Chapter M: Major infectious diseases (140)

Rwanda
11,055,976
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower
life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower
population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of
population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July
2010 est.)

Saint Barthelemy
7,406 (July 2010 est.)

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
7,670
note: only Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha islands are
inhabited (July 2010 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
49,898 (July 2010 est.)

Saint Lucia
160,922 (July 2010 est.)

Saint Martin
30,235 (July 2010 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
5,943 (July 2010 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
104,217 (July 2010 est.)

Samoa
192,001
note: prior estimates used official net migration data by sex, but a
highly unusual pattern for 1993 lead to a significant imbalance in
the sex ratios (more men and fewer women) and a seeming reduction in
the female population; the revised total was calculated using a 1993
number that was an average of the 1992 and 1994 migration figures
(July 2010 est.)

San Marino
31,477 (July 2010 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe
175,808 (July 2010 est.)

Saudi Arabia
25,731,776
note: includes 5,576,076 non-nationals (July 2010 est.)

Senegal
12,323,252 (July 2010 est.)

Serbia
7,344,847
note: does not include the population of Kosovo (July 2010 est.)

Seychelles
88,340 (July 2010 est.)

Sierra Leone
5,245,695 (July 2010 est.)

Singapore
4,701,069 (July 2010 est.)

Sint Maarten
37,429 (January 2010 est.)

Slovakia
5,470,306 (July 2010 est.)

Slovenia
2,003,136 (July 2010 est.)

Solomon Islands
559,198 (July 2010 est.)

Somalia
10,112,453
note: this estimate was derived from an official census taken in
1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is
complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements
in response to famine and clan warfare (July 2010 est.)

South Africa
49,109,107
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower
life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower
population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of
population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July
2010 est.)

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
no indigenous inhabitants
note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March
2001 replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British
Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird
Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited

Spain
46,505,963 (July 2010 est.)

Spratly Islands
no indigenous inhabitants
note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several
claimant states

Sri Lanka
21,513,990
note: since the outbreak of hostilities between the government and
armed Tamil separatists in the mid-1980s, several hundred thousand
Tamil civilians have fled the island and more than 200,000 Tamils
have sought refuge in the West (July 2010 est.)

Sudan
43,939,598 (July 2010 est.)

Suriname
486,618 (July 2010 est.)

Svalbard
2,067 (July 2010 est.)

Swaziland
1,354,051
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower
life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower
population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of
population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July
2010 est.)

Sweden
9,074,055 (July 2010 est.)

Switzerland
7,623,438 (July 2010 est.)

Syria
22,198,110 (July 2010 est.)
note: approximately 19,100 Israeli settlers live in the Golan
Heights (2008 est.)

Taiwan
23,024,956 (July 2010 est.)

Tajikistan
7,487,489 (July 2010 est.)

Tanzania
41,892,895
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower
life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower
population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of
population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July
2010 est.)

Thailand
67,089,500
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower
life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower
population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of
population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July
2010 est.)

Timor-Leste
1,154,625
note: other estimates range as low as 800,000 (July 2010 est.)

Togo
6,587,239
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower
life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower
population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of
population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July
2010 est.)

Tokelau
1,400 (July 2010 est.)

Tonga
122,580 (July 2010 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
1,228,691 (July 2010 est.)

Tunisia
10,589,025 (July 2010 est.)

Turkey
77,804,122 (July 2010 est.)

Turkmenistan
4,940,916 (July 2010 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
23,528 (July 2010 est.)

Tuvalu
10,472 (July 2010 est.)

Uganda
33,398,682
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower
life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower
population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of
population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July
2010 est.)

Ukraine
45,415,596 (July 2010 est.)

United Arab Emirates
4,975,593
note: estimate is based on the results of the 2005 census that
included a significantly higher estimate of net immigration of
non-citizens than previous estimates (July 2010 est.)

United Kingdom
62,348,447 (July 2010 est.)

United States
310,232,863 (July 2010 est.)

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
no indigenous
inhabitants
note: public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and
Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and
educators; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service
Johnston Atoll: in previous years, an average of 1,100 US military
and civilian contractor personnel were present; as of May 2005, all
US government personnel had left the island
Midway Islands: approximately 40 people make up the staff of US Fish
and Wildlife Service and their services contractor living at the
atoll
Palmyra Atoll: four to 20 Nature Conservancy, US Fish and Wildlife
staff, and researchers

Uruguay
3,510,386 (July 2010 est.)

Uzbekistan
27,865,738 (July 2010 est.)

Vanuatu
221,552 (July 2010 est.)

Venezuela
27,223,228 (July 2010 est.)

Vietnam
89,571,130 (July 2010 est.)

Virgin Islands
109,750 (July 2010 est.)

Wake Island
no indigenous inhabitants
note: approximately 150 military personnel and civilian contractors
maintain and operate the airfield and communications facilities
(2009)

Wallis and Futuna
15,343 (July 2010 est.)

West Bank
2,514,845 (July 2010 est.)
note: approximately 296,700 Israeli settlers live in the West Bank
(2009 est.); approximately 192,800 Israeli settlers live in East
Jerusalem (2008 est.)

Western Sahara
491,519
note: estimate is based on projections by age, sex, fertility,
mortality, and migration; fertility and mortality are based on data
from neighboring countries (July 2010 est.)

World
6,768,181,146 (July 2010 est.)

Yemen
23,495,361 (July 2010 est.)

Zambia
13,460,305
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower
life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower
population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of
population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July
2010 est.)

Zimbabwe
11,651,858
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower
life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower
population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of
population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July
2010 est.)

======================================================================

@2120

Field Listing :: Ports and terminals

This entry lists major ports and terminals primarily on the basis of
the amount of cargo tonnage shipped through the facilities on an
annual basis. In some instances, the number of containers handled or
ship visits were also considered.
Country

Ports and terminals

Afghanistan
Kheyrabad, Shir Khan

Albania
Durres, Sarande, Shengjin, Vlore

Algeria
Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel,
Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda

American Samoa
Pago Pago

Angola
Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe

Anguilla
Blowing Point, Road Bay

Antarctica
McMurdo Station; most coastal stations have sparse and
intermittent offshore anchorages; a few stations have basic wharf
facilities

Antigua and Barbuda
Saint John's

Arctic Ocean
Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)

Argentina
Arroyo Seco, Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, La Plata, Punta
Colorada, Rosario, San Lorenzo-San Martin

Aruba
Barcadera, Oranjestad, Sint Nicolaas

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
none; offshore anchorage only

Atlantic Ocean
Alexandria (Egypt), Algiers (Algeria), Antwerp
(Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Casablanca
(Morocco), Colon (Panama), Copenhagen (Denmark), Dakar (Senegal),
Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas
(Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Lisbon (Portugal),
London (UK), Marseille (France), Montevideo (Uruguay), Montreal
(Canada), Naples (Italy), New Orleans (US), New York (US), Oran
(Algeria), Oslo (Norway), Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece), Rio de
Janeiro (Brazil), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Saint Petersburg
(Russia), Stockholm (Sweden)

Australia
Brisbane, Cairns, Dampier, Darwin, Fremantle, Gladstone,
Geelong, Hay Point, Hobart, Jervis Bay, Melbourne, Newcastle, Port
Adelaide, Port Dalrymple, Port Hedland, Port Kembla, Port Lincoln,
Port Walcott, Sydney

Austria
Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna

Azerbaijan
Baku (Baki)

Bahamas, The
Freeport, Nassau, South Riding Point

Bahrain
Mina' Salman, Sitrah

Bangladesh
Chittagong, Mongla Port

Barbados
Bridgetown

Belarus
Mazyr

Belgium
cargo ports (tonnage): Antwerp, Gent, Liege, Zeebrugge
container ports (TEUs): Antwerp (8,662,891), Zeebrugge (2,209,715)

