Chapter M: Major infectious diseases (145)

European Union
the five-nation Eurocorps - created in 1992 by
France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, and Luxembourg - has deployed
troops and police on peacekeeping missions to Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Macedonia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo and assumed
command of the ISAF in Afghanistan in August 2004; Eurocorps
directly commands the 5,000-man Franco-German Brigade, the
Multinational Command Support Brigade, and EUFOR in Bosnia and
Herzegovina; in November 2004, the EU Council of Ministers formally
committed to creating 13 1,500-man battle groups by the end of 2007,
to respond to international crises on a rotating basis; 22 of the
EU's 27 nations have agreed to supply troops; France, Italy, and the
UK formed the first of three battle groups in 2005; Norway, Sweden,
Estonia, and Finland established the Nordic Battle Group effective 1
January 2008; nine other groups are to be formed; a rapid-reaction
naval EU Maritime Task Group was stood up in March 2007 (2007)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
defense is the responsibility of
the UK

Faroe Islands
defense is the responsibility of Denmark

French Polynesia
defense is the responsibility of France

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
defense is the responsibility of
France

Georgia
a CIS peacekeeping force of Russian troops is deployed in
the Abkhazia region of Georgia together with a UN military observer
group; a Russian peacekeeping battalion is deployed in South Ossetia

Gibraltar
defense is the responsibility of the UK; the Royal
Gibraltar Regiment replaced the last British regular infantry forces
in 1992

Greenland
defense is the responsibility of Denmark

Guam
defense is the responsibility of the US

Guernsey
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
defense is the responsibility of
Australia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols

Holy See (Vatican City)
defense is the responsibility of Italy;
ceremonial and limited security duties performed by Pontifical Swiss
Guard

Hong Kong
defense is the responsibility of China

Iceland
Iceland has no standing military force; under a 1951
bilateral agreement - still valid - its defense was provided by the
US-manned Icelandic Defense Force (IDF) headquartered at Keflavik;
however, all US military forces in Iceland were withdrawn as of
October 2006; although wartime defense of Iceland remains a NATO
commitment, in April 2007, Iceland and Norway signed a bilateral
agreement providing for Norwegian aerial surveillance and defense of
Icelandic airspace (2008)

Isle of Man
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Jan Mayen
defense is the responsibility of Norway

Jersey
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Kiribati
Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance
is provided by Australia and NZ

Laos
serving one of the world's least developed countries, the Lao
People's Armed Forces (LPAF) is small, poorly funded, and
ineffectively resourced; its mission focus is border and internal
security, primarily in countering ethnic Hmong insurgent groups;
together with the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the
government, the Lao People's Army (LPA) is the third pillar of state
machinery, and as such is expected to suppress political and civil
unrest and similar national emergencies, but the LPA also has
upgraded skills to respond to avian influenza outbreaks; there is no
perceived external threat to the state and the LPA maintains strong
ties with the neighboring Vietnamese military (2008)

Lesotho
Lesotho's declared policy is maintenance of its independent
sovereignty and preservation of internal security; in practice,
external security is guaranteed by South Africa; restructuring of
the Lesotho Defense Force (LDF) and Ministry of Defense and Public
Service over the past five years has focused on subordinating the
defense apparatus to civilian control and restoring the LDF's
cohesion; the restructuring has considerably improved capabilities
and professionalism, but the LDF is disproportionately large for a
small, poor country; the government has outlined a reduction to a
planned 1,500-man strength, but these plans have met with vociferous
resistance from the political opposition and from inside the LDF
(2008)

Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein has no military forces but is interested
in European security policy and is an active member of the
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)

Macau
defense is the responsibility of China

Maldives
the Maldives National Defense Force (MNDF), with its small
size and with little serviceable equipment, is inadequate to prevent
external aggression and is primarily tasked to reinforce the
Maldives Police Service (MPS) and ensure security in the exclusive
economic zone (2008)

Marshall Islands
defense is the responsibility of the US

Mayotte
defense is the responsibility of France; a small contingent
of French forces is stationed on the island

Micronesia, Federated States of
defense is the responsibility of the
US

Monaco
defense is the responsibility of France

Montserrat
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Nauru
Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal
agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia

Navassa Island
defense is the responsibility of the US

New Caledonia
defense is the responsibility of France

Niue
defense is the responsibility of New Zealand

Norfolk Island
defense is the responsibility of Australia

Northern Mariana Islands
defense is the responsibility of the US

Palau
defense is the responsibility of the US; under a Compact of
Free Association between Palau and the US, the US military is
granted access to the islands for 50 years, but it has not stationed
any military forces there (2008)

Panama
on 10 February 1990, the government of then President ENDARA
abolished Panama's military and reformed the security apparatus by
creating the Panamanian Public Forces; in October 1994, Panama's
Legislative Assembly approved a constitutional amendment prohibiting
the creation of a standing military force but allowing the temporary
establishment of special police units to counter acts of "external
aggression"

Paracel Islands
occupied by China

Pitcairn Islands
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Puerto Rico
defense is the responsibility of the US

Saint Barthelemy
defense is the responsibility of France

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
defense is the
responsibility of the UK

Saint Martin
defense is the responsibility of France

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
defense is the responsibility of France

Samoa
Samoa has no formal defense structure or regular armed forces;
informal defense ties exist with NZ, which is required to consider
any Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship

San Marino
defense is the responsibility of Italy

Sao Tome and Principe
Sao Tome and Principe's army is a tiny force
with almost no resources at its disposal and would be wholly
ineffective operating unilaterally; infantry equipment is considered
simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or
replacement after 25 years in tropical climates; poor pay, working
conditions, and alleged nepotism in the promotion of officers have
been problems in the past, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003 coups;
these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance aimed at
improving the army and its focus on realistic security concerns;
command is exercised from the president, through the Minister of
Defense, to the Chief of the Armed Forces staff (2005)

