Chapter M: Major infectious diseases (129)

Latvia
Independence Day, 18 November (1918); note - 18 November 1918
was the date Latvia declared itself independent from Soviet Russia;
4 May 1990 is when it declared the renewal of independence; 21
August 1991 was the date of de facto independence from the Soviet
Union

Lebanon
Independence Day, 22 November (1943)

Lesotho
Independence Day, 4 October (1966)

Liberia
Independence Day, 26 July (1847)

Libya
Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)

Liechtenstein
Assumption Day, 15 August

Lithuania
Independence Day, 16 February (1918); note - 16 February
1918 was the date Lithuania declared its independence from Soviet
Russia and established its statehood; 11 March 1990 was the date it
declared its independence from the Soviet Union

Luxembourg
National Day (Birthday of Grand Duchess Charlotte) 23
June; note - the actual date of birth was 23 January 1896, but the
festivities were shifted by five months to allow observance during a
more favorable time of year

Macau
National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's
Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is
celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day

Macedonia
Independence Day, 8 September (1991); also known as
National Day

Madagascar
Independence Day, 26 June (1960)

Malawi
Independence Day (Republic Day), 6 July (1964)

Malaysia
Independence Day/Malaysia Day, 31 August (1957)

Maldives
Independence Day, 26 July (1965)

Mali
Independence Day, 22 September (1960)

Malta
Independence Day, 21 September (1964); Republic Day, 13
December (1974)

Marshall Islands
Constitution Day, 1 May (1979)

Mauritania
Independence Day, 28 November (1960)

Mauritius
Independence Day, 12 March (1968)

Mayotte
Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)

Mexico
Independence Day, 16 September (1810)

Micronesia, Federated States of
Constitution Day, 10 May (1979)

Moldova
Independence Day, 27 August (1991)

Monaco
National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857)

Mongolia
Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11 July (1921)

Montenegro
National Day, 13 July (1878)

Montserrat
Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June
(1926)

Morocco
Throne Day (accession of King MOHAMMED VI to the throne), 30
July (1999)

Mozambique
Independence Day, 25 June (1975)

Namibia
Independence Day, 21 March (1990)

Nauru
Independence Day, 31 January (1968)

Nepal
Republic Day, 29 May; Democracy Day, 24 April

Netherlands
Queen's Day (Birthday of deceased Queen-Mother JULIANA
and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX), 30
April (1909 and 1980)

New Caledonia
Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)

New Zealand
Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British
sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840); ANZAC Day
(commemorated as the anniversary of the landing of troops of the
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during World War I at
Gallipoli, Turkey), 25 April (1915)

Nicaragua
Independence Day, 15 September (1821)

Niger
Republic Day, 18 December (1958); note - commemorates the
founding of the Republic of Niger which predated independence from
France in 1960

Nigeria
Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)

Niue
Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British
sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)

Norfolk Island
Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn
Islanders), 8 June (1856)

Northern Mariana Islands
Commonwealth Day, 8 January (1978)

Norway
Constitution Day, 17 May (1814)

Oman
Birthday of Sultan QABOOS, 18 November (1940)

Pakistan
Republic Day, 23 March (1956)

Palau
Constitution Day, 9 July (1979)

Panama
Independence Day, 3 November (1903)

Papua New Guinea
Independence Day, 16 September (1975)

Paraguay
Independence Day, 14 May 1811 (observed 15 May)

Peru
Independence Day, 28 July (1821)

Philippines
Independence Day, 12 June (1898); note - 12 June 1898
was date of declaration of independence from Spain; 4 July 1946 was
date of independence from US

Pitcairn Islands
Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in
June (1926)

Poland
Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)

Portugal
Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also
called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis de Camoes
(1524-80) died

Puerto Rico
US Independence Day, 4 July (1776); Puerto Rico
Constitution Day, 25 July (1952)

Qatar
Independence Day, 3 September (1971); also observed is
National Day, 18 December (anniversary of Al Thani family accession
to the throne)

Romania
Unification Day (of Romania and Transylvania), 1 December
(1918)

Russia
Russia Day, 12 June (1990)

Rwanda
Independence Day, 1 July (1962)

Saint Barthelemy
Bastille Day, 14 July (1789); note - local holiday
is St. Barthelemy Day, 24 August

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
Birthday of Queen
ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Independence Day, 19 September (1983)

Saint Lucia
Independence Day, 22 February (1979)

Saint Martin
Bastille Day, 14 July (1789); note - local holiday is
Schoalcher Day (Slavery Abolition Day) 12 July (1848)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Independence Day, 27 October (1979)

Samoa
Independence Day Celebration, 1 June (1962); note - 1 January
1962 is the date of independence from the New Zealand-administered
UN trusteeship; it is observed in June

San Marino
Founding of the Republic, 3 September (AD 301)

Sao Tome and Principe
Independence Day, 12 July (1975)

Saudi Arabia
Unification of the Kingdom, 23 September (1932)

Senegal
Independence Day, 4 April (1960)

Serbia
National Day, 15 February

Seychelles
Constitution Day (National Day), 18 June (1993)

Sierra Leone
Independence Day, 27 April (1961)

Singapore
National Day, 9 August (1965)

Sint Maarten
Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA and
accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX), 30 April
(1909 and 1980)

Slovakia
Constitution Day, 1 September (1992)

Slovenia
Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)

Solomon Islands
Independence Day, 7 July (1978)

Somalia
Foundation of the Somali Republic, 1 July (1960); note - 26
June (1960) in Somaliland

South Africa
Freedom Day, 27 April (1994)

Spain
National Day, 12 October (1492); year when Columbus first set
foot in the Americas

Sri Lanka
Independence Day, 4 February (1948)

Sudan
Independence Day, 1 January (1956)

Suriname
Independence Day, 25 November (1975)

Swaziland
Independence Day, 6 September (1968)

Sweden
Swedish Flag Day, 6 June (1916); National Day, 6 June (1983)

Switzerland
Founding of the Swiss Confederation, 1 August (1291)

Syria
Independence Day, 17 April (1946)

Taiwan
Republic Day (Anniversary of the Chinese Revolution), 10
October (1911)

Tajikistan
Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991)

Tanzania
Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)

Thailand
Birthday of King PHUMIPHON (BHUMIBOL), 5 December (1927)

Timor-Leste
Independence Day, 28 November (1975)

Togo
Independence Day, 27 April (1960)

Tokelau
Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British
sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)

Tonga
Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970)

Trinidad and Tobago
Independence Day, 31 August (1962)

Tunisia
Independence Day, 20 March (1956); also the anniversary of
BEN ALI's assumption of the presidency, 7 November (1987)

Turkey
Republic Day, 29 October (1923)