Belize
Belize City, Big Creek

Benin
Cotonou

Bermuda
Hamilton, Ireland Island, Saint George

Bolivia
Puerto Aguirre (inland port on the Paraguay/Parana waterway
at the Bolivia/Brazil border); Bolivia has free port privileges in
maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski
Samac, and Brcko (all inland waterway ports on the Sava River),
Orasje

Bouvet Island
none; offshore anchorage only

Brazil
cargo ports (tonnage): Ilha Grande (Gebig), Paranagua, Rio
Grande, Santos, Sao Sebastiao, Tubarao
container ports (TEUs): Santos (2,677,839), Itajai (693,580)

British Indian Ocean Territory
Diego Garcia

British Virgin Islands
Road Harbor

Brunei
Lumut, Muara, Seria

Bulgaria
Burgas, Varna

Burma
Moulmein, Rangoon, Sittwe

Burundi
Bujumbura

Cambodia
Phnom Penh, Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville)

Cameroon
Douala, Garoua, Limboh Terminal

Canada
Fraser River Port, Halifax, Hamilton, Montreal, Port-Cartier,
Quebec City, Saint John (New Brunswick), Sept-Isles, Vancouver

Cape Verde
Porto Grande

Cayman Islands
Cayman Brac, George Town

Central African Republic
Bangui, Nola, Salo, Nzinga

Chile
Coronel, Huasco, Lirquen, Puerto Ventanas, San Antonio, San
Vicente, Valparaiso

China
Dalian, Guangzhou, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai,
Shenzhen, Tianjin

Christmas Island
Flying Fish Cove

Clipperton Island
none; offshore anchorage only

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Port Refuge

Colombia
Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Puerto Bolivar,
Santa Marta, Turbo

Comoros
Mayotte, Mutsamudu

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Banana, Boma, Bukavu, Bumba, Goma,
Kalemie, Kindu, Kinshasa, Kisangani, Matadi, Mbandaka

Congo, Republic of the
Brazzaville, Djeno, Impfondo, Ouesso, Oyo,
Pointe-Noire

Cook Islands
Avatiu

Coral Sea Islands
none; offshore anchorage only

Costa Rica
Caldera, Puerto Limon

Cote d'Ivoire
Abidjan, Espoir, San-Pedro

Croatia
Omisalj, Ploce, Rijeka, Sibernik, Split, Vukovar (on Danube
River)

Cuba
Antilla, Cienfuegos, Guantanamo, Havana, Matanzas, Mariel,
Nuevitas Bay, Santiago de Cuba, Tanamo

Curacao
Bullen Baai, Fuik Bay, Willemstad

Cyprus
area under government control: Larnaca, Limassol, Vasilikos;;
area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Famagusta, Kyrenia

Czech Republic
Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem

Denmark
Aalborg, Aarhus, Copenhagen, Ensted, Esbjerg, Fredericia,
Kalundborg

Djibouti
Djibouti

Dominica
Portsmouth, Roseau

Dominican Republic
Andres (Boca Chica), Puerto Haina, Puerto Plata,
Santo Domingo

Ecuador
Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, Manta, Puerto Bolivar

Egypt
Ayn Sukhnah, Alexandria, Damietta, El Dekheila, Port Said,
Sidi Kurayr, Suez

El Salvador
Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco

Equatorial Guinea
Bata, Luba, Malabo (2010)

Eritrea
Assab, Massawa

Estonia
Kuivastu, Kunda, Muuga, Parnu Reid, Sillamae, Tallinn

Ethiopia
Ethiopia is landlocked and uses ports of Djibouti in
Djibouti and Berbera in Somalia

European Union
Antwerp (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Braila
(Romania), Bremen (Germany), Burgas (Bulgaria), Constanta (Romania),
Copenhagen (Denmark), Galati (Romania), Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg
(Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain),
Le Havre (France), Lisbon (Portugal), London (UK), Marseille
(France), Naples (Italy), Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece), Riga
(Latvia), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Stockholm (Sweden), Talinn
(Estonia), Tulcea (Romania), Varna (Bulgaria)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Stanley

Faroe Islands
Fuglafjordur, Torshavn, Vagur

Fiji
Lautoka, Levuka, Suva

Finland
Helsinki, Kotka, Naantali, Porvoo, Raahe, Rauma

France
Calais, Dunkerque, Le Havre, Marseille, Nantes, Paris, Rouen

French Polynesia
Papeete

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
none; offshore anchorage only

Gabon
Gamba, Libreville, Lucinda, Owendo, Port-Gentil

Gambia, The
Banjul

Gaza Strip
Gaza

Georgia
Bat'umi, P'ot'i

Germany
Bremen, Bremerhaven, Duisburg, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Lubeck,
Neuss-Dusseldorf, Rostock, Wilhemshaven

Ghana
Takoradi, Tema

Gibraltar
Gibraltar

Greece
Agioi Theodoroi, Aspropyrgos, Pachi, Piraeus, Thessaloniki

Greenland
Sisimiut

Grenada
Saint George's

Guam
Apra Harbor

Guatemala
Puerto Quetzal, Santo Tomas de Castilla

Guernsey
Braye Bay, Saint Peter Port

Guinea
Conakry, Kamsar

Guinea-Bissau
Bissau, Buba, Cacheu, Farim

Guyana
Georgetown

Haiti
Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Port-au-Prince

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
none; offshore anchorage only

Honduras
La Ceiba, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela

Hong Kong
Hong Kong

Hungary
Budapest, Dunaujvaros, Gyor-Gonyu, Csepel, Baja, Mohacs

Iceland
Grundartangi, Hafnarfjordur, Reykjavik

India
Chennai, Jawaharal Nehru, Kandla, Kolkata (Calcutta), Mumbai
(Bombay), Sikka, Vishakhapatnam

Indian Ocean
Chennai (Madras; India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Durban
(South Africa), Jakarta (Indonesia), Kolkata (Calcutta; India)
Melbourne (Australia), Mumbai (Bombay; India), Richards Bay (South
Africa)

Indonesia
Banjarmasin, Belawan, Kotabaru, Krueg Geukueh, Palembang,
Panjang, Sungai Pakning, Tanjung Perak, Tanjung Priok

Iran
Assaluyeh, Bandar Abbas, Bandar-e-Eman Khomeyni

Iraq
Al Basrah, Khawr az Zubayr, Umm Qasr

Ireland
Cork, Dublin, Shannon Foynes, Waterford

Isle of Man
Douglas, Ramsey

Israel
Ashdod, Elat (Eilat), Hadera, Haifa

Italy
Augusta, Cagliari, Genoa, Livorno, Santa Panagia (Melilli),
Taranto, Trieste, Venice

Jamaica
Discovery Bay (Port Rhoades), Kingston, Montego Bay, Port
Antonio, Port Esquivel, Port Kaiser, Rocky Point

Jan Mayen
none; offshore anchorage only

Japan
Chiba, Kawasaki, Kobe, Mizushima, Moji, Nagoya, Osaka, Tokyo,
Tomakomai, Yokohama

Jersey
Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier

Jordan
Al 'Aqabah

Kazakhstan
Aqtau (Shevchenko), Atyrau (Gur'yev), Oskemen
(Ust-Kamenogorsk), Pavlodar, Semey (Semipalatinsk)

Kenya
Kisumu, Mombasa

Kiribati
Betio (Tarawa Atoll), Canton Island, English Harbor

Korea, North
Ch'ongjin, Haeju, Hungnam (Hamhung), Namp'o, Senbong,
Songnim, Sonbong (formerly Unggi), Wonsan

Korea, South
Inch'on, P'ohang, Pusan, Ulsan, Yosu

Kuwait
Ash Shu'aybah, Ash Shuwaykh, Az Zawr (Mina' Sa'ud), Mina'
'Abd Allah, Mina' al Ahmadi

Kyrgyzstan
Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye)