Sint Maarten
defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the
Netherlands

South Africa
with the end of apartheid and the establishment of
majority rule, former military, black homelands forces, and
ex-opposition forces were integrated into the South African National
Defense Force (SANDF); as of 2003 the integration process was
considered complete

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
defense is the
responsibility of the UK

Spratly Islands
Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small
islands or reefs of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by
China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam

Svalbard
Svalbard is a territory of Norway, demilitarized by treaty
on 9 February 1920; Norwegian military activity is limited to
fisheries surveillance by the Norwegian Coast Guard

Tokelau
defense is the responsibility of New Zealand

Turkey
a "National Security Policy Document" adopted in October 2005
increases the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) role in internal security,
augmenting the General Directorate of Security and Gendarmerie
General Command (Jandarma); the TSK leadership continues to play a
key role in politics and considers itself guardian of Turkey's
secular state; in April 2007, it warned the ruling party about any
pro-Islamic appointments; despite on-going negotiations on EU
accession since October 2005, progress has been limited in
establishing required civilian supremacy over the military; primary
domestic threats are listed as fundamentalism (with the definition
in some dispute with the civilian government), separatism (the
Kurdish problem), and the extreme left wing; Ankara strongly opposed
establishment of an autonomous Kurdish region; an overhaul of the
Turkish Land Forces Command (TLFC) taking place under the "Force
2014" program is to produce 20-30% smaller, more highly trained
forces characterized by greater mobility and firepower and capable
of joint and combined operations; the TLFC has taken on increasing
international peacekeeping responsibilities, and took charge of a
NATO International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) command in
Afghanistan in April 2007; the Turkish Navy is a regional naval
power that wants to develop the capability to project power beyond
Turkey's coastal waters; the Navy is heavily involved in NATO,
multinational, and UN operations; its roles include control of
territorial waters and security for sea lines of communications; the
Turkish Air Force adopted an "Aerospace and Missile Defense Concept"
in 2002 and has initiated project work on an integrated missile
defense system; Air Force priorities include attaining a modern
deployable, survivable, and sustainable force structure, and
establishing a sustainable command and control system (2008)

Turks and Caicos Islands
defense is the responsibility of the UK

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
defense is the
responsibility of the US

Virgin Islands
defense is the responsibility of the US

Wake Island
defense is the responsibility of the US; the US Air
Force is responsible for overall administration and operation of the
island facilities; the launch support facility is administered by
the US Missile Defense Agency (MDA)

Wallis and Futuna
defense is the responsibility of France

Yemen
a Coast Guard was established in 2002

======================================================================

@2138

Field Listing :: Communications - note

This entry includes miscellaneous communications information of
significance not included elsewhere.
Country

Communications - note

Afghanistan
Internet access is growing through Internet cafes as
well as public "telekiosks" in Kabul (2005)

Bouvet Island
automatic meteorological station

Coral Sea Islands
there are automatic weather stations on many of
the isles and reefs relaying data to the mainland

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
one or more meteorological
stations on each possession; note - meteorological station on
Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses) is important for forecasting cyclones

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
South Africa maintains
a meteorological station on Gough Island

======================================================================

@2140

Field Listing :: Government - note

This entry includes miscellaneous government information of
significance not included elsewhere.
Country

Government - note

French Polynesia
under certain acts of France, French Polynesia has
acquired autonomy in all areas except those relating to police and
justice, monetary policy, tertiary education, immigration, and
defense and foreign affairs; the duties of its president are
fashioned after those of the French prime minister

New Zealand
while not an official symbol, the Kiwi, a small native
flightless bird, represents New Zealand

Solomon Islands
by the end of 2007, the Regional Assistance Mission
to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) - originally made up of police and
troops from Australia, NZ, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and Tonga - had
been scaled back to 303 police officers, 197 civilian technical
advisers, and 72 military advisers from 15 countries across the
region

Somalia
although an interim government was created in 2004, other
regional and local governing bodies continue to exist and control
various regions of the country, including the self-declared Republic
of Somaliland in northwestern Somalia and the semi-autonomous State
of Puntland in northeastern Somalia

======================================================================

@2141

Field Listing :: Group

Country

Group

Afghanistan
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia

Akrotiri
All, Europe, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Albania
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Algeria
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa

American Samoa
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Andorra
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Angola
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Anguilla
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Antarctica
All, APLAA, South America/Global, Antarctica

Antigua and Barbuda
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central
America

Arctic Ocean
All, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans

Argentina
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Armenia
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Middle East

Aruba
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia
- Oceania

Atlantic Ocean
All, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans

Australia
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Austria
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Azerbaijan
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Middle East

Bahamas, The
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Bahrain
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Bangladesh
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia

Barbados
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Belarus
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Europe

Belgium
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Belize
All, APLAA, South America/Meso America, Central America

Benin
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Bermuda
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, North America

Bhutan
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia

Bolivia
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Bosnia and Herzegovina
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Botswana
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Bouvet Island
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Antarctica

Brazil
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

British Indian Ocean Territory
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, South
Asia

British Virgin Islands
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central
America

Brunei
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Bulgaria
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Burkina Faso
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Burma
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Burundi
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Cambodia
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Cameroon
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Canada
All, APLAA, Eurasia/North America, North America

Cape Verde
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Cayman Islands
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Central African Republic
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Chad
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Chile
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

China
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Christmas Island
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Clipperton Island
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, North
America

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia -
Oceania

Colombia
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Comoros
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa,
Africa

Congo, Republic of the
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Cook Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Coral Sea Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Costa Rica
All, APLAA, South America/Meso America, Central America

