultural Labor Action or PALA [Carlos Alberto SOLIS
Blanco]; Costa Rican Renovation Party or PRC [Justo OROZCO];
Democratic Force Party or PFD [Jose M. NUNEZ]; Libertarian Movement
Party or PML [Otto GUEVARA Guth]; National Christian Alliance Party
or ANC [Alejandro MADRIGAL]; National Independent Party or PNI
[Jorge GONZALEZ Marten]; National Integration Party or PIN [Walter
MUNOZ Cespedes]; National Liberation Party or PLN [Sonia PICADO];
Social Christian Unity Party or PUSC [Luis Manuel CHACON]

note: mainly a two-party system - PUSC and PLN; numerous small
parties share less than 25% of population's support

Cote d'Ivoire:
Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire-African Democratic
Rally or PDCI-RDA [Aime Henri Konan BEDIE]; Ivorian Popular Front or
FPI [Laurent GBAGBO]; Ivorian Worker's Party or PIT [Francis WODIE];
Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Henriette DAGRI-DIABATE]; Union for
Democracy and Peace [Gen. Robert GUEI]; over 20 smaller parties

Croatia:
Alliance of Croatian Coast and Mountains Department or PGS
[Luciano SUSANJ]; Croatian Christian Democratic Union or HKDU [Marko
VESELICA]; Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Ivo SANADER]; Croatian
Party of Rights or HSP [Dobroslav PARAGA]; Croatian Peasant Party or
HSS [Zlatko TOMCIC]; Croatian People's Party or HNS [Vesna PUSIC];
Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Drazen BUDISA]; Independent
Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC]; Istrian
Democratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC]; Liberal Party or LP
[leader NA]; Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Ivica RACAN]

note: the Social Democratic Party or SDP and the Croatian Social
Liberal Party or HSLS formed a coalition as did the HSS, HNS, LP,
and IDS, which together defeated the Croatian Democratic Union or
HDZ in the 2000 lower house parliamentary election

Cuba:
only party - Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Fidel CASTRO Ruz,
first secretary]

Cyprus:
Greek Cypriot area: Democratic Party or DIKO [Tassos
PAPADOPOULOS]; Democratic Rally or DISY [Nikos ANASTASIADHIS];
Restorative Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party)
[Dimitrios CHRISTOFIAS]; Social Democrats Movement or KISOS
(formerly United Democratic Union of Cyprus or EDEK) [Vassos
LYSSARIDIS]; United Democrats Movement or EDE (formerly Free
Democrats Movement or KED) [George VASSILIOU]; Turkish Cypriot area:
Communal Liberation Party or TKP [Mustafa AKINCI]; Democratic Party
or DP [Salih COSAR]; National Birth Party or UDP [Enver EMIN];
National Unity Party or UBP [Dervis EROGLU]; Our Party or BP [Okyay
SADIKOGLU]; Patriotic Unity Movement or YBH [Izzet IZCAN];
Republican Turkish Party or CTP [Mehmet ALI TALAT]

Czech Republic:
Christian and Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's
Party or KDU-CSL [Jan KASAL, chairman]; Civic Democratic Alliance or
ODA [Daniel KROUPA, chairman]; Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Vaclav
KLAUS, chairman]; Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM
[Miroslav GREBENICEK, chairman]; Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
or KSC [Miroslav STEPAN, chairman]; Czech National Social Party of
CSNS [Jan SULA, chairman]; Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD
[Milos ZEMAN, chairman]; Democratic Union or DEU [Ratibor MAJZLIK,
chairman]; Freedom Union or US [Karel KUEHNL, chairman]; Quad
Coalition [Cyril SVOBODA, chairman] (includes KDU-CSL, US, ODA,
DEU); Republicans of Miroslav SLADEK or RMS [Miroslav SLADEK,
chairman]

Denmark:
Center Democratic Party [Mimi JAKOBSEN]; Christian People's
Party [Jann SJURSEN]; Conservative Party (sometimes known as
Conservative People's Party) [Bendt BENDTSEN]; Danish People's Party
[Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; Progress
Party (now named Freedom 2000) [Kim BEHNKE]; Social Democratic Party
[Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN]; Social Liberal Party (sometimes called the
Radical Left) [Marianne JELVED, leader; Johannes LEBECH, chairman];
Socialist People's Party [Holger K. NIELSEN]; Red-Green Unity List
(bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party of Denmark,
Socialist Workers' Party) [collective leadership]

Djibouti:
Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh];
Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; People's
Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail Omar GELLEH]

Dominica:
Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; Dominica
Labor Party or DLP [Pierre CHARLES]; United Workers Party or UWP
[Edison JAMES]