Latvia
Riga, Ventspils

Lebanon
Beirut, Tripoli

Liberia
Buchanan, Monrovia

Libya
Marsa al Burayqah, Ra's Lanuf, Tripoli

Lithuania
Butinge, Klaipeda

Luxembourg
Mertert

Macau
Macau

Madagascar
Antsiranana (Diego Suarez), Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara
(Tulear)

Malawi
Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba

Malaysia
Bintulu, Johor Bahru, George Town (Penang), Port Kelang
(Port Klang), Tanjung Pelepas

Maldives
Male

Mali
Koulikoro

Malta
Marsaxlokk (Malta Freeport), Valletta

Marshall Islands
Enitwetak Island, Kwajalein, Majuro

Mauritania
Nouadhibou, Nouakchott

Mauritius
Port Louis

Mayotte
Dzaoudzi

Mexico
Altamira, Coatzacoalcos, Lazaro Cardenas, Manzanillo, Salina
Cruz, Veracruz

Micronesia, Federated States of
Colonia (Tomil Harbor), Lele Harbor,
Pohnepi Harbor

Monaco
Monaco

Montenegro
Bar

Montserrat
Little Bay, Plymouth

Morocco
Casablanca, Jorf Lasfar, Mohammedia, Safi, Tangier

Mozambique
Beira, Maputo, Nacala

Namibia
Luderitz, Walvis Bay

Nauru
Nauru

Navassa Island
none; offshore anchorage only

Netherlands
Amsterdam, IJmuiden, Moerdijk, Rotterdam, Terneuzen,
Vlissingen

New Caledonia
Noumea

New Zealand
Auckland, Lyttelton, Manukau Harbor, Marsden Point,
Tauranga, Wellington

Nicaragua
Bluefields, Corinto

Nigeria
Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagos

Niue
Alofi

Norfolk Island
Kingston

Northern Mariana Islands
Saipan, Tinian, Rota

Norway
Bergen, Haugesund, Maaloy, Mongstad, Narvik, Sture

Oman
Mina' Qabus, Salalah, Suhar

Pacific Ocean
Bangkok (Thailand), Hong Kong (China), Kao-hsiung
(Taiwan), Los Angeles (US), Manila (Philippines), Pusan (South
Korea), San Francisco (US), Seattle (US), Shanghai (China),
Singapore, Sydney (Australia), Vladivostok (Russia), Wellington
(NZ), Yokohama (Japan)

Pakistan
Karachi, Port Muhammad Bin Qasim

Palau
Koror

Panama
Balboa, Colon, Cristobal

Papua New Guinea
Kimbe, Lae, Madang, Rabaul, Wewak

Paracel Islands
small Chinese port facilities on Woody Island and
Duncan Island

Paraguay
Asuncion, Villeta, San Antonio, Encarnacion

Peru
Callao, Iquitos, Matarani, Paita, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas; note -
Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are on the upper reaches of the
Amazon and its tributaries

Philippines
Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Liman, Manila

Pitcairn Islands
Adamstown (on Bounty Bay)

Poland
Gdansk, Gdynia, Swinoujscie, Szczecin

Portugal
Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines

Puerto Rico
Ensenada Honda, Mayaguez, Playa de Guayanilla, Playa de
Ponce, San Juan

Qatar
Doha, Mesaieed (Umaieed), Ra's Laffan

Romania
Braila, Constanta, Galati (Galatz), Mancanului (Giurgiu),
Midia, Tulcea

Russia
Kaliningrad, Kavkaz, Nakhodka, Novorossiysk, Primorsk, Saint
Petersburg, Vostochnyy

Rwanda
Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye

Saint Barthelemy
Gustavia

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
Saint Helena: Jamestown
Ascension Island: Georgetown
Tristan da Cunha: Calshot Harbor (Edinburgh)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Basseterre, Charlestown

Saint Lucia
Castries, Cul-de-Sac, Vieux-Fort

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Saint-Pierre

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Kingstown

Samoa
Apia

Sao Tome and Principe
Sao Tome

Saudi Arabia
Ad Dammam, Al Jubayl, Jiddah, Yanbu' al Sinaiyah

Senegal
Dakar

Seychelles
Victoria

Sierra Leone
Freetown, Pepel, Sherbro Islands

Singapore
Singapore

Sint Maarten
Philipsburg

Slovakia
Bratislava, Komarno

Slovenia
Koper

Solomon Islands
Honiara, Malloco Bay, Viru Harbor, Tulaghi

Somalia
Berbera, Kismaayo

South Africa
Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth, Richards Bay,
Saldanha Bay

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
Grytviken

Southern Ocean
McMurdo, Palmer, and offshore anchorages in Antarctica
note: few ports or harbors exist on the southern side of the
Southern Ocean; ice conditions limit use of most to short periods in
midsummer; even then some cannot be entered without icebreaker
escort; most Antarctic ports are operated by government research
stations and, except in an emergency, are not open to commercial or
private vessels

Spain
Algeciras, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cartagena, Huelva, Tarragona,
Valencia (Spain); Las Palmas, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands)

Spratly Islands
none; offshore anchorage only

Sri Lanka
Colombo

Sudan
Port Sudan

Suriname
Paramaribo, Wageningen

Svalbard
Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden

Sweden
Brofjorden, Goteborg, Helsingborg, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo,
Stockholm, Trelleborg, Visby

Switzerland
Basel

Syria
Baniyas, Latakia, Tartus

Taiwan
Chilung (Keelung), Kaohsiung, Hualian, Taichung

Tanzania
Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar

Thailand
Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Map Ta Phut, Prachuap Port, Si Racha

Timor-Leste
Dili

Togo
Kpeme, Lome

Tokelau
none; offshore anchorage only

Tonga
Nuku'alofa, Neiafu, Pangai

Trinidad and Tobago
Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain,
Scarborough

Tunisia
Bizerte, Gabes, Rades, Sfax, Skhira

Turkey
Aliaga, Diliskelesi, Eregli, Izmir, Kocaeli (Izmit), Mercin
Limani, Yarimca

Turkmenistan
Turkmenbasy

Turks and Caicos Islands
Cockburn Harbour, Grand Turk, Providenciales

Tuvalu
Funafuti

Uganda
Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell

Ukraine
Feodosiya (Theodosia), Illichivsk, Mariupol', Mykolayiv,
Odesa, Yuzhnyy

United Arab Emirates
Al Fujayrah, Mina' Jabal 'Ali (Dubai), Khawr
Fakkan (Khor Fakkan), Mubarraz Island, Mina' Rashid (Dubai), Mina'
Saqr (Ra's al Khaymah),

United Kingdom
Dover, Felixstowe, Immingham, Liverpool, London,
Southampton, Teesport (England); Forth Ports, Hound Point
(Scotland); Milford Haven (Wales)

United States
cargo ports (tonnage): Baton Rouge, Corpus Christi,
Houston, Long Beach, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York,
Plaquemines, Tampa, Texas City
container ports (TEUs): Los Angeles (7,849,985), Long Beach
(6,350,125), New York/New Jersey (5,265,058), Savannah (2,616,126),
Oakland (2,236,244), Hampton Roads (2,083,278) (2008)
cruise departure ports (passengers): Miami (2,032,000), Port
Everglades (1,277,000), Port Canaveral (1,189,000), Seattle
(430,000), Long Beach (415,000) (2009)

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
Baker, Howland, and
Jarvis Islands, and Kingman Reef: none; offshore anchorage only
Johnston Atoll: Johnston Island
Midway Islands: Sand Island
Palmyra Atoll: West Lagoon

Uruguay
Montevideo

Uzbekistan
Termiz (Amu Darya)

Vanuatu
Forari Bay, Luganville (Santo, Espiritu Santo), Port-Vila

Venezuela
La Guaira, Maracaibo, Puerto Cabello, Punta Cardon

Vietnam
Cam Pha Port, Da Nang, Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City, Phu My,
Quy Nhon

