Chapter LXXXIII: Section 3: , telephone 886 (2) 2709-2000, FAX 886 (2) 2702-7675, (18)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
NA

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
NA

Samoa:
NA

San Marino:
NA

Sao Tome and Principe:
NA

Saudi Arabia:
NA

Senegal:
79,000 (1999 est.)

Seychelles:
NA

Sierra Leone:
68,000 (1999 est.)

Singapore:
4,000 (1999 est.)

Slovakia:
400 (1999 est.)

Slovenia:
200 (1999 est.)

Solomon Islands:
NA

Somalia:
NA

South Africa:
4.2 million (1999 est.)

Spain:
120,000 (1999 est.)

Sri Lanka:
7,500 (1999 est.)

Sudan:
NA

Suriname:
3,000 (1999 est.)

Svalbard:
0 (2001)

Swaziland:
130,000 (1999 est.)

Sweden:
3,000 (1999 est.)

Switzerland:
17,000 (1999 est.)

Syria:
NA

Tajikistan:
less than 100 (1999 est.)

Tanzania:
1.3 million (1999 est.)

Thailand:
755,000 (1999 est.)

Togo:
130,000 (1999 est.)

Tokelau:
NA

Tonga:
NA

Trinidad and Tobago:
7,800 (1999 est.)

Tunisia:
NA

Turkey:
NA

Turkmenistan:
less than 100 (1999 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands:
NA

Tuvalu:
NA

Uganda:
820,000 (1999 est.)

Ukraine:
240,000 (1999 est.)

United Arab Emirates:
NA

United Kingdom:
31,000 (1999 est.)

United States:
850,000 (1999 est.)

Uruguay:
6,000 (1999 est.)

Uzbekistan:
less than 100 (1999 est.)

Vanuatu:
NA

Venezuela:
62,000 (1999 est.)

Vietnam:
100,000 (1999 est.)

Virgin Islands:
NA

Wake Island:
NA

Wallis and Futuna:
NA

West Bank:
NA

Western Sahara:
NA

World:
NA

Yemen:
NA

Yugoslavia:
NA

Zambia:
870,000 (1999 est.)

Zimbabwe:
1.5 million (1999 est.)

Taiwan:
NA

======================================================================

@Household income or consumption by

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Country profile category: Economy

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W
Y Z

Afghanistan:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Albania:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Algeria:
lowest 10%: 2.8%

highest 10%: 26.8% (1995)

American Samoa:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Andorra:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Angola:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Anguilla:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Antigua and Barbuda:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Argentina:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Armenia:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Aruba:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Australia:
lowest 10%: 2%

highest 10%: 25.4% (1994)

Azerbaijan:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Bahamas, The:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Bahrain:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Bangladesh:
lowest 10%: 3.9%

highest 10%: 28.6% (1995-96 est.)

Barbados:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Belarus:
lowest 10%: 4.9%

highest 10%: 19.4% (1993)

Belgium:
lowest 10%: 3.7%

highest 10%: 20.2% (1992)

Belize:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Benin:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Bermuda:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Bhutan:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Bolivia:
lowest 10%: 2.3%

highest 10%: 31.7% (1990)

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Botswana:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Brazil:
lowest 10%: 1%

highest 10%: 47.6% (1996)

British Virgin Islands:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Brunei:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Bulgaria:
lowest 10%: 3.4%

highest 10%: 22.5% (1995)

Burkina Faso:
lowest 10%: 2.2%

highest 10%: 39.5% (1994)

Burma:
lowest 10%: 2.8%

highest 10%: 32.4% (1998)

Burundi:
lowest 10%: 3.4%

highest 10%: 26.6% (1992)

Cambodia:
lowest 10%: 2.9%

highest 10%: 33.8% (1997)

Cameroon:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Canada:
lowest 10%: 2.8%

highest 10%: 23.8% (1994)

Cape Verde:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Cayman Islands:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Central African Republic:
lowest 10%: 0.7%

highest 10%: 47.7% (1993)

Chad:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Chile:
lowest 10%: 1.2%

highest 10%: 41.3% (1998)

China:
lowest 10%: 2.4%

highest 10%: 30.4% (1998)

Christmas Island:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Colombia:
lowest 10%: 1%

highest 10%: 44% (1999)

Comoros:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Congo, Republic of the:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Cook Islands:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Costa Rica:
lowest 10%: 1.3%

highest 10%: 34.7% (1996)

Cote d'Ivoire:
lowest 10%: 3.1%

highest 10%: 28.8% (1995)

Croatia:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Cuba:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Cyprus:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Czech Republic:
lowest 10%: 4.3%

highest 10%: 22.4% (1996)

Denmark:
lowest 10%: 2%

highest 10%: 24% (2000 est.)

Djibouti:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Dominica:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Dominican Republic:
lowest 10%: 1.6%

highest 10%: 39.6% (1989)

Ecuador:
lowest 10%: 2.2%

highest 10%: 33.8% (1995)

Egypt:
lowest 10%: 4.4%

highest 10%: 25% (1995)

El Salvador:
lowest 10%: 1.2%

highest 10%: 38.3% (1995)

Equatorial Guinea:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Eritrea:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Estonia:
lowest 10%: 3.2%

highest 10%: 28.5% (1996)

Ethiopia:
lowest 10%: 3%

highest 10%: 33.7% (1995)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Faroe Islands:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Fiji:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Finland:
lowest 10%: 4.2%

highest 10%: 21.6% (1991)

France:
lowest 10%: 2.8%

highest 10%: 25.1% (1995)

French Guiana:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

French Polynesia:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Gabon:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Gambia, The:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Gaza Strip:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Georgia:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Ghana:
lowest 10%: 3.6%

highest 10%: 26.1% (1997)

Gibraltar:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Greece:
lowest 10%: 3%

highest 10%: 25.3% (1993 est.)

