Chapter M: Major infectious diseases (138)

Bulgaria
Agrarian National Union or ANU [Stefan LICHEV]; ATAKA
(Attack party) [Volen SIDEROV]; Blue Coalition [Ivan KOSTOV and
Martin DIMITROV] (a coalition of center-right parties dominated by
UDF and DSB); Bulgarian New Democracy [Borislav RALCHEV]; Bulgarian
Socialist Party or BSP [Sergei STANISHEV]; Citizens for the European
Development of Bulgaria or GERB [Boyko BORISSOV]; Coalition for
Bulgaria or CfB [Sergei STANISHEV] (coalition of parties dominated
by BSP); Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Ivan KOSTOV];
Gergyovden [Petar STOYANOVICH]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary
Organization or IMRO [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV]; Liberal Initiative for
Democratic European Development or LIDER [Khristo KOVACHKI];
Movement for Rights and Freedoms or MRF [Ahmed DOGAN]; National
Movement for Stability and Progress or NDSV [Hristina HRISTOVA]
(formerly National Movement Simeon II or NMS2); New Time [Emil
KOSHLUKOV]; Order, Law, Justice or RZS [Yane YANEV]; Union of
Democratic Forces or UDF [Martin DIMITROV]; Union of Free Democrats
or UFD [Stefan SOFIYANSKI]; United Agrarians [Anastasia MOZER]

Burkina Faso
African Democratic Rally-Alliance for Democracy and
Federation or ADF-RDA [Gilbert OUEDRAOGO]; Citizen's Popular Rally
or RPC [Antoine QUARE]; Coalition of Democratic Forces of Burkina or
CFD-B [Amadou Diemdioda DICKO]; Congress for Democracy and Progress
or CDP [Roch Marc-Christian KABORE]; Democratic and Popular Rally or
RDP [Nana THIBAUT]; Movement for Tolerance and Progress or MTP
[Nayabtigungou Congo KABORE]; Party for African Independence or PAI
[Soumane TOURE]; Party for Democracy and Progress-Socialist Party or
PDP-PS [Ali LANKOANDE]; Party for Democracy and Socialism or PDS
[Felix SOUBEIGA]; Party for National Rebirth or PAREN [Jeanne
TRAORE]; Rally for the Development of Burkina or RDB [Antoine
KARGOUGOU]; Rally of Ecologists of Burkina Faso or RDEB [Ram
OUEDRAGO]; Republican Party for Integration and Solidarity or PARIS;
Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Fidele HIEN]; Union
for Rebirth - Sankarist Movement or UNIR-MS [Benewende STANISLAS];
Union for the Republic or UPR [Toussaint Abel COULIBALY]; Union of
Sankarist Parties or UPS [Ernest Nongma OUEDRAOGO]

Burma
All Mon Region Democracy Party or AMRDP; National Democratic
Force or NDF [KHIN MAUNG SWE]; National League for Democracy or NLD
[AUNG SHWE, AUNG SAN SUU KYI]; note - the party is defunct because
it did not register for the 2010 election; National Unity Party or
NUP [TUN YE]; Rakhine Nationalities Development Party or RNDP; Shan
Nationalities League for Democracy or SNLD [HKUN HTUN OO]; Union
Solidarity and Development Party or USDP [THEIN SEIN]; numerous
smaller parties

Burundi
governing parties: Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU
[Leonce NGENDAKUMANA]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy
- Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Jeremie
NGENDAKUMANA]; Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Bonaventure
NIYOYANKANA]
note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are:
National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD [Leonard
NYANGOMA]; National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of
the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party
for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]

Cambodia
Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; Human Rights
Party or HRP [KHEM SOKHA, also spelled KEM SOKHA]; National United
Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative
Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [KEV PUT REAKSMEI]; Nationalist Party or NP
[CHHIM SEAK LENG] (formerly the NRP); Sam Rangsi Party or SRP [SAM
RANGSI, also spelled SAM RAINSY]

Cameroon
Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA];
Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA]; Movement
for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movement
for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel
YONDO]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari
BELLO BOUBA]; Progressive Movement or MP; Social Democratic Front or
SDF [John FRU NDI]; Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [Augustin
Frederic KODOCK]

Canada
Bloc Quebecois [Gilles DUCEPPE]; Conservative Party of Canada
[Stephen HARPER] (a merger of the Canadian Alliance and the
Progressive Conservative Party); Green Party [Elizabeth MAY];
Liberal Party [Michael IGNATIEFF]; New Democratic Party [Jack LAYTON]

Cape Verde
African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV
[Jose Maria Pereira NEVES, chairman]; Democratic and Independent
Cape Verdean Union or UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO]; Democratic Christian
Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES]; Democratic Renovation Party or PRD
[Victor FIDALGO]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Jorge SANTOS];
Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO]; Party
of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Isaias RODRIGUES]; Social Democratic
Party or PSD [Joao ALEM]

Cayman Islands
People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Kurt TIBBETTS];
United Democratic Party or UDP [McKeeva BUSH]

Central African Republic
Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP
[Jacques MBOLIEDAS]; Central African Democratic Rally or RDC [Andre
KOLINGBA]; Civic Forum or FC [Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA]; Democratic
Forum for Modernity or FODEM [Charles MASSI]; Liberal Democratic
Party or PLD [Nestor KOMBO-NAGUEMON]; Londo Association or LONDO;
Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD [David DACKO];
Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC
[Ange-Felix PATASSE] (the party of deposed president); National
Convergence or KNK; National Unity Party or PUN [Jean-Paul
NGOUPANDE]; Patriotic Front for Progress or FPP [Abel GOUMBA];
People's Union for the Republic or UPR [Pierre Sammy MAKFOY]; Social
Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE]

Chad
Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR];
National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Delwa Kassire
KOUMAKOYE]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh
KEBZABO]; Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ibni Oumar
Mahamat SALEH]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh
AHMAT, chairman]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol
Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal
Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]

Chile
Broad Social Movement or MAS; Clean Chile Vote Happy or CLVF
(including Broad Social Movement, Country Force, and Regionalist
Party of Independents or PRI); Coalition for Change or CC (formerly
known as the Alliance for Chile (Alianza) or APC) (including
National Renewal or RN [Carlos LARRAIN Pena], Independent Democratic
Union or UDI [Juan Antonio COLOMA Correa], and Chile First [Vlado
MIROSEVIC]); Coalition of Parties for Democracy (Concertacion) or
CPD (including Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Ignacio WALKER],
Party for Democracy or PPD [Carolina TOHA Morales], Radical Social
Democratic Party or PRSD [Jose Antonio GOMEZ Urrutia], and Socialist
Party or PS [Osvaldo ANDRADE]); Partido Ecologista del Sur; Together
We Can Do More (including Communist Party or PC [Guillermo TEILLIER
del Valle], and Humanist Party or PH [Danilo MONTEVERDE])

China
Chinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao]; eight registered
small parties controlled by CCP

Christmas Island
none

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
none

Colombia
Alternative Democratic Pole or PDA [Clara LOPEZ];
Conservative Party or PC [Fernando ARAUJO]; Green Party [Luis
GARZON]; Liberal Party or PL [Rafael PARDO]; National Integration
Party or PIN [Angel ALIRIO Moreno]; Radical Change or CR [German
VARGAS Lleras]; Social National Unity Party or U Party [Juan
Francisco LOZANO Ramirez]
note: Colombia has seven major political parties, and numerous
smaller movements

Comoros
Camp of the Autonomous Islands or CdIA (a coalition of
parties organized by the islands' presidents in opposition to the
Union President); Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros or CRC
[AZALI Assowmani]; Front National pour la Justice or FNJ [Ahmed
RACHID] (Islamic party in opposition); Mouvement pour la Democratie
et le Progress or MDP-NGDC [Abbas DJOUSSOUF]; Parti Comorien pour la
Democratie et le Progress or PCDP [Ali MROUDJAE]; Rassemblement
National pour le Development or RND [Omar TAMOU, Abdoulhamid
AFFRAITANE]

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Christian Democrat Party or PDC
[Jose ENDUNDO]; Congolese Rally for Democracy or RCD [Azarias
RUBERWA]; Convention of Christian Democrats or CDC; Forces of
Renewal or FR [Mbusa NYAMWISI]; Movement for the Liberation of the
Congo or MLC [Jean-Pierre BEMBA]; People's Party for Reconstruction
and Democracy or PPRD [Joseph KABILA]; Social Movement for Renewal
or MSR [Pierre LUMBI]; Unified Lumumbist Party or PALU [Antoine
GIZENGA]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Etienne
TSHISEKEDI]; Union of Mobutuist Democrats or UDEMO [MOBUTU Nzanga]