Cote d'Ivoire
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Croatia
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Cuba
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Cyprus
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Czech Republic
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Denmark
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Dhekelia
All, Europe, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Djibouti
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Dominica
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Dominican Republic
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central
America

Ecuador
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Egypt
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa

El Salvador
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Equatorial Guinea
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Eritrea
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Estonia
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Ethiopia
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

European Union
All, Europe, Europe

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
All, APLAA, South America/Global,
South America

Faroe Islands
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Fiji
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Finland
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

France
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

French Polynesia
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Australia -
Oceania

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
All, OREA, Europe/French
Dependencies, Antarctica

Gabon
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Gambia, The
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Gaza Strip
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Georgia
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Middle East

Germany
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Ghana
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Gibraltar
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Greece
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Greenland
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, North America

Grenada
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Guam
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Guatemala
All, APLAA, South America/Meso America, Central America

Guernsey
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Guinea
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Guinea-Bissau
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Guyana
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Haiti
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania,
Antarctica

Holy See (Vatican City)
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Honduras
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Hong Kong
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Hungary
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Iceland
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

India
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia

Indian Ocean
All, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans

Indonesia
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Iran
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Iraq
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Ireland
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Isle of Man
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Israel
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Italy
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Jamaica
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Jan Mayen
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Japan
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Jersey
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Jordan
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Kazakhstan
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia

Kenya
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Kiribati
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Korea, North
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Korea, South
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Kosovo
All, Europe

Kuwait
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Kyrgyzstan
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia

Laos
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Latvia
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Lebanon
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Lesotho
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Liberia
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Libya
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa

Liechtenstein
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Lithuania
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Luxembourg
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union,
Europe

Macau
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Macedonia
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Madagascar
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Malawi
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Malaysia
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Maldives
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia

Mali
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Malta
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Marshall Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Mauritania
All, NESA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Mauritius
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Mayotte
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Africa

Mexico
All, APLAA, South America/Meso America, North America

Micronesia, Federated States of
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania,
Australia - Oceania

Moldova
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Europe

Monaco
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Mongolia
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Montenegro
All, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Montserrat
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Morocco
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa

Mozambique
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Namibia
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Nauru
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Navassa Island
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Nepal
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia

Netherlands
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union,
Europe

New Caledonia
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Australia -
Oceania

New Zealand
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Nicaragua
All, APLAA, South America/Meso America, Central America

Niger
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Nigeria
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Niue
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Norfolk Island
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Northern Mariana Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia -
Oceania

Norway
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Oman
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Pacific Ocean
All, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans

Pakistan
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia

Palau
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Panama
All, APLAA, South America/Meso America, Central America

Papua New Guinea
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Paracel Islands
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Paraguay
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Peru
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Philippines
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Pitcairn Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Poland
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Portugal
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union,
Europe

Puerto Rico
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Qatar
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Romania
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Russia
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia

Rwanda
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Saint Barthelemy
All, Central America

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
All, APLAA,
Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Saint Kitts and Nevis
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central
America

Saint Lucia
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Saint Martin
All, Central America

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies,
North America

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
All, APLAA, North
America/Caribbean, Central America

Samoa
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

San Marino
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Sao Tome and Principe
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Saudi Arabia
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Senegal
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Serbia
All, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Seychelles
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Sierra Leone
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Singapore
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Slovakia
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Slovenia
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Solomon Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Somalia
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

South Africa
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
All, APLAA, South
America/Global

Southern Ocean
All, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans

Spain
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Spratly Islands
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Sri Lanka
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia

Sudan
All, NESA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Suriname
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Svalbard
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Swaziland
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Sweden
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Switzerland
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Syria
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Taiwan
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Tajikistan
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia

Tanzania
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Thailand
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Timor-Leste
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Togo
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Tokelau
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Tonga
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Trinidad and Tobago
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central
America

Tunisia
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa

Turkey
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Middle East

Turkmenistan
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia

Turks and Caicos Islands
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean,
Central America

Tuvalu
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Uganda
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Ukraine
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Europe

United Arab Emirates
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

United Kingdom
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European
Union, Europe

United States
All, APLAA, Eurasia/North America, North America

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
All, Australia -
Oceania

Uruguay
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Uzbekistan
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia

Vanuatu
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Venezuela
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Vietnam
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Virgin Islands
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Wake Island
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Wallis and Futuna
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Australia -
Oceania

West Bank
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Western Sahara
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa

World
All, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans

Yemen
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Zambia
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Zimbabwe
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

======================================================================

@2142

Field Listing :: Country name

This entry includes all forms of the country's name approved by the
US Board on Geographic Names (Italy is used as an example):
conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form
(Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form
(Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as the abbreviation.
Also see the Terminology note.
Country

Country name

Afghanistan
conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
conventional short form: Afghanistan
local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Afghanestan
local short form: Afghanestan
former: Republic of Afghanistan

Akrotiri
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Akrotiri

Albania
conventional long form: Republic of Albania
conventional short form: Albania
local long form: Republika e Shqiperise
local short form: Shqiperia
former: People's Socialist Republic of Albania

Algeria
conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic of
Algeria
conventional short form: Algeria
local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash
Sha'biyah
local short form: Al Jaza'ir

American Samoa
conventional long form: Territory of American Samoa
conventional short form: American Samoa
abbreviation: AS

Andorra
conventional long form: Principality of Andorra
conventional short form: Andorra
local long form: Principat d'Andorra
local short form: Andorra

Angola
conventional long form: Republic of Angola
conventional short form: Angola
local long form: Republica de Angola
local short form: Angola
former: People's Republic of Angola

Anguilla
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Anguilla

Antarctica
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Antarctica

Antigua and Barbuda
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda

Argentina
conventional long form: Argentine Republic
conventional short form: Argentina
local long form: Republica Argentina
local short form: Argentina