Turkmenistan
Independence Day, 27 October (1991)

Turks and Caicos Islands
Constitution Day, 30 August (1976)

Tuvalu
Independence Day, 1 October (1978)

Uganda
Independence Day, 9 October (1962)

Ukraine
Independence Day, 24 August (1991); note - 22 January 1918,
the day Ukraine first declared its independence (from Soviet Russia)
and the day the short-lived Western and Greater (Eastern) Ukrainian
republics united (1919), is now celebrated as Unity Day

United Arab Emirates
Independence Day, 2 December (1971)

United Kingdom
the UK does not celebrate one particular national
holiday

United States
Independence Day, 4 July (1776)

Uruguay
Independence Day, 25 August (1825)

Uzbekistan
Independence Day, 1 September (1991)

Vanuatu
Independence Day, 30 July (1980)

Venezuela
Independence Day, 5 July (1811)

Vietnam
Independence Day, 2 September (1945)

Virgin Islands
Transfer Day (from Denmark to the US), 31 March (1917)

Wallis and Futuna
Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)

Yemen
Unification Day, 22 May (1990)

Zambia
Independence Day, 24 October (1964)

Zimbabwe
Independence Day, 18 April (1980)

======================================================================

@2110

Field Listing :: Nationality

This entry provides the identifying terms for citizens - noun and
adjective.
Country

Nationality

Afghanistan
noun: Afghan(s)
adjective: Afghan

Albania
noun: Albanian(s)
adjective: Albanian

Algeria
noun: Algerian(s)
adjective: Algerian

American Samoa
noun: American Samoan(s) (US nationals)
adjective: American Samoan

Andorra
noun: Andorran(s)
adjective: Andorran

Angola
noun: Angolan(s)
adjective: Angolan

Anguilla
noun: Anguillan(s)
adjective: Anguillan

Antigua and Barbuda
noun: Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s)
adjective: Antiguan, Barbudan

Argentina
noun: Argentine(s)
adjective: Argentine

Armenia
noun: Armenian(s)
adjective: Armenian

Aruba
noun: Aruban(s)
adjective: Aruban; Dutch

Australia
noun: Australian(s)
adjective: Australian

Austria
noun: Austrian(s)
adjective: Austrian

Azerbaijan
noun: Azerbaijani(s)
adjective: Azerbaijani

Bahamas, The
noun: Bahamian(s)
adjective: Bahamian

Bahrain
noun: Bahraini(s)
adjective: Bahraini

Bangladesh
noun: Bangladeshi(s)
adjective: Bangladeshi

Barbados
noun: Barbadian(s) or Bajan (colloquial)
adjective: Barbadian or Bajan (colloquial)

Belarus
noun: Belarusian(s)
adjective: Belarusian

Belgium
noun: Belgian(s)
adjective: Belgian

Belize
noun: Belizean(s)
adjective: Belizean

Benin
noun: Beninese (singular and plural)
adjective: Beninese

Bermuda
noun: Bermudian(s)
adjective: Bermudian

Bhutan
noun: Bhutanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Bhutanese

Bolivia
noun: Bolivian(s)
adjective: Bolivian

Bosnia and Herzegovina
noun: Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s)
adjective: Bosnian, Herzegovinian

Botswana
noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)

Brazil
noun: Brazilian(s)
adjective: Brazilian

British Virgin Islands
noun: British Virgin Islander(s)
adjective: British Virgin Islander

Brunei
noun: Bruneian(s)
adjective: Bruneian

Bulgaria
noun: Bulgarian(s)
adjective: Bulgarian

Burkina Faso
noun: Burkinabe (singular and plural)
adjective: Burkinabe

Burma
noun: Burmese (singular and plural)
adjective: Burmese

Burundi
noun: Burundian(s)
adjective: Burundian

Cambodia
noun: Cambodian(s)
adjective: Cambodian

Cameroon
noun: Cameroonian(s)
adjective: Cameroonian

Canada
noun: Canadian(s)
adjective: Canadian

Cape Verde
noun: Cape Verdean(s)
adjective: Cape Verdean

Cayman Islands
noun: Caymanian(s)
adjective: Caymanian

Central African Republic
noun: Central African(s)
adjective: Central African

Chad
noun: Chadian(s)
adjective: Chadian

Chile
noun: Chilean(s)
adjective: Chilean

China
noun: Chinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Chinese

Christmas Island
noun: Christmas Islander(s)
adjective: Christmas Island

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
noun: Cocos Islander(s)
adjective: Cocos Islander

Colombia
noun: Colombian(s)
adjective: Colombian

Comoros
noun: Comoran(s)
adjective: Comoran

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
noun: Congolese (singular and
plural)
adjective: Congolese or Congo

Congo, Republic of the
noun: Congolese (singular and plural)
adjective: Congolese or Congo

Cook Islands
noun: Cook Islander(s)
adjective: Cook Islander

Costa Rica
noun: Costa Rican(s)
adjective: Costa Rican

Cote d'Ivoire
noun: Ivoirian(s)
adjective: Ivoirian

Croatia
noun: Croat(s), Croatian(s)
adjective: Croatian

Cuba
noun: Cuban(s)
adjective: Cuban

Cyprus
noun: Cypriot(s)
adjective: Cypriot

Czech Republic
noun: Czech(s)
adjective: Czech

Denmark
noun: Dane(s)
adjective: Danish

Djibouti
noun: Djiboutian(s)
adjective: Djiboutian

Dominica
noun: Dominican(s)
adjective: Dominican

Dominican Republic
noun: Dominican(s)
adjective: Dominican

Ecuador
noun: Ecuadorian(s)
adjective: Ecuadorian

Egypt
noun: Egyptian(s)
adjective: Egyptian

El Salvador
noun: Salvadoran(s)
adjective: Salvadoran

Equatorial Guinea
noun: Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s)
adjective: Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean

Eritrea
noun: Eritrean(s)
adjective: Eritrean

Estonia
noun: Estonian(s)
adjective: Estonian

Ethiopia
noun: Ethiopian(s)
adjective: Ethiopian

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
noun: Falkland Islander(s)
adjective: Falkland Island

Faroe Islands
noun: Faroese (singular and plural)
adjective: Faroese

Fiji
noun: Fijian(s)
adjective: Fijian

Finland
noun: Finn(s)
adjective: Finnish

France
noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)
adjective: French