Greenland:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Grenada:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Guadeloupe:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Guam:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Guatemala:
lowest 10%: 0.6%

highest 10%: 46.6% (1989)

Guernsey:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Guinea:
lowest 10%: 2.6%

highest 10%: 32% (1994)

Guinea-Bissau:
lowest 10%: 0.5%

highest 10%: 42.4% (1991)

Guyana:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Haiti:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Holy See (Vatican City):
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Honduras:
lowest 10%: 1.2%

highest 10%: 42.1% (1996)

Hong Kong:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Hungary:
lowest 10%: 3.9%

highest 10%: 24.8% (1996)

Iceland:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

India:
lowest 10%: 3.5%

highest 10%: 33.5% (1997)

Indonesia:
lowest 10%: 3.6%

highest 10%: 30.3% (1996)

Iran:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Iraq:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Ireland:
lowest 10%: 2%

highest 10%: 27.3% (1997)

Israel:
lowest 10%: 2.8%

highest 10%: 26.9% (1992)

Italy:
lowest 10%: 3.5%

highest 10%: 21.8% (1995)

Jamaica:
lowest 10%: 2.9%

highest 10%: 28.9% (1996)

Japan:
lowest 10%: 4.8%

highest 10%: 21.7% (1993)

Jersey:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Jordan:
lowest 10%: 2.4%

highest 10%: 34.7% (1991)

Kazakhstan:
lowest 10%: 2.7%

highest 10%: 26.3% (1996)

Kenya:
lowest 10%: 1.8%

highest 10%: 34.9% (1994)

Kiribati:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Korea, North:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Korea, South:
lowest 10%: 2.9%

highest 10%: 24.3% (1993)

Kuwait:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Kyrgyzstan:
lowest 10%: 2.7%

highest 10%: 31.7% (1997)

Laos:
lowest 10%: 4.2%

highest 10%: 26.4% (1992)

Latvia:
lowest 10%: 2.9%

highest 10%: 25.9% (1998)

Lebanon:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Lesotho:
lowest 10%: 0.9%

highest 10%: 43.4% (1986-87)

Liberia:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Libya:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Liechtenstein:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Lithuania:
lowest 10%: 3.1%

highest 10%: 25.6% (1996)

Luxembourg:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Macau:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Madagascar:
lowest 10%: 1.9%

highest 10%: 36.7% (1993)

Malawi:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Malaysia:
lowest 10%: 1.4%

highest 10%: 20.4% (1997 est.)

Maldives:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Mali:
lowest 10%: 1.8%

highest 10%: 40.4% (1994)

Malta:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Man, Isle of:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Marshall Islands:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Martinique:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Mauritania:
lowest 10%: 2.3%

highest 10%: 29.9% (1995)

Mauritius:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Mayotte:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Mexico:
lowest 10%: 1.8%

highest 10%: 36.6% (1996)

Micronesia, Federated States of:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Moldova:
lowest 10%: 2.7%

highest 10%: 25.8% (1992)

Monaco:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Mongolia:
lowest 10%: 2.9%

highest 10%: 24.5% (1995)

Montserrat:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Morocco:
lowest 10%: 2.6%

highest 10%: 30.9% (1998-99)

Mozambique:
lowest 10%: 2.5%

highest 10%: 31.7% (1996-97)

Namibia:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Nauru:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Nepal:
lowest 10%: 3.2%

highest 10%: 29.8% (1995-96)

Netherlands:
lowest 10%: 2.8%

highest 10%: 25.1% (1994)

Netherlands Antilles:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

New Caledonia:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

New Zealand:
lowest 10%: 0.3%

highest 10%: 29.8% (1991 est.)

Nicaragua:
lowest 10%: 1.6%

highest 10%: 39.8% (1993)

Niger:
lowest 10%: 0.8%

highest 10%: 35.4% (1995)

Nigeria:
lowest 10%: 1.6%

highest 10%: 40.8% (1996-97)

Niue:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Norfolk Island:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Northern Mariana Islands:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Norway:
lowest 10%: 4.1%

highest 10%: 21.8% (1995)

Oman:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Pakistan:
lowest 10%: 4.1%

highest 10%: 27.7% (1996)

Palau:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Panama:
lowest 10%: 1.2%

highest 10%: 35.7% (1997)

Papua New Guinea:
lowest 10%: 1.7%

highest 10%: 40.5% (1996)

Paraguay:
lowest 10%: 0.7%

highest 10%: 46.6% (1995)

Peru:
lowest 10%: 1.9%

highest 10%: 34.3% (1994)

Philippines:
lowest 10%: 1.5%

highest 10%: 39.3% (1998)

Pitcairn Islands:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Poland:
lowest 10%: 3%

highest 10%: 26.3% (1996)

Portugal:
lowest 10%: 3.1%

highest 10%: 28.4% (1995 est.)

Puerto Rico:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Qatar:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Reunion:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Romania:
lowest 10%: 3.8%

highest 10%: 20.2% (1992)

Russia:
lowest 10%: 1.7%

highest 10%: 38.7% (1998)

Rwanda:
lowest 10%: 4.2%

highest 10%: 24.2% (1983-85)

Saint Helena:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Saint Lucia:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Samoa:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

San Marino:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Sao Tome and Principe:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Saudi Arabia:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Senegal:
lowest 10%: 1.4%

highest 10%: 42.8% (1991)

Seychelles:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Sierra Leone:
lowest 10%: 0.5%

highest 10%: 43.6% (1989)

Singapore:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Slovakia:
lowest 10%: 5.1%

highest 10%: 18.2% (1992)

Slovenia:
lowest 10%: 3.2%

highest 10%: 20.7% (1995)

Solomon Islands:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Somalia:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

South Africa:
lowest 10%: 1.1%

highest 10%: 45.9% (1994)

Spain:
lowest 10%: 2.8%

highest 10%: 25.2% (1990)

Sri Lanka:
lowest 10%: 1.8%

highest 10%: 39.7% (1995-96 est.)

Sudan:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Suriname:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Svalbard:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Swaziland:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Sweden:
lowest 10%: 3.7%

highest 10%: 20.1% (1992)

Switzerland:
lowest 10%: 2.8%

highest 10%: 25.2% (1992)

Syria:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Tajikistan:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Tanzania:
lowest 10%: 2.9%

highest 10%: 30.2% (1993)

Thailand:
lowest 10%: 2.5%

highest 10%: 37.1% (1992)

Togo:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Tokelau:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Tonga:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Trinidad and Tobago:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Tunisia:
lowest 10%: 2.3%

highest 10%: 30.7% (1990)

Turkey:
lowest 10%: 2.3%

highest 10%: 32.3% (1994)

Turkmenistan:
lowest 10%: 2.6%

highest 10%: 31.7% (1998)

Turks and Caicos Islands:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Tuvalu:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Uganda:
lowest 10%: 3%

highest 10%: 33.4% (1992)

Ukraine:
lowest 10%: 3.9%

highest 10%: 26.4% (1996)

United Arab Emirates:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

United Kingdom:
lowest 10%: 2.6%

highest 10%: 27.3% (1991)

United States:
lowest 10%: 1.8%

highest 10%: 30.5% (1997)

Uruguay:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Uzbekistan:
lowest 10%: 3.1%

highest 10%: 25.2% (1993)