Armenia
conventional long form: Republic of Armenia
conventional short form: Armenia
local long form: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun
local short form: Hayastan
former: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic

Aruba
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Aruba

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
conventional long form: Territory of
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands

Australia
conventional long form: Commonwealth of Australia
conventional short form: Australia

Austria
conventional long form: Republic of Austria
conventional short form: Austria
local long form: Republik Oesterreich
local short form: Oesterreich

Azerbaijan
conventional long form: Republic of Azerbaijan
conventional short form: Azerbaijan
local long form: Azarbaycan Respublikasi
local short form: Azarbaycan
former: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic

Bahamas, The
conventional long form: Commonwealth of The Bahamas
conventional short form: The Bahamas

Bahrain
conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain
conventional short form: Bahrain
local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn
local short form: Al Bahrayn
former: Dilmun

Bangladesh
conventional long form: People's Republic of Bangladesh
conventional short form: Bangladesh
local long form: Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh
local short form:
former: East Bengal, East Pakistan

Barbados
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Barbados

Belarus
conventional long form: Republic of Belarus
conventional short form: Belarus
local long form: Respublika Byelarus'
local short form: Byelarus'
former: Belorussian (Byelorussian) Soviet Socialist Republic

Belgium
conventional long form: Kingdom of Belgium
conventional short form: Belgium
local long form: Royaume de Belgique/Koninkrijk Belgie
local short form: Belgique/Belgie

Belize
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Belize
former: British Honduras

Benin
conventional long form: Republic of Benin
conventional short form: Benin
local long form: Republique du Benin
local short form: Benin
former: Dahomey

Bermuda
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Bermuda
former: Somers Islands

Bhutan
conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan
conventional short form: Bhutan
local long form: Druk Gyalkhap
local short form: Druk Yul

Bolivia
conventional long form: Plurinational State of Bolivia
conventional short form: Bolivia
local long form: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia
local short form: Bolivia

Bosnia and Herzegovina
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Bosnia and Herzegovina
local long form: none
local short form: Bosna i Hercegovina
former: People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Socialist
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Botswana
conventional long form: Republic of Botswana
conventional short form: Botswana
local long form: Republic of Botswana
local short form: Botswana
former: Bechuanaland

Bouvet Island
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Bouvet Island

Brazil
conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil
conventional short form: Brazil
local long form: Republica Federativa do Brasil
local short form: Brasil

British Indian Ocean Territory
conventional long form: British
Indian Ocean Territory
conventional short form: none
abbreviation: BIOT

British Virgin Islands
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: British Virgin Islands
abbreviation: BVI

Brunei
conventional long form: Brunei Darussalam
conventional short form: Brunei
local long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam
local short form: Brunei

Bulgaria
conventional long form: Republic of Bulgaria
conventional short form: Bulgaria
local long form: Republika Balgariya
local short form: Balgariya

Burkina Faso
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Burkina Faso
local long form: none
local short form: Burkina Faso
former: Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta

Burma
conventional long form: Union of Burma
conventional short form: Burma
local long form: Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (translated by the
US Government as Union of Myanma and by the Burmese as Union of
Myanmar)
local short form: Myanma Naingngandaw
former: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma
note: since 1989 the military authorities in Burma have promoted the
name Myanmar as a conventional name for their state; the US
Government did not adopt the name, which is a derivative of the
Burmese short-form name Myanma Naingngandaw

Burundi
conventional long form: Republic of Burundi
conventional short form: Burundi
local long form: Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi
local short form: Burundi
former: Urundi

Cambodia
conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia
conventional short form: Cambodia
local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic
pronunciation)
local short form: Kampuchea
former: Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of
Kampuchea, State of Cambodia

Cameroon
conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon
conventional short form: Cameroon
local long form: Republique du Cameroun/Republic of Cameroon
local short form: Cameroun/Cameroon
former: French Cameroon, British Cameroon, Federal Republic of
Cameroon, United Republic of Cameroon

Canada
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Canada

Cape Verde
conventional long form: Republic of Cape Verde
conventional short form: Cape Verde
local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde
local short form: Cabo Verde

Cayman Islands
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Cayman Islands

Central African Republic
conventional long form: Central African
Republic
conventional short form: none
local long form: Republique Centrafricaine
local short form: none
former: Ubangi-Shari, Central African Empire
abbreviation: CAR

Chad
conventional long form: Republic of Chad
conventional short form: Chad
local long form: Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad
local short form: Tchad/Tshad

Chile
conventional long form: Republic of Chile
conventional short form: Chile
local long form: Republica de Chile
local short form: Chile

China
conventional long form: People's Republic of China
conventional short form: China
local long form: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo
local short form: Zhongguo
abbreviation: PRC

Christmas Island
conventional long form: Territory of Christmas
Island
conventional short form: Christmas Island

Clipperton Island
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Clipperton Island
local long form: none
local short form: Ile Clipperton
former: sometimes called Ile de la Passion

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
conventional long form: Territory of Cocos
(Keeling) Islands
conventional short form: Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Colombia
conventional long form: Republic of Colombia
conventional short form: Colombia
local long form: Republica de Colombia
local short form: Colombia

Comoros
conventional long form: Union of the Comoros
conventional short form: Comoros
local long form: Udzima wa Komori (Comorian); Union des Comores
(French); Jumhuriyat al Qamar al Muttahidah (Arabic)
local short form: Komori (Comorian); Comores (French); Juzur al
Qamar (Arabic)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
conventional long form: Democratic
Republic of the Congo
conventional short form: DRC
local long form: Republique Democratique du Congo
local short form: RDC
former: Congo Free State, Belgian Congo, Congo/Leopoldville,
Congo/Kinshasa, Zaire
abbreviation: DRC