French Polynesia
noun: French Polynesian(s)
adjective: French Polynesian

Gabon
noun: Gabonese (singular and plural)
adjective: Gabonese

Gambia, The
noun: Gambian(s)
adjective: Gambian

Gaza Strip
noun: NA
adjective: NA

Georgia
noun: Georgian(s)
adjective: Georgian

Germany
noun: German(s)
adjective: German

Ghana
noun: Ghanaian(s)
adjective: Ghanaian

Gibraltar
noun: Gibraltarian(s)
adjective: Gibraltar

Greece
noun: Greek(s)
adjective: Greek

Greenland
noun: Greenlander(s)
adjective: Greenlandic

Grenada
noun: Grenadian(s)
adjective: Grenadian

Guam
noun: Guamanian(s) (US citizens)
adjective: Guamanian

Guatemala
noun: Guatemalan(s)
adjective: Guatemalan

Guernsey
noun: Channel Islander(s)
adjective: Channel Islander

Guinea
noun: Guinean(s)
adjective: Guinean

Guinea-Bissau
noun: Guinean(s)
adjective: Guinean

Guyana
noun: Guyanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Guyanese

Haiti
noun: Haitian(s)
adjective: Haitian

Holy See (Vatican City)
noun: none
adjective: none

Honduras
noun: Honduran(s)
adjective: Honduran

Hong Kong
noun: Chinese/Hong Konger
adjective: Chinese/Hong Kong

Hungary
noun: Hungarian(s)
adjective: Hungarian

Iceland
noun: Icelander(s)
adjective: Icelandic

India
noun: Indian(s)
adjective: Indian

Indonesia
noun: Indonesian(s)
adjective: Indonesian

Iran
noun: Iranian(s)
adjective: Iranian

Iraq
noun: Iraqi(s)
adjective: Iraqi

Ireland
noun: Irishman(men), Irishwoman(women), Irish (collective
plural)
adjective: Irish

Isle of Man
noun: Manxman (men), Manxwoman (women)
adjective: Manx

Israel
noun: Israeli(s)
adjective: Israeli

Italy
noun: Italian(s)
adjective: Italian

Jamaica
noun: Jamaican(s)
adjective: Jamaican

Japan
noun: Japanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Japanese

Jersey
noun: Channel Islander(s)
adjective: Channel Islander

Jordan
noun: Jordanian(s)
adjective: Jordanian

Kazakhstan
noun: Kazakhstani(s)
adjective: Kazakhstani

Kenya
noun: Kenyan(s)
adjective: Kenyan

Kiribati
noun: I-Kiribati (singular and plural)
adjective: I-Kiribati

Korea, North
noun: Korean(s)
adjective: Korean

Korea, South
noun: Korean(s)
adjective: Korean

Kosovo
noun: Kosovar (Albanian), Kosovac (Serbian)
adjective: Kosovar (Albanian), Kosovski (Serbian)
note: Kosovan, a neutral term, is sometimes also used as a noun or
adjective

Kuwait
noun: Kuwaiti(s)
adjective: Kuwaiti

Kyrgyzstan
noun: Kyrgyzstani(s)
adjective: Kyrgyzstani

Laos
noun: Lao(s) or Laotian(s)
adjective: Lao or Laotian

Latvia
noun: Latvian(s)
adjective: Latvian

Lebanon
noun: Lebanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Lebanese

Lesotho
noun: Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural)
adjective: Basotho

Liberia
noun: Liberian(s)
adjective: Liberian

Libya
noun: Libyan(s)
adjective: Libyan

Liechtenstein
noun: Liechtensteiner(s)
adjective: Liechtenstein

Lithuania
noun: Lithuanian(s)
adjective: Lithuanian

Luxembourg
noun: Luxembourger(s)
adjective: Luxembourg

Macau
noun: Chinese
adjective: Chinese

Macedonia
noun: Macedonian(s)
adjective: Macedonian

Madagascar
noun: Malagasy (singular and plural)
adjective: Malagasy

Malawi
noun: Malawian(s)
adjective: Malawian

Malaysia
noun: Malaysian(s)
adjective: Malaysian

Maldives
noun: Maldivian(s)
adjective: Maldivian

Mali
noun: Malian(s)
adjective: Malian

Malta
noun: Maltese (singular and plural)
adjective: Maltese

Marshall Islands
noun: Marshallese (singular and plural)
adjective: Marshallese

Mauritania
noun: Mauritanian(s)
adjective: Mauritanian

Mauritius
noun: Mauritian(s)
adjective: Mauritian

Mayotte
noun: Mahorais (singular and plural)
adjective: Mahoran

Mexico
noun: Mexican(s)
adjective: Mexican

Micronesia, Federated States of
noun: Micronesian(s)
adjective: Micronesian; Chuukese, Kosraen(s), Pohnpeian(s), Yapese

Moldova
noun: Moldovan(s)
adjective: Moldovan

Monaco
noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan

Mongolia
noun: Mongolian(s)
adjective: Mongolian

Montenegro
noun: Montenegrin(s)
adjective: Montenegrin

Montserrat
noun: Montserratian(s)
adjective: Montserratian

Morocco
noun: Moroccan(s)
adjective: Moroccan

Mozambique
noun: Mozambican(s)
adjective: Mozambican

Namibia
noun: Namibian(s)
adjective: Namibian

Nauru
noun: Nauruan(s)
adjective: Nauruan

Nepal
noun: Nepalese (singular and plural)
adjective: Nepalese

Netherlands
noun: Dutchman(men), Dutchwoman(women)
adjective: Dutch

New Caledonia
noun: New Caledonian(s)
adjective: New Caledonian

New Zealand
noun: New Zealander(s)
adjective: New Zealand

Nicaragua
noun: Nicaraguan(s)
adjective: Nicaraguan

Niger
noun: Nigerien(s)
adjective: Nigerien

Nigeria
noun: Nigerian(s)
adjective: Nigerian

Niue
noun: Niuean(s)
adjective: Niuean

Norfolk Island
noun: Norfolk Islander(s)
adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)

Northern Mariana Islands
noun: NA (US citizens)
adjective: NA

Norway
noun: Norwegian(s)
adjective: Norwegian

Oman
noun: Omani(s)
adjective: Omani

Pakistan
noun: Pakistani(s)
adjective: Pakistani

Palau
noun: Palauan(s)
adjective: Palauan

Panama
noun: Panamanian(s)
adjective: Panamanian

Papua New Guinea
noun: Papua New Guinean(s)
adjective: Papua New Guinean

Paraguay
noun: Paraguayan(s)
adjective: Paraguayan

Peru
noun: Peruvian(s)
adjective: Peruvian

Philippines
noun: Filipino(s)
adjective: Philippine

Pitcairn Islands
noun: Pitcairn Islander(s)
adjective: Pitcairn Islander

Poland
noun: Pole(s)
adjective: Polish

Portugal
noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)
adjective: Portuguese