Dominican Republic:
Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel
FERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Hatuey DE
CAMPS]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Joaquin BALAGUER
Ricardo]

Ecuador:
Concentration of Popular Forces or CFP [Averroes BUCARAM];
Democratic Left or ID [Rodrigo BORJA Cevallos]; Ecuadorian
Conservative Party or PCE [Sixto DURAN Ballen]; Independent National
Movement or MIN [leader NA]; Pachakutik-New Country or P-NP [Rafael
PANDAM]; Popular Democracy or DP [Ramiro RIVERA]; Popular Democratic
Movement or MPD [leader NA]; Radical Alfarista Front or FRA [Fabian
ALARCON, director]; Roldosist Party or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz,
director]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Jaime NEBOT Saadi,
president]

Egypt:
Nasserist Arab Democratic Party or Nasserists [Dia' al-din
DAWUD]; National Democratic Party or NDP [President Mohammed Hosni
MUBARAK, leader] - governing party; National Progressive Unionist
Grouping or Tagammu [Khalid MUHI AL-DIN]; New Wafd Party or NWP
[No'man GOMA]; Socialist Liberal Party or LSP [leader NA]

note: formation of political parties must be approved by government

El Salvador:
Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rene AGUILUZ];
Democratic Convergence or CD (includes PSD, MNR, MPSC) [Ruben
ZAMORA, secretary general]; Democratic Party or PD [Jorge MELENDEZ];
Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Fabio CASTILLO];
Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Kirio Waldo SALGADO, president];
National Action Party or PAN [Gustavo Rogelio SALINAS, secretary
general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ Zepeda,
president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Walter ARAUJO];
Social Christian Union or USC (formed by the merger of Christian
Social Renewal Party or PRSC and Unity Movement or MU) [Abraham
RODRIGUEZ, president]

Equatorial Guinea:
Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS
[Placido Miko ABOGO]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE
(ruling party) [Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO]; Party for Progress
of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]; Popular Action of
Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Miguel Esono EMAN]; Popular Union or UP
[Andres Moises Bda ADA]; Progressive Democratic Alliance or ADP
[Victorino Bolekia BONAY, mayor of Malabo]; Union of Independent
Democrats of UDI [Daniel OYONO]

Eritrea:
People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, the only
party recognized by the government [ISAIAS Afworki, PETROS Solomon];
note - the National Assembly has appointed a committee to draft a
law on political parties

Estonia:
Center Party or K [Edgar SAVISAAR, chairman]; Christian
People's Party [Aldo VINKEL]; Coalition Party and Rural Union or KMU
[Andrus OOBEL, chairman]; Estonian Democratic Party (formerly
Estonian Blue Party) [Jaan LAAS]; Estonian Independence Party
[leader NA]; Estonian National Democratic Party or ENDP [leader NA];
Estonian Pensioners and Families Party [Mai TREIAL]; Estonian
Progressive Party [Andra VEIDEMANN]; Estonian Republican Party
[leader NA]; Estonian Social-Democratic Labor Party [Tiit TOOMSALU];
Estonian Rural People's Union (1999 merger of Estonian Country
People's Party and the Estonian Rural Union) [Arvo SIRENDI]; Party
of Consolidation Today [leader NA]; People's Party Moderates (1999
merger of People's Party and Moderates) [Andres TARAND]; Reform
Party or RE [Siim KALLAS, chairman]; Russian Party in Estonia
[Nikolai MASPANOV]; Russian Unity Party [Igor SEDASHEV]; Union of
Pro Patria or Fatherland League (Isamaaliit) [Mart LAAR, chairman];
United People's Party or UPPE [Viktor ANDREJEV, chairman]

Ethiopia:
Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [leader NA];
All-Amhara People's Organization or AAPO [KEGNAZ MATCH Neguea
Tibeb]; Amhara National Democratic Movement or ANDM [TEFERA Walwa];
Bench Madji People's Democratic Organization or BMPDO [leader NA];
Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF [leader
NA]; Coalition of Alternative Forces for Peace and Democracy or
CAFPD [Kifle TIGNEH Abate and BEYENE Petros]; Ethiopian Democratic
Unity Party or EDUP [Lt. Gen. TESFAYE Gebre Kidan]; Ethiopian
National Democratic Party or ENDP [FEKADU Gedamu]; Ethiopian
People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [MELES Zenawi] (an
alliance of the ANDM, OPDO, and TPLF); Gedeyo People's Revolutionary
Democratic Movement or GPRDF [leader NA]; Gurange Nationalities
Democratic Movement or GNDM [leader NA]; Kafa Shaka People's
Democratic Organization or KSPDO [leader NA]; Kembata, Alabaa, and
Tembaro or KAT [leader NA]; Oromo Liberation Front or OLF [DAOUD
Ibsa Gudina]; Oromo People's Democratic Organization or OPDO [KUMA
Demeksa]; Sidama People's Democratic Organization or SPDO [leader
NA]; South Omo People's Democratic Movement or SOPDM [leader NA];
Tigrai People's Liberation Front or TPLF [MELES Zenawi]; Walayta,
Gamo, Gofa, Dawro, Konta People's Democratic Organization or WGGPDO
[leader NA]; dozens of small parties