Congo, Republic of the
conventional long form: Republic of the Congo
conventional short form: Congo (Brazzaville)
local long form: Republique du Congo
local short form: none
former: Middle Congo, Congo/Brazzaville, Congo

Cook Islands
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Cook Islands
former: Harvey Islands

Coral Sea Islands
conventional long form: Coral Sea Islands Territory
conventional short form: Coral Sea Islands

Costa Rica
conventional long form: Republic of Costa Rica
conventional short form: Costa Rica
local long form: Republica de Costa Rica
local short form: Costa Rica

Cote d'Ivoire
conventional long form: Republic of Cote d'Ivoire
conventional short form: Cote d'Ivoire
local long form: Republique de Cote d'Ivoire
local short form: Cote d'Ivoire
note: pronounced coat-div-whar
former: Ivory Coast

Croatia
conventional long form: Republic of Croatia
conventional short form: Croatia
local long form: Republika Hrvatska
local short form: Hrvatska
former: People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia

Cuba
conventional long form: Republic of Cuba
conventional short form: Cuba
local long form: Republica de Cuba
local short form: Cuba

Curacao
Dutch long form: Land Curacao
Dutch short form: Curacao
Papiamentu long form: Pais Korsou
Papiamentu short form: Korsou
former: Netherlands Antilles; Curacao and Dependencies

Cyprus
conventional long form: Republic of Cyprus
conventional short form: Cyprus
local long form: Kypriaki Dimokratia/Kibris Cumhuriyeti
local short form: Kypros/Kibris
note: the Turkish Cypriot community, which administers the northern
part of the island, refers to itself as the "Turkish Republic of
Northern Cyprus" ("TRNC")

Czech Republic
conventional long form: Czech Republic
conventional short form: Czech Republic
local long form: Ceska Republika
local short form: Cesko

Denmark
conventional long form: Kingdom of Denmark
conventional short form: Denmark
local long form: Kongeriget Danmark
local short form: Danmark

Dhekelia
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Dhekelia

Djibouti
conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti
conventional short form: Djibouti
local long form: Republique de Djibouti/Jumhuriyat Jibuti
local short form: Djibouti/Jibuti
former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland

Dominica
conventional long form: Commonwealth of Dominica
conventional short form: Dominica

Dominican Republic
conventional long form: Dominican Republic
conventional short form: The Dominican
local long form: Republica Dominicana
local short form: La Dominicana

Ecuador
conventional long form: Republic of Ecuador
conventional short form: Ecuador
local long form: Republica del Ecuador
local short form: Ecuador

Egypt
conventional long form: Arab Republic of Egypt
conventional short form: Egypt
local long form: Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah
local short form: Misr
former: United Arab Republic (with Syria)

El Salvador
conventional long form: Republic of El Salvador
conventional short form: El Salvador
local long form: Republica de El Salvador
local short form: El Salvador

Equatorial Guinea
conventional long form: Republic of Equatorial
Guinea
conventional short form: Equatorial Guinea
local long form: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial/Republique de Guinee
equatoriale
local short form: Guinea Ecuatorial/Guinee equatoriale
former: Spanish Guinea

Eritrea
conventional long form: State of Eritrea
conventional short form: Eritrea
local long form: Hagere Ertra
local short form: Ertra
former: Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia

Estonia
conventional long form: Republic of Estonia
conventional short form: Estonia
local long form: Eesti Vabariik
local short form: Eesti
former: Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

Ethiopia
conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic of
Ethiopia
conventional short form: Ethiopia
local long form: Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik
local short form: Ityop'iya
former: Abyssinia, Italian East Africa
abbreviation: FDRE

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Faroe Islands
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Faroe Islands
local long form: none
local short form: Foroyar

Fiji
conventional long form: Republic of the Fiji Islands
conventional short form: Fiji
local long form: Republic of the Fiji Islands/Matanitu ko Viti
local short form: Fiji/Viti

Finland
conventional long form: Republic of Finland
conventional short form: Finland
local long form: Suomen tasavalta/Republiken Finland
local short form: Suomi/Finland

France
conventional long form: French Republic
conventional short form: France
local long form: Republique francaise
local short form: France

French Polynesia
conventional long form: Overseas Lands of French
Polynesia
conventional short form: French Polynesia
local long form: Pays d'outre-mer de la Polynesie Francaise
local short form: Polynesie Francaise
former: French Colony of Oceania

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
conventional long form:
Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands
local long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques
Francaises
local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises
abbreviation: TAAF

Gabon
conventional long form: Gabonese Republic
conventional short form: Gabon
local long form: Republique Gabonaise
local short form: Gabon

Gambia, The
conventional long form: Republic of The Gambia
conventional short form: The Gambia

Gaza Strip
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Gaza Strip
local long form: none
local short form: Qita' Ghazzah

Georgia
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Georgia
local long form: none
local short form: Sak'art'velo
former: Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic

Germany
conventional long form: Federal Republic of Germany
conventional short form: Germany
local long form: Bundesrepublik Deutschland
local short form: Deutschland
former: German Empire, German Republic, German Reich

Ghana
conventional long form: Republic of Ghana
conventional short form: Ghana
former: Gold Coast

Gibraltar
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Gibraltar

Greece
conventional long form: Hellenic Republic
conventional short form: Greece
local long form: Elliniki Dhimokratia
local short form: Ellas or Ellada
former: Kingdom of Greece

Greenland
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Greenland
local long form: none
local short form: Kalaallit Nunaat

Grenada
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Grenada

Guam
conventional long form: Territory of Guam
conventional short form: Guam
local long form: Guahan
local short form: Guahan

Guatemala
conventional long form: Republic of Guatemala
conventional short form: Guatemala
local long form: Republica de Guatemala
local short form: Guatemala

Guernsey
conventional long form: Bailiwick of Guernsey
conventional short form: Guernsey