Puerto Rico
noun: Puerto Rican(s) (US citizens)
adjective: Puerto Rican

Qatar
noun: Qatari(s)
adjective: Qatari

Romania
noun: Romanian(s)
adjective: Romanian

Russia
noun: Russian(s)
adjective: Russian

Rwanda
noun: Rwandan(s)
adjective: Rwandan

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
noun: Saint Helenian(s)
adjective: Saint Helenian
note: referred to locally as "Saints"

Saint Kitts and Nevis
noun: Kittitian(s), Nevisian(s)
adjective: Kittitian, Nevisian

Saint Lucia
noun: Saint Lucian(s)
adjective: Saint Lucian

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)
adjective: French

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
noun: Saint Vincentian(s) or
Vincentian(s)
adjective: Saint Vincentian or Vincentian

Samoa
noun: Samoan(s)
adjective: Samoan

San Marino
noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Sammarinese

Sao Tome and Principe
noun: Sao Tomean(s)
adjective: Sao Tomean

Saudi Arabia
noun: Saudi(s)
adjective: Saudi or Saudi Arabian

Senegal
noun: Senegalese (singular and plural)
adjective: Senegalese

Serbia
noun: Serb(s)
adjective: Serbian

Seychelles
noun: Seychellois (singular and plural)
adjective: Seychellois

Sierra Leone
noun: Sierra Leonean(s)
adjective: Sierra Leonean

Singapore
noun: Singaporean(s)
adjective: Singapore

Slovakia
noun: Slovak(s)
adjective: Slovak

Slovenia
noun: Slovene(s)
adjective: Slovenian

Solomon Islands
noun: Solomon Islander(s)
adjective: Solomon Islander

Somalia
noun: Somali(s)
adjective: Somali

South Africa
noun: South African(s)
adjective: South African

Spain
noun: Spaniard(s)
adjective: Spanish

Sri Lanka
noun: Sri Lankan(s)
adjective: Sri Lankan

Sudan
noun: Sudanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Sudanese

Suriname
noun: Surinamer(s)
adjective: Surinamese

Swaziland
noun: Swazi(s)
adjective: Swazi

Sweden
noun: Swede(s)
adjective: Swedish

Switzerland
noun: Swiss (singular and plural)
adjective: Swiss

Syria
noun: Syrian(s)
adjective: Syrian

Taiwan
noun: Taiwan (singular and plural)
note: example - he or she is from Taiwan; they are from Taiwan
adjective: Taiwan

Tajikistan
noun: Tajikistani(s)
adjective: Tajikistani

Tanzania
noun: Tanzanian(s)
adjective: Tanzanian

Thailand
noun: Thai (singular and plural)
adjective: Thai

Timor-Leste
noun: Timorese
adjective: Timorese

Togo
noun: Togolese (singular and plural)
adjective: Togolese

Tokelau
noun: Tokelauan(s)
adjective: Tokelauan

Tonga
noun: Tongan(s)
adjective: Tongan

Trinidad and Tobago
noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s)
adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian

Tunisia
noun: Tunisian(s)
adjective: Tunisian

Turkey
noun: Turk(s)
adjective: Turkish

Turkmenistan
noun: Turkmen(s)
adjective: Turkmen

Turks and Caicos Islands
noun: none
adjective: none

Tuvalu
noun: Tuvaluan(s)
adjective: Tuvaluan

Uganda
noun: Ugandan(s)
adjective: Ugandan

Ukraine
noun: Ukrainian(s)
adjective: Ukrainian

United Arab Emirates
noun: Emirati(s)
adjective: Emirati

United Kingdom
noun: Briton(s), British (collective plural)
adjective: British

United States
noun: American(s)
adjective: American

Uruguay
noun: Uruguayan(s)
adjective: Uruguayan

Uzbekistan
noun: Uzbekistani
adjective: Uzbekistani

Vanuatu
noun: Ni-Vanuatu (singular and plural)
adjective: Ni-Vanuatu

Venezuela
noun: Venezuelan(s)
adjective: Venezuelan

Vietnam
noun: Vietnamese (singular and plural)
adjective: Vietnamese

Virgin Islands
noun: Virgin Islander(s) (US citizens)
adjective: Virgin Islander

Wallis and Futuna
noun: Wallisian(s), Futunan(s), or Wallis and
Futuna Islanders
adjective: Wallisian, Futunan, or Wallis and Futuna Islander

West Bank
noun: NA
adjective: NA

Western Sahara
noun: Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s)
adjective: Sahrawi, Sahrawian, Sahraouian

Yemen
noun: Yemeni(s)
adjective: Yemeni

Zambia
noun: Zambian(s)
adjective: Zambian

Zimbabwe
noun: Zimbabwean(s)
adjective: Zimbabwean

======================================================================

@2111

Field Listing :: Natural resources

This entry lists a country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and
other resources of commercial importance, such as rare earth
elements (REEs).
Country

Natural resources

Afghanistan
natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc,
barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and
semiprecious stones

Albania
petroleum, natural gas, coal, bauxite, chromite, copper,
iron ore, nickel, salt, timber, hydropower

Algeria
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead,
zinc

American Samoa
pumice, pumicite

Andorra
hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead

Angola
petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar,
gold, bauxite, uranium

Anguilla
salt, fish, lobster

Antarctica
iron ore, chromium, copper, gold, nickel, platinum and
other minerals, and coal and hydrocarbons have been found in small
uncommercial quantities; none presently exploited; krill, finfish,
and crab have been taken by commercial fisheries

Antigua and Barbuda
NEGL; pleasant climate fosters tourism

Arctic Ocean
sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits,
polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals
(seals and whales)

Argentina
fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper,
iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium

Armenia
small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, bauxite

Aruba
NEGL; white sandy beaches

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
fish

Atlantic Ocean
oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and
whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic
nodules, precious stones

Australia
bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, gold, silver,
uranium, nickel, tungsten, rare earth elements, mineral sands, lead,
zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum
note: Australia is the world's largest net exporter of coal
accounting for 29% of global coal exports

Austria
oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore, copper, zinc,
antimony, magnesite, tungsten, graphite, salt, hydropower

Azerbaijan
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals,
bauxite

Bahamas, The
salt, aragonite, timber, arable land

Bahrain
oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls

Bangladesh
natural gas, arable land, timber, coal

Barbados
petroleum, fish, natural gas

Belarus
timber, peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural
gas, granite, dolomitic limestone, marl, chalk, sand, gravel, clay

Belgium
construction materials, silica sand, carbonates

Belize
arable land potential, timber, fish, hydropower

Benin
small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber

Bermuda
limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism

Bhutan
timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbonate

Bolivia
tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony,
silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower

Bosnia and Herzegovina
coal, iron ore, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc,
chromite, cobalt, manganese, nickel, clay, gypsum, salt, sand,
timber, hydropower

Botswana
diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal,
iron ore, silver

Bouvet Island
none

Brazil
bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates,
platinum, tin, rare earth elements, uranium, petroleum, hydropower,
timber

British Indian Ocean Territory
coconuts, fish, sugarcane

British Virgin Islands
NEGL

Brunei
petroleum, natural gas, timber

Bulgaria
bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land

Burkina Faso
manganese, limestone, marble; small deposits of gold,
phosphates, pumice, salt

Burma
petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten,
lead, coal, marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas,
hydropower

Burundi
nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper,
platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum,
gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone

Cambodia
oil and gas, timber, gemstones, iron ore, manganese,
phosphates, hydropower potential

Cameroon
petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower

Canada
iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, rare earth
elements, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber,
wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower

Cape Verde
salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish, clay, gypsum

Cayman Islands
fish, climate and beaches that foster tourism

Central African Republic
diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil,
hydropower

Chad
petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold,
limestone, sand and gravel, salt

Chile
copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals,
molybdenum, hydropower

China
coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin,
tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite,
aluminum, lead, zinc, rare earth elements, uranium, hydropower
potential (world's largest)

Christmas Island
phosphate, beaches

Clipperton Island
fish

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
fish

Colombia
petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold,
copper, emeralds, hydropower

Comoros
NEGL

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
cobalt, copper, niobium, tantalum,
petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc,
manganese, tin, uranium, coal, hydropower, timber

Congo, Republic of the
petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc,
uranium, copper, phosphates, gold, magnesium, natural gas, hydropower

Cook Islands
NEGL

Coral Sea Islands
NEGL

Costa Rica
hydropower

Cote d'Ivoire
petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore,
cobalt, bauxite, copper, gold, nickel, tantalum, silica sand, clay,
cocoa beans, coffee, palm oil, hydropower

Croatia
oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium,
gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower

Cuba
cobalt, nickel, iron ore, chromium, copper, salt, timber,
silica, petroleum, arable land

Curacao
calcium phosphates, aloes, sorghum, peanuts, vegetables,
tropical fruit

Cyprus
copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay
earth pigment

Czech Republic
hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber

Denmark
petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, chalk, stone,
gravel and sand

Djibouti
potential geothermal power, gold, clay, granite, limestone,
marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum

Dominica
timber, hydropower, arable land

Dominican Republic
nickel, bauxite, gold, silver

Ecuador
petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower

Egypt
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese,
limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, rare earth elements, zinc

El Salvador
hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land

Equatorial Guinea
petroleum, natural gas, timber, gold, bauxite,
diamonds, tantalum, sand and gravel, clay

Eritrea
gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural
gas, fish

Estonia
oil shale, peat, rare earth elements, phosphorite, clay,
limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud

Ethiopia
small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural
gas, hydropower

European Union
iron ore, natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, lead,
zinc, bauxite, uranium, potash, salt, hydropower, arable land,
timber, fish

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
fish, squid, wildlife, calcified
seaweed, sphagnum moss

Faroe Islands
fish, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas

Fiji
timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower

Finland
timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel,
gold, silver, limestone

France
metropolitan France: coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium,
antimony, arsenic, potash, feldspar, fluorspar, gypsum, timber, fish
French Guiana: gold deposits, petroleum, kaolin, niobium, tantalum,
clay

French Polynesia
timber, fish, cobalt, hydropower

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
fish, crayfish
note: Glorioso Islands and Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses) have
guano, phosphates, and coconuts

Gabon
petroleum, natural gas, diamond, niobium, manganese, uranium,
gold, timber, iron ore, hydropower

Gambia, The
fish, clay, silica sand, titanium (rutile and ilmenite),
tin, zircon

Gaza Strip
arable land, natural gas

Georgia
timber, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper,
minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for
important tea and citrus growth

Germany
coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel,
uranium, potash, salt, construction materials, timber, arable land

Ghana
gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish,
rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone

Gibraltar
none

Greece
lignite, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, lead, zinc, nickel,
magnesite, marble, salt, hydropower potential

Greenland
coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, molybdenum, diamonds, gold,
platinum, niobium, tantalite, uranium, fish, seals, whales,
hydropower, possible oil and gas

Grenada
timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors

Guam
aquatic wildlife (supporting tourism), fishing (largely
undeveloped)

Guatemala
petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle, hydropower

Guernsey
cropland

Guinea
bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish,
salt

Guinea-Bissau
fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, clay, granite,
limestone, unexploited deposits of petroleum

Guyana
bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish

Haiti
bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
fish

Holy See (Vatican City)
none

Honduras
timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore,
antimony, coal, fish, hydropower

Hong Kong
outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar

Hungary
bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land

Iceland
fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite

India
coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore,
manganese, mica, bauxite, rare earth elements, titanium ore,
chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land

Indian Ocean
oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel
aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules

Indonesia
petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite,
copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver

Iran
petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead,
manganese, zinc, sulfur

Iraq
petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur

Ireland
natural gas, peat, copper, lead, zinc, silver, barite,
gypsum, limestone, dolomite

Isle of Man
none

Israel
timber, potash, copper ore, natural gas, phosphate rock,
magnesium bromide, clays, sand

Italy
coal, mercury, zinc, potash, marble, barite, asbestos, pumice,
fluorspar, feldspar, pyrite (sulfur), natural gas and crude oil
reserves, fish, arable land

Jamaica
bauxite, gypsum, limestone

Jan Mayen
none

Japan
negligible mineral resources, fish
note: with virtually no energy natural resources, Japan is the
world's largest importer of coal and liquefied natural gas, as well
as the second largest importer of oil

Jersey
arable land

Jordan
phosphates, potash, shale oil

Kazakhstan
major deposits of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore,
manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead,
zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium

Kenya
limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc,
diatomite, gypsum, wildlife, hydropower

Kiribati
phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)

Korea, North
coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron
ore, copper, gold, pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropower

Korea, South
coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower
potential

Kosovo
nickel, lead, zinc, magnesium, lignite, kaolin, chrome,
bauxite

Kuwait
petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gas

Kyrgyzstan
abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and
rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas;
other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc

Laos
timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones

Latvia
peat, limestone, dolomite, amber, hydropower, timber, arable
land

Lebanon
limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a
water-deficit region, arable land

Lesotho
water, agricultural and grazing land, diamonds, sand, clay,
building stone