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
none; all independents

Faroe Islands:
Center Party [Jenis A. RANA]; Home Rule Party [Helena
Dam a NEYSTABO]; People's Party [Oli BRECKMANN]; Republican Party
[Hogni HOYDAL]; Social Democratic Party [Joannes EIDESGAARD]; Union
Party [Edmund JOENSEN]

Fiji:
Fiji Labor Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDHRY]; Fijian
Nationalist Federation Party or NFP [Singh RAKKA]; Fijian Political
Party or SVT (primarily Fijian) [Maj. Gen. Sitiveni RABUKA];
National Federation Party or NFP (primarily Indian) [Jai Ram REDDY];
United General Party or UGP [David PICKERING]

Finland:
Center Party or Kesk [Esko AHO]; Finnish Christian Union or
SKL [C. P. Bjarne KALLIS]; Green Union [Satu HASSI]; Leftist
Alliance (Communist) composed of People's Democratic League and
Democratic Alternative [Suvi-Anne SIIMES]; National Coalition
(conservative) Party or Kok [Sauli NIINISTO]; Reform Group [Risto
KUISMA]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Paavo LIPPONEN]; Swedish
People's Party or SFP [Jan-Erik ENESTAM]; True Finns [Timo SOINI]

France:
Citizens Movement or MdC [Jean Pierre CHEVENEMENT]; French
Communist Party or PCF [Robert HUE]; Independent Ecological Movement
or MEI [Antoine WAECHTER]; Left Radical Party or PRG (previously
Radical Socialist Party or PRS and the Left Radical Movement or MRG)
[Jean-Michel BAYLET]; Liberal Democracy or DL (originally Republican
Party or PR) [Alain MADELIN]; Movement for France or MPF [Philippe
DEVILLIERS]; National Front or FN [Jean-Marie LE PEN]; Rally for the
Republic or RPR [Michelle ALLIOT-MARIE]; Socialist Party or PS
[Francois HOLLANDE]; Union for French Democracy or UDF (coalition of
UDC, FD, RRRS, PPDF) [Francois BAYROU]; Union of the Center or UDC
[leader NA]

French Guiana:
Guianese Socialist Party or PSG [Antoine KARAM];
Guyana Democratic Forces or FDG [Georges OTHILY]; Rally for the
Republic or RPR [Roland HO-WEN-SZE]; Socialist Party or PS [Pierre
RIBARDIERE] (may be a subset of PSG); Walwari Committee [Christine
TAUBIRA-DELANON]

French Polynesia:
Centrist Union or UC [leader NA]; Independent
Front for the Liberation of Polynesia (Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar
TEMARU]; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api) [Emile VERNAUDON]; People's
Rally for the Republic (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE]

Gabon:
African Forum for Reconstruction or FAR [Leon MBOU-YEMBI];
Circle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean Boniface ASSELE];
Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE [Divungui-di-Ndinge
DIDJOB]; Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG, former sole party
[Simplice Nguedet MANZELA, secretary general]; Gabonese Party for
Progress or PGP [Pierre-Louis AGONDJO-OKAWE, president]; Gabonese
People's Union or UPG [Pierre MAMBOUNDOU]; Gabonese Socialist Union
or USG [Serge MBA BEKALE]; National Rally of Woodcutters (Bucherons)
or RNB [Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE]; People's Unity Party or PUP [Louis
Gaston MAYILA]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Pierre
EMBONI]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pierre Claver
MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]

Gambia, The:
Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction
or APRC [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH]; National Reconciliation Party or
NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for
Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA]; United Democratic
Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]

note: in August 1996 the government banned the following from
participation in the elections of 1996: People's Progressive Party
or PPP [former President Dawda K. JAWARA (in exile)], and two
opposition parties - the National Convention Party or NCP [former
Vice President Sheriff DIBBA] and the Gambian People's Party or GPP
[Hassan Musa CAMARA]