Guinea
conventional long form: Republic of Guinea
conventional short form: Guinea
local long form: Republique de Guinee
local short form: Guinee
former: French Guinea

Guinea-Bissau
conventional long form: Republic of Guinea-Bissau
conventional short form: Guinea-Bissau
local long form: Republica da Guine-Bissau
local short form: Guine-Bissau
former: Portuguese Guinea

Guyana
conventional long form: Cooperative Republic of Guyana
conventional short form: Guyana
former: British Guiana

Haiti
conventional long form: Republic of Haiti
conventional short form: Haiti
local long form: Republique d'Haiti/Repiblik d' Ayiti
local short form: Haiti/Ayiti

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
conventional long form: Territory
of Heard Island and McDonald Islands
conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands
abbreviation: HIMI

Holy See (Vatican City)
conventional long form: The Holy See (State
of the Vatican City)
conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City)
local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano)
local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)

Honduras
conventional long form: Republic of Honduras
conventional short form: Honduras
local long form: Republica de Honduras
local short form: Honduras

Hong Kong
conventional long form: Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
conventional short form: Hong Kong
local long form: Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu
local short form: Xianggang
abbreviation: HK

Hungary
conventional long form: Republic of Hungary
conventional short form: Hungary
local long form: Magyar Koztarsasag
local short form: Magyarorszag

Iceland
conventional long form: Republic of Iceland
conventional short form: Iceland
local long form: Lydveldid Island
local short form: Island

India
conventional long form: Republic of India
conventional short form: India
local long form: Republic of India/Bharatiya Ganarajya
local short form: India/Bharat

Indonesia
conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia
conventional short form: Indonesia
local long form: Republik Indonesia
local short form: Indonesia
former: Netherlands East Indies, Dutch East Indies

Iran
conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Iran
conventional short form: Iran
local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran
local short form: Iran
former: Persia

Iraq
conventional long form: Republic of Iraq
conventional short form: Iraq
local long form: Jumhuriyat al-Iraq
local short form: Al Iraq

Ireland
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Ireland
local long form: none
local short form: Eire

Isle of Man
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Isle of Man
abbreviation: I.O.M.

Israel
conventional long form: State of Israel
conventional short form: Israel
local long form: Medinat Yisra'el
local short form: Yisra'el

Italy
conventional long form: Italian Republic
conventional short form: Italy
local long form: Repubblica Italiana
local short form: Italia
former: Kingdom of Italy

Jamaica
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Jamaica

Jan Mayen
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Jan Mayen

Japan
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Japan
local long form: Nihon-koku/Nippon-koku
local short form: Nihon/Nippon

Jersey
conventional long form: Bailiwick of Jersey
conventional short form: Jersey

Jordan
conventional long form: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
conventional short form: Jordan
local long form: Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah
local short form: Al Urdun
former: Transjordan

Kazakhstan
conventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstan
conventional short form: Kazakhstan
local long form: Qazaqstan Respublikasy
local short form: Qazaqstan
former: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

Kenya
conventional long form: Republic of Kenya
conventional short form: Kenya
local long form: Republic of Kenya/Jamhuri ya Kenya
local short form: Kenya
former: British East Africa

Kiribati
conventional long form: Republic of Kiribati
conventional short form: Kiribati
local long form: Republic of Kiribati
local short form: Kiribati
note: pronounced keer-ree-bahss
former: Gilbert Islands

Korea, North
conventional long form: Democratic People's Republic of
Korea
conventional short form: North Korea
local long form: Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguk
local short form: Choson
abbreviation: DPRK

Korea, South
conventional long form: Republic of Korea
conventional short form: South Korea
local long form: Taehan-min'guk
local short form: Han'guk
abbreviation: ROK

Kosovo
conventional long form: Republic of Kosovo
conventional short form: Kosovo
local long form: Republika e Kosoves (Republika Kosovo)
local short form: Kosova (Kosovo)

Kuwait
conventional long form: State of Kuwait
conventional short form: Kuwait
local long form: Dawlat al Kuwayt
local short form: Al Kuwayt

Kyrgyzstan
conventional long form: Kyrgyz Republic
conventional short form: Kyrgyzstan
local long form: Kyrgyz Respublikasy
local short form: Kyrgyzstan
former: Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic

Laos
conventional long form: Lao People's Democratic Republic
conventional short form: Laos
local long form: Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao
local short form: Pathet Lao (unofficial)

Latvia
conventional long form: Republic of Latvia
conventional short form: Latvia
local long form: Latvijas Republika
local short form: Latvija
former: Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic

Lebanon
conventional long form: Lebanese Republic
conventional short form: Lebanon
local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah
local short form: Lubnan
former: Greater Lebanon

Lesotho
conventional long form: Kingdom of Lesotho
conventional short form: Lesotho
local long form: Kingdom of Lesotho
local short form: Lesotho
former: Basutoland

Liberia
conventional long form: Republic of Liberia
conventional short form: Liberia

Libya
conventional long form: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab
Jamahiriya
conventional short form: Libya
local long form: Al Jamahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah
al Ishtirakiyah al Uthma
local short form: none

Liechtenstein
conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein
conventional short form: Liechtenstein
local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein
local short form: Liechtenstein

Lithuania
conventional long form: Republic of Lithuania
conventional short form: Lithuania
local long form: Lietuvos Respublika
local short form: Lietuva
former: Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic

Luxembourg
conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
conventional short form: Luxembourg
local long form: Grand Duche de Luxembourg
local short form: Luxembourg

Macau
conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region
conventional short form: Macau
local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao
Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese)
local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)

Macedonia
conventional long form: Republic of Macedonia
conventional short form: Macedonia
local long form: Republika Makedonija
local short form: Makedonija
note: the provisional designation used by the UN, EU, and NATO is
the "former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (FYROM)
former: People's Republic of Macedonia, Socialist Republic of
Macedonia