Vanuatu:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Venezuela:
lowest 10%: 1.5%

highest 10%: 35.6% (1995)

Vietnam:
lowest 10%: 3.5%

highest 10%: 29% (1993)

Virgin Islands:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Wallis and Futuna:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

West Bank:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Western Sahara:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

World:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Yemen:
lowest 10%: 2.3%

highest 10%: 30.8% (1992)

Yugoslavia:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Zambia:
lowest 10%: 1.6%

highest 10%: 39.2% (1995)

Zimbabwe:
lowest 10%: 1.8%

highest 10%: 46.9% (1990)

Taiwan:
lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

======================================================================

@Illicit drugs

Afghanistan:
world's largest illicit opium producer, surpassing
Burma (potential production in 1999 - 1,670 metric tons; cultivation
in 1999 - 51,500 hectares, a 23% increase over 1998); a major source
of hashish; increasing number of heroin-processing laboratories
being set up in the country; major political factions in the country
profit from drug trade

Albania:
increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian
opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - to
a far lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined for
Western Europe; limited opium and cannabis production; ethnic
Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and rapidly expanding
in Europe

Angola:
increasingly used as a transshipment point for cocaine and
heroin destined for Western Europe and other African states

Anguilla:
transshipment point for South American narcotics destined
for the US and Europe

Antigua and Barbuda:
considered a minor transshipment point for
narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as a
drug-money-laundering center

Argentina:
use as a transshipment country for cocaine headed for
Europe and the US; increasing use as a money-laundering center;
domestic consumption of drugs in urban centers is increasing

Armenia:
illicit cultivator of cannabis mostly for domestic
consumption; increasingly used as a transshipment point for illicit
drugs - mostly opium and hashish - to Western Europe and the US via
Iran, Central Asia, and Russia

Aruba:
drug-money-laundering center and transit point for narcotics
bound for the US and Europe

Australia:
Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit
opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of
opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate

Austria:
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South
American cocaine destined for Western Europe

Azerbaijan:
limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy,
mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program;
transshipment point for opiates via Iran, Central Asia, and Russia
to Western Europe

Bahamas, The:
transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound
for US and Europe; banking industry vulnerable to money laundering

Bangladesh:
transit country for illegal drugs produced in
neighboring countries

Barbados:
one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics
bound for Europe and the US

Belarus:
limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for
the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to and
via Russia, and to the Baltics and Western Europe

Belgium:
growing producer of synthetic drugs; transit point for
US-bound ecstasy; source of precursor chemicals for South American
cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine, heroin,
hashish, and marijuana entering Western Europe

Belize:
minor transshipment point for cocaine; small-scale illicit
producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; minor
money-laundering center

Benin:
transshipment point for narcotics associated with Nigerian
trafficking organizations and most commonly destined for Western
Europe and the US

Bolivia:
world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia
and Peru, a distant second) with an estimated 14,600 hectares under
cultivation in 2000, a 33% decrease in overall cultivation of coca
from 1999 levels; intermediate coca products and cocaine exported to
or through Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, and Chile to the US and
other international drug markets; eradication and alternative crop
programs have slashed illicit coca cultivation during the BANZER
administration beginning in 1997

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
minor transit point for marijuana and opiate
trafficking routes to Western Europe

Brazil:
limited illicit producer of cannabis, minor coca cultivation
in the Amazon region, mostly used for domestic consumption;
government has a large-scale eradication program to control
cannabis; important transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian,
and Peruvian cocaine headed for the US and Europe; also used by
traffickers as a way station for narcotics air transshipments
between Peru and Colombia; upsurge in drug-related violence and
weapons smuggling; important market for Bolivian, Peruvian, and
Colombian cocaine

British Virgin Islands:
transshipment point for South American
narcotics destined for the US and Europe

Brunei:
drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled
substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory
death penalty

Bulgaria:
major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian
heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the
European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals

Burma:
world's second largest producer of illicit opium, after
Afghanistan (potential production in 1999 - 1,090 metric tons, down
38% due to drought; cultivation in 1999 - 89,500 hectares, a 31%
decline from 1998); surrender of drug warlord KHUN SA's Mong Tai
Army in January 1996 was hailed by Rangoon as a major
counternarcotics success, but lack of government will and ability to
take on major narcotrafficking groups and lack of serious commitment
against money laundering continues to hinder the overall antidrug
effort; becoming a major source of methamphetamine for regional
consumption

Cambodia:
possible money laundering; narcotics-related corruption
reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police;
possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production;
large producer of cannabis for the international market

Canada:
illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market;
use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large
quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; transit point for
heroin and cocaine entering the US market

Cape Verde:
used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving
from Latin America and Africa destined for Western Europe

Cayman Islands:
vulnerable to drug money laundering and drug
transshipment to the US and Europe

Chile:
a growing transshipment country for cocaine destined for the
US and Europe; economic prosperity has made Chile more attractive to
traffickers seeking to launder drug profits; imported precursors
passed on to Bolivia; domestic cocaine consumption is rising

China:
major transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden
Triangle; growing domestic drug abuse problem; source country for
chemical precursors and methamphetamine

Colombia:
illicit producer of coca, opium poppies, and cannabis;
world's leading coca cultivator (cultivation of coca in 1999 -
122,500 hectares, a 20.3% increase over 1998); cultivation of opium
in 1999 increased to 7,500 hectares from 6,100 hectares in 1998;
potential production of opium in 1999 - 75 metric tons, a 25%
increase over 1998; potential production of heroin in 1999 - nearly
8 metric tons, as compared with 6 tons in 1998; the world's largest
processor of coca derivatives into cocaine; supplier of about 90% of
the cocaine to the US and the great majority of cocaine to other
international drug markets, and an important supplier of heroin to
the US market; active aerial eradication program

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
illicit producer of cannabis,
mostly for domestic consumption

Costa Rica:
transshipment country for cocaine and heroin from South
America; illicit production of cannabis on small, scattered plots;
domestic cocaine consumption is rising, particularly crack cocaine;
those who previously only trafficked are now becoming users

Cote d'Ivoire:
illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for local
consumption; transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian
heroin to Europe and occasionally to the US, and for Latin American
cocaine destined for Europe

Croatia:
transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian
heroin to Western Europe; a minor transit point for maritime
shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe

Cuba:
territorial waters and air space serve as transshipment zone
for cocaine bound for the US and Europe; established the death
penalty for certain drug-related crimes in 1999