Georgia:
Citizen's Union of Georgia or CUG [Eduard SHEVARDNADZE];
Georgian United Communist Party or UCPG [Panteleimon GIORGADZE,
chairman]; Industry Will Save Georgia or IWSG [Georgi TOPADZE];
National Democratic Party or NDP [Irina SARISHVILI-CHANTURIA];
Socialist Party or SPG [Temur GAMTSEMLIDZE]; Union for "Revival"
Party or AGUR [Alsan ABASHIDZE]; United Republican Party or URP
[Nodar NATADZE, chairman]

Germany:
Alliance '90/Greens [Renate KUENAST and Fritz KUHN];
Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]; Christian Social
Union or CSU [Edmund STOIBER, chairman]; Free Democratic Party or
FDP [Wolfgang GERHARDT, chairman]; note - Wolfgang GERHARDT will
probably be replaced by Guido WESTERWELLE in May 2001; Party of
Democratic Socialism or PDS [Gabi ZIMMER]; Social Democratic Party
or SPD [Gerhard SCHROEDER, chairman]

Ghana:
Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA,
chairman]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA];
National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general
secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES];
People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting
chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander
ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]

Gibraltar:
Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA];
Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]

Greece:
Coalition of the Left and Progress (Synaspismos) [Nikolaos
KONSTANDOPOULOS]; Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Aleka PAPARIGA];
New Democracy or ND (conservative) [Konstandinos KARAMANLIS];
Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Konstandinos SIMITIS]

Greenland:
Akulliit Party [Bjarne KREUTZMANN]; Atassut Party
(Solidarity, a conservative party favoring continuing close
relations with Denmark) [Daniel SKIFTE]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA
(Eskimo Brotherhood, a leftist party favoring complete independence
from Denmark rather than home rule) [Josef MOTZFELDT]; Issituup
(Polar Party) [Nicolai HEINRICH]; Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate List,
an independent right-of-center party with no official platform
[leader NA]; Siumut (Forward Party, a social democratic party
advocating more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy
from Denmark) [Jonathan MOTZFELDT]

Grenada:
Grenada United Labor Party or GULP [Herbert PREUDHOMME];
National Democratic Congress or NDC [leader vacant]; New National
Party or NNP [George McGUIRE]

Guadeloupe:
Communist Party of Guadeloupe or PCG [Christian
CELESTE]; Progressive Democratic Party or PPDG [Henri BANGOU]; Rally
for the Republic or RPR [Aldo BLAISE]; Socialist Party or PS
[Georges LOUISOR]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Marcel ESDRAS]

Guam:
Democratic Party (party of the Governor) [leader NA];
Republican Party (controls the legislature) [leader NA]

Guatemala:
Authentic Integral Development or DIA [Jorge Luis
ORTEGA]; Democratic Union or UD [Jose Luis CHEA Urruela]; Green
Party or LOV [Jose ASTURIAS Rudecke]; Guatemalan Christian Democracy
or DCG [Vinicio CEREZO Arevalo]; Guatemalan National Revolutionary
Unity or URNG [Pablo MONSANTO, also known as Jorge SOTO]; Guatemalan
Republican Front or FRG [Efrain RIOS Montt]; New Nation Alliance or
ANN [leader NA], which includes the URNG; National Advancement Party
or PAN [Leonel LOPEZ Rodas]; Progressive Liberator Party or PLP
[Acisclo VALLADARES Molina]

Guernsey:
none; all independents

Guinea:
Democratic Party of Guinea or PDG-AST [Marcel CROS];
Democratic Party of Guinea-African Democratic Rally or PDG-RDA [El
Hadj Ismael Mohamed Gassim GUSHEIN]; National Union for Progress or
UNP [Paul Louis FABER]; Party for Unity and Progress or PUP [Lansana
CONTE] - the governing party; Party for Renewal and Progress or PRP
[Siradiou DIALLO]; Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha
CONDE]; Union for Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jean-Marie DORE,
secretary-general]; Union for the New Republic or UNR [Mamadou Boye
BA]; Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]

Guinea-Bissau:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau
and Cape Verde or PAIGC [Francisco BENANTE]; Front for the
Liberation and Independence of Guinea or FLING [Francois MENDY];
Guinea-Bissau Resistance-Ba Fata Movement or RGB-MB [Helder Vaz
LOPES]; Guinean Civic Forum or FCG [Antonieta Rosa GOMES];
International League for Ecological Protection or LIPE [Alhaje
Bubacar DJALO, president]; National Union for Democracy and Progress
or UNDP [Abubacer BALDE, secretary general]; Party for Democratic
Convergence or PCD [Victor MANDINGA]; Social Renovation Party or PRS
[Koumba YALLA]; Union for Change or UM [Jorge MANDINGA, president,
Dr. Anne SAAD, secretary general]; United Social Democratic Party or
PUSD [Victor Sau'de MARIA]