Congo, Republic of the
Action Movement for Renewal or MAR; Congolese
Labour Party or PCT; Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral
Development or MCDDI [Michel MAMPOUYA]; Movement for Solidarity and
Development or MSD; Pan-African Union for Social Development or
UPADS [Martin MBERI]; Rally for Democracy and the Republic or RDR
[Raymond Damasge NGOLLO]; Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or
RDPS [Jean-Pierre Thystere TCHICAYA, president]; Rally of the
Presidential Majority or RMP; Union for Democracy and Republic or
UDR; United Democratic Forces or FDU [Sebastian EBAO]; many less
important parties

Cook Islands
Cook Islands Party or CIP [Henry PUNA]; Democratic
Party or Demo [Dr. Terepai MAOATE]

Costa Rica
Accessibility Without Exclusion or PASE [Oscar Andres
LOPEZ Arias]; Citizen Action Party or PAC [Alberto CANAS Escalante];
Costa Rican Renovation Party or PRC [Gerardo Justo OROZCO Alvarez];
Democratic Force Party or PFD [Marco GONZALEZ Nunez]; Frente Amplio
[Jose MERINO del Rio]; Homeland First or PP (Patria Primero) [Juan
Jose VARGAS Fallas]; Libertarian Movement Party or PML [Otto GUEVARA
Guth]; National Democratic Alliance or ADN [Jose Miguel VILLALOBOS
Umana]; National Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes];
National Liberation Party or PLN [Francisco Antonio PACHECO
Fernandez]; National Rescue Party or PRN [Fabio Enrique DELGADO
Hernandez]; National Union Party or PUN [Arturo ACOSTA Mora];
Patriotic Alliance [Mariano FIGUERES Olsen]; Patriotic Union or UP
[Jose Miguel CORRALES Bolanos]; Popular Vanguard [Trino BARRANTES
Araya]; Social Christian Unity Party or PUSC [Luis FISHMAN
Zonzinski]; Union for Change Party or UPC [Antonio ALVAREZ Desanti]

Cote d'Ivoire
Citizen's Democratic Union or UDCY [Theodore MEL EG];
Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire or PDCI [Henri Konan BEDIE];
Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [Pascale Affi N'GUESSAN]; Ivorian
Worker's Party or PIT [Francis WODIE]; Opposition Movement of the
Future or MFA [Innocent Augustin ANAKY]; Rally of the Republicans or
RDR [Alassane OUATTARA]; Union for Democracy and Peace in Cote
d'Ivoire or UDPCI [Toikeuse MABRI]; over 144 smaller registered
parties

Croatia
Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or
HDSSB [Vladimir SISLJAGIC]; Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ
[Jadranka KOSOR]; Croatian Party of the Right or HSP [Anto DJAPIC];
Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Josip FRISCIC]; Croatian Pensioner
Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA]; Croatian People's Party or HNS
[Radimir CACIC]; Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Darinko
KOSOR]; Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav
STANIMIROVIC]; Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC];
Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Zoran MILANOVIC]

Cuba
Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary]

Curacao
Frente Obrero Liberashon (Workers' Liberation Front) or FOL
[Anthony GODETT]; Movimentu Antiyas Nobo (New Antilles Movement) or
MAN [Charles COOPER]; Movementu Futuro Korsou or MFK [Gerrit
SCHOTTE]; Partido Antia Restruktura or PAR [Emily DE JONGH-ELHAGE];
People's National Party or PNP [Ersilia DE LANNOOY]; Pueblo Soberano
or PS [Herman WIELS]

Cyprus
area under government control: Democratic Party or DIKO
[Marios KAROYIAN]; Democratic Rally or DISY [Nikos ANASTASIADES];
European Party or EURO.KO [Demetris SYLLOURIS]; Fighting Democratic
Movement or ADIK [Dinos MIKHAILIDES]; Green Party of Cyprus [George
PERDIKIS]; Movement for Social Democrats or EDEK [Yiannakis OMIROU];
Progressive Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party)
[Andros KYPRIANOU]; United Democrats or EDI [Michalis PAPAPETROU]
area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Centrist Party or HP [Rasit
PERTEV]; Communal Democracy Party or TDP [Mehmet CAKICI]; Cyprus
Socialist Party or KSP [Yusuf ALKIM]; Democratic Party or DP
[Serdaer DENKTASH]; Freedom and Reform Party or ORP [Turgay AVCI];
National Unity Party or UBP [Dervis EROGLU]; Nationalist Justice
Party or MAP [Ata TEPE]; New Cyprus Party or YKP [Murat KANATLI];
Politics for the People Party or HIS [Ahmet YONLUER]; Republican
Turkish Party or CTP [Ferdi Sabit SOYER]; United Cyprus Party or BKP
[Izzet IZCAN]

Czech Republic
Association of Independent Candidates-European
Democrats or SNK-ED [Zdenka MARKOVA]; Christian Democratic
Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Pavel BELOBRADEK];
Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Petr NECAS]; Communist Party of
Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Vojtech FILIP]; Czech Social Democratic
Party or CSSD [Bohuslav SOBOTKA (acting)]; Green Party [Ondrej
LISKA]; Public Affairs (VV) [Radek JOHN]; Tradice Odpovednost
Prosperita 09 or TOP 09 [Karel SCHWARZENBERG]; Union of
Freedom-Democratic Union or US-DEU [Jan CERNY]

Denmark
Christian Democrats [Bjarne Hartung KIRKEGAARD] (was
Christian People's Party); Conservative Party [Lars BARFOED]
(sometimes known as Conservative People's Party); Danish People's
Party [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Alliance [Anders SAMUELSEN]
(formerly known as New Alliance); Liberal Party [Lars Loekke
RASMUSSEN]; Red-Green Unity List (Alliance) [collective leadership]
(bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party of Denmark,
Socialist Workers' Party); Social Democratic Party [Helle
THORNING-SCHMIDT]; Social Liberal Party [Margrethe VESTAGER];
Socialist People's Party [Villy SOEVNDAL]

Djibouti
Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh];
Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Djibouti
Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour la
Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD];
People's Progress Assembly or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing
party); Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon
FARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed YOUSSOUF];
Union for a Presidential Majority or UMP [Mohamed Dileita DILEITA]
(a coalition of parties including RPP, FRUD, PND, and PPSD); Union
for Democracy and Justice or UDJ

Dominica
Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; Dominica
Labor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]; Dominica United Workers
Party or UWP [Earl WILLIAMS]

Dominican Republic
Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel
FERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Ramon
ALBURQUERQUE]; National Progressive Front [Vincent CASTILLO,
Pelegrin CASTILLO]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC
[Enrique ANTUN]

Ecuador
Alianza PAIS movement [Rafael Vicente CORREA Delgado];
Christian Democratic Union or UDC [Luis ACOSTA Moreta]; Democratic
Left or ID [Dalton BACIGALUPO]; Ethical and Democratic Network or
RED [Martha ROLDOS]; Institutional Renewal and National Action Party
or PRIAN [Vicente TAIANO]; Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement -
New Country or MUPP-NP [Jorge GUAMAN Coronel]; Patriotic Society
Party or PSP [Lucio GUTIERREZ Borbua]; Popular Democratic Movement
or MPD [Luis VILLACIS]; Roldosist Party or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM
Pulley, director]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Pascual DEL
CIOPPO]; Socialist Party - Broad Front or PS-FA [Silvia SALGADO]

Egypt
Al-Geel; Democratic Peace Party; Nasserist Party [Ahmed
HASSAN]; National Democratic Party or NDP (governing party) [Mohamed
Hosni MUBARAK]; National Progressive Unionist Grouping or Tagammu
[Rifaat EL-SAID]; New Wafd Party or NWP [Sayed EL-BEDAWY]; Social
Justice Party [Mohamed Abdel Al HASAN]; Tomorrow Party [Ayman NOURI]
note: formation of political parties must be approved by the
government; only parties with representation in elected bodies are
listed

El Salvador
Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER];
Democratic Convergence or CD [Oscar KATTAN] (formerly United
Democratic Center or CDU); Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front
or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro
CRUZ ZEPEDA]; Nationalist Republican Alliance or ARENA [Alfredo
CRISTIANI]; Great Alliance for National Unity or GANA [Andres ROVIRA]

Equatorial Guinea
Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS
[Placido MICO Abogo]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE
[Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO] (ruling party); Electoral Coalition
or EC; Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo
MOTO]; Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Avelino
MOCACHE]; Popular Union or UP