Cyprus:
minor transit point for heroin and hashish via air routes
and container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey;
some cocaine transits as well

Czech Republic:
major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin
and minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western
Europe; domestic consumption - especially of locally produced
synthetic drugs - on the rise

Dominica:
transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and
Europe; minor cannabis producer; banking industry is vulnerable to
money laundering

Dominican Republic:
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for
ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada

Ecuador:
significant transit country for cocaine and derivatives of
coca originating in Colombia and Peru; importer of precursor
chemicals used in production of illicit narcotics; important
money-laundering hub; increased activity on the northern frontier by
trafficking groups and Colombian insurgents

Egypt:
a transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian
heroin and opium moving to Europe, Africa, and the US; popular
transit stop for Nigerian couriers

El Salvador:
transshipment point for cocaine; marijuana produced for
local consumption; domestic drug abuse on the rise

Estonia:
transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Southwest
Asia and the Caucasus via Russia, cocaine from Latin America to
Western Europe and Scandinavia, and synthetic drugs from Western
Europe to Scandinavia; possible precursor manufacturing and/or
trafficking; synthetic drug production growing, trafficked to
Russia, Baltics, Finland

Ethiopia:
transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and
Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as
cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat
(khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti
and Somalia

France:
transshipment point for and consumer of South American
cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and European synthetics

French Guiana:
small amount of marijuana grown for local
consumption; minor transshipment point to Europe

Georgia:
limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for
domestic consumption; used as transshipment point for opiates via
Central Asia to Western Europe and Russia

Germany:
source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine
processors; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asian
heroin, Latin American cocaine, and European-produced synthetic drugs

Ghana:
illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug
trade; transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and
South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US

Greece:
a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and
heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and
precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine
transits or is consumed in Greece

Grenada:
small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment
point for marijuana and cocaine to US

Guatemala:
transit country for cocaine and heroin; minor producer of
illicit opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade;
proximity to Mexico makes Guatemala a major staging area for drugs
(cocaine and heroin shipments); money laundering is probably
increasing

Guyana:
transshipment point for narcotics from South America -
primarily Venezuela - to Europe and the US; producer of cannabis

Haiti:
major Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to
the US and Europe; vulnerable to money laundering

Honduras:
transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit
producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally
for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; vulnerable to
money laundering

Hong Kong:
a hub for Southeast Asian heroin and regional stimulants
trade; transshipment and money-laundering center; increasing
indigenous amphetamine abuse

Hungary:
major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and
cannabis and transit point for South American cocaine destined for
Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals,
particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine

India:
world's largest producer of licit opium for the
pharmaceutical trade, but an undetermined quantity of opium is
diverted to illicit international drug markets; transit country for
illicit narcotics produced in neighboring countries; illicit
producer of hashish and methaqualone

Indonesia:
illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use;
possible growing role as transshipment point for Golden Triangle
heroin

Iran:
despite substantial interdiction efforts, Iran remains a key
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe; domestic
consumption of narcotics remains a persistent problem and Iranian
press reports estimate that there are at least 1.2 million drug
users in the country

Ireland:
transshipment point for and consumer of hashish from North
Africa to the UK and Netherlands and of European-produced synthetic
drugs; minor transshipment point for heroin and cocaine destined for
Western Europe

Israel:
increasingly concerned about cocaine and heroin abuse; drugs
arrive in country from Lebanon and increasingly Jordan

Italy:
important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine
and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market

Jamaica:
major transshipment point for cocaine from South America to
North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis;
government has an active manual cannabis eradication program;
corruption is a major concern

Kazakhstan:
significant illicit cultivation of cannabis and limited
cultivation of opium poppy and ephedra (for the drug ephedrone);
limited government eradication program; cannabis consumed largely in
the CIS; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Russia,
North America, and Western Europe from Southwest Asia; developing
heroin addiction problem

Kenya:
widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit
country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North
America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa

Kyrgyzstan:
limited illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy,
mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program;
increasingly used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Russia
and Western Europe from Southwest Asia

Laos:
world's third-largest illicit opium producer (estimated
cultivation in 1999 - 21,800 hectares, a 16% decrease over 1998;
estimated potential production in 1999 - 140 metric tons, about the
same as in 1998); potential heroin producer; transshipment point for
heroin and methamphetamine produced in Burma; illicit producer of
cannabis

Latvia:
transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Central
and Southwest Asia to Western Europe and Scandinavia and Latin
American cocaine and some synthetics from Western Europe to CIS;
limited production of illicit amphetamine, ephedrine, and ecstasy
for export

Lebanon:
inconsequential producer of hashish; a Lebanese/Syrian
eradication campaign started in the early 1990s has practically
eliminated the opium and cannabis crops

Liberia:
increasingly a transshipment point for Southeast and
Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine for the European
and US markets

Liechtenstein:
multilateral organizations engaged in issuing
international guidelines for financial sector oversight have found
gaps in Liechtenstein's financial services controls that make it
vulnerable to money laundering

Lithuania:
transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs
from Southwest Asia, Latin America, and Western Europe to Western
Europe and Scandinavia; limited production of methamphetamine and
ecstasy

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
increasing transshipment
point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point
for South American cocaine destined for Europe

Madagascar:
illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild
varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point
for heroin

Malaysia:
transit point for some illicit drugs; drug trafficking
prosecuted vigorously and carries severe penalties

Malta:
minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to
Western Europe

Martinique:
transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for
the US and Europe

Mauritius:
minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from
South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally

Mexico:
illicit cultivation of opium poppy (cultivation in 2000 -
1,900 hectares; potential heroin production - 2.4 metric tons) and
cannabis cultivation in 2000 - 3,900 hectares; government
eradication efforts have been key in keeping illicit crop levels
low; major supplier of heroin and marijuana to the US market;
continues as the primary transshipment country for US-bound cocaine
from South America; two major drug syndicates control majority of
drug trafficking throughout the country; primary supplier of
methamphetamine to the US market; growing producer and distributor
of ecstasy

Moldova:
limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for
CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from
Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and
possibly the US

Montserrat:
transshipment point for South American narcotics
destined for the US and Europe

Morocco:
illicit producer of hashish; trafficking on the increase
for both domestic and international drug markets; shipments of
hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine
from South America destined for Western Europe

Mozambique:
Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish,
South Asian heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for
the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for
local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa)

Nepal:
illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic and
international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast
Asia to the West

Netherlands:
major European producer of illicit amphetamine and
other synthetic drugs; important gateway for cocaine, heroin, and
hashish entering Europe; major source of US-bound ecstasy