Guyana:
Alliance for Guyana or AFG (includes Guyana Labor Party or
GLP and Working People's Alliance or WPA [Rupert ROOPNARINE]; Guyana
Action Party or GAP [leader NA]; Guyana Labor Party or GLP [leader
NA]; People's National Congress or PNC [Hugh Desmond HOYTE];
People's Progressive Party or PPP [Janet JAGEN]; Rise, Organize and
Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]; The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR];
Working People's Alliance or WPA [Rupert ROOPARNINE]

Haiti:
Alliance for the Liberation and Advancement of Haiti or ALAH
[Reynold GEORGES]; Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or
RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Convergence (opposition coalition composed of
ESPACE, OPL, and MOCHRENA) [Gerard PIERRE-CHARLES, Evans PAUL, Luc
MESADIEU, Victor BENOIT]; Democratic Consultation Group coalition or
ESPACE [Evans PAUL, Victor Benoit] composed of the following
parties: National Congress of Democratic Movements or KONAKOM,
National Progressive Revolutionary Party or PANPRA, Generation 2004,
and Haiti Can; Haitian Christian Democratic Party or PDCH
[Marie-France CLAUDE]; Haitian Democratic Party or PADEM [Clark
PARENT]; Lavalas Family or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE]; Mobilization
for National Development or MDN [Hubert DE RONCERAY]; Movement for
National Reconstruction or MRN [Rene THEODORE]; Movement for the
Installation of Democracy in Haiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; Movement
for the Organization of the Country or MOP [Gesner COMEAU and Jean
MOLIERE]; National Front for Change and Democracy or FNCD [Evans
PAUL and Turneb DELPE]; New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or
MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Struggling People's Organization or OPL
[Gerard PIERRE-CHARLES]

Holy See (Vatican City):
none

Honduras:
Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Efrain DIAZ
Arrivillaga, president]; Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Marias
FUNES Valladares, president]; Liberal Party or PL [Carlos Roberto
FLORES Facusse, president]; National Innovation and Unity
Party-Social Democratic Party or PINU-SD [Olban VALLADARES,
president]; National Party of Honduras or PN [Carlos URBIZO,
president]

Hong Kong:
Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood
[Frederick FUNG Kin-kee, chairman]; Citizens Party [leader NA];
Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong [Jasper TSANG
Yok-sing, chairman]; Democratic Party [Martin LEE Chu-ming,
chairman]; Frontier Party [Emily LAU Wai-hing, chairwoman]; Hong
Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood [leader NA];
Hong Kong Progressive Alliance [Ambrose LAU Hon-chuen]; Liberal
Party [James TIEN Pei-chun, chairman]; New Century Forum [NQ
Ching-fai, chairman]

note: political blocs include: pro-democracy - Association for
Democracy and People's Livelihood, Citizens Party, Democratic Party,
Frontier Party; pro-Beijing - Democratic Alliance for the Betterment
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Progressive Alliance, Liberal Party, New
Century Forum

Hungary:
Alliance of Free Democrats or SZDSZ [Gabor DEMSZKY];
Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Gyorgy GICZY,
president]; Federation of Young Democrats-Hungarian Civic Party or
FYD-HCP [Laszlo KOVER]; note - used to be Hungarian Civic Party or
FIDESZ; Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian
Democratic People's Party or MDNP [Erzsebet PUSZTAI, chairman];
Hungarian Justice and Life Party or MIEP [Istvan CSURKA, chairman];
Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP [Laszlo KOVACS, chairman];
Hungarian Workers' Party or MMP [Gyula THURMER, chairman];
Independent Smallholders or FKGP [Jozsef TORGYAN, president]

Iceland:
Independence Party (conservative) or IP [David ODDSSON];
Left-Green Alliance [Steinsvimur SIGFUSSON]; Liberal Party [Sverrir
HERMANNSSON]; People's Party (Social Democratic Party) or SDP
[Sighvatyr BJORGIVINSSON]; Progressive Party (liberal) or PP
[Halldor ASGRIMSSON]; The Alliance (includes People's Alliance or
PA, Social Democratic Party or SVP, People's Movement, Women's List)
[Ossur SKARPHEDINSSON]; Women's List or WL [Kristin ASTGEIRSDOTTIR]