Liberia
iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, hydropower

Libya
petroleum, natural gas, gypsum

Liechtenstein
hydroelectric potential, arable land

Lithuania
peat, arable land, amber

Luxembourg
iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land

Macau
NEGL

Macedonia
low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite,
manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber,
arable land

Madagascar
graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, rare earth elements,
salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower

Malawi
limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of
uranium, coal, and bauxite

Malaysia
tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas,
bauxite

Maldives
fish

Mali
gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum,
granite, hydropower
note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are
known but not exploited

Malta
limestone, salt, arable land

Marshall Islands
coconut products, marine products, deep seabed
minerals

Mauritania
iron ore, gypsum, copper, phosphate, diamonds, gold, oil,
fish

Mauritius
arable land, fish

Mayotte
NEGL

Mexico
petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas,
timber

Micronesia, Federated States of
timber, marine products, deep-seabed
minerals, phosphate

Moldova
lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, arable land, limestone

Monaco
none

Mongolia
oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin,
nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron

Montenegro
bauxite, hydroelectricity

Montserrat
NEGL

Morocco
phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt

Mozambique
coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum,
graphite

Namibia
diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, silver, lead, tin, lithium,
cadmium, tungsten, zinc, salt, hydropower, fish
note: suspected deposits of oil, coal, and iron ore

Nauru
phosphates, fish

Navassa Island
guano

Nepal
quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small
deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore

Netherlands
natural gas, petroleum, peat, limestone, salt, sand and
gravel, arable land

New Caledonia
nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold,
lead, copper

New Zealand
natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower,
gold, limestone

Nicaragua
gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish

Niger
uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum,
gypsum, salt, petroleum

Nigeria
natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone,
niobium, lead, zinc, arable land

Niue
fish, arable land

Norfolk Island
fish

Northern Mariana Islands
arable land, fish

Norway
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc,
titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, hydropower

Oman
petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium,
gypsum, natural gas

Pacific Ocean
oil and gas fields, polymetallic nodules, sand and
gravel aggregates, placer deposits, fish

Pakistan
land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum,
poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone

Palau
forests, minerals (especially gold), marine products,
deep-seabed minerals

Panama
copper, mahogany forests, shrimp, hydropower

Papua New Guinea
gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil,
fisheries

Paracel Islands
none

Paraguay
hydropower, timber, iron ore, manganese, limestone

Peru
copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal,
phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas

Philippines
timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt,
copper

Pitcairn Islands
miro trees (used for handicrafts), fish
note: manganese, iron, copper, gold, silver, and zinc have been
discovered offshore

Poland
coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, amber,
arable land

Portugal
fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin,
tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable
land, hydropower

Puerto Rico
some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and
offshore oil

Qatar
petroleum, natural gas, fish

Romania
petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal,
iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower

Russia
wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil,
natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, reserves of rare
earth elements, timber
note: formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder
exploitation of natural resources

Rwanda
gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore),
methane, hydropower, arable land

Saint Barthelemy
has few natural resources, its beaches being the
most important

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
fish, lobster

Saint Kitts and Nevis
arable land

Saint Lucia
forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral
springs, geothermal potential

Saint Martin
salt

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
fish, deepwater ports

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
hydropower, cropland

Samoa
hardwood forests, fish, hydropower

San Marino
building stone

Sao Tome and Principe
fish, hydropower

Saudi Arabia
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper

Senegal
fish, phosphates, iron ore

Serbia
oil, gas, coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, chromite,
gold, silver, magnesium, pyrite, limestone, marble, salt, arable land

Seychelles
fish, copra, cinnamon trees

Sierra Leone
diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold,
chromite

Singapore
fish, deepwater ports

Sint Maarten
fish, salt

Slovakia
brown coal and lignite; small amounts of iron ore, copper
and manganese ore; salt; arable land

Slovenia
lignite coal, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower,
forests

Solomon Islands
fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead,
zinc, nickel

Somalia
uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin,
gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt, natural gas, likely oil reserves

South Africa
gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese,
nickel, phosphates, tin, rare earth elements, uranium, gem diamonds,
platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
fish

Southern Ocean
probable large and possible giant oil and gas fields
on the continental margin; manganese nodules, possible placer
deposits, sand and gravel, fresh water as icebergs; squid, whales,
and seals - none exploited; krill, fish

Spain
coal, lignite, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, uranium,
tungsten, mercury, pyrites, magnesite, fluorspar, gypsum, sepiolite,
kaolin, potash, hydropower, arable land

Spratly Islands
fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas
potential

Sri Lanka
limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates,
clay, hydropower

Sudan
petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore,
zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower

Suriname
timber, hydropower, fish, kaolin, shrimp, bauxite, gold,
and small amounts of nickel, copper, platinum, iron ore

Svalbard
coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish

Swaziland
asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests,
small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc

Sweden
iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten,
uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber, hydropower

Switzerland
hydropower potential, timber, salt

Syria
petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt,
iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower

Taiwan
small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and
asbestos

Tajikistan
hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal,
lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold

Tanzania
hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds,
gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel

Thailand
tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead,
fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land

Timor-Leste
gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble

Togo
phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land

Tokelau
NEGL

Tonga
fish, fertile soil

Trinidad and Tobago
petroleum, natural gas, asphalt

Tunisia
petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt

Turkey
coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold,
barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone,
magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable
land, hydropower

Turkmenistan
petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt

Turks and Caicos Islands
spiny lobster, conch

Tuvalu
fish

Uganda
copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land, gold

Ukraine
iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur,
graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber,
arable land

United Arab Emirates
petroleum, natural gas

United Kingdom
coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, lead, zinc,
gold, tin, limestone, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, potash, silica
sand, slate, arable land

United States
coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, rare earth
elements, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash,
silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber
note: the US has the world's largest coal reserves with 491 billion
short tons accounting for 27% of the world's total

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
terrestrial and
aquatic wildlife

Uruguay
arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fish

Uzbekistan
natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver,
copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum

Vanuatu
manganese, hardwood forests, fish

Venezuela
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other
minerals, hydropower, diamonds

Vietnam
phosphates, coal, manganese, rare earth elements, bauxite,
chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower

Virgin Islands
sun, sand, sea, surf

Wake Island
none

Wallis and Futuna
NEGL

West Bank
arable land

Western Sahara
phosphates, iron ore

World
the rapid depletion of nonrenewable mineral resources, the
depletion of forest areas and wetlands, the extinction of animal and
plant species, and the deterioration in air and water quality
(especially in some countries of Eastern Europe, the former USSR,
and China) pose serious long-term problems that governments and
peoples are only beginning to address