Eritrea
People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ [ISAIAS
Afworki] (the only party recognized by the government); note - a
National Assembly committee drafted a law on political parties in
January 2001, but the full National Assembly has yet to debate or
vote on it

Estonia
Center Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) [Edgar SAVISAAR];
Estonian Greens (Rohelised) [Marek STRANDBERG]; Estonian People's
Union (Rahvaliit) [Juhan AARE]; Estonian Reform Party
(Reformierakond) [Andrus ANSIP]; Social Democratic Party [Sven
MIKSER]; Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (Isamaa je Res Publica
Liit) [Mart LAAR]

Ethiopia
Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [Mohammed KEDIR];
Arena Tigray; Argoba People's Democratic Organization or APDO;
Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Party or BGPDP [Mulualem
BESSE]; Coalition for Unity and Democratic Party or CUDP; Ethiopian
Federal Democatic Forum or FORUM (a UDJ-led 8-party alliance
established for the 2010 parliamentary elections); Ethiopian
People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF; Gambella Peoples
Unity Democratic Movement or GPUDM [Umod UBONG]; Gurage
Nationalities' Democratic Movement or GNDM; Harari National League
or HNL [Murad ABDULHADI]; Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement or
OFDM [BULCHA Demeksa]; Oromo People's Congress or OPC [IMERERA
Gudina]; Somali Democratic Alliance Forces or SODAF; Somali People's
Democratic Party or SPDP; United Ethiopian Democratic Forces or UEDF
[BEYENE Petros]; Unity for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [Birtukan
MEDEKSA, currently imprisoned]

European Union
Confederal Group of the European United Left-Nordic
Green Left or GUE/NGL [Lothar BISKY]; Europe of Freedom and
Democracy Group or EFD [Nigel FARAGE and Francesco SPERONI];
European Conservatives and Reformists Group or ECR [Michael
KAMINSKI]; Group of Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA
[Rebecca HARMS and Daniel COHN-BENDIT]; Group of the Alliance of
Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE [Guy VERHOFSTADT]; Group
of the European People's Party or EPP [Joseph DAUL]; Group of the
Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European
Parliament or S&D [Martin SCHULZ]

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
none; all independents

Faroe Islands
Center Party [Jenis av RANA]; Independence Party [Kari
P. HOJGAARD]; People's Party [Jorgen NICLASEN]; Republican Party
[Hogni HOYDAL]; Social Democratic Party [Joannes EIDESGAARD]; Union
Party [Kaj Leo JOHANNESEN]

Fiji
Dodonu Ni Taukei Party or DNT [Fereti S. DEWA]; Fiji Democratic
Party or FDP [Filipe BOLE] (a merger of the Christian Democrat
Alliance or VLV [Poesci Waqalevu BUNE], Fijian Association Party or
FAP, Fijian Political Party or SVT [Sitiveni RABUKA] (primarily
Fijian), and New Labor Unity Party or NLUP [Ofa SWANN]); Fiji Labor
Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDHRY]; General Voters Party or GVP
(became part of United General Party); Girmit Heritage Party or GHP;
Justice and Freedom Party or AIM; Lio 'On Famor Rotuma Party or LFR;
National Federation Party or NFP [Pramond RAE] (primarily Indian);
Nationalist Vanua Takolavo Party or NVTLP [Saula TELAWA]; Party of
National Unity or PANU [Ponipate LESAVUA]; Party of the Truth or
POTT; United Fiji Party/Sogosogo Duavata ni Lewenivanua or SDL
[Laisenia QARASE]; United Peoples Party or UPP [Millis Mick BEDDOES]

Finland
Center Party or Kesk [Mari KIVINIEMI]; Christian Democrats
or KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green Party or VIHR [Anni SINNEMAKI]; Left
Alliance or VAS [Paavo ARHINMAKI]; National Coalition Party or Kok
[Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Jutta URPILAINEN];
Swedish People's Party or SFP [Stefan WALLIN]; True Finns [Timo
SOINI]

France
Democratic Movement or MoDem [Francois BAYROU] (previously
Union for French Democracy or UDF); French Communist Party or PCF
[Pierre LAURENT]; Greens [Cecile DUFLOT]; Left Party or PG [Jean-Luc
MELENCHON]; Left Radical Party or PRG [Jean-Michel BAYLET]
(previously Radical Socialist Party or PRS and the Left Radical
Movement or MRG); Movement for France or MPF [Philippe DE VILLIERS];
National Front or FN [Jean-Marie LE PEN]; New Anticapitalist Party
or NPA [Olivier BESANCENOT]; New Center or NC [Herve MORIN]; Radical
Party [Jean-Louis BORLOO]; Rally for France or RPF [Charles PASQUA];
Republican and Citizen Movement or MRC [Jean Pierre CHEVENEMENT];
Socialist Party or PS [Martine AUBRY]; Union for a Popular Movement
or UMP [Jean-Francois COPE]; Worker's Struggle or LO [Nathalie
ARTHAUD]

French Polynesia
Alliance for a New Democracy or ADN(includes the
parties The New Star and This Country is Yours); New Fatherland
Party (Ai'a Api); Our Home alliance; People's Servant Party (Tavini
Huiraatira); Popular Rally (Tahoeraa Huiraatira); Union for
Democracy alliance or UPD

Gabon
Circle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean Boniface
ASSELE]; Congress for Democracy and Justice or CDJ [Jules Aristide
Bourdes OGOULIGUENDE]; Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE
[Divungui-di-Ndinge DIDJOB]; Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG
[Simplice Nguedet MANZELA] (former sole party); Gabonese Party for
Progress or PGP [Benoit Mouity NZAMBA]; Gabonese Union for Democracy
and Development or UGDD [Zacherie MYBOTO]; National Rally of
Woodcutters or RNB; National Rally of Woodcutters-Rally for Gabon or
RNB-RPG (Bucherons) [Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE]; Party of Development
and Social Solidarity or PDS [Seraphin Ndoat REMBOGO]; People's
Unity Party or PUP [Louis Gaston MAYILA]; Social Democratic Party or
PSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]; Union for Democracy and
Social Integration or UDIS; Union of Gabonese Patriots or UPG
[Pierre MAMBOUNDOU]

Gambia, The
Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or
APRC [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH] (the ruling party); Gambia People's
Democratic Party or GPDP [Henry GOMEZ]; National Alliance for
Democracy and Development or NADD [Halifa SALLAH]; National
Convention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National Reconciliation
Party or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for
Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Halifa SALLAH]; United
Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]

Georgia
Christian Democratic Movement [Giorgi TARGAMADZE];
Conservative Party [Kakha KUKAVA]; Democratic Movement United
Georgia [Nino BURJANADZE]; For Fair Georgia [Zurab NOGAIDELI];
Georgian Party [Sozar SUBARI]; Georgian People's Front [Nodar
NATADZE]; Greens [Giorgi GACHECHILADZE]; Industry Will Save Georgia
(Industrialists) or IWSG [Georgi TOPADZE]; Labor Party [Shalva
NATELASHVILI]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Bachuki KARDAVA];
National Forum [Kakhaber SHARTAVA]; New Rights [David GAMKRELIDZE];
Our Georgia-Free Democrats (OGFD) [Irakli ALASANIA]; People's Party
[Koba DAVITASHVILI; Republican Party [David USUPASHVILI]; Socialist
Party or SPG [Irakli MINDELI]; Traditionalists [Akaki ASATIANI];
United National Movement or UNM [Mikheil SAAKASHVILI]

Germany
Alliance '90/Greens [Claudia ROTH and Cem OZDEMIR];
Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]; Christian Social
Union or CSU [Horst SEEHOFER]; Free Democratic Party or FDP [Guido
WESTERWELLE]; Left Party or Die Linke [Klaus ERNST and Gesine
LOETZSCH]; Social Democratic Party or SPD [Sigmar GABRIEL]

Ghana
Convention People's Party or CPP [Ladi NYLANDER]; Democratic
Freedom Party or DFP [Alhaji Abudu Rahman ISSAKAH]; Every Ghanaian
Living Everywhere or EGLE; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP
[Dan LARTEY]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Kwabena
ADJEI]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Peter MAC-MANU]; People's
National Convention or PNC [Alhaji Amed RAMADAN]; Reform Party
[Kyeretwie OPUKU]; United Renaissance Party or URP [Charles WAYO]

Gibraltar
Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social
Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or
GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]