Madagascar
conventional long form: Republic of Madagascar
conventional short form: Madagascar
local long form: Republique de Madagascar/Repoblikan'i Madagasikara
local short form: Madagascar/Madagasikara
former: Malagasy Republic

Malawi
conventional long form: Republic of Malawi
conventional short form: Malawi
local long form: Dziko la Malawi
local short form: Malawi
former: British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland
Protectorate, Nyasaland

Malaysia
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Malaysia
local long form: none
local short form: Malaysia
former: Federation of Malaya

Maldives
conventional long form: Republic of Maldives
conventional short form: Maldives
local long form: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa
local short form: Dhivehi Raajje

Mali
conventional long form: Republic of Mali
conventional short form: Mali
local long form: Republique de Mali
local short form: Mali
former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic

Malta
conventional long form: Republic of Malta
conventional short form: Malta
local long form: Repubblika ta' Malta
local short form: Malta

Marshall Islands
conventional long form: Republic of the Marshall
Islands
conventional short form: Marshall Islands
local long form: Republic of the Marshall Islands
local short form: Marshall Islands
abbreviation: RMI
former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Marshall Islands
District

Mauritania
conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Mauritania
conventional short form: Mauritania
local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Islamiyah al Muritaniyah
local short form: Muritaniyah

Mauritius
conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius
conventional short form: Mauritius
local long form: Republic of Mauritius
local short form: Mauritius

Mayotte
conventional long form: Department Collectivity of Mayotte
conventional short form: Mayotte

Mexico
conventional long form: United Mexican States
conventional short form: Mexico
local long form: Estados Unidos Mexicanos
local short form: Mexico

Micronesia, Federated States of
conventional long form: Federated
States of Micronesia
conventional short form: none
local long form: Federated States of Micronesia
local short form: none
former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Ponape, Truk, and
Yap Districts
abbreviation: FSM

Moldova
conventional long form: Republic of Moldova
conventional short form: Moldova
local long form: Republica Moldova
local short form: Moldova
former: Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldovan Soviet
Socialist Republic

Monaco
conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
conventional short form: Monaco
local long form: Principaute de Monaco
local short form: Monaco

Mongolia
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Mongolia
local long form: none
local short form: Mongol Uls
former: Outer Mongolia

Montenegro
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Montenegro
local long form: none
local short form: Crna Gora
former: People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of
Montenegro, Republic of Montenegro

Montserrat
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Montserrat

Morocco
conventional long form: Kingdom of Morocco
conventional short form: Morocco
local long form: Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah
local short form: Al Maghrib

Mozambique
conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique
conventional short form: Mozambique
local long form: Republica de Mocambique
local short form: Mocambique
former: Portuguese East Africa

Namibia
conventional long form: Republic of Namibia
conventional short form: Namibia
local long form: Republic of Namibia
local short form: Namibia
former: German Southwest Africa, South-West Africa

Nauru
conventional long form: Republic of Nauru
conventional short form: Nauru
local long form: Republic of Nauru
local short form: Nauru
former: Pleasant Island

Navassa Island
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Navassa Island

Nepal
conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
conventional short form: Nepal
local long form: Sanghiya Loktantrik Ganatantra Nepal
local short form: Nepal

Netherlands
conventional long form: Kingdom of the Netherlands
conventional short form: Netherlands
local long form: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden
local short form: Nederland

New Caledonia
conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and
Dependencies
conventional short form: New Caledonia
local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances
local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie

New Zealand
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: New Zealand
abbreviation: NZ

Nicaragua
conventional long form: Republic of Nicaragua
conventional short form: Nicaragua
local long form: Republica de Nicaragua
local short form: Nicaragua

Niger
conventional long form: Republic of Niger
conventional short form: Niger
local long form: Republique du Niger
local short form: Niger

Nigeria
conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria
conventional short form: Nigeria

Niue
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Niue
note: pronunciation falls between nyu-way and new-way, but not like
new-wee
former: Savage Island

Norfolk Island
conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island
conventional short form: Norfolk Island

Northern Mariana Islands
conventional long form: Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands
conventional short form: Northern Mariana Islands
abbreviation: CNMI
former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Mariana Islands
District

Norway
conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway
conventional short form: Norway
local long form: Kongeriket Norge
local short form: Norge

Oman
conventional long form: Sultanate of Oman
conventional short form: Oman
local long form: Saltanat Uman
local short form: Uman
former: Muscat and Oman

Pakistan
conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistan
conventional short form: Pakistan
local long form: Jamhuryat Islami Pakistan
local short form: Pakistan
former: West Pakistan

Palau
conventional long form: Republic of Palau
conventional short form: Palau
local long form: Beluu er a Belau
local short form: Belau
former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Palau District

Panama
conventional long form: Republic of Panama
conventional short form: Panama
local long form: Republica de Panama
local short form: Panama

Papua New Guinea
conventional long form: Independent State of Papua
New Guinea
conventional short form: Papua New Guinea
local short form: Papuaniugini
former: Territory of Papua and New Guinea
abbreviation: PNG

Paracel Islands
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Paracel Islands

Paraguay
conventional long form: Republic of Paraguay
conventional short form: Paraguay
local long form: Republica del Paraguay
local short form: Paraguay

Peru
conventional long form: Republic of Peru
conventional short form: Peru
local long form: Republica del Peru
local short form: Peru

Philippines
conventional long form: Republic of the Philippines
conventional short form: Philippines
local long form: Republika ng Pilipinas
local short form: Pilipinas

Pitcairn Islands
conventional long form: Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie,
and Oeno Islands
conventional short form: Pitcairn Islands