Yemen
petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble; small deposits of coal,
gold, lead, nickel, and copper; fertile soil in west

Zambia
copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver,
uranium, hydropower

Zimbabwe
coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron
ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals

======================================================================

@2112

Field Listing :: Net migration rate

This entry includes the figure for the difference between the number
of persons entering and leaving a country during the year per 1,000
persons (based on midyear population). An excess of persons entering
the country is referred to as net immigration (e.g., 3.56
migrants/1,000 population); an excess of persons leaving the country
as net emigration (e.g., -9.26 migrants/1,000 population). The net
migration rate indicates the contribution of migration to the
overall level of population change. The net migration rate does not
distinguish between economic migrants, refugees, and other types of
migrants nor does it distinguish between lawful migrants and
undocumented migrants.
Country Comparison to the World
Country

Net migration rate(migrant(s)/1,000 population)

Afghanistan
4.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Albania
-3.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Algeria
-0.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

American Samoa
-6.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Andorra
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Angola
1.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Anguilla
13.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda
2.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Argentina
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Armenia
-4.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Aruba
9.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Australia
6.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Austria
1.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Azerbaijan
-1.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Bahamas, The
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Bahrain
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Bangladesh
-2.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Barbados
-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Belarus
0.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Belgium
1.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Belize
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Benin
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Bermuda
2.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Bhutan
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Bolivia
-1.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Botswana
4.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa
and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2010 est.)

Brazil
-0.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

British Virgin Islands
7.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Brunei
2.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Bulgaria
-2.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Burkina Faso
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Burma
-0.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Burundi
4.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Cambodia
-0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Cameroon
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Canada
5.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Cape Verde
-0.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Cayman Islands
16.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: major destination for Cubans trying to migrate to the US (2010
est.)

Central African Republic
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Chad
-3.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Chile
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

China
-0.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Christmas Island
NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA

Colombia
-0.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Comoros
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
0.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population
(2010 est.)

Congo, Republic of the
-1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Costa Rica
1.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population NA

Croatia
1.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Cuba
-1.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Curacao
1.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008)

Cyprus
11.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Czech Republic
0.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Denmark
2.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Djibouti
4.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Dominica
-5.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Dominican Republic
-2.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Ecuador
-0.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Egypt
-0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

El Salvador
-9.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Eritrea
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Estonia
-3.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Ethiopia
-0.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: repatriation of Ethiopian refugees residing in Sudan is
expected to continue for several years; some Sudanese, Somali, and
Eritrean refugees, who fled to Ethiopia from the fighting or famine
in their own countries, continue to return to their homes (2010 est.)

European Union
1.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
NA

Faroe Islands
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Fiji
-7.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Finland
0.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

France
1.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

French Polynesia
2.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Gabon
-2.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Gambia, The
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Gaza Strip
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Georgia
-4.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Germany
2.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Ghana
-0.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Gibraltar
-3.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Greece
2.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Greenland
-5.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Grenada
-3.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Guam
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Guatemala
-2.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Guernsey
2.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Guinea
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Guinea-Bissau
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Guyana
-15.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Haiti
-8.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)

Honduras
-1.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Hong Kong
4.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Hungary
1.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Iceland
0.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

India
-0.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Indonesia
-1.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Iran
-0.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Iraq
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Ireland
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Isle of Man
8.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Israel
2.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Italy
2.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Jamaica
-5.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Japan
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Jersey
5.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Jordan
-2.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Kazakhstan
-3.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Kenya
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Kiribati
-2.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Korea, North
-0.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Korea, South
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Kuwait
15.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
-2.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Laos
-1.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Latvia
-2.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Lebanon
-2.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Lesotho
-8.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Liberia
0.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Libya
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Liechtenstein
4.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Lithuania
-0.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Luxembourg
8.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Macau
3.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Macedonia
-0.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Madagascar
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Malawi
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Malaysia
-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: does not reflect net flow of an unknown number of illegal
immigrants from other countries in the region (2009 est.)

Maldives
-12.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Mali
-5.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Malta
2.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Marshall Islands
-5.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Mauritania
-0.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Mauritius
-0.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Mayotte
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Mexico
-3.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
-21.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population
(2010 est.)

Moldova
-1.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Monaco
-0.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Mongolia
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Montserrat
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Morocco
-3.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Mozambique
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Namibia
0.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Nauru
-16.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Nepal
-1.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Netherlands
2.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

New Caledonia
4.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: there has been steady emigration from Wallis and Futuna to New
Caledonia (2009 est.)

New Zealand
2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Nicaragua
-1.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Niger
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Nigeria
-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Niue
NA

Norfolk Island
NA

Northern Mariana Islands
-73.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010
est.)

Norway
1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Oman
-0.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Pakistan
-2.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Palau
0.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Panama
-0.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Papua New Guinea
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Paraguay
-0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Peru
-0.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Philippines
-1.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Pitcairn Islands
NA

Poland
-0.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Portugal
3.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Puerto Rico
-0.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Qatar
-4.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Romania
-0.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Russia
0.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Rwanda
1.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
0 migrant(s)/1,000
population

Saint Kitts and Nevis
1.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Saint Lucia
-3.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
-9.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010
est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
-11.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population
(2010 est.)

Samoa
-11.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

San Marino
9.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe
-9.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Saudi Arabia
-0.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Senegal
-1.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Serbia
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Seychelles
1.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Sierra Leone
-4.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: refugees currently in surrounding countries are slowly
returning (2010 est.)

Singapore
4.79 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Sint Maarten
14.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008)

Slovakia
0.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Slovenia
0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Solomon Islands
-1.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Somalia
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

South Africa
-3.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa
and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2010 est.)

Spain
2.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Sri Lanka
-1.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Sudan
0.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Suriname
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Svalbard
NA

Swaziland
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Sweden
1.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Switzerland
1.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Syria
-1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Taiwan
0.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Tajikistan
-1.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Tanzania
-0.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Thailand
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Timor-Leste
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Togo
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Tokelau
NA

Tonga
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Trinidad and Tobago
-7.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Tunisia
-0.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Turkey
0.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Turkmenistan
-1.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
8.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Tuvalu
-7.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Uganda
-0.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Ukraine
-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

United Arab Emirates
21.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

United Kingdom
2.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

United States
4.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Uruguay
-0.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Uzbekistan
-2.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Vanuatu
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Venezuela
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Vietnam
-0.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Virgin Islands
-5.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Wallis and Futuna
-5.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: there has been steady emigration from Wallis and Futuna to New
Caledonia (2010 est.)