Netherlands Antilles:
money-laundering center; transshipment point
for South American drugs bound for the US and Europe

Nicaragua:
transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US and
transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing

Nigeria:
facilitates movement of heroin en route from Southeast and
Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America; increasingly a
transit route for cocaine from South America intended for European,
East Asian, and North American markets

Pakistan:
key transit area for Southwest Asian heroin moving to
Western markets; narcotics still move from Afghanistan into
Balochistan Province

Panama:
major cocaine transshipment point and major drug
money-laundering center; no recent signs of coca cultivation;
monitoring of financial transactions is improving; official
corruption remains a major problem; Panama was cited by the
Financial Action Task Force (FATF) an international organization
that includes the US Government, for its lack of cooperation in the
fight against international money laundering

Paraguay:
illicit producer of cannabis, most or all of which is
consumed in South America; transshipment country for Andean cocaine
headed for Southern Cone markets and Europe

Peru:
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru
reduced the area of coca under cultivation by 64% to 34,200 hectares
between 1996 and the end of 2000; much of the cocaine base is
shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine for the
international drug market; increasing amounts of finished cocaine,
however, are being shipped to Europe or to Brazil and Bolivia for
use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to world markets

Philippines:
exports locally produced marijuana and hashish to East
Asia, the US, and other Western markets; serves as a transit point
for heroin and crystal methamphetamine

Poland:
major illicit producer of amphetamine for the international
market; minor transshipment point for Asian and Latin American
illicit drugs to Western Europe

Portugal:
important gateway country for Latin American cocaine and
Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; transshipment
point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest
Asian heroin

Romania:
important transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin
transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American
cocaine bound for Western Europe

Russia:
limited cultivation of illicit cannabis and opium poppy and
producer of amphetamine, mostly for domestic consumption; government
has active eradication program; increasingly used as transshipment
point for Southwest and Southeast Asian opiates and cannabis and
Latin American cocaine to Western Europe, possibly to the US, and
growing domestic market; major source of heroin precursor chemicals;
corruption and organized crime are major concerns; heroin an
increasing threat in domestic drug market

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe

Saint Lucia:
transit point for South American drugs destined for the
US and Europe

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
transshipment point for South
American drugs destined for the US and Europe

Saudi Arabia:
death penalty for traffickers; increasing consumption
of heroin and cocaine

Senegal:
transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian
heroin moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of
cannabis

Singapore:
as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore
is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, to use as a
transit point for Golden Triangle heroin and as a venue for money
laundering

Slovakia:
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for
Western Europe

Slovenia:
minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin
bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals

South Africa:
transshipment center for heroin, hashish, marijuana,
and possibly cocaine; cocaine consumption on the rise; world's
largest market for illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally
from India through various east African countries; illicit
cultivation of marijuana

Spain:
key European gateway country for Latin American cocaine and
North African hashish entering the European market; transshipment
point for and consumer of Southwest Asian heroin

Suriname:
transshipment point for South American drugs destined for
Europe and Brazil; transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing

Switzerland:
because of more stringent government regulations, used
significantly less as a money-laundering center; transit country for
and consumer of South American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin

Syria:
a transit point for opiates and hashish bound for regional
and Western markets

Tajikistan:
major transshipment zone for heroin and opiates from
Afghanistan going to Russia and Western Europe; limited illicit
cultivation of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption

Tanzania:
growing role in transshipment of Southwest and Southeast
Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for South African,
European, and US markets and of South Asian methaqualone bound for
Southern Africa

Thailand:
a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; illicit
transit point for heroin en route to the international drug market
from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of
cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring
countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication
efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in
amphetamine production for regional consumption; increasing
indigenous abuse of methamphetamine

Togo:
transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers

Trinidad and Tobago:
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis

Turkey:
key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western
Europe and - to a far lesser extent the US - via air, land, and sea
routes; major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking
organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert
imported morphine base into heroin are in remote regions of Turkey
as well as near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over
areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw
concentrate

Turkmenistan:
limited illicit cultivator of opium poppy, mostly for
domestic consumption; limited government eradication program;
increasingly used as transshipment point for illicit drugs from
Southwest Asia to Russia and Western Europe; also a transshipment
point for acetic anhydride destined for Afghanistan

Turks and Caicos Islands:
transshipment point for South American
narcotics destined for the US and Europe

Ukraine:
limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for
CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to West;
limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point
for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin America, and
Turkey, and to Europe and Russia; drug-related money laundering a
minor, but growing, problem

United Arab Emirates:
growing role as heroin transshipment and
money-laundering center due to its proximity to southwest Asian
producing countries and the bustling free trade zone in Dubai

United Kingdom:
gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering
the European market; major consumer of synthetic drugs, producer of
limited amounts of synthetic drugs and synthetic precursor
chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian heroin;
money-laundering center

United States:
consumer of cocaine shipped from Colombia through
Mexico and the Caribbean; consumer of heroin, marijuana, and
increasingly methamphetamine from Mexico; consumer of high-quality
Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana,
depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine;
money-laundering center

Uzbekistan:
limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and very small
amounts of opium poppy, mostly for domestic consumption, almost
entirely eradicated by an effective government eradication program;
increasingly used as transshipment point for illicit drugs from
Afghanistan to Russia and Western Europe and for acetic anhydride
destined for Afghanistan

Venezuela:
illicit producer of opium for the international drug
trade on a small scale; however, large quantities of cocaine,
heroin, and marijuana transit the country from Colombia bound for US
and Europe; important money-laundering center; active eradication
program primarily targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related
activities by Colombian insurgents on border

Vietnam:
minor producer of opium poppy with 2,100 hectares
cultivated in 1999, capable of producing 11 metric tons of opium;
probable minor transit point for Southeast Asian heroin;
opium/heroin/methamphetamine addiction problems

Yugoslavia:
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to
Western Europe on the Balkan route

Zambia:
transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone,
small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and
possibly Europe; regional money-laundering center

Zimbabwe:
significant transit point for African cannabis and South
Asian heroin, mandrax, and methamphetamines destined for the South
African and European markets

Taiwan:
transit point for heroin and methamphetamine; major problem
with domestic consumption of methamphetamine and heroin

======================================================================

@Imports

Afghanistan:
$150 million (1996 est.)