Poland
conventional long form: Republic of Poland
conventional short form: Poland
local long form: Rzeczpospolita Polska
local short form: Polska

Portugal
conventional long form: Portuguese Republic
conventional short form: Portugal
local long form: Republica Portuguesa
local short form: Portugal

Puerto Rico
conventional long form: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
conventional short form: Puerto Rico

Qatar
conventional long form: State of Qatar
conventional short form: Qatar
local long form: Dawlat Qatar
local short form: Qatar
note: closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls
between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar

Romania
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Romania
local long form: none
local short form: Romania

Russia
conventional long form: Russian Federation
conventional short form: Russia
local long form: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya
local short form: Rossiya
former: Russian Empire, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

Rwanda
conventional long form: Republic of Rwanda
conventional short form: Rwanda
local long form: Republika y'u Rwanda
local short form: Rwanda
former: Ruanda, German East Africa

Saint Barthelemy
conventional long form: Overseas Collectivity of
Saint Barthelemy
conventional short form: Saint Barthelemy
local long form: Collectivite d'outre mer de Saint-Barthelemy
local short form: Saint-Barthelemy

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
conventional long
form: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
conventional short form: none

Saint Kitts and Nevis
conventional long form: Federation of Saint
Kitts and Nevis
conventional short form: Saint Kitts and Nevis
former: Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis

Saint Lucia
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Saint Lucia

Saint Martin
conventional long form: Overseas Collectivity of Saint
Martin
conventional short form: Saint Martin
local long form: Collectivity d'outre mer de Saint-Martin
local short form: Saint-Martin

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
conventional long form: Territorial
Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon
local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Samoa
conventional long form: Independent State of Samoa
conventional short form: Samoa
local long form: Malo Sa'oloto Tuto'atasi o Samoa
local short form: Samoa
former: Western Samoa

San Marino
conventional long form: Republic of San Marino
conventional short form: San Marino
local long form: Repubblica di San Marino
local short form: San Marino

Sao Tome and Principe
conventional long form: Democratic Republic of
Sao Tome and Principe
conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe
local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe
local short form: Sao Tome e Principe

Saudi Arabia
conventional long form: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
conventional short form: Saudi Arabia
local long form: Al Mamlakah al Arabiyah as Suudiyah
local short form: Al Arabiyah as Suudiyah

Senegal
conventional long form: Republic of Senegal
conventional short form: Senegal
local long form: Republique du Senegal
local short form: Senegal
former: Senegambia (along with The Gambia), Mali Federation

Serbia
conventional long form: Republic of Serbia
conventional short form: Serbia
local long form: Republika Srbija
local short form: Srbija
former: People's Republic of Serbia, Socialist Republic of Serbia

Seychelles
conventional long form: Republic of Seychelles
conventional short form: Seychelles
local long form: Republic of Seychelles
local short form: Seychelles

Sierra Leone
conventional long form: Republic of Sierra Leone
conventional short form: Sierra Leone
local long form: Republic of Sierra Leone
local short form: Sierra Leone

Singapore
conventional long form: Republic of Singapore
conventional short form: Singapore
local long form: Republic of Singapore
local short form: Singapore

Sint Maarten
Dutch long form: Land Sint Maarten
Dutch short form: Sint Maarten
English long form: Country of Sint Maarten
English short form: Sint Maarten
former: Netherlands Antilles; Curacao and Dependencies

Slovakia
conventional long form: Slovak Republic
conventional short form: Slovakia
local long form: Slovenska Republika
local short form: Slovensko

Slovenia
conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia
conventional short form: Slovenia
local long form: Republika Slovenija
local short form: Slovenija
former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia

Solomon Islands
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Solomon Islands
local long form: none
local short form: Solomon Islands
former: British Solomon Islands

Somalia
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Somalia
local long form: Jamhuuriyada Demuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed
local short form: Soomaaliya
former: Somali Republic, Somali Democratic Republic

South Africa
conventional long form: Republic of South Africa
conventional short form: South Africa
former: Union of South Africa
abbreviation: RSA

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
conventional long form:
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
conventional short form: South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
abbreviation: SGSSI

Spain
conventional long form: Kingdom of Spain
conventional short form: Spain
local long form: Reino de Espana
local short form: Espana

Spratly Islands
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Spratly Islands

Sri Lanka
conventional long form: Democratic Socialist Republic of
Sri Lanka
conventional short form: Sri Lanka
local long form: Shri Lamka Prajatantrika Samajaya di
Janarajaya/Ilankai Jananayaka Choshalichak Kutiyarachu
local short form: Shri Lamka/Ilankai
former: Serendib, Ceylon

Sudan
conventional long form: Republic of the Sudan
conventional short form: Sudan
local long form: Jumhuriyat as-Sudan
local short form: As-Sudan
former: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

Suriname
conventional long form: Republic of Suriname
conventional short form: Suriname
local long form: Republiek Suriname
local short form: Suriname
former: Netherlands Guiana, Dutch Guiana

Svalbard
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as
Spitzbergen)

Swaziland
conventional long form: Kingdom of Swaziland
conventional short form: Swaziland
local long form: Umbuso weSwatini
local short form: eSwatini

Sweden
conventional long form: Kingdom of Sweden
conventional short form: Sweden
local long form: Konungariket Sverige
local short form: Sverige

Switzerland
conventional long form: Swiss Confederation
conventional short form: Switzerland
local long form: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German);
Confederation Suisse (French); Confederazione Svizzera (Italian);
Confederaziun Svizra (Romansh)
local short form: Schweiz (German); Suisse (French); Svizzera
(Italian); Svizra (Romansh)

Syria
conventional long form: Syrian Arab Republic
conventional short form: Syria
local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Arabiyah as Suriyah
local short form: Suriyah
former: United Arab Republic (with Egypt)