West Bank
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Yemen
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Zambia
-0.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Zimbabwe
12.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa
and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2009 est.)

======================================================================

@2113

Field Listing :: Geography - note

This entry includes miscellaneous geographic information of
significance not included elsewhere.
Country

Geography - note

Afghanistan
landlocked; the Hindu Kush mountains that run northeast
to southwest divide the northern provinces from the rest of the
country; the highest peaks are in the northern Vakhan (Wakhan
Corridor)

Akrotiri
British extraterritorial rights also extended to several
small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus; of the Sovereign Base
Area (SBA) land, 60% is privately owned and farmed, 20% is owned by
the Ministry of Defense, and 20% is SBA Crown land

Albania
strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic
Sea to Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea)

Algeria
second-largest country in Africa (after Sudan)

American Samoa
Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater
harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough
seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds;
strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean

Andorra
landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in
the Pyrenees

Angola
the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the
rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Anguilla
the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser
Antilles

Antarctica
the coldest, windiest, highest (on average), and driest
continent; during summer, more solar radiation reaches the surface
at the South Pole than is received at the Equator in an equivalent
period; mostly uninhabitable

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline with
many natural harbors and beaches; Barbuda has a large western harbor

Arctic Ocean
major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern
access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic
location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link
between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating
research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover
in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean;
snow cover lasts about 10 months

Argentina
second-largest country in South America (after Brazil);
strategic location relative to sea lanes between the South Atlantic
and the South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel,
Drake Passage); diverse geophysical landscapes range from tropical
climates in the north to tundra in the far south; Cerro Aconcagua is
the Western Hemisphere's tallest mountain, while Laguna del Carbon
is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere

Armenia
landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Sevana Lich
(Lake Sevan) is the largest lake in this mountain range

Aruba
a flat, riverless island renowned for its white sand beaches;
its tropical climate is moderated by constant trade winds from the
Atlantic Ocean; the temperature is almost constant at about 27
degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit)

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve
established in August 1983; Cartier Island Marine Reserve
established in 2000

Atlantic Ocean
major chokepoints include the Dardanelles, Strait of
Gibraltar, access to the Panama and Suez Canals; strategic straits
include the Strait of Dover, Straits of Florida, Mona Passage, The
Sound (Oresund), and Windward Passage; the Equator divides the
Atlantic Ocean into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean

Australia
world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country;
population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts;
the invigorating sea breeze known as the "Fremantle Doctor" affects
the city of Perth on the west coast and is one of the most
consistent winds in the world

Austria
landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central
Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major
river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands
because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere

Azerbaijan
both the main area of the country and the Naxcivan
exclave are landlocked

Bahamas, The
strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive
island chain of which 30 are inhabited

Bahrain
close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic
location in Persian Gulf, through which much of the Western world's
petroleum must transit to reach open ocean

Bangladesh
most of the country is situated on deltas of large rivers
flowing from the Himalayas: the Ganges unites with the Jamuna (main
channel of the Brahmaputra) and later joins the Meghna to eventually
empty into the Bay of Bengal

Barbados
easternmost Caribbean island

Belarus
landlocked; glacial scouring accounts for the flatness of
Belarusian terrain and for its 11,000 lakes

Belgium
crossroads of Western Europe; most West European capitals
within 1,000 km of Brussels, the seat of both the European Union and
NATO

Belize
only country in Central America without a coastline on the
North Pacific Ocean

Benin
sandbanks create difficult access to a coast with no natural
harbors, river mouths, or islands

Bermuda
consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample
rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by
the US Government from 1941 to 1995

Bhutan
landlocked; strategic location between China and India;
controls several key Himalayan mountain passes

Bolivia
landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest
navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru

Bosnia and Herzegovina
within Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized
borders, the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat
Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led
Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region
called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and Montenegro, and
traditionally has been settled by an ethnic Croat majority in the
west and an ethnic Serb majority in the east

Botswana
landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the
country

Bouvet Island
covered by glacial ice; declared a nature reserve by
Norway

Brazil
largest country in South America; shares common boundaries
with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador

British Indian Ocean Territory
archipelago of 55 islands; Diego
Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location
in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military
facility

British Virgin Islands
strong ties to nearby US Virgin Islands and
Puerto Rico

Brunei
close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking
Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by
Malaysia; almost an enclave within Malaysia

Bulgaria
strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land
routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia

Burkina Faso
landlocked savanna cut by the three principal rivers of
the Black, Red, and White Voltas

Burma
strategic location near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes

Burundi
landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the
Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote
headstream of the White Nile

Cambodia
a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River
and Tonle Sap

Cameroon
sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa; throughout
the country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of
current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest
mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano

Canada
second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic
location between Russia and US via north polar route; approximately
90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km of the US border

Cape Verde
strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near
major north-south sea routes; important communications station;
important sea and air refueling site

Cayman Islands
important location between Cuba and Central America

Central African Republic
landlocked; almost the precise center of
Africa

Chad
landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the
Sahel

Chile
strategic location relative to sea lanes between Atlantic and
Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage);
Atacama Desert is one of world's driest regions

China
world's fourth largest country (after Russia, Canada, and US);
Mount Everest on the border with Nepal is the world's tallest peak

Christmas Island
located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean

Clipperton Island
reef 12 km in circumference

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
islands are thickly covered with coconut
palms and other vegetation; site of a World War I naval battle in
November 1914 between the Australian light cruiser HMAS Sydney and
the German raider SMS Emden; after being heavily damaged in the
engagement, the Emden was beached by her captain on North Keeling
Island

Colombia
only South American country with coastlines on both the
North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea

Comoros
important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
straddles equator; has narrow
strip of land that controls the lower Congo River and is only outlet
to South Atlantic Ocean; dense tropical rain forest in central river
basin and eastern highlands

Congo, Republic of the
about 70% of the population lives in
Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, or along the railroad between them

Cook Islands
the northern Cook Islands are seven low-lying, sparsely
populated, coral atolls; the southern Cook Islands, where most of
the population lives, consist of eight elevated, fertile, volcanic
isles, including the largest, Rarotonga, at 67 sq km

Coral Sea Islands
important nesting area for birds and turtles

Costa Rica
four volcanoes, two of them active, rise near the capital
of San Jose in the center of the country; one of the volcanoes,
Irazu, erupted destructively in 1963-65

Cote d'Ivoire
most of the inhabitants live along the sandy coastal
region; apart from the capital area, the forested interior is
sparsely populated

Croatia
controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea
and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of
Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks

Cuba
largest country in Caribbean and westernmost island of the
Greater Antilles

Curacao
Curacao is a part of the Windward Islands (southern) group