Albania:
$1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Algeria:
$9.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

American Samoa:
$471 million (1996)

Andorra:
$1.077 billion (c.i.f., 1998)

Angola:
$2.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Anguilla:
$57.6 million (1998)

Antigua and Barbuda:
$330 million (1998)

Argentina:
$25.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Armenia:
$913 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Aruba:
$2.5 billion (2000 est.)

Australia:
$77 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Austria:
$65.6 billion (2000 est.)

Azerbaijan:
$1.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Bahamas, The:
$1.73 billion (2000 est.)

Bahrain:
$4.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Bangladesh:
$8.1 billion (2000)

Barbados:
$800.3 million (2000 est.)

Belarus:
$8.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Belgium:
$166 billion (c.i.f., 2000)

Belize:
$413 million (c.i.f., 2000 est.)

Benin:
$566 million (c.i.f., 1999)

Bermuda:
$739 million (2000 est.)

Bhutan:
$269 million (c.i.f., 2000 est.)

Bolivia:
$1.86 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
$2.45 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Botswana:
$2.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Brazil:
$55.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

British Virgin Islands:
$220 million (2000 est.)

Brunei:
$1.3 billion (c.i.f., 1999 est.)

Bulgaria:
$5.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Burkina Faso:
$610 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Burma:
$2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1999)

Burundi:
$110 million (f.o.b., 2000)

Cambodia:
$1.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Cameroon:
$1.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Canada:
$238.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Cape Verde:
$250 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Cayman Islands:
$507.6 million (1998)

Central African Republic:
$154 million (f.o.b., 2000)

Chad:
$223 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Chile:
$17 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

China:
$197 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Christmas Island:
$NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
$NA

Colombia:
$12.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Comoros:
$55.1 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
$660 million (c.i.f., 2000 est.)

Congo, Republic of the:
$870 million (f.o.b., 2000)

Cook Islands:
$85 million (c.i.f., 1994)

Costa Rica:
$5.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire:
$2.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Croatia:
$7.8 billion (c.i.f., 1999)

Cuba:
$3.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Cyprus:
Greek Cypriot area: $3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.);
Turkish Cypriot area: $402 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Czech Republic:
$31.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Denmark:
$43.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Djibouti:
$440 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

Dominica:
$126 million (2000 est.)

Dominican Republic:
$9.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Ecuador:
$3.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Egypt:
$17 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

El Salvador:
$4.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Equatorial Guinea:
$300 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Eritrea:
$560 million (c.i.f., 1999)

Estonia:
$4 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Ethiopia:
$1.25 billion (f.o.b., 1999)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
$24.7 million (1995)

Faroe Islands:
$469 million (c.i.f., 1999)

Fiji:
$653 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Finland:
$32.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

France:
$320 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

French Guiana:
$625 million (c.i.f., 1997)

French Polynesia:
$749 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Gabon:
$1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Gambia, The:
$202.5 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Gaza Strip:
$2.5 billion (c.i.f., 1998 est.) (includes West Bank)

Georgia:
$898 million (2000 est.)

Germany:
$505 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Ghana:
$2.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Gibraltar:
$492 million (c.i.f., 1997)

Greece:
$33.9 billion (c.i.f., 2000)

Greenland:
$400 million (c.i.f., 1999)

Grenada:
$217.5 million (2000 est.)

Guadeloupe:
$1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1997)

Guam:
$203 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

Guatemala:
$4.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Guernsey:
$NA

Guinea:
$634 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Guinea-Bissau:
$55.2 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Guyana:
$660 million (c.i.f., 2000 est.)

Haiti:
$1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1999)

Honduras:
$2.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Hong Kong:
$215 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Hungary:
$27.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Iceland:
$2.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

India:
$60.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Indonesia:
$40.4 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.)

Iran:
$15 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Iraq:
$13.8 billion (2000 est.)

Ireland:
$45.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Israel:
$35.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Italy:
$231.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Jamaica:
$3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Japan:
$355 billion (c.i.f., 2000)

Jersey:
$NA

Jordan:
$4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Kazakhstan:
$6.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Kenya:
$3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Kiribati:
$44 million (c.i.f., 1999)

Korea, North:
$960 million (c.i.f., 1999 est.)

Korea, South:
$160.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Kuwait:
$7.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Kyrgyzstan:
$579 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Laos:
$540 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Latvia:
$3.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Lebanon:
$6.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Lesotho:
$700 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Liberia:
$170 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Libya:
$7.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Liechtenstein:
$917.3 million (1996)

Lithuania:
$4.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Luxembourg:
$10 billion (c.i.f., 2000)

Macau:
$2.4 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
$2 billion (f.o.b., 2000
est.)

Madagascar:
$693 million (f.o.b., 1998)

Malawi:
$435 million (f.o.b., 2000)

Malaysia:
$82.6 billion (2000 est.)

Maldives:
$372 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Mali:
$575 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Malta:
$2.6 billion (f.o.b., 1999)

Man, Isle of:
$NA

Marshall Islands:
$58 million (f.o.b., 1997 est.)

Martinique:
$2 billion (c.i.f., 1997)

Mauritania:
$305 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Mauritius:
$2.3 billion (f.o.b., 1999)

Mayotte:
$141.3 million (f.o.b., 1997)

Mexico:
$176 billion (f.o.b., 2000), includes in-bond industries
(assembly plant operations)

Micronesia, Federated States of:
$168 million (c.i.f., 1996 est.)

Moldova:
$761 million (f.o.b., 2000)

Monaco:
$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects
and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market
system through customs union with France

Mongolia:
$510.7 million (c.i.f., 1999)

Montserrat:
$26 million (1998)

Morocco:
$12.2 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

Mozambique:
$1.4 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.)

Namibia:
$1.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Nauru:
$21.1 million (c.i.f., 1991)

Nepal:
$1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1998)

Netherlands:
$201.2 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.)

Netherlands Antilles:
$1.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

New Caledonia:
$843 million (f.o.b., 1999)

New Zealand:
$14.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Nicaragua:
$1.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Niger:
$317 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Nigeria:
$10.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Niue:
$4.1 million (c.i.f., 1989)

Norfolk Island:
$17.9 million (c.i.f., FY91/92)

Northern Mariana Islands:
$NA

Norway:
$35.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Oman:
$4.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Pakistan:
$9.6 billion (f.o.b., FY99/00)

Palau:
$126 million (f.o.b., FY99/00)

Panama:
$6.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Papua New Guinea:
$1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Paraguay:
$3.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Peru:
$7.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Philippines:
$35 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Pitcairn Islands:
$NA

Poland:
$42.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Portugal:
$41 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Puerto Rico:
$27 billion (c.i.f., 2000)

Qatar:
$3.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Reunion:
$2.5 billion (c.i.f., 1997)

Romania:
$11.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Russia:
$44.2 billion (2000 est.)