Greece
Anticapitalist Left Cooperation for the Overthrow or ANTARSYA
[Petros KONSTANTINOU]; Coalition of the Radical Left or SYRIZA
[Alexis TSIPRAS]; Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Aleka PAPARIGA];
Democratic Left [Fotis KOUVELIS]; Democratic Alliance or DISY
[Theodora BAKOGIANNI]; Ecologist Greens [Nikos CHRYSOGELOS]; Golden
Dawn [Nikolaos MICHALOLIAKOS]; New Democracy or ND [Antonis
SAMARAS]; Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Georgios
PAPANDREOU]; Popular Orthodox Rally or LAOS [Georgios KARATZAFERIS]

Greenland
Atassut Party (Solidarity) [Gerhardt PETERSEN] (a
conservative party favoring continuing close relations with
Denmark); Demokratiit [Jens B. FREDERIKSEN]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA
(Eskimo Brotherhood) [Kuupik KLEIST] (a leftist party favoring
complete independence from Denmark rather than home rule);
Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate List) [Anthon FREDERIKSEN] (an
independent right-of-center party with no official platform); Siumut
(Forward Party) [Alega HAMMOND] (a social democratic party
advocating more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy
from Denmark)

Grenada
Grenada United Labor Party or GULP [Gloria Payne BANFIELD];
National Democratic Congress or NDC [Tillman THOMAS]; New National
Party or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]

Guam
Democratic Party [Michael PHILLIPS]; Republican Party [Philip
J. FLORES] (controls the legislature)

Guatemala
Center of Social Action or CASA [Feliz Adolfo RUANO de
Leon]; Democracy Front or FRENTE [Alfonso CABRERA]; Democratic Union
or UD [Edwin Armando MARTINEZ Herrera]; Encounter for Guatemala or
EG [Nineth MONTENGRO]; Grand National Alliance or GANA [Jaime
Antonio MARTINEZ Lohayza]; Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity
or URNG [Hector Alfredo NUILA Ericastilla]; Guatemalan Republican
Front or FRG [Luis Fernando PEREZ]; Independent Bloc Guatemala or BG
[Macario Efrain OLIVA Muralles]; Independent Democratic Freedom
Renewed or LIDER [Manuel BALDIZON]; National Advancement Party or
PAN [Juan GUTIERREZ]; National Unity for Hope or UNE [Roberto
KESTLER Velasquez]; Nationalist Change Union or UCN [Mario ESTRADA];
Patriot Party or PP [Ingrid Roxana BALDETTI Elias]; Unionista Party
or PU [Alvaro ARZU Irigoyen]

Guernsey
none; all independents

Guinea
Democratic Union of Guinea or UDG [Mamadou SYLLA]; Guinean
Union for Democracy or UGD; New Democratic Forces or NDF [Muoctar
DIALLO]; Party for Unity and Progress or PUP [Sekouba KONATE]; Rally
for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha CONDE]; Union for Progress and
Renewal or UPR [Ousmane BAH]; Union for Progress of Guinea or UPG
[Jean-Marie DORE, secretary-general]; Union of Democratic Forces of
Guinea or UFDG [Cellou Dalein DIALLO]; Union of Republican Forces or
UFR [Sidya TOURE]; United Front for Democracy and Change or FUDEC
[Francois FALL]

Guinea-Bissau
African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau
and Cape Verde or PAIGC [Carlos GOMES Junior]; Democratic Alliance
or AD [Victor MANDINGA]; Democratic Social Front or FDS [Rafael
BARBOSA]; Electoral Union or UE [Joaquim BALDE]; Guinea-Bissau Civic
Forum/Social Democracy or FCGSD [Antonieta Rosa GOMES];
Guinea-Bissau Democratic Party or PDG; Guinea-Bissau Socialist
Democratic Party or PDSG [Serifo BALDE]; Labor and Solidarity Party
or PST [Lancuba INDJAI]; New Democracy Party or PND; Party for
Democratic Convergence or PCD [Victor MANDINGA]; Party for Renewal
and Progress or PRP; Party for Social Renewal or PRS [Kumba YALA];
Progress Party or PP; Republican Party for Independence and
Development or PRID [Aristides GOMES]; Union of Guinean Patriots or
UPG [Francisca VAZ]; Union for Change or UM [Amine SAAD]; United
Platform or UP (coalition formed by PCD, FDS, FLING, and RGB-MB);
United Popular Alliance or APU; United Social Democratic Party or
PUSD [Frnacisco FADUL]

Guyana
Alliance for Change or AFC [Raphael TROTMAN and Khemraj
RAMJATTAN]; Guyana Action Party or GAP [Paul HARDY]; Justice for All
Party [C.N. SHARMA]; People's National Congress/Reform or PNC/R
[Robert Herman Orlando CORBIN]; People's Progressive Party/Civic or
PPP/C [Bharrat JAGDEO]; Rise, Organize, and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi
DEV]; The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; The Unity Party [Joey
JAGAN]; Vision Guyana [Peter RAMSAROOP]; Working People's Alliance
or WPA [Rupert ROOPNARAINE]

Haiti
Artibonite in Action or LAAA [Youri LATORTUE]; Assembly of
Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Convention
for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]; Cooperative Action to
Build Haiti or KONBA [Evans LESCOUFALIR]; Democratic Alliance or
ALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition composed of KID and PPRH); Effort and
Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph
JASME]; Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Rudy HERIVEAUX]; For Us All or PONT
[Jean-Marie CHERESTAL]; Front for Hope or L'ESPWA [Rene PREVAL]
(alliance of ESKAMP, PLB, and grass-roots organizations Grand-Anse
Resistance Committee, the Central Plateau Peasants' Group, and
Kombit Sudest); Haitian Christian Democratic Party or PDCH [Osner
FEVRY and Marie-Denise CLAUDE]; Haitian Democratic and Reform
Movement or MODEREH [Dany TOUSSAINT and Pierre Soncon PRINCE]; Heads
Together or Tet-Ansanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT]; Independent Movement for
National Reconciliation or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD]; Justice for Peace
and National Development or JPDN [Rigaud DUPLAN]; Liberal Party of
Haiti or PLH [Gehy MICHEL]; Merging of Haitian Social Democratic
Parties or FUSION or FPSDH [Serge GILLES] (coalition of Ayiti
Capable, Haitian National Revolutionary Party, and National Congress
of Democratic Movements); Mobilization for Haiti's Development or
MPH [Samir MOURRA]; Mobilization for National Development or MDN
[Hubert de RONCERAY]; Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN
[Jean Henold BUTEAU]; Movement for the Installation of Democracy in
Haiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; National Christian Union for the
Reconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH [Marie Claude GERMAIN]; National
Front for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRN [Guy PHILIPPE]; New
Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Open
the Gate Party or PLB [Anes LUBIN]; Popular Party for the Renewal of
Haiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN]; Struggling People's Organization or
OPL [Edgard LEBLANC]; Union of Nationalist and Progressive Haitians
or UNITE [Edouard FRANCISQUE]

Holy See (Vatican City)
none

Honduras
Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Felicito AVILA Ordonez];
Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Cesar HAM]; Liberal Party or PL
[Roberto MICHELETTI Bain]; National Party or PN [Antonio ALVAREZ
Arias]; Social Democratic Innovation and Unity Party or PINU [Jorge
Rafael AGUILAR Paredes]

Hong Kong
parties: Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood
or ADPL [LIU Sung Lee]; Civic Party [Audrey EU Yuet-mee]; Democratic
Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong or DAB [TAM
Yiu Cheng]; Democratic Party [Albert HO Chun-yan]; League of Social
Democrats [Raymond WONG Yuk-man]; Liberal Party [Miriam LAU
Kin-yee]; The Frontier (disbanded)
others: Confederation of Trade Unions or CTU; Federation of Trade
Unions or FTU; Neighborhood and Workers Service Center or NWSC
note: political blocs include: pro-democracy - ADPL, Civic Party,
Democratic Party, League of Social Democrats; pro-Beijing - DAB,
Liberal Party, The Professional Forum (an informal group of three
generally pro-government and pro-business LegCo members from
functional constituencies and one independent elected from a
geographic constituency); there is no political party ordinance, so
there are no registered political parties; politically active groups
register as societies or companies

Hungary
Alliance of Free Democrats or SzDSz [5 administrators];
Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Semjen ZSOLT];
Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN, chairman];
Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian
Socialist Party or MSzP [Atilla MESTERHAZY]; Movement for a Better
Hungary or Jobbik [Gabor VONA]; Politics Can Be Different or LMP
[13-member leadership]

Iceland
Independence Party or IP [Bjarni BENEDIKTSSON]; Left-Green
Movement or LGM [Steingrimur SIGFUSSON]; Progressive Party or PP
[Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON]; Social Democratic Alliance or SDA
[Johanna SIGURDARDOTTIR]; The Movement [Birgitta JONSDOTTIR]