Virgin Islands
Charlotte Amalie, Christiansted, Cruz Bay,
Frederiksted, Limetree Bay

Wake Island
none; two offshore anchorages for large ships

Wallis and Futuna
Leava, Mata-Utu

Western Sahara
Ad Dakhla, Laayoune (El Aaiun)

World
top ten container ports as measured by Twenty-Foot Equivalent
Units (TEUs) throughput: Singapore - 25,866,400; Shanghai -
25,002,000; Hong Kong - 20,983,000; Shenzhen (China) - 18,250,100;
Pusan (South Korea) - 11,954,861; Guangzhou (China) - 11,190,000;
Dubai (UAE) - 11,124,082; Ningbo (China) - 10,502,800; Qingdao
(China) - 10,260,000; - Rotterdam - 9,743,290 (2009)

Yemen
Aden, Al Hudaydah, Al Mukalla

Zambia
Mpulungu

Zimbabwe
Binga, Kariba

======================================================================

@2121

Field Listing :: Railways

This entry states the total route length of the railway network and
of its component parts by gauge: broad, standard, narrow, and dual.
Other gauges are listed under note.
Country Comparison to the World
Country

Railways(km)

Albania
total: 896 km
standard gauge: 896 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Algeria
total: 3,973 km
standard gauge: 2,888 km 1.435-m gauge (283 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,085 km 1.055-m gauge (2008)

Angola
total: 2,764 km
narrow gauge: 2,641 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2008)

Argentina
total: 31,409 km
broad gauge: 27,301 km 1.676-m gauge (94 km electrified)
standard gauge: 2,780 km 1.435-m gauge (26 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,328 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Armenia
total: 845 km
broad gauge: 845 km 1.520-m gauge (818 km electrified)
note: some lines are out of service (2008)

Australia
total: 37,855 km
broad gauge: 142 km 1.600-m gauge
standard gauge: 24,409 km 1.435-m gauge (1,094 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 13,304 km 1.067-m gauge (1,193 km electrified) (2008)

Austria
total: 6,399 km
standard gauge: 5,927 km 1.435-m gauge (3,688 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 384 km 1.000-m gauge (15 km electrified); 88 km
0.760-m gauge (10 km electrified) (2008)

Azerbaijan
total: 2,918 km
broad gauge: 2,918 km 1.520-m gauge (1,278 km electrified) (2009)

Bangladesh
total: 2,768 km
broad gauge: 946 km 1.676-m gauge
narrow gauge: 1,822 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Belarus
total: 5,537 km
broad gauge: 5,512 km 1.520-m gauge (874 km electrified)
standard gauge: 25 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Belgium
total: 3,233 km
standard gauge: 3,233 km 1.435-m gauge (2,950 km electrified) (2008)

Benin
total: 578 km
narrow gauge: 578 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Bolivia
total: 3,504 km
narrow gauge: 3,504 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
total: 1,000 km
standard gauge: 1,000 km 1.435-m gauge (590 km electrified) (2008)

Botswana
total: 888 km
narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Brazil
total: 28,857 km
broad gauge: 5,709 km 1.600-m gauge (459 km electrified)
standard gauge: 194 km 1.440-m gauge
narrow gauge: 22,954 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Bulgaria
total: 4,294 km
standard gauge: 4,049 km 1.435-m gauge (2,880 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 245 km 0.760-m gauge (2008)

Burkina Faso
total: 622 km
narrow gauge: 622 km 1.000-m gauge
note: another 660 km of this railway extends into Cote d'Ivoire
(2008)

Burma
total: 3,955 km
narrow gauge: 3,955 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Cambodia
total: 690 km
narrow gauge: 690 km 1.000-m gauge
note: under restoration (2010)

Cameroon
total: 987 km
narrow gauge: 987 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Canada
total: 46,688 km
standard gauge: 46,688 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Chile
total: 5,483 km
broad gauge: 1,706 km 1.676-m gauge (850 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 3,777 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

China
total: 77,834 km
standard gauge: 77,084 km 1.435-m gauge (24,433 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 750 km 0.750-m gauge (2008)

Christmas Island
total: 18 km
standard gauge: 18 km 1.435-m (not in operation) (2010)

Colombia
total: 3,802 km
standard gauge: 150 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 3,652 km 0.914-m gauge (2008)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
total: 4,007 km
narrow gauge: 3,882 km 1.067-m gauge (858 km electrified); 125 km
1.000-m gauge (2008)

Congo, Republic of the
total: 795 km
narrow gauge: 795 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Costa Rica
total: 278 km
narrow gauge: 278 km 1.067-m gauge
note: none of the railway network is in use (2008)

Cote d'Ivoire
total: 660 km
narrow gauge: 660 km 1.000 meter gauge
note: an additional 622 km of this railroad extends into Burkina
Faso (2008)

Croatia
total: 2,722 km
standard gauge: 2,722 km 1.435-m gauge (985 km electrified) (2009)

Cuba
total: 8,598 km
standard gauge: 8,322 km 1.435-m gauge (176 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 276 km 1.000-gauge
note: 4,533 km of the track is used by sugar plantations; 4,257 km
is standard gauge; 276 km is narrow gauge (2006)

Czech Republic
total: 9,620 km
standard gauge: 9,521 km 1.435-m gauge (3,013 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 99 km 0.750-m gauge (2008)

Denmark
total: 2,667 km
standard gauge: 2,667 km 1.435-m gauge (640 km electrified) (2008)

Djibouti
total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the 781 km Addis
Ababa-Djibouti railway)
narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge
note: railway is under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia but is
largely inoperable (2008)

Dominican Republic
total: 1,784 km
standard gauge: 375 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 1,409 km 1.076-m, 0.889-m, and 0.762-m gauges
note: 1,226 km operated by sugar companies in 1.076 m, 0.889 m, and
0.762-m gauges (2008)

Ecuador
total: 965 km
narrow gauge: 965 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Egypt
total: 5,500 km
standard gauge: 5,500 km 1.435-m gauge (62 km electrified) (2009)

El Salvador
total: 283 km
narrow gauge: 283 km 0.914-m gauge
note: railways have been inoperable since 2005 because of disuse and
high costs that led to a lack of maintenance (2008)

Eritrea
total: 306 km
narrow gauge: 306 km 0.950-m gauge (2008)

Estonia
total: 1,196 km
broad gauge: 1,196 km 1.520 m/1.524-m gauge (131 km electrified)
(2008)

Ethiopia
total: 681 km (Ethiopian segment of the 781 km Addis
Ababa-Djibouti railroad)
narrow gauge: 681 km 1.000-m gauge
note: railway is under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia but is
largely inoperable (2008)

European Union
total: 229,450 km (2008)

Fiji
total: 597 km
narrow gauge: 597 km 0.600-m gauge
note: belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation; used
to haul sugarcane during the harvest season, which runs from May to
December (2008)

Finland
total: 5,794 km
broad gauge: 5,794 km 1.524-m gauge (3,047 km electrified) (2008)

France
total: 29,213 km
standard gauge: 29,046 km 1.435-m gauge (15,164 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 167 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Gabon
total: 814 km
standard gauge: 814 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Georgia
total: 1,612 km
broad gauge: 1,575 km 1.520-m gauge (1,575 electrified)
narrow gauge: 37 km 0.912-m gauge (37 electrified) (2008)

Germany
total: 41,896 km
standard gauge: 41,641 km 1.435-m gauge (20,053 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 75 km 1.000-m gauge (75 km electrified); 180 km
0.750-m gauge (24 km electrified) (2008)

Ghana
total: 947 km
narrow gauge: 947 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Greece
total: 2,548 km
standard gauge: 1,565 km 1.435-m gauge (764 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 961 km 1.000-m gauge; 22 km 0.750-m gauge (2008)