Rwanda:
$245.9 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Saint Helena:
$14.434 million (c.i.f., 1995)

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
$151.5 million (2000 est.)

Saint Lucia:
$319.4 million (2000 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
$55 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
$185.6 million (2000 est.)

Samoa:
$90 million (f.o.b., 2000)

San Marino:
trade data are included with the statistics for Italy

Sao Tome and Principe:
$40 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Saudi Arabia:
$30.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Senegal:
$1.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Seychelles:
$440 million (c.i.f., 1999)

Sierra Leone:
$145 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Singapore:
$127 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Slovakia:
$12.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Slovenia:
$9.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Solomon Islands:
$152 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

Somalia:
$314 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

South Africa:
$27.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Spain:
$153.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Sri Lanka:
$6.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Sudan:
$1.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Suriname:
$525 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Svalbard:
$NA

Swaziland:
$928 million (f.o.b., 2000)

Sweden:
$80 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Switzerland:
$91.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Syria:
$3.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Tajikistan:
$782 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Tanzania:
$1.57 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Thailand:
$61.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Togo:
$452 million (f.o.b., 2000)

Tokelau:
$323,400 (c.i.f., 1983)

Tonga:
$69 million (f.o.b., 1998)

Trinidad and Tobago:
$3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Tunisia:
$8.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Turkey:
$55.7 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.)

Turkmenistan:
$1.65 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands:
$46.6 million (1993)

Tuvalu:
$4.4 million (c.i.f., 1989)

Uganda:
$1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1999)

Ukraine:
$15 billion (2000 est.)

United Arab Emirates:
$34 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

United Kingdom:
$324 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

United States:
$1.223 trillion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Uruguay:
$3.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Uzbekistan:
$2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Vanuatu:
$77.2 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Venezuela:
$14.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Vietnam:
$15.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Virgin Islands:
$NA

Wallis and Futuna:
$300,000 (f.o.b., 1999)

West Bank:
$2.5 billion (includes Gaza Strip) (c.i.f., 1998 est.)

Western Sahara:
$NA

World:
$6 trillion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Yemen:
$2.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Yugoslavia:
$3.3 billion (1999)

Zambia:
$1.05 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Zimbabwe:
$1.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Taiwan:
$140.01 billion (c.i.f., 2000)

======================================================================

@Imports - commodities

Afghanistan:
capital goods, food and petroleum products; most
consumer goods

Albania:
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, chemicals

Algeria:
capital goods, food and beverages, consumer goods

American Samoa:
materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum
products 7%, machinery and parts 6%

Andorra:
consumer goods, food, electricity

Angola:
machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare
parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods

Anguilla:
NA

Antigua and Barbuda:
food and live animals, machinery and transport
equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil

Argentina:
machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal
manufactures, plastics

Armenia:
natural gas, petroleum, tobacco products, foodstuffs,
diamonds

Aruba:
machinery and electrical equipment, crude oil for refining
and reexport, chemicals; foodstuffs

Australia:
machinery and transport equipment, computers and office
machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and
petroleum products

Austria:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, metal goods, oil and
oil products; foodstuffs

Azerbaijan:
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, metals, chemicals

Bahamas, The:
foodstuffs, manufactured goods, crude oil, vehicles,
electronics

Bahrain:
nonoil 59%, crude oil 41%

Bangladesh:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel,
textiles, raw cotton, food, crude oil and petroleum products, cement

Barbados:
consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction
materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components

Belarus:
mineral products, machinery and equipment, metals,
chemicals, foodstuffs

Belgium:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals and metal
products

Belize:
machinery and transportation equipment, manufactured goods;
food, beverages, tobacco; fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals

Benin:
foodstuffs, tobacco, petroleum products, capital goods

Bermuda:
machinery and transport equipment, construction materials,
chemicals, food and live animals

Bhutan:
fuel and lubricants, grain, machinery and parts, vehicles,
fabrics, rice

Bolivia:
capital goods, raw materials and semi-manufactures,
chemicals, petroleum, food

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
NA

Botswana:
foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, textiles,
petroleum products

Brazil:
machinery and equipment, chemical products, oil, electricity

British Virgin Islands:
building materials, automobiles, foodstuffs,
machinery

Brunei:
machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food,
chemicals

Bulgaria:
fuels, minerals, and raw materials; machinery and
equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; food, textiles

Burkina Faso:
machinery, food products, petroleum

Burma:
machinery, transport equipment, construction materials, food
products

Burundi:
capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs

Cambodia:
cigarettes, gold, construction materials, petroleum
products, machinery, motor vehicles

Cameroon:
machines and electrical equipment, transport equipment,
fuel, food

Canada:
machinery and equipment, crude oil, chemicals, motor
vehicles and parts, durable consumer goods, electricity

Cape Verde:
foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment,
fuels

Cayman Islands:
foodstuffs, manufactured goods

Central African Republic:
food, textiles, petroleum products,
machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals,
pharmaceuticals, consumer goods, industrial products

Chad:
machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods,
petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles

Chile:
consumer goods, chemicals, motor vehicles, fuels, electrical
machinery, heavy industrial machinery, food

China:
machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, plastics, iron and
steel, chemicals

Christmas Island:
consumer goods

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
foodstuffs

Colombia:
industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer
goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity

Comoros:
rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods; petroleum
products, cement, transport equipment

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
foodstuffs, mining and other
machinery, transport equipment, fuels

Congo, Republic of the:
petroleum products, capital equipment,
construction materials, foodstuffs

Cook Islands:
foodstuffs, textiles, fuels, timber, capital goods

Costa Rica:
raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment,
petroleum

Cote d'Ivoire:
food, consumer goods; capital goods, fuel, transport
equipment

Croatia:
machinery, transport and electrical equipment, chemicals,
fuels and lubricants, foodstuffs

Cuba:
petroleum, food, machinery, chemicals, semifinished goods,
transport equipment, consumer goods

Cyprus:
Greek Cypriot area: consumer goods, petroleum and
lubricants, food and feed grains, machinery; Turkish Cypriot area:
food, minerals, chemicals, machinery

Czech Republic:
machinery and transport equipment 42%, other
manufactured goods 33%, chemicals 12%, raw materials and fuels 10%
(1999)

Denmark:
machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures
for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods

Djibouti:
foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals,
petroleum products

Dominica:
manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food,
chemicals