India
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or AIADMK [J.
JAYALALITHAA]; All India Trinamool Congress or AITC [Mamata
BANERJEE]; Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [MAYAWATI]; Bharatiya Janata
Party or BJP [Nitin GADKARI]; Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen
PATNAIK]; Communist Party of India or CPI [B. BARDHAN]; Communist
Party of India-Marxist or CPI-M [Prakash KARAT]; Dravida Munnetra
Kazhagam or DMK [Kalaignar M.KARUNANIDHI]; Indian National Congress
or INC [Sonia GANDHI]; Janata Dal (United) or JD(U) [Sharad YADAV];
Left Front (an alliance of Indian leftist parties); Nationalist
Congress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR]; Rashtriya Lok Dal or RLD [Ajit
SINGH]; Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV]; Shiromani Akali
Dal or SAD [Parkash Singh BADAL]; Shiv Sena or SS [Bal THACKERAY];
Telugu Desam Party or TDP [Chandrababu NAIDU]; note - India has
dozens of national and regional political parties; only parties or
coalitions with four or more seats in the People's Assembly are
listed

Indonesia
Democrat Party or PD [Anas URANINGRUM]; Functional Groups
Party or GOLKAR [Aburizal BAKRIE]; Great Indonesia Movement Party or
GERINDRA [SUHARDI]; Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P
[MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri]; National Awakening Party or PKB [Muhaiman
ISKANDAR]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Hatta RAJASA]; People's
Conscience Party or HANURA [WIRANTO]; Prosperous Justice Party or
PKS [Luthfi Hasan ISHAQ]; United Development Party or PPP
[Suryadharma ALI]

Iran
formal political parties are a relatively new phenomenon in
Iran and most conservatives still prefer to work through political
pressure groups rather than parties; often political parties or
coalitions are formed prior to elections and disbanded soon
thereafter; a loose pro-reform coalition called the 2nd Khordad
Front, which includes political parties as well as less formal
groups and organizations, achieved considerable success in elections
for the sixth Majles in early 2000; groups in the coalition included
the Islamic Iran Participation Front (IIPF), Executives of
Construction Party (Kargozaran), Solidarity Party, Islamic Labor
Party, Mardom Salari, Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution
Organization (MIRO), and Militant Clerics Society (Ruhaniyun); the
coalition participated in the seventh Majles elections in early
2004; following his defeat in the 2005 presidential elections,
former MCS Secretary General and sixth Majles Speaker Mehdi KARUBI
formed the National Trust Party; a new conservative group, Islamic
Iran Developers Coalition (Abadgaran), took a leading position in
the new Majles after winning a majority of the seats in February
2004; following the 2004 Majles elections, traditional and hardline
conservatives have attempted to close ranks under the United Front
of Principlists and the Broad Popular Coalition of Principlists;
several reformist groups, such as the Mujahadin of the Islamic
Revolution, came together as a reformist coalition in advance of the
2008 Majles elections; the IIPF has repeatedly complained that the
overwhelming majority of its candidates have been unfairly
disqualified from the 2008 elections

Iraq
Badr Organization [Hadi al-AMIRI]; Da'wa al-Islamiya Party
[Prime Minister Nuri al-MALIKI]; Da'wa Tanzim [Hashim al-MUSAWI
branch]; Da-wa Tanzim [Abd al-Karim al-ANZI branch]; Fadilah Party
[Hashim al-HASHIMI]; Hadba Gathering [Athil al-NUJAYFI]; Iraqi
Charter Assembly [Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur al-SAMARRAI]; Iraqi
Constitutional Party [Jawad al-BULANI]; Iraqi Front for National
Dialogue [Salih al-MUTLAQ]; Iraqi Islamic Party or IIP [Usama
al-TIKRITI]; Iraqi Justice and Reform Movement [Shaykh Abdallah
al-YAWR]; Iraqi National Congress or INC [Ahmad CHALABI]; Iraqi
National Accord or INA [former Prime Minister Ayad ALLAWI]; Islamic
Supreme Council of Iraq or ISCI [Ammar al-HAKIM]; Kurdistan
Democratic Party or KDP [Kurdistan Regional Government President
Masud BARZANI]; National Gathering [Deputy Prime Minister Rafi
al-ISSAWI]; National Movement for Reform and Development [Jamal
al-KARBULI]; National Reform Trend [former Prime Minister Ibrahim
al-JAFARI]; Patriotic Union of Kurdistan or PUK [Jalal TALABANI];
Renewal List [Vice President Tariq al-HASHIMI]; Sadrist Trend
[Muqtada al-SADR]; Sahawa al-Iraq [Ahmad al-RISHAWI]; Tawafuq Front
note: numerous smaller local, tribal, and minority parties

Ireland
Fianna Fail [Brian COWEN]; Fine Gael [Enda KENNY]; Green
Party [John GORMLEY]; Labor Party [Eamon GILMORE]; Progressive
Democrats or PD [Noel GREALISH] (formerly dissolved on 20 November
2009); Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS]; Socialist Party [Joe HIGGINS]; The
Workers' Party [Michael FINNEGAN]

Isle of Man
Alliance for Progressive Government; Liberal Vannin
Party [Peter KARRAN]; Manx Labor Party; Manx Nationalist Party (Mec
Vannin) [Bernard MOFFATT]
note: most members sit as independents

Israel
Balad [Jamal ZAHALKA]; Democratic Front for Peace and
Equality (HADASH) [Muhammad BARAKEH]; Kadima [Tzipora "Tzipi"
LIVNI]; Labor Party [Ehud BARAK]; Likud [Binyamin NETANYAHU];
National Union [Yaakov KATZ]; SHAS [Eliyahu YISHAI]; The Jewish Home
(HaBayit HaYehudi) [Daniel HERSCHKOWITZ]; The New Movement-Meretz
[Haim ORON]; United Arab List-Ta'al [Ibrahim SARSUR]; United Torah
Judaism or UTJ [Yaakov LITZMAN]; Yisrael Beiteinu or YB [Avigdor
LIEBERMAN]

Italy
Center-Right coalition: Lega Nord or LN [Umberto BOSSI];
Movement for Autonomy or MpA [Raffaele LOMBARDO]; People of Freedom
or PdL [Silvio BERLUSCONI]
Center-Left coalition: Democratic Party or PD [Pier Luigi BERSANI];
Italy of Values or IdV [Antonio DI PIETRO]
other non-allied parties: Future and Liberty Party or FLI
[Gianfranco FINI]; Union of the Center or UdC [Pier Ferdinando
CASINI]

Jamaica
Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Bruce GOLDING]; People's
National Party or PNP [Portia SIMPSON-MILLER]; National Democratic
Movement or NDM [Michael WILLIAMS]

Japan
Democratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Naoto KAN]; Japan Communist
Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Sadakazu
TANIGAKI]; New Komeito or NK [Natsuo YAMAGUCHI]; People's New Party
or PNP [Shizuka KAMEI]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Mizuho
FUKUSHIMA]; Your Party or YP [Yoshimi WATANABE]

Jersey
two declared parties: Centre Party; Jersey Democratic Alliance
note: all senators and deputies elected in 2008 were independents

Jordan
Arab Ba'ath Socialist Party [Fuad DABBOUR]; Ba'ath Arab
Progressive Party [Tayseer al-HAMSI]; Call Party [Mohammed Abu
BAKR]; Democratic People's Party [Ablah al-ULBAH]; Democratic
Popular Unity Party [Sa'ed DIAB]; Islamic Action Front or IAF
[Hamzeh MANSOUR]; Islamic Center Party [Marwan al-FA'OURI; Jordanian
Communist Party [Munir HAMARNEH]; Jordanian National Party [Mona Abu
BAKR]; Jordanian United Front [Amjad al-MAJALI]; Life Party [Thaher
'AMROU]; Message Party [Hazem QASHOU]; National Constitution Party
[Ahmed al-SHUNAQ]; National Current Party [Abd al-Hadi al-MAJALI];
National Movement for Direct Democracy [Mohammed al-QAQ]