Guatemala
total: 332 km
narrow gauge: 332 km 0.914-m gauge (2008)

Guinea
total: 1,185 km
standard gauge: 238 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 947 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Honduras
total: 75 km
narrow gauge: 75 km 1.067-m gauge (2009)

Hungary
total: 8,057 km
broad gauge: 36 km 1.524-m gauge
standard gauge: 7,802 km 1.435-m gauge (2,628 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 219 km 0.760-m gauge (2008)

India
total: 64,015 km
broad gauge: 52,808 km 1.676-m gauge (18,172 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 8,473 km 1.000-m gauge; 2,734 km 0.762-m gauge and
0.610-m gauge (2009)

Indonesia
total: 8,529 km
narrow gauge: 8,529 km 1.067-m gauge (565 km electrified) (2008)

Iran
total: 8,442 km
broad gauge: 94 km 1.676-m gauge
standard gauge: 8,348 km 1.435-m gauge (148 km electrified) (2008)

Iraq
total: 2,272 km
standard gauge: 2,272 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Ireland
total: 3,237 km
broad gauge: 1,872 km 1.600-m gauge (37 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,365 km 0.914-m gauge (operated by the Irish Peat
Board to transport peat to power stations and briquetting plants)
(2008)

Isle of Man
total: 63 km
narrow gauge: 6 km 1.076-m gauge (6 km electrified); 57 km 0.914-m
gauge (29 km electrified)
note: primarily summer tourist attractions (2008)

Israel
total: 949 km
standard gauge: 949 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Italy
total: 19,729 km
standard gauge: 18,317 km 1.435-m gauge (12,458 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 123 km 1.000-m gauge (123 km electrified); 1,058 km
0.950-m gauge (151 km electrified); 231 km 0.850-m gauge (2008)

Japan
total: 26,435 km
standard gauge: 3,978 km 1.435-m gauge (3,978 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 96 km 1.372-m gauge (96 km electrified); 22,313 km
1.067-m gauge (15,235 km electrified); 48 km 0.762-m gauge (48 km
electrified) (2009)

Jordan
total: 507 km
narrow gauge: 507 km 1.050-m gauge (2008)

Kazakhstan
total: 15,082 km
broad gauge: 15,082 km 1.520-m gauge (3,700 km electrified) (2008)

Kenya
total: 2,778 km
narrow gauge: 2,778 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Korea, North
total: 5,242 km
standard gauge: 5,242 km 1.435-m gauge (3,500 km electrified) (2009)

Korea, South
total: 3,381 km
standard gauge: 3,381 km 1.435-m gauge (1,843 km electrified) (2008)

Kosovo
total: 430 km
standard gauge: 430 km 1.435-m gauge (2007)

Kyrgyzstan
total: 470 km
broad gauge: 470 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)

Latvia
total: 2,298 km
broad gauge: 2,265 km 1.520-m gauge
narrow gauge: 33 km 0.750-m gauge (2008)

Lebanon
total: 401 km
standard gauge: 319 km 1.435 m
narrow gauge: 82 km 1.050 m
note: rail system unusable because of the damage done during
fighting in the 1980s and in 2006 (2008)

Liberia
total: 429 km
standard gauge: 345 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 84 km 1.067-m gauge
note: most sections of the railway are inoperable because of damage
suffered during the civil wars from 1980 to 2003 (2008)

Liechtenstein
9 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified)
note: belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and
Switzerland (2008)

Lithuania
total: 1,768 km
broad gauge: 1,746 km 1.524-m gauge (122 km electrified)
standard gauge: 22 km 1.435-m gauge (2009)

Luxembourg
total: 275 km
standard gauge: 275 km 1.435-m gauge (243 km electrified) (2008)

Macedonia
total: 699 km
standard gauge: 699 km 1.435-m gauge (234 km electrified) (2009)

Madagascar
total: 854 km
narrow gauge: 854 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Malawi
total: 797 km
narrow gauge: 797 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Malaysia
total: 1,849 km
standard gauge: 57 km 1.435-m gauge (57 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,792 km 1.000-m gauge (150 km electrified) (2008)

Mali
total: 593 km
narrow gauge: 593 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Mauritania
728 km
standard gauge: 728 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Mexico
total: 17,516 km
standard gauge: 17,516 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Moldova
total: 1,138 km
broad gauge: 1,124 km 1.520-m gauge
standard gauge: 14 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Mongolia
total: 1,810 km
broad gauge: 1,810 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)

Montenegro
total: 250 km
standard gauge: 250 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified 169 km) (2007)

Morocco
total: 1,907 km
standard gauge: 1,907 km 1.435-m gauge (1,022 km electrified) (2008)

Mozambique
total: 4,787 km
narrow gauge: 4,787 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Namibia
total: 2,629 km
narrow gauge: 2,629 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Nepal
total: 59 km
narrow gauge: 59 km 0.762-m gauge (2008)

Netherlands
total: 2,896 km
standard gauge: 2,896 km 1.435-m gauge (2,064 km electrified) (2009)

New Zealand
total: 4,128 km
narrow gauge: 4,128 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2008)

Nigeria
total: 3,505 km
narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Norway
total: 4,114 km
standard gauge: 4,114 km 1.435-m gauge (2,552 km electrified) (2009)

Pakistan
total: 7,791 km
broad gauge: 7,479 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 312 km 1.000-m gauge (2007)

Panama
total: 76 km
standard gauge: 76 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Paraguay
total: 36 km
standard gauge: 36 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Peru
total: 1,989 km
standard gauge: 1,726 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 263 km 0.914-m gauge (2008)

Philippines
total: 897 km
narrow gauge: 897 km 1.067-m gauge (492 km are in operation) (2008)

Poland
total: 22,314 km
broad gauge: 633 km 1.524-m gauge
standard gauge: 21,681 km 1.435-m gauge (11,769 km electrified)
(2007)

Portugal
total: 2,786 km
broad gauge: 2,603 km 1.668-m gauge (1,351 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 183 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Romania
total: 10,788 km
broad gauge: 57 km 1.524-m gauge
standard gauge: 10,731 km 1.435-m gauge (3,965 km electrified) (2008)

Russia
total: 87,157 km
broad gauge: 86,200 km 1.520-m gauge (40,300 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 957 km 1.067-m gauge (on Sakhalin Island)
note: an additional 30,000 km of non-common carrier lines serve
industries (2006)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
total: 50 km
narrow gauge: 50 km 0.762-m gauge on Saint Kitts for tourists (2008)

Saudi Arabia
total: 1,392 km
standard gauge: 1,392 km 1.435-m gauge (with branch lines and
sidings) (2008)

Senegal
total: 906 km
narrow gauge: 906 km 1.000 meter gauge (2008)

Serbia
total: 3,379 km
standard gauge: 3,379 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified 1,254 km) (2006)

Slovakia
total: 3,622 km
broad gauge: 99 km 1.520-m gauge
standard gauge: 3,473 km 1.435-m gauge (1,577 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 50 km (1.000-m or 0.750-m gauge) (2008)

Slovenia
total: 1,228 km
standard gauge: 1,228 km 1.435-m gauge (503 km electrified) (2007)

South Africa
total: 20,872 km
narrow gauge: 20,436 km 1.065-m gauge (8,271 km electrified); 436 km
0.610-m gauge (2008)

Spain
total: 15,288 km
broad gauge: 11,919 km 1.668-m gauge (6,950 km electrified)
standard gauge: 1,392 km 1.435-m gauge (1,054 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,949 km 1.000-m gauge (815 km electrified); 28 km
0.914-m gauge (28 km electrified) (2008)

Sri Lanka
total: 1,449 km
broad gauge: 1,449 km 1.676-m gauge (2007)

Sudan
total: 5,978 km
narrow gauge: 4,578 km 1.067-m gauge; 1,400 km 0.600-m gauge for
cotton plantations (2008)