Dominican Republic:
foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fabrics,
chemicals and pharmaceuticals

Ecuador:
machinery and equipment, raw materials, fuels; consumer
goods

Egypt:
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood
products, fuels

El Salvador:
raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels,
foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity

Equatorial Guinea:
manufactured goods and equipment

Eritrea:
machinery, petroleum products, food, manufactured goods

Estonia:
machinery and equipment 31%, chemical products 13%,
foodstuffs 11%, metal products 8%, textiles 8% (1999)

Ethiopia:
food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products,
chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
fuel, food and drink, building
materials, clothing

Faroe Islands:
machinery and transport equipment 29%, consumer goods
36%, raw materials and semi-manufactures 32%, fuels, fish and salt
(1999)

Fiji:
manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment,
petroleum products, food, chemicals

Finland:
foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals,
transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and
fabrics, grains

France:
machinery and equipment, vehicles, crude oil, aircraft,
plastics, chemicals

French Guiana:
food (grains, processed meat), machinery and
transport equipment, fuels and chemicals

French Polynesia:
fuels, foodstuffs, equipment

Gabon:
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, petroleum
products, construction materials

Gambia, The:
foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel, machinery and transport
equipment

Gaza Strip:
food, consumer goods, construction materials

Georgia:
fuel, grain and other foods, machinery and parts, transport
equipment

Germany:
machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals

Ghana:
capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs

Gibraltar:
fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs

Greece:
manufactured goods, foodstuffs, fuels, chemicals

Greenland:
machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods,
food, petroleum products

Grenada:
food, manufactured goods, machinery, chemicals, fuel (1989)

Guadeloupe:
foodstuffs, fuels, vehicles, clothing and other consumer
goods, construction materials

Guam:
petroleum and petroleum products, food, manufactured goods

Guatemala:
fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction
materials, grain, fertilizers, electricity

Guernsey:
coal, gasoline, oil, machinery and equipment

Guinea:
petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment,
textiles, grain and other foodstuffs

Guinea-Bissau:
foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment,
petroleum products (1996)

Guyana:
manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food

Haiti:
food, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials

Honduras:
machinery and transport equipment, industrial raw
materials, chemical products, fuels, foodstuffs

Hong Kong:
foodstuffs, transport equipment, raw materials,
semimanufactures, petroleum; a large share is reexported

Hungary:
machinery and equipment 51.1%, other manufactures 35.9%,
fuels and electricity 8.1%, food products 2.8%, raw materials 2.1%
(2000)

Iceland:
machinery and equipment, petroleum products; foodstuffs,
textiles

India:
crude oil, machinery, gems, fertilizer, chemicals

Indonesia:
machinery and equipment; chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs

Iran:
industrial raw materials and intermediate goods, capital
goods, foodstuffs and other consumer goods, technical services,
military supplies

Iraq:
food, medicine, manufactures

Ireland:
data processing equipment, other machinery and equipment,
chemicals; petroleum and petroleum products, textiles, clothing

Israel:
raw materials, military equipment, investment goods, rough
diamonds, fuels, consumer goods

Italy:
engineering products, chemicals, transport equipment, energy
products, minerals and nonferrous metals, textiles and clothing;
food, beverages and tobacco

Jamaica:
machinery and transport equipment, construction materials,
fuel, food, chemicals, fertilizers

Japan:
fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, office machinery

Jersey:
machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods,
foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals

Jordan:
crude oil, machinery, transport equipment, food, live
animals, manufactured goods

Kazakhstan:
machinery and parts, industrial materials, oil and gas,
vehicles

Kenya:
machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products,
iron and steel

Kiribati:
foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous
manufactured goods, fuel

Korea, North:
petroleum, coking coal, machinery and equipment;
consumer goods, grain

Korea, South:
machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil,
steel, transport equipment, textiles, organic chemicals, grains

Kuwait:
food, construction materials, vehicles and parts, clothing

Kyrgyzstan:
oil and gas, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs

Laos:
machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel

Latvia:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels

Lebanon:
foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, consumer
goods, chemicals, textiles, metals, fuels, agricultural foods

Lesotho:
food; building materials, vehicles, machinery, medicines,
petroleum products (1995)

Liberia:
fuels, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment,
manufactured goods; rice and other foodstuffs

Libya:
machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods

Liechtenstein:
machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor
vehicles

Lithuania:
machinery and equipment 18%, mineral products 16%,
chemicals 10%, textiles and clothing 10%, transport equipment 7%
(1999)

Luxembourg:
minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods

Macau:
raw materials, foodstuffs, capital goods, fuels, consumer
goods

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
machinery and equipment,
chemicals, fuels; food products

Madagascar:
intermediate manufactures, capital goods, petroleum,
consumer goods, food

Malawi:
food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods,
transportation equipment

Malaysia:
machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food, fuel
and lubricants

Maldives:
consumer goods, intermediate and capital goods, petroleum
products

Mali:
machinery and equipment, construction materials, petroleum,
foodstuffs, textiles

Malta:
machinery and transport equipment, manufactured and
semi-manufactured goods; food, drink, and tobacco

Man, Isle of:
timber, fertilizers, fish

Marshall Islands:
foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels,
beverages and tobacco

Martinique:
petroleum products, crude oil, foodstuffs, construction
materials, vehicles, clothing and other consumer goods

Mauritania:
machinery and equipment, petroleum products, capital
goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods

Mauritius:
manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs,
petroleum products, chemicals (1996)

Mayotte:
food, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment,
metals, chemicals

Mexico:
metal-working machines, steel mill products, agricultural
machinery, electrical equipment, car parts for assembly, repair
parts for motor vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft parts

Micronesia, Federated States of:
food, manufactured goods, machinery
and equipment, beverages

Moldova:
mineral products and fuel 38%, machinery and equipment,
chemicals, textiles (1999)

Mongolia:
machinery and equipment, fuels, food products, industrial
consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea

Montserrat:
machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs,
manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materials

Morocco:
semiprocessed goods, machinery and equipment, food and
beverages, consumer goods, fuel

Mozambique:
machinery and equipment, mineral products, chemicals,
metals, foodstuffs, textiles (2000)

Namibia:
foodstuffs; petroleum products and fuel, machinery and
equipment, chemicals

Nauru:
food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery

Nepal:
gold, machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer

Netherlands:
machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, fuels;
foodstuffs, clothing

Netherlands Antilles:
crude petroleum, food, manufactures