Kazakhstan
Adilet (Justice) [Maksut NARIKBAYEV, Zeynulla
ALSHIMBAYEV, Serik ABDRAHMANOV, Bakhytbek AKHMETZHAN, Yerkin
ONGARBAYEV, Tolegan SYDYKOV] (formerly Democratic Party of
Kazakhstan); Agrarian and Industrial Union of Workers Block or AIST
(Agrarian Party and Civic Party); Ak Zhol Party (Bright Path)
[Alikhan BAYMENOV]; Alga [Vladimir KOZLOV] (unregistered); Auyl
(Village) [Gani KALIYEV]; Azat (Freedom) Party [Bolat ABILOV]
(formerly True Ak Zhol Party); Azat NSDP [co-chaired by Bolat ABILOV
and Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY]; Azat and NSDP united in 2009, but the
authorities have refused to register Azat NSDP as a single party;
Communist Party of Kazakhstan or KPK [Serikbolsyn ABDILDIN];
Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan [Vladislav KOSAREV]; National
Social Democratic Party or NSDP [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY]; Nur-Otan
[Bakhytzhan ZHUMAGULOV] (the Agrarian, Asar, and Civic parties
merged with Otan); Patriots' Party [Gani KASYMOV]; Rukhaniyat
(Spirituality) [Altynshash ZHAGANOVA]

Kenya
Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-Kenya or FORD-Kenya
[Musikari KOMBO]; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or
FORD-People [Reuben OYONDI]; Kenya African National Union or KANU
[Uhuru KENYATTA]; National Rainbow Coalition-Kenya or NARC-Kenya
[Martha KARUA]; Orange Democratic Movement or ODM [Raila ODINGA];
Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya or ODM-K [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]; Party
of National Unity or PNU [Mwai KIBAKI]; Shirikisho Party of Kenya or
SPK [Chirau Ali MWAKWERE]

Kiribati
Boutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON];
Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Pati
or MKP; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry TONG]
note: there is no tradition of formally organized political parties
in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups
because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party
structures

Korea, North
major party - Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM Jong
Il]; minor parties - Chondoist Chongu Party [RYU Mi Yong] (under KWP
control), Social Democratic Party [KIM Yong Dae] (under KWP control)

Korea, South
Democratic Party or DP [CHUNG Sye-kyun] (formerly the
United Democratic Party or UDP); Democratic Labor Party or DLP [KANG
Ki-kap]; Grand National Party or GNP [AHN Sang-soo]; Liberty Forward
Party or LFP [LEE Hoi-chang]; New Progressive Party or NPP [ROH
Hoe-chan]; Pro-Park Alliance or PPA [SUH Choung-won]; Renewal Korea
Party or RKP [SONG Yong-o]

Kosovo
Albanian Christian Democratic Party of Kosovo or PShDK [Ton
MARKU]; Alliance for a New Kosovo or AKR [Behgjet PACOLLI]; Alliance
for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [Ramush HARADINAJ]; Alliance of
Independent Social Democrats of Kosovo and Metohija or SDSKIM
[Ljubisa ZIVIC]; Bosniak Vakat Coalition or DSV [Sadik IDRIZI];
Citizens' Initiative of Gora or GIG [Murselj HALJILJI]; Democratic
Action Party or SDA [Numan BALIC]; Democratic League of Dardania or
LDD [Nexhat DACI]; Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Fatmir
SEJDIU]; Democratic Party of Ashkali of Kosovo or PDAK [Berat
QERIMI]; Democratic Party of Bosniaks [Dzezair MURATI]; Democratic
Party of Kosovo or PDK [Hashim THACI]; Independent Liberal Party or
SLS [Slobadan PETROVIC]; Kosovo Democratic Turkish Party of KDTP
[Mahir YAGCILAR]; New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo or IRDK
[Xhevdet NEZIRAJ]; New Democratic Party or ND [Predrag JOVIC]; New
Kosovo Alliance or AKR [Behxhet PACOLLI]; Reform Party Ora [Teuta
SAHATCIA]; Serb National Party or SNS [Mihailo SCEPANOVIC]; Serbian
Democratic Party of Kosovo and Metohija or SDS KiM [Slavisa
PETKOVIC]; Serbian Kosovo and Metohija Party or SKMS [Dragisa
MIRIC]; Serbian National Council of Northern Kosovo and Metohija or
SNV [Milan IVANOVIC]; Social Democratic Party of Kosovo or PSDK
[Agim CEKU]; Socialist Party of Kosovo or PSK [Emrush XHEMAJLI];
United Roma Party of Kosovo or PREBK [Haxhi Zylfi MERXHA]

Kuwait
none; formation of political parties is in practice illegal
but is not forbidden by law

Kyrgyzstan
Ar-Namys (Dignity) Party [Feliks KULOV]; Ata-Jurt
(Homeland) [Kamchybek TASHIEV, Akhmat KELDIBEKOV]; Ata-Meken
(Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAEV]; Butun Kyrgyzstan (All Kyrgyzstan)
[Adakhan MADUMAROV, Miroslav NIYAZOV]; Respublika [Omurbek BABANOV];
Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan (SDPK) [Almazbek ATAMBAEV]

Laos
Lao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [CHOUMMALI Saignason];
other parties proscribed

Latvia
All For Latvia! [Irnants PARADNIEKS, Raivis DZINTARS]; Civic
Union [Sandra KALNIETE, Girts Valdis KRISTOVSKIS]; First Party of
Latvia/Latvia's Way or LPP/LC [Ainars SLESERS]; For a Good Latvia
(alliance of TP, LPP/LC); For Human Rights in a United Latvia or
PCTVL [Jakovs PLINERS, Tatjana ZDANOKA]; For the Fatherland and
Freedom/Latvian National Independence Movement or TB/LNNK [Roberts
ZILE, Maris GRINBLATS]; Harmony Center or SC [Nils USAKOVS, Janis
URBANOVICS]; National Alliance (alliance of TB/LNNK, All For
Latvia!); New Era Party or JL [Solvita ABOLTINA, Dzintars ZAKIS];
People's Party or TP [Andris SKELE]; Society for Different Politics
or SCP [Aigars STOKENBERGS; Artis PABRIKS]; The Union of Latvian
Greens and Farmers Party or ZZS [Augusts BRIGMANIS]; Unity bloc
(alliance of Civic Union, New Era, SCP)

Lebanon
14 March Coalition: Democratic Left [Ilyas ATALLAH];
Democratic Renewal Movement [Nassib LAHUD]; Future Movement Bloc
[Sa'ad al-HARIRI]; Kataeb Party [Amine GEMAYEL]; Lebanese Forces
[Samir JA'JA]; Tripoli Independent Bloc
8 March Coalition: Development and Resistance Bloc [Nabih BERRI,
leader of Amal Movement]; Free Patriotic Movement [Michel AWN];
Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc [Mohammad RA'AD] (includes Hizballah
[Hassan NASRALLAH]); Nasserite Popular Movement [Usama SAAD];
Popular Bloc [Elias SKAFF]; Syrian Ba'th Party [Sayez SHUKR]; Syrian
Social Nationalist Party [Ali QANSO]; Tashnaq [Hovig MEKHITIRIAN]
Independent: Democratic Gathering Bloc [Walid JUNBLATT, leader of
Progressive Socialist Party]; Metn Bloc [Michel MURR]

Lesotho
Alliance of Congress Parties or ACP (including the Lesotho
People's Congress or LCP [Kelebone MAOPE], the Basotholand African
Congress or BAC [Khauhelo RALITAPOLE], and a faction of the Basotho
Congress Party or BCP [Ntsukunyane MPHANYA]); All Basotho Convention
or ABC [Thomas THABANE]; Basotho Batho Democratic Party or BBDP;
Basotho Congress Party or BCP; Basotho Democratic National Party or
BDNP [Thabang NYEOE]; Basotho National Party or BNP [Maj. Gen.
Justin Metsing LEKHANYA]; Basotholand African National Congress or
BANC; Christian Democratic Party or CDP [Enerst RAMOKOENA]; Lesotho
Congress for Democracy or LCD [Pakalitha MOSISILI] (the governing
party); Lesotho Workers Party or LWP [Macaefa BILLY]; National
Independent Party or NIP [Anthony MANYELI]

Liberia
Alliance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Togba-na TIPOTEH];
Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia or COTOL [H. Varney
SHERMAN]; Congress for Democratic Change or CDC [George WEAH];
Liberty Party or LP [Charles BRUMSKINE]; National Patriotic Party or
NPP [Roland MASSAQUOI]; Unity Party or UP [Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF]

Libya
none

Liechtenstein
Die Freie Liste (The Free List) or FL [Wolfgang
MARXER]; Fortschrittliche Buergerpartei (Progressive Citizens'
Party) or FBP [Alexander BATLINER]; Vaterlaendische Union
(Fatherland Union) or VU [Adolf HEEB]