Swaziland
total: 301 km
narrow gauge: 301 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Sweden
total: 11,633 km
standard gauge: 11,568 km 1.435-m gauge (7,531 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 65 km 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified) (2008)

Switzerland
total: 4,888 km
standard gauge: 3,397 km 1.435-m gauge (3,142 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,481 km 1.000-m gauge (1,378 km electrified); 10 km
0.800-m gauge (10 km electrified) (2008)

Syria
total: 2,052 km
standard gauge: 1,801 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 251 km 1.050-m gauge (2008)

Taiwan
total: 1,582 km
standard gauge: 345 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 1,091 km 1.067-m gauge; 146 km .762-m gauge
note: the 146 km of .762 gauge track belongs primarily to Taiwan
Sugar Corporation and Taiwan Forestry Bureau, some to other entities
(2008)

Tajikistan
total: 680 km
broad gauge: 680 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)

Tanzania
total: 3,689 km
narrow gauge: 969 km 1.067-m gauge; 2,720 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Thailand
total: 4,071 km
standard gauge: 29 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 4,042 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Togo
total: 532 km
narrow gauge: 532 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Tunisia
total: 2,167 km
standard gauge: 471 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 1,688 km 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified)
dual gauge: 8 km (2008)

Turkey
total: 8,697 km
standard gauge: 8,697 km 1.435-m gauge (1,920 km electrified) (2008)

Turkmenistan
total: 2,980 km
broad gauge: 2,980 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)

Uganda
total: 1,244 km
narrow gauge: 1,244 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Ukraine
total: 21,658 km
broad gauge: 21,658 km 1.524-m gauge (9,729 km electrified) (2009)

United Kingdom
total: 16,454 km
broad gauge: 303 km 1.600-m gauge (in Northern Ireland)
standard gauge: 16,151 km 1.435-m gauge (5,248 km electrified) (2008)

United States
total: 226,427 km
standard gauge: 226,427 km 1.435-m gauge (2007)

Uruguay
total: 1,641 km (1,200 km operational)
standard gauge: 1,641 km 1.435-m gauge (2010)

Uzbekistan
total: 3,645 km
broad gauge: 3,645 km 1.520-m gauge (620 km electrified) (2008)

Venezuela
total: 806 km
standard gauge: 806 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Vietnam
total: 2,347 km
standard gauge: 178 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 2,169 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

World
total: 1,138,632 km (2008)

Zambia
total: 2,157 km
narrow gauge: 2,157 km 1.067-m gauge
note: includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority
(TAZARA) (2008)

Zimbabwe
total: 3,077 km
narrow gauge: 3,077 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified) (2008)

======================================================================

@2122

Field Listing :: Religions

This entry is an ordered listing of religions by adherents starting
with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total
population. The core characteristics and beliefs of the world's
major religions are described below.
Baha'i - Founded by Mirza Husayn-Ali (known as Baha'u'llah) in Iran
in 1852, Baha'i faith emphasizes monotheism and believes in one
eternal transcendent God. Its guiding focus is to encourage the
unity of all peoples on the earth so that justice and peace may be
achieved on earth. Baha'i revelation contends the prophets of major
world religions reflect some truth or element of the divine,
believes all were manifestations of God given to specific
communities in specific times, and that Baha'u'llah is an additional
prophet meant to call all humankind. Bahais are an open community,
located worldwide, with the greatest concentration of believers in
South Asia.
Buddhism - Religion or philosophy inspired by the 5th century B.C.
teachings of Siddhartha Gautama (also known as Gautama Buddha "the
enlightened one"). Buddhism focuses on the goal of spiritual
enlightenment centered on an understanding of Gautama Buddha's Four
Noble Truths on the nature of suffering, and on the Eightfold Path
of spiritual and moral practice, to break the cycle of suffering of
which we are a part. Buddhism ascribes to a karmic system of
rebirth. Several schools and sects of Buddhism exist, differing
often on the nature of the Buddha, the extent to which enlightenment
can be achieved - for one or for all, and by whom - religious orders
or laity.
Basic Groupings
Theravada Buddhism: The oldest Buddhist school, Theravada is
practiced mostly in Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, and Thailand,
with minority representation elsewhere in Asia and the West.
Theravadans follow the Pali Canon of Buddha's teachings, and believe
that one may escape the cycle of rebirth, worldly attachment, and
suffering for oneself; this process may take one or several
lifetimes.
Mahayana Buddhism, including subsets Zen and Tibetan Buddhism:
Forms of Mahayana Buddhism are common in East Asia and Tibet, and
parts of the West. Mahayanas have additional scriptures beyond the
Pali Canon and believe the Buddha is eternal and still teaching.
Unlike Theravada Buddhism, Mahayana schools maintain the
Buddha-nature is present in all beings and all will ultimately
achieve enlightenment.
Christianity - Descending from Judaism, Christianity's central
belief maintains Jesus of Nazareth is the promised messiah of the
Hebrew Scriptures, and that his life, death, and resurrection are
salvific for the world. Christianity is one of the three
monotheistic Abrahamic faiths, along with Islam and Judaism, which
traces its spiritual lineage to Abraham of the Hebrew Scriptures.
Its sacred texts include the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament (or
the Christian Gospels).
Basic Groupings
Catholicism (or Roman Catholicism): This is the oldest
established western Christian church and the world's largest single
religious body. It is supranational, and recognizes a hierarchical
structure with the Pope, or Bishop of Rome, as its head, located at
the Vatican. Catholics believe the Pope is the divinely ordered head
of the Church from a direct spiritual legacy of Jesus' apostle
Peter. Catholicism is comprised of 23 particular Churches, or Rites
- one Western (Roman or Latin-Rite) and 22 Eastern. The Latin Rite
is by far the largest, making up about 98% of Catholic membership.
Eastern-Rite Churches, such as the Maronite Church and the Ukrainian
Catholic Church, are in communion with Rome although they preserve
their own worship traditions and their immediate hierarchy consists
of clergy within their own rite. The Catholic Church has a
comprehensive theological and moral doctrine specified for believers
in its catechism, which makes it unique among most forms of
Christianity.
Mormonism (including the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day
Saints): Originating in 1830 in the United States under Joseph
Smith, Mormonism is not characterized as a form of Protestant
Christianity because it claims additional revealed Christian
scriptures after the Hebrew Bible and New Testament. The Book of
Mormon maintains there was an appearance of Jesus in the New World
following the Christian account of his resurrection, and that the
Americas are uniquely blessed continents. Mormonism believes earlier
Christian traditions, such as the Roman Catholic, Orthodox, and
Protestant reform faiths, are apostasies and that Joseph Smith's
revelation of the Book of Mormon is a restoration of true
Christianity. Mormons have a hierarchical religious leadership
structure, and actively proselytize their faith; they are located
primarily in the Americas and in a number of other Western countries.
Orthodox Christianity: The oldest established eastern form of
Christianity, the Holy Orthodox Church, has a ceremonial head in the
Bishop of Constantinople (Istanbul), also known as a Patriarch, but
its various regional forms (e.g., Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox,
Serbian Orthodox, Ukrainian Orthodox) are autocephalous (independent
of Constantinople's authority, and have their own Patriarchs).
Orthodox churches are highly nationalist and ethnic. The Orthodox
Christian faith shares many theological tenets with the Roman
Catholic Church, but diverges on some key premises and does not
recognize the governing authority of the Pope.
Protestant Christianity: Protestant Christianity originated in
the 16th century as an attempt to reform Roman Catholicism's
practices, dogma, and theology. It encompasses several forms or
denominations which are extremely varied in structure, beliefs,
relationship to state, clergy, and governance. Many protestant
theologies emphasize the primary role of scripture in their faith,
advocating individual interpretation of Christian texts without the
mediation of a final religious authority such as the Roman Pope. The
oldest Protestant Christianities include Lutheranism, Calvinism
(Presbyterians), and Anglican Christianity (Episcopalians), which
have established liturgies, governing structure, and formal clergy.
Other variants on Protestant Christianity, including Pentecostal
movements and independent churches, may lack one or more of these
elements, and their leadership and beliefs are individualized and
dynamic.
Hinduism - Originating in the Vedic civilization of India (second
and first millennium B.C.), Hinduism is an extremely diverse set of
beliefs and practices with no single founder or religious authority.
Hinduism has many scriptures; the Vedas, the Upanishads, and the
Bhagavad-Gita are among some of the most important. Hindus may
worship one or many deities, usually with prayer rituals within
their own home. The most common figures of devotion are the gods
Vishnu, Shiva, and a mother goddess, Devi. Most Hindus believe the
soul, or atman, is eternal, and goes through a cycle of birth,
death, and rebirth (samsara) determined by one's positive or
negative karma, or the consequences of one's actions. The goal of
religious life is to learn to act so as to finally achieve
liberation (moksha) of one's soul, escaping the rebirth cycle.
Islam - The third of the monotheistic Abrahamic faiths, Islam
originated with the teachings of Muhammad in the 7th century.
Muslims believe Muhammad is the final of all religious prophets
(beginning with Abraham) and that the Qu'ran, which is the Islamic
scripture, was revealed to him by God. Islam derives from the word
submission, and obedience to God is a primary theme in this
religion. In order to live an Islamic life, believers must follow
the five pillars, or tenets, of Islam, which are the testimony of
faith (shahada), daily prayer (salah), giving alms (zakah), fasting
during Ramadan (sawm), and the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj).
Basic Groupings
The two primary branches of Islam are Sunni and Shia, which split
from each other over a religio-political leadership dispute about
the rightful successor to Muhammad. The Shia believe Muhammad's
cousin and son-in-law, Ali, was the only divinely ordained Imam
(religious leader), while the Sunni maintain the first three caliphs
after Muhammad were also legitimate authorities. In modern Islam,
Sunnis and Shia continue to have different views of acceptable
schools of Islamic jurisprudence, and who is a proper Islamic
religious authority. Islam also has an active mystical branch,
Sufism, with various Sunni and Shia subsets.
Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim
population. It recognizes the Abu Bakr as the first caliph after
Muhammad. Sunni has four schools of Islamic doctrine and law -
Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali - which uniquely interpret the
Hadith, or recorded oral traditions of Muhammad. A Sunni Muslim may
elect to follow any one of these schools, as all are considered
equally valid.
Shia Islam represents 10-20% of Muslims worldwide, and its
distinguishing feature is its reverence for Ali as an infallible,
divinely inspired leader, and as the first Imam of the Muslim
community after Muhammad. A majority of Shia are known as
"Twelvers," because they believe that the 11 familial successor
imams after Muhammad culminate in a 12th Imam (al-Mahdi) who is
hidden in the world and will reappear at its end to redeem the
righteous.
Variants
Ismaili faith: A sect of Shia Islam, its adherents are also known
as "Seveners," because they believe that the rightful seventh Imam
in Islamic leadership was Isma'il, the elder son of Imam Jafar
al-Sadiq. Ismaili tradition awaits the return of the seventh Imam as
the Mahdi, or Islamic messianic figure. Ismailis are located in
various parts of the world, particularly South Asia and the Levant.
Alawi faith: Another Shia sect of Islam, the name reflects
followers' devotion to the religious authority of Ali. Alawites are
a closed, secretive religious group who assert they are Shia
Muslims, although outside scholars speculate their beliefs may have
a syncretic mix with other faiths originating in the Middle East.
Alawis live mostly in Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey.
Druze faith: A highly secretive tradition and a closed community
that derives from the Ismaili sect of Islam; its core beliefs are
thought to emphasize a combination of Gnostic principles believing
that the Fatimid caliph, al-Hakin, is the one who embodies the key
aspects of goodness of the universe, which are, the intellect, the
word, the soul, the preceder, and the follower. The Druze have a key
presence in Syria, Lebanon, and Israel.
Jainism - Originating in India, Jain spiritual philosophy believes
in an eternal human soul, the eternal universe, and a principle of
"the own nature of things." It emphasizes compassion for all living
things, seeks liberation of the human soul from reincarnation
through enlightenment, and values personal responsibility due to the
belief in the immediate consequences of one's behavior. Jain
philosophy teaches non-violence and prescribes vegetarianism for
monks and laity alike; its adherents are a highly influential
religious minority in Indian society.
Judaism - One of the first known monotheistic religions, likely
dating to between 2000-1500 B.C., Judaism is the native faith of the
Jewish people, based upon the belief in a covenant of responsibility
between a sole omnipotent creator God and Abraham, the patriarch of
Judaism's Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh. Divine revelation of principles
and prohibitions in the Hebrew Scriptures form the basis of Jewish
law, or halakhah, which is a key component of the faith. While there
are extensive traditions of Jewish halakhic and theological
discourse, there is no final dogmatic authority in the tradition.
Local communities have their own religious leadership. Modern
Judaism has three basic categories of faith: Orthodox, Conservative,
and Reform/Liberal. These differ in their views and observance of
Jewish law, with the Orthodox representing the most traditional
practice, and Reform/Liberal communities the most accommodating of
individualized interpretations of Jewish identity and faith.
Shintoism - A native animist tradition of Japan, Shinto practice is
based upon the premise that every being and object has its own
spirit or kami. Shinto practitioners worship several particular
kamis, including the kamis of nature, and families often have
shrines to their ancestors' kamis. Shintoism has no fixed tradition
of prayers or prescribed dogma, but is characterized by individual
ritual. Respect for the kamis in nature is a key Shinto value. Prior
to the end of World War II, Shinto was the state religion of Japan,
and bolstered the cult of the Japanese emperor.
Sikhism - Founded by the Guru Nanak (born 1469), Sikhism believes in
a non-anthropomorphic, supreme, eternal, creator God; centering
one's devotion to God is seen as a means of escaping the cycle of
rebirth. Sikhs follow the teachings of Nanak and nine subsequent
gurus. Their scripture, the Guru Granth Sahib - also known as the
Adi Granth - is considered the living Guru, or final authority of
Sikh faith and theology. Sikhism emphasizes equality of humankind
and disavows caste, class, or gender discrimination.
Taoism - Chinese philosophy or religion based upon Lao Tzu's Tao Te
Ching, which centers on belief in the Tao, or the way, as the flow
of the universe and the nature of things. Taoism encourages a
principle of non-force, or wu-wei, as the means to live harmoniously
with the Tao. Taoists believe the esoteric world is made up of a
perfect harmonious balance and nature, while in the manifest world -
particularly in the body - balance is distorted. The Three Jewels of
the Tao - compassion, simplicity, and humility - serve as the basis
for Taoist ethics.
Zoroastrianism - Originating from the teachings of Zoroaster in
about the 9th or 10th century B.C., Zoroastrianism may be the oldest
continuing creedal religion. Its key beliefs center on a
transcendent creator God, Ahura Mazda, and the concept of free will.
The key ethical tenets of Zoroastrianism expressed in its scripture,
the Avesta, are based on a dualistic worldview where one may prevent
chaos if one chooses to serve God and exercises good thoughts, good
words, and good deeds. Zoroastrianism is generally a closed religion
and members are almost always born to Zoroastrian parents. Prior to
the spread of Islam, Zoroastrianism dominated greater Iran. Today,
though a minority, Zoroastrians remain primarily in Iran, India, and
Pakistan.
Country

Religions(%)

Afghanistan
Sunni Muslim 80%, Shia Muslim 19%, other 1%

Albania
Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10%
note: percentages are estimates; there are no available current
statistics on religious affiliation; all mosques and churches were
closed in 1967 and religious observances prohibited; in November
1990, Albania began allowing private religious practice

Algeria
Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1%

American Samoa
Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%,
Protestant and other 30%

Andorra
Roman Catholic (predominant)

Angola
indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15%
(1998 est.)