Lithuania
Christian party [Gediminas VAGNORIUS]; Civil Democracy
Party or PDP [Algimantas MATULEVICIUS]; Electoral Action of
Lithuanian Poles or LLRA [Valdemar TOMASZEVSKI]; Homeland Union -
Lithuanian Christian Democrats or TS-LKD [Andrius KUBILIUS]; Labor
Party or DP [Viktor USPASKICH]; Liberal and Center Union or LCS
[Gintautas BABRAVICIUS]; Liberal Movement or LS or LRLS [Eligijus
MASIULIS]; Lithuanian Farmers' Union or LVLS or VLS [ Ramunas
KARBAUSKIS]; Lithuanian People's Party (not yet officially
established) [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE]; National Revival or TPP [Arunas
VALINSKAS]; New Union (Social Liberal) or NS [Arturas PAULAUSKAS];
Order and Justice Party or TT [Rolandas PAKSAS]; Social Democratic
Party or LSDP [Algirdas BUTKEVICIUS]

Luxembourg
Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Robert
MEHLEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Michel WOLTER]; dei
Lenk/la Gauche (the Left); Democratic Party or DP [Claude MEISCH];
Green Party [Francois BAUSCH]; Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party
or LSAP [Alex BODRY]; other minor parties

Macau
Alliance for Change or MUDAR; Macau Development Alliance or
NUDM [Angela LEONG On-kei]; Macau-Guangdong Union or UNG; Macau
United Citizens' Association or ACUM [CHAN Meng-kam]; New Democratic
Macau Association or APMD [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; New Hope or NE
[Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Union for Promoting Progress or UPP
[LEONG Heng-teng]
note: there is no political party ordinance, so there are no
registered political parties; politically active groups register as
societies or companies

Macedonia
Democratic Alliance or DS [Pavle TRAJANOV]; Democratic
Party of Serbs in Macedonia [Ivan STOILJKOVIC]; Democratic Party of
the Albanians or PDSh/DPA [Menduh THACI]; Democratic Party of Turks
in Macedonia [Kenan HASIPI]; Democratic Union for Integration or
BDI/DUI [Ali AHMETI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary
Organization--Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity
(VMRO-DPMNE) [Nikola GRUEVSKI]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP
[Jovan MANSIJEVSKI]; Liberal Party [Borce STOJANOVSKI]; Movement for
Reconstruction of Macedonia or DOM [Liljana POPOVSKA]; New
Alternative [Gjorgji OROVCANEC]; New Democracy or DR [Imer SELMANI];
New Social-Democratic Party or NSDP [Tito PETKOVSKI]; Party for
Democratic Action in Macedonia or SDAM [Avdija PEPIC]; Party for
European Future or PEI [Fijat CANOSKI]; Social-Democratic Union of
Macedonia or SDSM [Branko CRVENKOVSKI]; Socialist Party or SP
[Ljubisav IVANOV-ZINGO]; Union of Roma of Macedonia [Amdi BAJRAM];
United for Macedonia or OM [Ljube BOSKOVSKI]; VMRO-Macedonian
[Borislav STOJMENOV]

Madagascar
Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA
[Pierrot RAJAONARIVELO]; Democratic Party for Union in Madagascar or
PSDUM [Jean LAHINIRIKO]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action
for National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO];
Fihaonana Party or FP [Guy-Willy RAZANAMASY]; I Love Madagascar or
TIM [Marc RAVALOMANANA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or
RPSD [Evariste MARSON]

Malawi
Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Dindi NYASULU]; Congress of
Democrats or CODE [Ralph KASAMBARA]; Democratic Progressive Party or
DPP [Bingu wa MUTHARIKA]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [John TEMBO];
Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA]; Malawi Forum for
Unity and Development or MAFUNDE [George MNESA]; Maravi People's
Party [Uladi MUSSA]; National Unity Party or NUP [Harry CHIUME]; New
Rainbow Coalition Party [Beatrice MWALE]; New Republican Party
[Gwanda CHAKUWAMBA]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Aleke
BANDA]; People's Transformation Movement or PETRA [Kamuzu CHIBAMBO];
Republican Party or RP [Stanley MASAULI]; United Democratic Front or
UDF [Bakili MULUZI]; United Democratic Party [Kenedy KALAMBO]

Malaysia
National Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN (ruling coalition)
consists of the following parties: Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party or
PGRM [KOH Tsu Koon]; Liberal Democratic Party (Parti Liberal
Demokratik - Sabah) or LDP [LIEW Vui Keong]; Malaysian Chinese
Association (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [CHUA Soi Lek];
Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongres India Malaysia) or MIC
[Govindasamy PALANIVEL]; Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah or PBRS [Joseph
KURUP]; Parti Bersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; Parti
Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu or PBB [Abdul TAIB Mahmud]; Parti Rakyat
Sarawak or PRS [James MASING]; Sarawak United People's Party (Parti
Bersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [George CHAN Hong Nam]; United
Malays National Organization or UMNO [NAJIB bin Abdul Razak]; United
Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization (Pertubuhan Pasko
Momogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or UPKO [Bernard DOMPOK]; People's
Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Penduduk Malaysia) or PPP
[M.Kayveas]; Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party or SPDP [William
MAWAN])
People's Alliance (Pakatan Rakyat) or PR (opposition coalition)
consists of the following parties: Democratic Action Party (Parti
Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP [KARPAL Singh]; Islamic Party of
Malaysia (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang];
People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [WAN AZIZAH
Wan Ismail]; Sarawak National Party or SNAP [Edwin DUNDANG]
independent party: Sabah Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Saban)
or SAPP [YONG Teck Lee]

Maldives
Adhaalath (Justice) Party or AP [Shaykh Hussein RASHEED
Ahmed]; Dhivehi Quamee Party or DQP [Hassan SAEED]; Dhivehi
Rayyithunge Party (Maldivian People's Party) or DRP [THASMEEN Ali];
Gaumii Ithihaad (National Alliance) or GI [Mohamed WAHEED]; Islamic
Democratic Party or IDP; Maldivian Democratic Party or MDP [Mariya
DIDI]; Maldives National Congress or MNC; Maldives Social Democratic
Party or MSDP; People's Alliance or PA [Abdullah YAMEEN]; People's
Party or PP; Poverty Alleviation Party or PAP; Republican
(Jumhooree) Party or JP [Gasim IBRAHIM]; Social Liberal Party or SLP
[Ibrahim ISMAIL]

Mali
African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI
[Oumar MARIKO, secretary general]; Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA
[Diounconda TRAORE]; Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP (a
coalition of political parties including ADEMA and URD formed in
December 2006 to support the presidential candidacy of Amadou
TOURE); Alliance for Democratic Change (political group comprised
mainly of Tuareg from Mali's northern region); Convergence 2007
[Soumeylou Boubeye MAIGA]; Front for Democracy and the Republic or
FDR (a coalition of political parties including RPM and PARENA
formed to oppose the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE);
National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL];
Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Mady KONATE]; Party for
National Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME]; Patriotic Movement for
Renewal or MPR [Choguel MAIGA]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT
[Amadou Ali NIANGADOU]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar
KEITA]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou
Basir GOLOGO]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa
Balla COULIBALY]; Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Soumaila
CISSE]

Malta
Alternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD
[Michael BRIGUGLIO]; Azzjoni Nazzjonaili or AN [Josi MUSCAT]; Malta
Labor Party or PL [Joseph MUSCAT]; Nationalist Party or PN [Lawrence
GONZI]

Marshall Islands
traditionally there have been no formally organized
political parties; what has existed more closely resembles factions
or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters,
formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings"
have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Aelon Kein
Ad Party [Michael KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa
TOMEING]

Mauritania
Alternative or El-Badil [Mohamed Yahdhi Ould MOCTAR
HACEN]; Coalition of Majority Parties or CPM (parties supporting the
regime including PRDR, UPR, RD, HATEM-PMUC, UCD); Coordination of
Democratic Opposition or COD (coalition of opposition political
parties opposed to the government including APP, RFD, UFP,
PNDD-ADIL, Alternative or El-Badil); Democratic Renewal or RD
[Moustapha Ould ABDEIDARRAHMANE]; Mauritanian Party for Unity and
Change or HATEM-PMUC [Saleh Ould HANENA]; National Pact for
Democracy and Development or PNDD-ADIL [Yahya Ould Ahmed Ould
WAGHEF] (independents formerly supporting President Abdellahi);
National Rally for Freedom, Democracy and Equality or RNDLE;
National Rally for Reform and Development/RNRD-TAWASSOUL [Mohamed
Jamil MANSOUR] (moderate Islamists); Popular Front or FP [Ch'bih
Ould CHEIKH MALAININE]; Popular Progressive Alliance or APP [Messoud
Ould BOULKHEIR]; Rally of Democratic Forces or RFD [Ahmed Ould
DADDAH]; Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal or PRDR [Mintata
Mint HDEID]; Socialist and Democratic Unity Party or PUDS; Union for
Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS]; Union for the
Republic or UPR; Union of Democratic Center or UCD [Cheikh Sid'Ahmed
Ould BABA]; Union of the Forces for Progress or UFP [Mohamed Ould
MAOULOUD];