Anguilla
Anglican 29%, Methodist 23.9%, other Protestant 30.2%,
Roman Catholic 5.7%, other Christian 1.7%, other 5.2%, none or
unspecified 4.3% (2001 census)

Antigua and Barbuda
Anglican 25.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 12.3%,
Pentecostal 10.6%, Moravian 10.5%, Roman Catholic 10.4%, Methodist
7.9%, Baptist 4.9%, Church of God 4.5%, other Christian 5.4%, other
2%, none or unspecified 5.8% (2001 census)

Argentina
nominally Roman Catholic 92% (less than 20% practicing),
Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 4%

Armenia
Armenian Apostolic 94.7%, other Christian 4%, Yezidi
(monotheist with elements of nature worship) 1.3%

Aruba
Roman Catholic 80.8%, Evangelist 4.1%, Protestant 2.5%,
Jehovah's Witnesses 1.5%, Methodist 1.2%, Jewish 0.2%, other 5.1%,
none or unspecified 4.6%

Australia
Catholic 25.8%, Anglican 18.7%, Uniting Church 5.7%,
Presbyterian and Reformed 3%, Eastern Orthodox 2.7%, other Christian
7.9%, Buddhist 2.1%, Muslim 1.7%, other 2.4%, unspecified 11.3%,
none 18.7% (2006 Census)

Austria
Roman Catholic 73.6%, Protestant 4.7%, Muslim 4.2%, other
3.5%, unspecified 2%, none 12% (2001 census)

Azerbaijan
Muslim 93.4%, Russian Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox
2.3%, other 1.8% (1995 est.)
note: religious affiliation is still nominal in Azerbaijan;
percentages for actual practicing adherents are much lower

Bahamas, The
Baptist 35.4%, Anglican 15.1%, Roman Catholic 13.5%,
Pentecostal 8.1%, Church of God 4.8%, Methodist 4.2%, other
Christian 15.2%, none or unspecified 2.9%, other 0.8% (2000 census)

Bahrain
Muslim (Shia and Sunni) 81.2%, Christian 9%, other 9.8%
(2001 census)

Bangladesh
Muslim 89.5%, Hindu 9.6%, other 0.9% (2004)

Barbados
Protestant 63.4% (Anglican 28.3%, Pentecostal 18.7%,
Methodist 5.1%, other 11.3%), Roman Catholic 4.2%, other Christian
7%, other 4.8%, none or unspecified 20.6% (2008 est.)

Belarus
Eastern Orthodox 80%, other (including Roman Catholic,
Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 20% (1997 est.)

Belgium
Roman Catholic 75%, other (includes Protestant) 25%

Belize
Roman Catholic 49.6%, Protestant 27% (Pentecostal 7.4%,
Anglican 5.3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5.2%, Mennonite 4.1%, Methodist
3.5%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.5%), other 14%, none 9.4% (2000)

Benin
Christian 42.8% (Catholic 27.1%, Celestial 5%, Methodist 3.2%,
other Protestant 2.2%, other 5.3%), Muslim 24.4%, Vodoun 17.3%,
other 15.5% (2002 census)

Bermuda
Anglican 23%, Roman Catholic 15%, African Methodist
Episcopal 11%, other Protestant 18%, other 12%, unaffiliated 6%,
unspecified 1%, none 14% (2000 census)

Bhutan
Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced
Hinduism 25%

Bolivia
Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist) 5%

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Roman Catholic 15%,
other 14%

Botswana
Christian 71.6%, Badimo 6%, other 1.4%, unspecified 0.4%,
none 20.6% (2001 census)

Brazil
Roman Catholic (nominal) 73.6%, Protestant 15.4%,
Spiritualist 1.3%, Bantu/voodoo 0.3%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.2%,
none 7.4% (2000 census)

British Virgin Islands
Protestant 86% (Methodist 33%, Anglican 17%,
Church of God 9%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6%, Baptist 4%, Jehovah's
Witnesses 2%, other 15%), Roman Catholic 10%, other 2%, none 2%
(1991)

Brunei
Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, other
(includes indigenous beliefs) 10%

Bulgaria
Bulgarian Orthodox 82.6%, Muslim 12.2%, other Christian
1.2%, other 4% (2001 census)

Burkina Faso
Muslim 50%, indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian (mainly
Roman Catholic) 10%

Burma
Buddhist 89%, Christian 4% (Baptist 3%, Roman Catholic 1%),
Muslim 4%, animist 1%, other 2%

Burundi
Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%),
indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%

Cambodia
Buddhist 96.4%, Muslim 2.1%, other 1.3%, unspecified 0.2%
(1998 census)

Cameroon
indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%

Canada
Roman Catholic 42.6%, Protestant 23.3% (including United
Church 9.5%, Anglican 6.8%, Baptist 2.4%, Lutheran 2%), other
Christian 4.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other and unspecified 11.8%, none 16%
(2001 census)

Cape Verde
Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs),
Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene)

Cayman Islands
Church of God 25.5%, Roman Catholic 12.6%,
Presbyterian / United Church 9.2%, Seventh Day Adventist 8.4%,
Baptist 8.3%, Pentecostal 6.7%, Anglican 3.9%, other religions 4%,
non-denominational 5.7%, other 6.5%, none 6.1%, unspecified 3.2%
(2007)

Central African Republic
indigenous beliefs 35%, Protestant 25%,
Roman Catholic 25%, Muslim 15%
note: animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the
Christian majority

Chad
Muslim 53.1%, Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.2%, animist 7.3%,
other 0.5%, unknown 1.7%, atheist 3.1% (1993 census)

Chile
Roman Catholic 70%, Evangelical 15.1%, Jehovah's Witness 1.1%,
other Christian 1%, other 4.6%, none 8.3% (2002 census)

China
Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian 3%-4%, Muslim 1%-2%
note: officially atheist (2002 est.)

Christmas Island
Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21%
(1997)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Sunni Muslim 80%, other 20% (2002 est.)

Colombia
Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%

Comoros
Sunni Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2%

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant
20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, other (includes syncretic sects
and indigenous beliefs) 10%

Congo, Republic of the
Christian 50%, animist 48%, Muslim 2%

Cook Islands
Cook Islands Christian Church 55.9%, Roman Catholic
16.8%, Seventh-Day Adventists 7.9%, Church of Latter Day Saints
3.8%, other Protestant 5.8%, other 4.2%, unspecified 2.6%, none 3%
(2001 census)

Costa Rica
Roman Catholic 76.3%, Evangelical 13.7%, Jehovah's
Witnesses 1.3%, other Protestant 0.7%, other 4.8%, none 3.2%

Cote d'Ivoire
Muslim 38.6%, Christian 32.8%, indigenous 11.9%, none
16.7% (2008 est.)
note: the majority of foreigners (migratory workers) are Muslim
(70%) and Christian (20%)

Croatia
Roman Catholic 87.8%, Orthodox 4.4%, other Christian 0.4%,
Muslim 1.3%, other and unspecified 0.9%, none 5.2% (2001 census)

Cuba
nominally 85% Roman Catholic prior to CASTRO assuming power;
Protestants, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, and Santeria are also
represented

Curacao
Roman Catholic 80.1%, Protestant 5.5%, none 4.6%,
Pentecostal 3.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 2.2%, Jehovah's Witnesses
1.7%, Jewish 0.8%, other 1.3%, not reported 0.3% (2001 census)

Cyprus
Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, other (includes Maronite and
Armenian Apostolic) 4%

Czech Republic
Roman Catholic 26.8%, Protestant 2.1%, other 3.3%,
unspecified 8.8%, unaffiliated 59% (2001 census)