Mauritius
Alliance of the Future or AF [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]
(governing coalition - includes MLD, MMSM, MR, MSD, PMXD); Mauritian
Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant
Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER]; Mauritian Militant Socialist
Movement or MMSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH]; Mauritian Socialist Militant
Movement or MSMM [Madan DULLOO]; Mauritian Solidarity Front [Cehl
FAKEERMEEAH]; Mouvement Republicain or MR [Jayarama VALAYDEN]; Parti
Mauricien Xavier Duval or PMXD [Xavier Luc DUVAL]; Rodrigues
Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples
Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]

Mayotte
Democratic Front or FD [Youssouf MOUSSA]; Federation of
Mahorans or UMP-RPR [Mansour KAMARDINE]; Force of the Rally and the
Alliance for Democracy or FRAP; Mahoran Popular Movement or MPM
[Ahmed MADI]; Movement for Department Status Mayotte or MDM
[Mouhoutar SALIM]; Renewed Communist Party of Mayotte or MRC [Omar
SIMBA]; Socialist Party or PS [Ibrahim ABUBACAR] (local branch of
French Parti Socialiste); Union for French Democracy or UDF [Henri
JEAN-BAPTISTE]

Mexico
Convergence for Democracy or CD [Luis WALTON Aburto];
Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI [Beatriz PAREDES Rangel];
Labor Party or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]; Mexican Green
Ecological Party or PVEM [Jorge Emilio GONZALEZ Martinez]; National
Action Party (Partido Accion Nacional) or PAN [Gustavo MADERO
Munoz]; New Alliance Party (Partido Nueva Alianza) or PNA/PANAL
[Jorge Antonio KAHWAGI Macari]; Party of the Democratic Revolution
(Partido de la Revolucion Democratica) or PRD [Jesus ORTEGA Martinez]

Micronesia, Federated States of
no formal parties

Moldova
represented in Parliament: Communist Party of the Republic
of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN]; Democratic Party or PD [Mihai
LUPU]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLDM [Vladmir FILAT]; Liberal
Party or PL [Mihai GHIMPU]
not represented in Parliament: Christian Democratic People's Party
or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA]; Conservative Party or PC [Natalia NIRCA];
Ecological Party of Moldova "Green Alliance" or PEMAVE [Vladimir
BRAGA]; European Action Movement or MAE [Veaceslav UNTILA]; For
Nation and Country Party or PpNT [Sergiu MOCANU]; Humanist Party of
Moldova or PUM [Valeriu PASAT]; Labor Party or PM [Gheorghe SIMA];
National Liberal Party or PNL [Vitalia PAVLICENKO]; Our Moldova
Alliance or AMN [Serafim URECHEAN]; Patriots of Moldova Party or PPM
[Mihail GARBUZ]; Popular Republican Party or PPR [Nicolae ANDRONIC];
Republican Party of Moldova or PRM [Andrei STRATAN]; Roma Social
Political Movement of the Republic of Moldova or MRRM [Ion BUCUR];
Social Democratic Party or PSD [Victor SELIN]; Social Political
Movement "Equality" or MR [Valeriy KLIMENCO]; United Moldova Party
or PMUEM [Vladimir TURCAN]

Monaco
Monaco Together; Rally and Issues for Monaco or REM; Union
for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco
or UNAM)

Mongolia
Democratic Party or DP [Norov ALTANHUYAG]; Mongolian
People's Party or MPP [Sukhbaatar BATBOLD]

Montenegro
Albanian Alternative or AA [Vesel SINISHTAJ]; Coalition
for European Montenegro (bloc) [Milo DJUKANOVIC] (includes
Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC], Social
Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC], Bosniak Party of BS
[Rafet HUSOVIC], and Croatian Civic Initiative or HGI [Marija
VUCINOVIC); Coalition SNP-NS-DSS (bloc) (includes Socialist People's
Party or SNP [Srdjan MILIC], People's Party of Montenegro or NS
[Predrag POPOVIC], and Democratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS
[Ranko KADIC]); Democratic League-Party of Democratic Prosperity or
SPP [Mehmet BARDHIJ]; Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Ferhat
DINOSHA]; For a Different Montenegro (bloc) [Goran BATRICEVIC]
(includes Democratic Center or DC [Goran BATRICEVIC] and Liberal
Party of Montenegro or LP [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC]); FORCA [Nazif CUNGU];
Movement for Changes or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC]; National Coalition
(includes People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Predrag POPOVIC] and
Democratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS [Ranko KADIC]); New
Serb Democracy or NOVA [Andrija MANDIC]; Socialist People's Party of
Montenegro or SNP [Srdjan MILIC]

Montserrat
Montserrat Democratic Party or MDP [Lowell LEWIS];
Movement for Change and Prosperity or MCAP [Roselyn CASSELL-SEALY];
New People's Liberation Movement or NPLM [John A. OSBORNE]

Morocco
Action Party or PA [Mohammed EL IDRISSI]; Al Ahd (The
Covenant) Party [Najib EL OUAZZANI]; Alliance des Libert'es
(Alliance of Liberty) or ADL [Ali BELHAJ]; An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati or
An-Nahj [Abdellah EL HARIF]; Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM
[Mohamed Cheikh BIADILLAH, Secretary General]; Choura et Istiqlal
(Consultation and Independence) Party or PCI [Abdelwahed MAACH];
Citizens' Forces or FC [Abderrahman LAHJOUJI]; Citizenship and
Development Initiative or ICD [Mohamed BENHAMOU]; Constitutional
Union Party or UC [Mohammed ABIED]; Democratic and Social Movement
or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]; Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Touhami EL
KHIARI]; Democratic Socialist Vanguard Party or PADS [Ahmed
BENJELLOUN]; Democratic Society Party or PSD [Zhor CHEKKAFI];
Democratic Union or UD [Bouazza IKKEN]; Environment and Development
Party or PED [Ahmed EL ALAMI]; Istiqlal (Independence) Party or PI
[Abbas EL FASSI]; Justice and Development Party or PJD [Abdelilah
BENKIRANE]; Labor Party or PT [Abdelkrim BENATIK]; Moroccan Liberal
Party or PML [Mohamed ZIANE]; National Democratic Party or PND
[Abdallah KADIRI]; National Ittihadi Congress Party or CNI
[Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]; National Popular Movement or MNP [Mahjoubi
AHERDANE]; National Rally of Independents or RNI [Mustapha EL
MANSOURI]; National Union of Popular Forces or UNFP [Abdellah
IBRAHIM]; Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]; Progress and
Socialism Party or PPS [Ismail ALAOUI]; Reform and Development Party
or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOUHEN]; Renaissance and Virtue Party or PRV
[Mohamed KHALIDI]; Renewal and Equity Party or PRE [Chakir ACHABAR];
Social Center Party or PSC [Lahcen MADIH]; Socialist Democratic
Party or PSD [Aissa OUARDIGHI]; Socialist Union of Popular Forces or
USFP [Abdelwahed RADI]; Unified Socialist Left Party or PGSU
[Mohamed Ben Said AIT IDDER]

Mozambique
Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico
de Mocambique) or MDM [Daviz SIMANGO]; Front for the Liberation of
Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Armando
Emilio GUEBUZA]; Mozambique National Resistance (Resistencia
Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Afonso DHLAKAMA]

Namibia
All People's Party or APP [Ignatius SHIXWAMENI]; Congress of
Democrats or COD [Benjamin ULENGA]; Democratic Turnhalle Alliance of
Namibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA]; Monitor Action Group or MAG [Jurie
VILJOEN]; National Democratic Movement for Change or NamDMC;
National Unity Democratic Organization or NUDO [Kuaima RIRUAKO];
Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Hidipo HAMUTENYA];
Republican Party or RP [Hendrick MUDGE]; South West Africa National
Union or SWANU [Usutuaije MAAMBERUA]; South West Africa People's
Organization or SWAPO [Hifikepunye POHAMBA]; United Democratic Front
or UDF [Justus GAROEB]

Nauru
Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru First (Naoero Amo)
Party; Nauru Party (informal); note - loose multiparty system